Consulta: subjectFacets:"Environmental Economics and Policy"
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13 + 1: A Comparison of Global Climate Change Policy Architectures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aldy,   Joseph E.; Barrett,   Scott; Stavins,   Robert N.
We critically review the Kyoto Protocol and thirteen alternative policy architectures for addressing the threat of global climate change. We employ six criteria to evaluate the policy proposals: environmental outcome, dynamic efficiency, cost effectiveness, equity, flexibility in the presence of new information, and incentives for participation and compliance. The Kyoto Protocol does not fare well on a number of criteria, but none of the alternative proposals fare well along all six dimensions. We identify several major themes among the alternative proposals: Kyoto is "too little, too fast"; developing countries should play a more substantial role and receive incentives to participate; implementation should focus on market-based approaches, especially...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Policy architecture; Kyoto Protocol; Efficiency; Cost effectiveness; Equity; Participation; Compliance; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10541

2008 Michigan Dairy Industry Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bitsch,   Vera.
The Michigan State University (MSU) Dairy Team conducted an industry survey with the objectives of identifying and rating industry priorities. After holding discussion groups across the state, two questionnaires were developed and sent to 2,237 dairy farm owners and operators and 480 allied industry professionals in the state; 23.4% of the dairy farmers and 28.1% of the allied industry professionals returned questionnaires with useable data. This report summarizes respondents’ ratings of industry issues, as well as education and knowledge needs. In addition, educational preferences, management practices, Internet use and access, demographic information, and farm characteristics are outlined.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Dairy farmers; Dairy industry; Extension evaluation; Information sources; Internet use; Survey questionnaire; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; M0; Q12; Q13; Q14; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51842

2C or Not 2C?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guivarch,   Celine; Hallegatte,   Stephane.
Political attention has increasingly focused on limiting warming to 2°C. However, to date the only mitigation commitments accompanying this target are the so-called Copenhagen pledges, and these pledges appear to be inconsistent with the 2°C objective. Diverging opinions on whether this inconsistency can or should be resolved have been expressed. This paper clarifies the alternative assumptions underlying these diverging view points and explicits their implications. It first gives simple visualizations of the challenge posed by the 2°C target. It then proposes a “decision tree”, linking different beliefs on climate change, the achievability of different policies, and current international policy dynamics to various options to move forward on climate change.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Feasibility of 2°C Target; Climate Change Negotiations; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120019

A BALATON VÍZGYŰJTŐJÉN FOLYÓ MEZŐGAZADSÁGI TERMELÉS HATÁSA A TÓ KÖRNYEZETI ÁLLAPOTÁRA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marton,   Istvan.
A Balaton vízminőségének, a tó állapotának romlása több tényezőre visszave-zethető, hosszú folyamat eredménye. Az egyes tényezők szerepének meghatáro-zása a rendszeres és teljes körű, minden szennyező faktorra kiterjedő mérések hiánya miatt napjainkban is gondot okoz, részben becslésen alapul. Mégis vissza-térő kérdés, hogy a leromlásért melyik ágazat az első számú felelős. A 80-as évek elején a feladatok meghatározásakor a tó vizének tápanyag feldúsulásáért a me-zőgazdaságot kiáltották ki fő felelősnek. Ugyanakkor szakértői vizsgálatok egy-értelműen bizonyították, hogy a Balatonba kerülő hatóanyag maximum 3-5%-a lehet műtrágya eredetű, ami önmagában a vízminőség gyorsütemű romlását nem idézhette elő. Akik kizárólag a mezőgazdaságot okolták a Balaton...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Műtrágyázás; Környezetszennyezés; Vízminőségjavító intézkedések - artificial chemical use; Environment burden; Arrangements for increasing water quality; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54300

A BARGAINING FRAMEWORK FOR THE GLOBAL COMMONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bromley,   Daniel W.
The global commons represents a class of environmental problems that require international cooperation.  Global environmental problems arise because the actions of some individuals or governments in one location hold serious implications for individuals and governments in other locations.  There are global environmental policy problems because adversely-affected individuals (and governments) attempt to alter the behaviors of those responsible for global pollution.  We develop a framework with which to analyze such global environmental problems.  Our goal is to craft a resource management policy that will satisfy both those who seek a change and those who prefer the current situation.  This environmental incentive policy will align the interests of the two...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11899

A Bayesian Approach to the Estimation of Environmental Kuznets Curves for CO2 Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Musolesi,   Antonio; Zoboli,   Roberto.
This paper investigates the EKC curves for CO2 emissions in a panel of 109 countries during the period 1959-2001. The length of the series makes the application of a heterogeneous estimator suitable from an econometric point of view. The results, based on the hierarchical Bayes estimator, show that different EKC dynamics are associated with the different sub samples of countries considered. On average, more industrialized countries show an EKC evidence in quadratic specifications, which are nevertheless probably evolving into an N shape, emerging from cubic specifications. Less developed countries consistently show that CO2 emissions still rise positively with income, though some signals of an EKC path arise.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12057

A Bayesian approach towards facilitating climate change adaptation research on the South African agricultural sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Musango,   J.K.; Peter,   C.
Evaluating the range of proposed adaptation measures to combat the sensitivity of agriculture to climate change effects involves evaluating complex interactions between human and natural systems. Integrated strategy-making and implementation in the agricultural sector to reduce the risks posed by climate change requires the consideration of multiple, interdisciplinary factors and the sensitivities of their inter-relationships. Lack of information on the sensitivity of agricultural activities to climate change in Africa hampers climate change adaptation research on the region. In water scarce South Africa, the growth of the agricultural sector is threatened by projected decreases in water availability due to climate change. This paper shows how Bayesian...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change adaptation; Water utilization; Bayesian approach; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10121

A Behavioral Analysis of EPA's MOBILE Emission Factor Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harrington,   Winston; McConnell,   Virginia D.; Cannon,   Matthew.
This paper examines the behavioral and stochastic aspects of modeling emission reductions from vehicle Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) programs. Forecasts of the potential emission reductions from such programs have been modeled by the use of the Environmental Protection Agency's MOBILE Model, EPA's computer model for estimating emission factors for mobile sources. We examine the structure of this Model and review the way behavior of drivers, mechanics and state regulatory authorities is incorporated in the current generation of the Model. We focus particularly on assumptions about vehicle repair under I/M, compliance with I/M requirements, and the impact of test measurement error on predicted I/M effectiveness. We also include some preliminary...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emission reduction; Vehicle inspection and maintenance program; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10676

A Benefit Transfer Approach to the Estimation of Agro-Ecosystems Services Benefits: A Case Study of Kern County, California
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qenani-Petrela,   Eivis; Noel,   Jay E.; Mastin,   Thomas.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121605

A Benefit Transfer Estimation of Agro-Ecosystems Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Noel,   Jay E.; Qenani-Petrela,   Eivis; Mastin,   Thomas.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92844

A Binomial Tree Approach to Valuing Fixed Rotation Forests and Flexible Rotation Forests Under a Mean Reverting Timber Price Process
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tee,   James; Scarpa,   Riccardo; Marsh,   Dan; Guthrie,   Graeme.
NPV and LEV are established and common approaches to valuing single rotation and infinite rotation forests respectively, when the rotation age is fixed in advanced. More recently, Real Options approaches have been employed to value single and infinite rotation forests with a flexible harvest age. Under a stochastic timber price process, it has been shown that the valuation of a flexible rotation forest is equal or higher than that of a fixed rotation forest, because a flexible harvest regime delays the harvest if the timber price is not favourable, whereas a fixed harvest regime would proceed to harvest regardless of the price. Often, valuation of fixed and flexible rotation ages are compared using 2 different methods – NPV (or LEV) and Real Options. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: NPV; LEV; Real Options; Optimal Harvest Decision; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96836

A bioeconomic model of a marine park
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greenville,   Jared W.; MacAulay,   T. Gordon.
A spatial bioeconomic model of a fishery will be used to investigate the effect of creating a marine park in a heterogeneous environment. Focus will be placed on the relevant biological and economic conditions needed to provide a benefit to both fishers and conservationists alike. The fishing environment will be one of limited entry to better simulate the conditions which exist in many developed nations. Fishers will be assumed to operate across patched in which the fish stocks are linked via either sink-source or density dependant spatial relationships.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic; Marine protected area; Fisheries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58451

A bioeconomic model of carbon trading within an Australian grazing enterprise
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gowen,   Rebecca; Rolfe,   John; Donaghy,   Peter.
The Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI) and other carbon trading programs have been promoted as alternative sources of income for agricultural producers, particularly those on marginal land. This paper presents the results of a bioeconomic model developed to compare the relative returns from a beef enterprise against changing regrowth management practices to sequester additional carbon and sell carbon offsets. The model is constructed based on a 1000 hectare parcel of land in Central Queensland and is calculated for two landtypes; Brigalow and Eucalypt. Assuming zero transaction costs and a 20 year contract period, a carbon-cattle enterprise has higher returns that a cattle-only enterprise at relatively low carbon prices for both land types. However, results...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Bioeconomic modelling; Grazing economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124311

A BIOECONOMIC MODEL OF SPATIAL POLICY OPTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Martin D.; Wilen,   James E.
This paper outlines an empirical bioeconomic model that is spatially explicit.  It combines a metapopulation model of sea urchin biology with a discrete choice econometric analysis of harvester behavior.  Discrete choice results are used to simulate short-term spatial closures in the fishery, and implications for long-term spatial management are discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21749

A bioüzemanyagok használatával járó várható földhasználati változások Magyarországon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vida,   Adrienn; Baksa,   Adrienn.
Az egyre növekvő energiafelhasználás, világnépesség és éhezés olyan, több évtizede megoldatlan problémák, amelyeket a klímaváltozás és az ez által kialakult szélsőséges időjárási viszonyok tovább súlyosbítottak, a napjainkban tapasztalható gazdasági válság pedig még inkább megnehezítheti megoldásukat. A megújítható energiaforrások szerepének növelésében katalizátorszerepet betöltő Európai Unió már a 80-as évek elején megoldást keresett a túltermelés következtében felhalmozódott szántóföldi termékek felhasználására. Az idők során a támogatási rendszer is a non-food termelést helyezte egyre inkább előtérbe, majd a kialakított direktívák és piaci intézkedések előkészítették, és így biztosították az összefoglalóan biomasszának nevezett megújítható...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Földhasználat; Bioüzemanyagok; Klímaváltozás; Környezeti terhelés; Fenntartható gazdálkodás; Land usage; Bio-fuels; Climate change; Environmental burden; Sustainable farming.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92421

A Calibrate Auction-conjoint Experiment to Elicit Consumer Valuation of Sustainable Farming: Is Agro-systems Preservation Relevant?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Avitia,   Jessica; Costa-Font,   Montserrat; Gil,   Jose Maria; Lusk,   Jayson L.
This paper analyses the role of agro-systems preservation on making food choices. It employs the “Calibrate Auction-Conjoint Valuation method” (CACM), which relates hypothetical conjoint valuation of product attributes with real market behavior using real economic incentives. The paper also allows comparing the hypothetical and nonhypothetical valuations in order to value the difference between the theoretic and the incentive-compatible WTP for a same respondent and within a single experiment. Thus the paper aims at testing for: 1) the internal consistency on people’s behavior towards sustainable agriculture, and 2) the relevance of the price attribute versus agro-ecosystems preservation for a fresh product. Results suggest that Spanish respondents’...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114213

A Carrot-and-Stick Approach to Environmental Improvement: Marrying Agri-Environmental Payments and Water Quality Regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaplan,   Jonathan D.; Johansson,   Robert C.
Agri-environmental programs, such as the Environmental Quality Incentives Program, provide payments to livestock and crop producers to generate broadly defined environmental benefits and to help them comply with federal water quality regulations, such as those that require manure nutrients generated on large animal feeding operations to be spread on cropland at no greater than agronomic rates. We couch these policy options in terms of agri-environmental "carrots" and regulatory "sticks," respectively. The U.S. agricultural sector is likely to respond to these policies in a variety of ways. Simulation analysis suggests that meeting nutrient standards would result in decreased levels of animal production, increased prices for livestock and poultry products,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31369

A CASE FOR SUBVENTION OF PRIVATE LANDOWNERS IN THE LOUISIANA COASTAL ZONE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caffey,   Rex H.
The Louisiana Coastal Zone (LCZ) is experiencing an unparalleled crisis of wetland loss, most of which (75%) is occurring on private lands.  This paper use agricultural conservation policy as a comparative construct in a commentary that examines the rationale and methodology of providing economic incentives to subsidize wetland restoration on private lands in the LCZ.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35045

A Case Study of an NGOs Ecotourism Efforts: Findings Based on a Survey of Visitors to its Tropical Nature Reserve
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article outlines the efforts of a small NGO, the Mareeba Wetland Foundation, to conserve nature and conduct tourism at its Mareeba Tropical Savanna Wetland Reserve in northern Queensland. It provides background about the establishment of the reserve and its nature and draws on the results from a survey of visitors to this reserve. It provides a socio-economic profile of visitors, their frequency of visits to it and their knowledge of it prior to visiting. This knowledge is found, on the whole, to be poor. The way in which visitors decided to visit the reserve is also considered as are indicators of the economic surplus obtained from visits. Because for most visitors their visit was an experiential good, doubts are raised about the traditional method...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation NGOs; Consumers’ surplus; Ecotourism; Experiential goods; Mareeba Tropical Savanna and Wetland Reserve; Mareeba Wetlands Foundation; National parks; Public economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Q2; Q5; L83; H30.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93403

A Century of American Economic Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Torgler,   Benno; Piatti,   Marco.
Using information collected from American Economic Review publications of the last 100 years, we try to provide answers to various questions: Which are the top AER publishing institutions and countries? Which are the top AER papers based on citation success? How frequently is someone able to publish in AER? How equally is citation success distributed? Who are the top AER publishing authors? What is the level of cooperation among the authors? What drives the alphabetical name ordering? What are the individual characteristics of the AER authors, editors, editorial board members, and referees? How frequently do women publish in AER? What is the relationship between academic age, publication performance, and citation success? What are the paper...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: American Economic Review; Publishing Economics; Rankings; Cooperation; Authors; Editors; Board Members; Referees; Connections; Awards; Paper  Characteristics; Economic History; History of Economic Thought; Environmental Economics and Policy; A10; A110; B00; B31; B40; I23; N01; J00; Z00.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102501

A Choice Modelling Survey of Community Attitudes to Improvements in Environmental Quality in NSW Catchments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazur,   Kasia; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
The survey was designed to estimate environmental values suitable for integration into MOSAIC, a bio-economic model for catchment and farm level planning. Local residents, as well as distant rural and distant urban communities, were surveyed in three NSW catchments (Lachlan, Namoi and Hawkesbury-Nepean) using choice modelling (CM). The survey aimed to find out respondents’ attitudes about, and preferences for, potential natural resource management (NRM) improvements. In total, 3,997 responses were collected from seven different locations in NSW. Fourteen split samples were established to allow for testing of incentive compatibility in CM, the impact of respondent location on values held, and scale effects.   This research report describes the development...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Nonmarket valuation; Choice modelling; Survey; Questionnaire design; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94813

A Coasian Approach to Efficient Water Allocation of a Transboundary River
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Willis,   David B.; Baker,   Justin Scott.
The United States and Mexico recently resolved a decade-old water dispute that required Mexico to repay the accumulated water debt within one year. A Coasian analysis estimates the social welfare gains attainable to each country under an alternative debt repayment scheme that allows repayment over a longer time horizon and in a combination of dollars and water, instead of solely in water. Assuming average water supply conditions, under the agreed 1-year repayment contract, U.S. compensation value is 534% greater and Mexico’s compensation cost is 60% less relative to when compensation is paid exclusively in water.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Coase; Water allocation; Water compensation; Water markets; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1; Q2.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46985

A COLLECTIVE PERFORMANCE-BASED CONTRACT FOR POINT-NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION TRADING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Michael A.; Randall,   Alan; Sohngen,   Brent.
Collective performance-based trading can be achieved by pairing a team contract with an auction to determine team membership.  The auction effectively overcomes adverse selection, and the team contract reduces the incentive to "free-ride" associated with moral hazard in teams.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22069

A Comparison of Approaches to Mitigate Hypothetical Bias
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Champ,   Patricia A.; Moore,   Rebecca; Bishop,   Richard C.
We compare two approaches to mitigating hypothetical bias. The study design includes three treatments: an actual payment treatment, a contingent valuation (CV) treatment with a follow-up certainty question, and a CV treatment with a cheap talk script. Our results suggest that both the follow-up certainty treatment and the cheap talk treatment produce willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates consistent with the actual payment treatment. However, the follow-up certainty treatment provides response distributions at all offer amounts that are statistically similar to the actual payment treatment, while the cheap talk treatment provides similar responses only at some offer amounts. Furthermore, the cheap talk treatment is effective only for inexperienced individuals....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Hypothetical bias; Follow-up certainty; Cheap talk; Nonmarket valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55867

A COMPARISON OF HYPOTHETICAL PHONE AND MAIL CONTINGENT VALUATION RESPONSES FOR GREEN PRICING ELECTRICITY PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ethier,   Robert G.; Poe,   Gregory L.; Schulze,   William D.; Clark,   Jeremy.
To date, much of the policy and research debate on contingent valuation mode effects has relied on experiences drawn from other research disciplines. This study provides the first contingent valuation phone-mail comparison that meets current standards for response rates, draws from a general population, is relevant to the valuation of general environmental goods, and allows comparisons with actual sign-ups. Consistent with previous research in other disciplines, social desirability bias is found in responses to subjective questions --thus leading to more environmentally favorable responses on the phone. However, this effect does not carry over to hypothetical participation decisions. Hypothetical bias is found in both modes. Yet, application of calibration...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7245

A Comparison of Methodologies for Valuing Decreased Health Effects from Wildfire Smoke
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   Leslie; Loomis,   John B.; Champ,   Patricia A.
Wildfire seasons are becoming longer and more intense throughout the world, making it increasingly important to monetize the full damages caused by wildfires when analyzing various fire management policies. We estimate the economic costs of the health effects associated with exposure to wildfire smoke using a simple cost of illness approach and for the first time to our knowledge we estimate willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a decrease in symptom days from wildfire smoke using the contingent valuation method and the averting behavior method. Comparing estimates across all three common approaches for estimating the economic cost of exposure to an air pollutant is an important contribution to the literature. This study uses data from the largest wildfire in Los...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Averting behavior method; Contingent valuation method; Cost of illness; Wildfire smoke; Health; Morbidity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Q.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61252

A COMPARISON OF NUTRIENT APPLICATION TRENDS ON LIVESTOCK FARMS IN CORN AND COTTON GROWING REGIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nehring,   Richard F.; Christensen,   Lee A.; O'Donoghue,   Erik J.; Sandretto,   Carmen L.
Recent trends in livestock concentration suggest that there may be an increasing risk of water pollution from manure applications. These trends in livestock operations may be offsetting improvements in commercial fertilizer management that have the potential to reduce the risk of water pollution. This conclusion was derived by tracking excess nutrient trends between 1996 and 2002 and by examining measures of economic performance for livestock farms. First, a link was established between the expansion of AFOs (Animal Feeding Operations) and excess nutrients from commercial fertilizer and manure sources. Second, technical efficiency was measured in order to identify whether technical efficiency explains structural change and in order to see whether...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34764

A COMPARISON OF SUSTAINABLE AND CONVENTIONAL FARMERS IN NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sell,   Randall S.; Goreham,   Gary A.; Youngs,   George A., Jr.; Watt,   David L.
Interviews and mail-out/mail-back surveys were conducted in 1992 with 38 conventional and 41 sustainable North Dakota farmers. The results emphasize the differences and similarities of these two types of farmers.  Sustainable farms had more diverse cropping practices and were more likely to raise alternative crops like alfalfa, buckwheat, hay, millet, oats, and rye than conventional farmers.  Conventional farmers were more likely to raise traditional crops like barley, sugar beets, sunflowers, and spring wheat. Conventional farmers averaged substantially higher crop yields than sustainable farmers.  Three-fourths of the sustainable farmers raised livestock compared with one-half of the conventional farmers. Conventional farmers had greater equity, assets,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable farms; Conventional farms; Organic; North Dakota; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23104

A comparison of the economic and environmental performances of conventional and organic farming: evidence from financial statements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Argiles,   Josep M.; Brown,   Nestor Duch.
While conventional farming systems face serious problems of sustainability, organic agriculture is seen as a more environmentally friendly system since it favours renewable resources, recycles nutrients, uses the environment’s own systems for controlling pests and diseases, sustains ecosystems, protects soils, and reduces pollution. At the same time organic farming promotes animal welfare, the use of natural foodstuffs, product diversity and the avoidance of waste, among other practices. However, the future of organic agriculture will depend on its economic viability and on the determination shown by governments to protect these practices. This paper performs panel regressions with a sample of Catalan farms (Spain) to test the influence of organic farming...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Conventional farming; Social/environmental/financial performance; Social and environmental accounting; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q01; Q12; Q51; M41.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118577

A Competing Risks Model of Land Use Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Towe,   Charles A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dependent competing risks; Land conversion; Real options; Hazard models; Preservation easements; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103725

A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Agricultural Economic and Environmental Tradeoffs in the Central Nebraska Basins Using Field-Level Area Study Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lakshminarayan,   P.G.; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Mitchell,   Paul D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18373

A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING FOR INDIVIDUAL FARMS;  Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Destro,   Stefano.
The objective of this paper is to provide a framework of accounting to allow the evaluation and comparison of both conventional and traditional agriculture by accounting for both traditional market transactions and the environmental resources and changes in those resources.  Even if a study estimates the value of the change in the resource inventory, the correction to the farmer's financial condition is not made in an explicit way.  Again, the study by Faeth et al. makes a strong contribution to the need to have such an accounting system for farms.  Farmers should be interested in this information because it is their own backyard where they are working, living and using their own assets.  We start with a brief review of the work done with national accounts...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14369

A CONTINUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION POLICY: THE CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.; Schulz,   Mary A.; Schweikhardt,   David B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11519

A COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF ACTIONS TO REDUCE STREAM TEMPERATURE AT THE WATERSHED SCALE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mooney,   Sian; Eisgruber,   Ludwig M.
A cost-effectiveness frontier is developed to compare economic and environmental tradeoffs associated with planting a riparian buffer to reduce stream temperature at the watershed scale.  Results indicate that total welfare change and its distribution among sectors vary between scenarios.  The policy selected may differ if riparian plantings are voluntary rather than mandatory.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20891

A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE FARMING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ikerd,   John E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28824

A DECOMPOSITION APPROACH TO ASSESS ILUC RESULTS FROM GLOBAL MODELING EFFORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Witzke,   Heinz Peter; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Gay,   Stephan Hubertus; Golub,   Alla A.; Havlik,   Petr; Msangi,   Siwa; Tokgoz,   Simla; Searchinger,   Timothy D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91430

A Description of Voluntary Policy Methods for Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parminter,   Terry G.
The voluntary policies being used by local authorities to deliver Resource Management Act outcomes are considered nonstatutory policy methods under the Act, which does not define them or describe how they might be selected and implemented. One economist has been able to list over 50 different economic methods. A similar list has not been available for policy agents interested in drawing upon the rich and extensive experience of people in other disciplines such as agricultural extension and social marketing. Applied literature in a number of social science disciplines has been used in this paper to put such a list together. The author describes possible voluntary policy methods including those associated with adult learning, communication, networking and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96950

A DISCRETE SPACE URBAN MODEL WITH ENVIRONMENTAL AMENITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tajibaeva,   Liaila; Haight,   Robert G.; Polasky,   Stephen.
This paper analyzes the effects of providing environmental amenities associated with open space in a discrete space urban model. The discrete space model assumes distinct neighborhoods in which developable land is homogeneous within a neighborhood but heterogeneous across neighborhoods. We solve for equilibrium allocation of development, prices and welfare given a pattern of open space provision. We also analyze the optimal provision of open space across neighborhoods. In equilibrium, housing density and price in a neighborhood is increasing in the amount of open space provided in that neighborhood. Whether housing density and prices in other neighborhoods increases or decreases depends on whether the push from reduced availability of developable land in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21907

A Dynamic Principal-Agent Model of Human-Mediated Aquatic Species Invasions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moore,   Rebecca; MacPherson,   Alexander J.; Provencher,   Bill.
This paper presents an integrated ecological and economic model of aquatic plant species invasions in which resource users are the primary vector of species colonization. A random utility model of boater behavior is combined with ecological information about the invader and the landscape to form a dynamic principal-agent model in which the principal is a manager concerned with the interseasonal spread of invasive species across lakes, and agents are recreational boaters making a series of intraseasonal trip decisions to maximize random utility during the course of the season. Agent behavior is sensitive to both the degradation of environmental quality on colonized lakes and the actions taken by resource managers to control the spread of the invasive...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12684

A Farm Level Economic Analysis of Wildlife Habitat Buffers in Missouri
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carpenter,   Brent.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37773

A Farm-level Economic Analysis of Wildlife Habitat Buffers in Missouri
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zimmel,   Peter; Carpenter,   Brent.
This study estimates the financial outcome of participation in Habitat Buffers for Upland Birds for three representative farms over a ten year period.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42180

A fenntartható fejlődés kérdései a Gyöngyösi kistérség településein
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baják,   Imre; Torcsvari,   Zsolt.
A kutatás célja a fenntarthatóság lokális, helyi (kistérségi, települési) megvalósítási lehetőségeinek, megoldási módjainak, ellentmondásainak és akadályainak feltárása. A kérdőíves vizsgálat az önkormányzatoknál és a lakosságnál is ismerethiányt és gyenge kezdeményezőkészséget jelzett. Igaz, napjainkban Magyarországon a fenntarthatóságot kormányzati és helyi szinten sem kezelik jelentőségének megfelelő helyen, s a nemzeti stratégia is csak 2007-re készült el. Útmutatók és esettanulmányok híján az önkormányzatok is csak tapogatóznak, és a lakosság sincsen tisztában a nemzetközi kezdeményezés jelentőségével. A törvényi háttér csak azt rögzíti, hogy a helyi hatóságok részt vehetnek ilyen stratégiák készítésében, de nem fogalmaz meg kötelezettségeket,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fenntarthatóság; Fenntarthatósági stratégia; Lokális szint; Önkormányzatok; Civil szféra; Sustainability; Sustainability strategy; Local level; Municipal Governments; NGOs; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92528

A fenntartható fejlődést szolgáló paradigma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meszaros,   Sandor.
Az uralkodó neoklasszikus paradigma alapján a 20. század második felében a gazdasági növekedés a várható klímaváltozás, a Föld természeti erőforrásai és a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek figyelembevétele nélkül ment végbe. Erre a helyzetre szolgált válaszul a fenntarthatóság koncepciója, amely az utóbbi két évtizedben globális mozgalommá vált, és nemzeti alkalmazkodási stratégiák kidolgozásához vezetett. A gazdaság működésére azonban igazán új paradigma mégsem született, bár a köz¬gazdaságtan a komplexitás irányába látszik fejlődni. Az új (transzdiszciplináris) paradigma eddigi hiánya ellenére a szükséges változások irányai már felismerhetők: a fosszilis energiaforrások mielőbbi helyettesítése és az erdőgazdaság kiemelt kezelése (Low Carbon Economy), valamint...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Gazdasági paradigmák; Fenntarthatóság; Klímaváltozás; Globalizáció; Modellezés; Economic paradigms; Sustainability; Climate change; Globalisation; Modelling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99116

A fenntarthatóság felé való átmenet lehetőségei Magyarországon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palvolgyi,   Tamas; Csete,   Maria.
A Kárpát-medence páratlan természeti kincseit számos veszély fenyegeti. E veszély elhárítására adhat megoldást a fenntartható fejlődés, melynek ugyan az elmúlt négy évtizedben széles körű szakirodalma jött létre, de világszerte gyengék a gyakorlati eredményei. A jelen tanulmány a gyakorlati megvalósítás, a fenntarthatóság felé való átmenet magyar útját vizsgálja a következő feltételek megvalósításával: 1. Illeszkedés egy hosszabb távú nemzetstratégiai tervhez az átmenet alap-feltételeként. 2. A társadalom fenntarthatóság iránti igényének felkeltése.  3. A magyar gazdaság szuverenitását több, egymással is összefüggő függőségi helyzet gyengíti. A fenntarthatóság gazdasági feltételrendszere érdekében, a helyi adottságokat figyelembe vevő lokális gazdaság...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Fenntartható fejlődés; Átmenet a fenntarthatóság felé; Társadalmi és gazdasági feltételrendszer; Térségi fenntarthatóság; Sustainable development; Transition to sustainability; Social and economic conditions; Regional sustainability; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119926

A fenntarthatóság kistérségi modellje
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dinya,   Laszlo.
A tanulmányban felvázoljuk a fenntartható kistérség megvalósításának a modelljét, melynek kiindulópontja az, hogy az összefüggések rendszerében megjelenő globális kihívásokra komplex módon megfogalmazott lokális válaszok szükségesek. A kistérségi fenntarthatósági modell öt pillére a helyi társadalom, a gazdaság, az infrastruktúra, az intézményrendszer és a természeti környezet. Mindegyik pillérhez négy-négy részterület tartozik, amelyekben egymással összehangolt fejlesztési programok szükségesek a kistérségi fenntarthatóság érdekében. A megvalósítás feltételezi a helyi és központi erőforrások összekapcsolt mobilizálását és hosszú távon megtervezett, levezényelt lépéssor végrehajtását. A modell stratégiai alkalmazását célzó fókuszcsoportos tesztelés – a...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Helyi fenntarthatóság; Komplex modell; Alulról szerveződés; Stratégiai megvalósítás; Local sustainability; Complex model; Bottom-up organizing; Strategic implementation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119927

A fenntarthatóság mérése az erdőgazdaságban
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Somogyi,   Zoltan.
A fenntarthatóság mérése, de definiálása is nehézkes a jövőre vonatkozó feltételezések bizonytalansága miatt. Korlátozott következtetések vonhatók le pl. a „kereslet és kínálat” összehasonlításának elvén alapuló, egyre közismertebb ökológiai lábnyomból, vagy más, a fenntarthatóság bizonyos aspektusait részletesebben jellemző indikátorok tényleges értékeinek és az előre elvárt értékek összevetéséből. Ilyen, fejlődő, korlátozott lehetőségeket nyújtó indikátorrendszer jött létre az erdőgazdálkodásban. A rendszer használatát nagymértékben korlátozza, hogy megalapozatlan az, hogy hány, illetve mennyire specifikus vagy mennyire aggregált indikátorokat alkalmaznak, és hogy az indikátorok mért értékeit hogyan értelmezik. Emiatt az indikátorértékek értelmezésében...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fenntartható fejlődés; Erdőgazdálkodás; Fenntarthatósági indikátor; Bioindikátor; Sustainable development; Forest management; Sustainability indicator; Bioindicator; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92482

A Flexible Inventory Model for MSW Recycling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Louis,   Garrick; Shih,   Jhih-Shyang.
Most of the United States have laws mandating the recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW). In order to comply, municipalities recycle quotas of materials, without regard to fluctuating prices. An inventory system is proposed that allows municipalities to be sensitive to materials prices as they recycle in accordance with state mandates. A dynamic model is developed; it uses historical secondary material prices as exogenous inputs to minimize the net present value of MSW recycling system cost. The model provides a cost-effective method for municipalities to achieve their MSW recycling targets. The savings is approximately $1.43 per ton of MSW generated based on total MSW management costs of $13.5 per ton. The model also allows one to investigate the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Municipal solid waste; Recycling; Inventory; Optimization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10459

A Foot and Mouth Disease Induced Model of US Excess Supply of Beef
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Ofori-Boadu,   Victor; Salifou,   Samaila.
Agriculture is a vulnerable sector of the U.S economy, accounting for 13% of Gross Domestic Product and 15% of employment.  It produces quality cheap food for domestic consumption and accounts for more than $65 billion in export revenues.  Contagious animal diseases like Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) are often referred to as economic diseases because of the magnitude of harm they cause producers, local communities and the consequences in international trade.  Losses from the 2001 FMD outbreak in the United Kingdom are estimated at $10.7 to $11.7 billion. The total cost of an FMD outbreak is the sum of eradication cost, production losses, and the loss of exports.   This paper examines the export effects of a bioterrorist attack such as the introduction of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Excess supply; FMD; Beef prices; Bioterrorism; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46053

A framework for analyzing socioeconomic, health and environmental impacts of wastewater use in agriculture in developing countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hussain,   Intizar; Raschid,   Liqa; Hanjra,   Munir A.; Marikar,   Fuard; van der Hoek,   Wim.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Waste water management; Environmental degradation; Waterborne diseases; Water quality; Irrigation practices; Aquaculture; Economic analysis; Social aspects; Health; Environmental aspects; Agriculture; Developing countries; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92775

A FRAMEWORK FOR THE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kutschukian,   Jean-Marc.
Economists, especially agricultural economists, have undertaken extensive analysis of the gains of technological-based scientific research. This is in stark contrast to the efforts undertaken to understand the economic effects of environmental scientific research. Economic evaluation of environmental science is important because knowledge-based government agencies are regularly required to justify their research expenditure and set clear priorities for their research programmes. This paper addresses the gap in the literature by offering a general framework for evaluating environmental scientific research. The paper is structured around two themes central to appraisals of environmental research: (a) the non-market nature of environmental outcomes; and (b)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6026

A Game Theoretic Approach to Analyse Cooperation between Rural Households in Northern Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerichhausen,   M.; Berkhout,   Ezra D.; Hamers,   H.J.M; Manyong,   Victor M.
To improve the livelihood of the poor in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) much attention has been paid to the development of new agricultural technologies. We hypothesize that farmers can also improve their livelihood through cooperation. Partial cooperation, in which knowledge is shared or bargaining power improved, is relatively common in SSA, while cooperation where all resources are fully shared, which we address, has rarely been investigated. An important pre-requisite to establish such cooperation, is the need for a fair division rule for the gains of the cooperation. This paper combines linear programming and cooperative game theory to model the effects of cooperation of (individual) households on income and farm plans. Linear programming establishes...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cooperations; Linear Programming; Nigeria; Livelihood; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52146

A General Summary of Groundwater Conditions in South Georgia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McLemore,   William H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60342

A generic template for FSSIM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Louhichi,   Kamel; Flichman,   Guillermo; Blanco Fonseca,   Maria.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57463

A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT ORGANIZATION (GEO) AND THE WORLD TRADING SYSTEM: PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
This paper traces the evolution of the debate over a GEO, and analyzes its problems and opportunities in the world trading system. It first considers the genesis of proposals for a GEO, and provides a short historical account. Second, it offers one view of what a GEO might entail. The next two sections offer a brief summary of some of the main arguments for and against such a body. The fifth section discusses issues of implementation, and the relationship between a GEO and existing institutions with environmental or trade responsibilities, such as UNEP and the WTO. It also considers whether a GEO should be built up incrementally, or whether a 'grand stroke' would be more effective in establishing it. The sixth section takes up three related issues: the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14448

A Global Land Use and Biomass Approach to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Fossil Fuel Use and to Preserve Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Riedacker,   Arthur.
As average growth consumptions per capita and world population will continue to grow, the promotion of sustainable developments during the next half a century implies to take into account environmental aspects, local potentialities and futures changes in population as well climatic, economic and social factors. At the global level, land and fossil fuel availability per capita, capacity of absorption of greenhouse gas emissions are considered the most important environmental factors. Whereas at local levels are to be considered preservation or improvement of soil fertility, of water regimes, of quality of air, soil and water. Biodiversity must be taken into account at both levels to cope also with climate change. But as underlined by IPCC lead authors, up...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse Gas Emission; Fossil Fuel; Biodiversity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9551

A Global Map of Costal Recreation Values: Results From a Spatially Explicit Based Meta-Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghermandi,   Andrea; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
The welfare dimension of the recreational services provided by global coastal ecosystems is examined through a meta-analytical regression-based valuation approach.  First, we construct a global, state-of-the-art database of stated and revealed preference estimates on coastal recreation, which includes also the grey literature and with the latest entry updated to February 2010. Second, the profile of each of the 253 observations of our dataset, which correspond to individual value estimates, was further enriched with characteristics of the built coastal environment (site accessibility, anthropogenic pressure, level of human development), characteristics of the natural coastal environment (presence of protected area, type of ecosystem,  and marine...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Built Coastal Environment; Natural Coastal Environment; Ecosystem Service Valuation; Geographic Information Systems; Mapping Ecosystem Values; Marine Biodiversity; Scaling up; Spatial Analysis; Spatial Economic Valuation; Value Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; C53; Q26; Q57; R12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108205

A Good Opening: The Key to Make the Most of Unilateral Climate Action
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; De Cian,   Enrica.
In this paper we argue that when a subgroup of countries cooperate on emission reduction, the optimal response of non-signatory countries reflects the interaction between three potentially opposing factors, the incentive to free-ride on the benefits of cooperation, the incentive to expand the demand of fossil fuels, and the incentive to adopt cleaner technologies introduced by the coalition. Using an Integrated Assessment Model with a game theoretic structure we find that cost-benefit considerations would lead OECD countries to undertake a moderate, but increasing abatement effort (in line with the pledges subscribed in Copenhagen). Even if emission reductions are moderate, OECD countries find it optimal to allocate part of their resources to energy...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology Spillovers; Climate Change; Partial Cooperation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q55; C72.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119104

A GROUP INCENTIVE CONTRACT TO PROMOTE ADOPTION OF BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: DeVuyst,   Eric A.; Ipe,   Viju C.
The control of agricultural nonpoint source pollution is emerging as a priority of state and national pollution control programs. Best management practices (BMPs) are often proposed as a method of control. Many BMPs are perceived by farmers as having economic disadvantages when compared to conventional management systems. In the absence of tougher environmental restrictions on farmer behavior and complete observability of individual farmer actions, it may be necessary to provide economic incentives to encourage farmer adoption of BMPs within environmentally sensitive watersheds. This study investigates the use of a group incentive contract to encourage adoption of BMPs. The idea behind the group incentive contract is to compensate farmers for actual...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30803

A GROUP INCENTIVE PROGRAM FOR FARMER ADOPTION OF BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: AN APPLICATION TO THE NITRATE POLLUTION PROBLEM IN CENTRAL ILLINOIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ipe,   Viju C.; DeVuyst,   Eric A.
The paper demonstrates a group incentive program to encourage farmer adoption of best management practices.  It is demonstrated that the best management practices may not actually reduce farm profits but may increase farm profits and reduce environmental pollution.  This may bring about a win-win situation for sponsor, the farmer participating in the program, and  the society as a whole.  The results show that the farmers subjective beliefs about response of corn yields and profits to nitrogen application differ from the simulated responses which in turn results in the willingness-to-Accept for adoption best management practices significantly higher than the expected program payments.    The program could be implemented as an educational effort to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Group incentive; Adoption; Best management practices; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21704

A GSD ESTIMATION OF THE RELATIVE WORTH OF COVER CROPS IN COTTON PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giesler,   G. Grant; Paxton,   Kenneth W.; Millhollon,   E.P.
Cover crops can help reduce the negative environmental impacts of cotton production. Using time series yield data, this study utilizes generalized stochastic dominance to evaluate the relative worth, via risk premiums, of three cover crop and two conventional production systems based on expected net returns of each system and decision maker risk attitude. Results indicate, within the limitation of the study, two cover crop regimes possess a high degree of dominance over conventional systems. Determination of the dominant regime depends upon the risk attitude of a specific decision maker. This research suggests cover crop production systems may be feasible alternatives to conventional practices.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30821

A hazai húsmarhatartás környezeti értékelése és externáliáinak vizsgálata benchmarking módszerrel
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bakosne Borocz,   Maria; Fogarassy,   Csaba.
Benchmarking alkalmazásával vizsgáltuk a hazánkban alkalmazott marhatartási technológiákat annak érdekében, hogy valamilyen módon az externális hatásokat be lehessen mutatni. A vizsgálataink eredménye, hogy a hagyományos technológia mellett található a legtöbb negatív externália, míg az extenzív, és az ökológiai tartásmód externális, valamint környezeti szempontból is a legjobb megoldást jelenti. ------------------------------ In our study we reviewed the conditions of extensive agricultural farming and its benefits based on environmental criteria. Furthermore we examined its external effects, which may affect the agriculture and the meat cattle breeding. Beef fattening, when done intensively, can cause huge environmental problems which may cause negative...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Húsmarha; Extenzív; Benchmarkig; Környezet; Externália; Beef cattle; Extensive; Benchmarking; Environment; Externalities; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119900

A Hedonic Price Analysis for the New Zealand Wine Industry: Preliminary Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bicknell,   Kathryn; Friesen,   Lana; MacDonald,   Ian.
This paper presents preliminary results from a hedonic price analysis of premium wines in New Zealand over the vintages 1994 – 2003. Implicit prices are presented for a sensory quality rating, as well as wine variety and regional reputation. Results show that the price premium associated with Michael Cooper's five-star quality rating is highly significant and increasing in magnitude over the study period. Trends in regional and varietal preferences are also explored.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hedonic pricing; New Zealand wine; Quality; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98502

A Herculean Task? Economics, Politics, and Realigning Government in the Case of U.S. Polar-Orbiting Weather Satellites
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.
In 1994 one of the most radical institutional restructurings in the U.S. government's provision of critical weather information took place after eight unsuccessful attempts. A presidential decision directive merged weather data collection by satellites operated by the Department of Defense for military operations and satellites operated by the Department of Commerce for civilian weather forecasting. Such radical restructuring involving government agencies with different objectives, economic constraints, and operating cultures is rare. This paper reviews the decision that led to "convergence," discusses economic arguments advanced for the merger, and finds that the problem of an incomplete contract, from the perspective of contract theory, is the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Weather economics; Space economics; Value of information; Government policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; O32; Q00.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10539

A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY BASED ON PLURALISTIC STEWARDSHIP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrett,   Christopher B.; Grizzle,   Raymond E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28367

A Hybrid Approach to the Valuation of Climate Change Effects on Ecosystem Services: Evidence from the European Forests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ding,   Helen; Silvestri,   Silvia; Chiabai,   Aline; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
In this paper we present a systematic attempt to assess economic value of climate change impact on forest ecosystems and human welfare. In the present study, climate change impacts are downscaled to the different European countries, which in turn constitute the elements of our analysis. First, we anchor the valuation exercise in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) Approach and therefore the link between the different forest ecosystem goods and services, including provisioning, regulating and cultural services, human well-being and climate change. Second, climate change is operationalized by exploring the different storylines developed by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and applied, downscaled, for each of the European countries under...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wood Products; Biodiversity; Climate Change; Market and Non-market Valuation Methods; Ecosystem Goods and Services; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61373

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ECONOMIA E DA CONTABILIDADE NA GESTÃO DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS – ESTUDO DE CASO NO SUDOESTE GOIANO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carvalho,   Antonio Manoel Rezende De; Aguiar,   Maria Do Amparo Albuquerque.
Para que seja sustentável, o desenvolvimento deve conciliar o crescimento econômico com a conservação dos ecossistemas, o que impõe um amplo debate entre governantes e sociedade, para que percebam a relação entre as ações do homem e o meio ambiente. Nesse processo, faz-se necessário o uso de um sistema que integre aspectos sociais, ambientais e econômicos – uma combinação da educação ambiental, formação de profissionais multidisciplinares, evoluções científicas e tecnológicas, decisão política, revisão do arcabouço jurídico. Tudo isto deve ser conjugado com o desenvolvimento da ciência econômica e da contabilidade. Diante da amplitude do tema, este trabalho se concentrou nos recursos hídricos (RH), que, em razão de sua diversidade de usos e do crescimento...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos; Contabilidade Ambiental; Economia Ambiental; Management Hydrological Resources; Environmental Accountancy; Environmental Economy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109200

A Joint Framework for Analysis of Agri-Environmental Payment Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cooper,   Joseph C.
This paper presents an approach for simultaneously estimating farmers' decisions to accept incentive payments in return for adopting a bundle of environmentally benign management practices. Using the results of a multinomial probit analysis of surveys of over 1,000 farmers facing ten adoption decisions in an EQIP-type program, we show how the farmers' perceptions of the desirability of various bundles changes with the offer amounts and with which practices are offered in the program.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Incentive payments; EQIP; Simulated multivariate normal; Multinomial probit; Simulated maximum likelihood estimation; Best management practices; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20493

A KÖRNYEZETVÉDELMI JELLEGŰ ADÓK VIZSGÁLATA A FENNTARTHATÓ GAZDÁLKODÁS VONATKOZÁSÁBAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sipos,   Nikoletta.
Centre of my paper is critical analyse of the economics-policy’s appliances of the environmental economics. Next important aspect is analyse of the necessary and methods of administrative regulation. During my research I looked for the answer if such kind of relations can be seen in Hungary at the moment between the introduced environment protection related fees means taxes and the single economic phenomenon. Furthermore if the dual profit of the environmental tax reforms exists or not. As part of my investigations I observed the effect of the environment protection product fee and the fee for environmental loads on the economic growth, on the number of employees and unemployed and on the behavior of the budget deficit in the time interval between 1996 and...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Környezetgazdaságtan; Adóreform; Összefüggés vizsgálatok; Environmental economics; Tax-reform; Correlation analyses; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Political Economy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43332

A Laboratory Investigation of Compliance Behavior under Tradable Emissions Rights: Implications for Targeted Enforcement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murphy,   James J.; Stranlund,   John K.
This paper uses laboratory experiments to test the theoretical observations that both the violations of competitive risk-neutral firms and the marginal effectiveness of increased enforcement across firms are independent of differences in their abatement costs and their initial allocations of permits. This conclusion has important implications for enforcing emissions trading programs because it suggests that regulators have no justification for targeting their enforcement effort based on firm-level characteristics. Consistent with the theory, we find that subjects' violations were independent of parametric differences in their abatement costs. However, those subjects that were predicted to buy permits tended to have higher violation levels than those who...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14513

A Learning Model of Technology Transfer for the Kiwifruit Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parminter,   Terry G.; Max,   Shane.
In July 2003, ZESPRI International merged the Technology Transfer team that had historically been focused on achieving uptake of new technologies with ZESPRI Innovation, the team that had been responsible for the development of new technologies. This change has combined skills in research, development and extension into a single, co-ordinated grouping to improve grower profitability through a greater contribution to supply chain developments and grower learning. The Industry Development strategy of ZESPRI Innovation is based upon a model of industry learning. The model takes into account the needs of a range of stakeholders in the supply chain, the technologies, the necessity for the industry to have clear market signals, and the different learning styles...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97784

A Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) Comparison between Conventional and Biotech Sweet Corn
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Popp,   Michael P.; Niederman,   Zara; Thompson,   Jada.
Replaced with revised version of poster 07/19/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Life Cycle Analysis; Greenhouse Gas; Sweet corn; Biotech; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103680

A Meaningful U.S. Cap-and-Trade System to Address Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cap-and-Trade System; Carbon Dioxide; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Global Climate Change; Carbon Taxes; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q540; Q280; Q380; Q480; Q580.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44469

A Measure to Compare Matchings in Marriage Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Biermann,   Florian M.
In matching markets the number of blocking pairs is often used as a criterion to compare matchings. We argue that this criterion is lacking an economic interpretation: In many circumstances it will neither reflect the expected extent of partner changes, nor will it capture the satisfaction of the players with the matching. As an alternative, we set up two principles which single out a particularly “disruptive” subcollection of blocking pairs. We propose to take the cardinality of that subset as a measure to compare matchings. This cardinality has an economic interpretation: the subset is a justified objection against the given matching according to a bargaining set characterization of the set of stable matchings. We prove multiple properties relevant for a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Stable Marriage Problem; Matching; Blocking Pair; Instability; Matching  Comparison; Decentralized Market; Bargaining Set; Environmental Economics and Policy; C0.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108250

A megújuló és a fosszilis energiahordozók szerepe Magyarországon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magda,   Robert.
A magyar gazdaság energiaszükségletében meghatározóak a fosszilis eredetű tüzelőanyagok – kőolaj, földgáz, kőszén, illetve ezek származékai –, amelyek kimerülőben vannak, így növelik függőségünket, károsítják környezetünket. Ezért fokozott figyelmet kell fordítani az alternatív energiaforrásokra, amelyekről ma még az a véleményünk, hogy kimeríthetetlenek, kevésbé károsítják Földünket. A kutatók számára ma az jelent feladatot, hogy ezen erőforrások felhasználásának korlátait felkutassák, feltárják. Az előrelépés egyik tényezője a finanszírozásban keresendő, mert annak ellenére, hogy mintegy évtizede az aktuális kormányok folyamatosan hirdetik részarányuk növelésének szükségességét, a megfelelő – a társadalom nagy többsége számára elérhető – támogatási...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Fosszilis és megújuló energiahordozók; Szűkösség; Fenntarthatóság; Fossil and renewable resources; Scarcity; Sustainability; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119897

A META-ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE STUDIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cavlovic,   Therese A.; Baker,   Kenneth H.; Berrens,   Robert P.; Gawande,   Kishore.
An understanding of the empirical relationship between income and environmental quality is evolving through recent studies investigating the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). The EKC represents an inverted-U relationship between income and environmental degradation. However, studies may employ different methods, evaluate different environmental indicators, and use different data, resulting in a broad spectrum of findings and leading to sometimes conflicting interpretations. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the results of existing EKC findings by conducting a statistical meta-analysis, and to predict new income turning points (ITP). Results indicate how both methodological choices and pollutant types affect ITPs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31330

A method for evaluating the extent to which farm subsidies can be de-coupled before profitable arable land is abandoned in the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fraser,   Rob W.
This paper evaluates concerns over the "abandonment of production" in the context of the recent CAP reform as it applies to the arable sector. The particular focus of the evaluation is on the extent to which the proposed "single farm payment" can be de-coupled from production and yet avoid the abandonment of land on which production is expected to be profitable. An analytical framework is developed which indicates the most important non-policy factors are the profitability of the land, the variability of yield and the grower's degree of risk aversion. The conclusion of a numerical analysis using this framework is that 85% de-coupling is unlikely to lead to abandonment of land in any arable region of the EU, and that 95% de-coupling is also unlikely to lead...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58448

A METHOD FOR INCLUDING IN PMP MODELS ACTIVITIES NON-EXISTENT IN THE BASELINE SITUATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Judez,   Lucinio; de Andres,   Rosario; Ibanez,   M.; Urzainqui,   Elvira.
When working with positive mathematical programming (PMP) models it is generally admitted that it is not possible to consider in the modeled unit activities that are not present in the baseline situation of the unit.  This constitutes a considerable drawback for traditional PMP techniques which cannot be applied in specific cases, in particular to the study of the impact of new agri-environmental programs that subsidize crops grown with technologies different to those applied in the baseline situation.  This paper presents a method for dealing with these cases, which can be easily implemented as an extension of the traditional calibration techniques of PMP.  The method is applied to a specific problem, using modified calibration expressions derived from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Positive mathematical programming extensions; Agri-environmental measures; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44243

A method to identify and evaluate the legal and institutional framework for the management of water and land in Asia: the outcome of a study in Southeast Asia and  the People’s Republic of China.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hannam,   Ian.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water management; Land management; Legal aspects; Environmental policy; China; Laos; Bangladesh; Philippines; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52970

A Methodological Approach to the Spatial Aggregation of Values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Concu,   Giovanni B.; Schilizzi,   Steven.
A Choice Modelling (CM) experiment is developed with the purpose of gaining some insight on how to identify the relevant population for the valuation of an environmental asset. The experiment is based on a survey of Perth residents over the values they attach to Kings Park, the largest urban park in Western Australia, 4/5 of which is native bushland. We design the experiment in order to isolate NUVs form UVs so that trade-offs between attributes of the asset imply tradeoffs between Use Values, Non-Use Values and money. One can then estimate the coefficients for each attribute and analyse the effect of distance on patterns of use. Preliminary results are obtained using data from a pre-survey trial of the questionnaire.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57849

A Methodological Framework to Design and Assess Food Traceability Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bendaoud,   Mhamed; Lecomte,   Catherine; Yannou,   Bernard.
The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review is published quarterly by IFAMA. www.ifama.org
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Traceability; Food tracing; Food safety; Performance system; Information system; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; L66; Q.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120861

A Methodology for Assessing National Sustainable Development Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cherp,   Aleg; George,   Clive; Kirkpatrick,   Colin.
At the Rio Earth Summit of 1992, governments undertook to develop and adopt national sustainable development strategies as a key component of implementing the goals of Agenda 21. Only partial progress was reported at the 2002 World Summit in Johannesburg, with uncertainty as to the effectiveness of those strategies that had been introduced. This paper describes a methodology for assessing a country's progress in implementing a national sustainable development strategy for (NSDS) and for identifying potential areas for improvement. Five key principles of sustainable development and strategic planning are identified, and a set of assessment criteria are proposed for each principle. The results of applying the methodology in two Eastern European countries,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Strategic planning; National sustainable development strategies; Transition countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30577

A Methodology for Assessing the Effectiveness of National Sustainable Development Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: George,   Clive; Kirkpatrick,   Colin.
At the Rio Earth Summit of 1992, governments undertook to develop and adopt national sustainable development strategies, as a key component of implementing the goals of Agenda 21. Only partial progress was reported at the 2002 World Summit in Johannesburg, with uncertainty in the effectiveness of those strategies which had been introduced. This paper describes a methodology for assessing the extent to which a country may be considered to have implemented an effective sustainable development strategy, with the prime aim of identifying weaknesses that need to be addressed. The methodology concentrates on evaluating those strategic planning processes that are operational in a country, taking into account any existing overall strategy document related to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30582

A METODOLOGIA DA PRODUÇÃO MAIS LIMPA EM EMPRESAS RURAIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Silva,   Ana Maria Navaes Da; Albuquerque,   Jose de Lima; Silva,   Elizandro Souza Da; Da Silva,   Rosineide Vieira; Santos,   Cleidijane Siqueira.
O objetivo desse artigo é mostrar que a metodologia da Produção Mais Limpa pode ser aplicada em empresas rurais assim como é implementada pelo setor industrial. No modo de produção atual do setor primário e industrial existem pelo menos duas características comuns a ambos, são elas: o desperdício de matérias-primas e de energia. O anseio de minimizar ou eliminar as causas e os efeitos desta situação são os principais objetivos da Produção Mais Limpa. Este trabalho procurou realizar uma pesquisa através da coleta de dados secundários em periódicos, artigos técnicos e bibliografia especializada sobre a contribuição da metodologia da produção mais limpa para a eficiência e eficácia das empresas rurais. Percebeu-se que as empresas, ao adotarem esse modelo de...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Produção mais limpa; Qualidade total; Metodologia; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102891

A mezőgazdaságban keletkező biomassza energetikai hasznosításának agrárgazdasági megközelítése
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molnar,   Andras.
A gazdálkodás ökonómiai kérdéseivel foglalkozók számára a piaci csere híján fontos feladat az externáliák minél szélesebb körű számszerűsítése, mivel csak a társadalom számára jelentkező összes költség és haszon figyelembevételével lehet megítélni a mindenkori agrárpolitikát. Egyre fontosabb az, hogy milyen agrárpolitikai eszközökkel oldhatók meg a liberalizált kereskedelemmel szembeni elvárások és a nem-termék jellegű javak társadalmilag optimális kibocsátása. Ebben a kettős elvárásban a földtulajdon és földhasználat szétválása előnytelen.   -------------------------------------------    In the absence of exchange in the market, researchers into economic aspects of farming place a high emphasis on quantifying externalities to the maximum extent possible....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Externáliák; Biomassza; Energetikai felhasználás; Földhasználat; Méret-; Skála- és választékgazdaságosság; Externalities; Biomass; Use for energy production; Land use; Economies of scale; Volume and choice; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92533

A mezőgazdasági területek érzékenységének és adaptációs képességének mérési lehetőségei
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farkas-Fekete,   Maria.
A tanulmány alapvető célja az, hogy hozzájáruljon az érzékenység, sérülékenység és adaptációs képesség vizsgálatának módszertanához. A kutatások eredményei felhívják a figyelmet arra, hogy bár az európai vidék összessége egyre sérülékenyebbé válik a különböző globális kihívásokra, a veszélyeztetettség mértéke régiónként eltérő. A kutatások eredményei megerősítették az IPCC 3. jelentésében megfogalmazott hipotéziseket, melyek szerint a gazdag országok ugyanolyan veszélyeztetettség mellett is kevésbé sérülékenyek, mivel nagyobb az alkalmazkodóképességük. A klímaváltozás, amely pozitív és negatív hatást is gyakorol Európa mezőgazdaságára, módosítja az eddigi komparatív előnyöket, illetve hátrányokat. Gazdasági szempontból Dél- és Közép-Kelet-Európa minden...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fenntarthatóság; Klímaváltozás; Érzékenység; Sérülékenység; Veszélyeztetettség; Adaptáció; Sustainability; Climate change; Vulnerability; Sensitivity; Adaptability; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92481

A MIXED INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND WATERLOGGING CONTROL OPTIONS IN THE MURRAY-DARLING BASIN OF AUSTRALIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alaouze,   Chris M.; Fitzpatrick,   Campbell R.
Pollution of the River Murray by salt imposes costs on domestic and industrial users in Adelaide and to irrigators on the River Murray. Salt enters the Murray-Darling system through saline ground water aquifers and from irrigation and drainage of saline land. Irrigation and drainage generate benefits from improved agricultural productivity and impose costs through increased salt loads to the Murray-Darling system. The salinity of the River Murray can be reduced by pumping highly saline ground water into evaporation basins before it enters the River Murray. This paper presents a mixed integer linear programming model which is used to determine the mix of ground water interception schemes and land improvement schemes that minimises the net present value...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22996

A MODEL FOR THE APPRAISAL OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soliman,   Ibrahim.
Social Appraisal of Agricultural Projects
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Direct cost; External costs; External benefits; Net present value; Sensitivity analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119883

A MODEL FOR THE APPRAISAL OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soliman,   Ibrahim.
Social Appraisal of Agricultural Projects
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Direct costs; Direct Benefits. External costs; External Benefits; Net Present Value; Sensitivity Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/208995

A MODEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPROMISE BETWEEN REGULATORS AND REGULATED PARTIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hsu,   Shi-Ling.
Environmental regulations implemented by administrative agencies have often been met with fierce political resistance from regulated parties.  In some instances, regulated parties have turned to legislative and judicial bodies for relief from environmental regulation.  As these political and legal battles have escalated, several forms of compromises have evolved.  The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, in its administration of the Endangered Species Act, has often utilized the tool of "Habitat Conservation Planning" as a means by which some regulatory relief is granted in exchange for an agreement by the regulated party to undertake mitigation measures to aid endangered or threatened species.  As a further inducement for regulated parties to enter into the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20788

A MODEL OF POTENTIALLY IMMISERIZING UNILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14037

A MODEL OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS TO THE EQUINE BREEDING INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brooks,   Laura.
A deterministic model for the economic impact of African Horse Sickness (AHS) on the equine breeding industry was developed for South Africa. It was applied to the case of the 2007/2008 outbreak of AHS in the Eastern Cape as a pilot application of the model, using data from breeders in the province. It was concluded that the deterministic model’s extension to include other areas of equine livelihoods could be effective in exposing the need for further research into the control and treatment of AHS in South Africa.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: African horse sickness; Economic impact; South Africa; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107456

A Modified Environmental Kuznets Curve for Sustainable Development Assessment Using Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Costantini,   Valeria; Martini,   Chiara.
Sustainable development is a concept strictly connected with basic needs of the individuals. During the last years a number of empirical studies have tried to discover and quantify the causal relations between economic growth and environmental consumption and degradation. The most widely used empirical model is the so-called Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), nowadays applied to different polluting elements. Despite the huge diffusion of EKC studies, this model has been criticised for incompleteness of a sustainable development analysis. The aim of this paper is to build a Modified EKC (MEKC) in order to consider a wider concept of development rather than pure economic growth, including well-being aspects and sustainability of the development process....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12059

A Multiple Criteria Decision System to Improve Performance of Federal Conservation Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ozgoc-Caglar,   C. Derya; Farnsworth,   Richard L.
The Environmental Quality Incentives Program and other voluntary Federal conservation programs follow a similar approach for enrollment. Consistent with the legislation, agency personnel identify eligibility criteria, suitable conservation practices, and a process to score, rank, and select applications for funding. Our research outlines a formal multiple criteria decision analysis system that is broadly applicable to current Federal conservation programs to score, rank, and enroll applications, and distribute program funds. Then, we apply the decision system to Indiana’s EQIP program using data from 2005. The incorporation of GLEAMS model improved our estimates of water quality impacts by reintroducing the spatial heterogeneity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis; Federal Conservation Programs; Environmental Quality Incentives Program; GLEAMS; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5986

A MULTIPLE ORGANIC POLLUTANT SIMULATION/OPTIMIZATION MODEL OF INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER LOADING TO A RIVERINE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carmichael,   Jeffrey J.
A multiple organic pollutant simulation/optimization model is developed to aid policy analysis of least cost approaches to wastewater management.  Downstream impacts vary non-linearly with pollution loads due to non-linear constituent interactions.  An iterative solution method is necessary.  The model is demonstrated using a case study of the Nitra River Basin in Slovakia.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20995

A Nemzeti Vidékstratégia a mezőgazdasági vízgazdálkodás és az öntözésfejlesztés tükrében
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Biro,   Szabolcs; Kapronczai,   Istvan; Szekely,   Erika; Szucs,   Istvan.
A Nemzeti Vidékstratégiai Koncepció (Vidékfejlesztési Minisztérium, 2011) vitaanyagának előszava a természeti erőforrások felértékelődésére, a természeti környezet védelmére, valamint a mezőgazdaság és a vidék szoros kapcsolatára hívja fel a figyelmet. Ennek tükrében élelmiszerelőállítás csak a talajok, az ivóvízbázisok és a táj fenntartását eredményező, a jó környezeti állapotot és az élővilág sokszínűségét megőrző, valamint a vidéki életformát, a helyi közösségeket és kultúrát megóvó jó minőségű és biztonságos alapanyagokra épülő termelés mellett értelmezhető. Jelen vitacikk a mezőgazdasági vízhasználat vidékstratégiai vonatkozásait kívánja feltárni, felhasználva kutatási eredményeinket1 és figyelembe véve vizsgálataink alapján megfogalmazott...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Természeti erőforrások; Föld; Öntözés; Klíma; Role of natural resources; Land; Climate change; Irrigation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119906

A Net Present Value Model of Natural Gas Exploitation in Northern Alberta: An Analysis of Land Values in Woodland Caribou Ranges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hauer,   Grant; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Jagodzinski,   Robert.
This report was prepared for the purpose of providing background documentation of inputs to be used in mathematical programming models and papers, which are being prepared for our research project: Ecological and economic tradeoff analysis of conservation strategies for woodland caribou. The report presents a simple net present value model of resource and land value for natural gas in northern Alberta. The variables in the model include costs (drilling, seismic, operating and capital); geological variables (stratigraphic intervals, booked reserves, future reserves); drilling variables (well densities, drilling success rates, and drilling depths); production data and prices. Each variable is described in detail and methods of derivation are provided. A map...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Net present value; Energy reserves; Natural gas; Caribou; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q49; Q32; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91422

A new biosecurity investment decision framework to promote more efficient biosecurity policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Harley; Webster,   Stewart.
Australian governments spend millions of dollars each year on pre border, border and post border biosecurity programs. While the resourcing of some of these programs is determined by existing deeds of agreement, others, particularly in relation to environmental and social pests and diseases, fall outside of existing decision frameworks. This paper presents a new biosecurity investment decision framework based on economic principles that aims to produce more objectively determined decisions. It determines whether a role for government exists in relation to a specific problem through the application of market failure tests and then guides the user to the most efficient cost recovery mechanism. The framework is presently under active consideration for use by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biosecurity; Investment decision framework; Biosecurity policy; Market failure test; Cost recovery; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59161

A New Method for Reduction of NH3 Emissions from Pig Housing Systems by Adding Sulphuric Acid to Slurry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jensen,   Jorgen E.; Norgaard,   Nicolaj H.; Krabbe,   Henning; Pedersen,   Poul.
Effects of adding sulphuric acid to slurry by flushing the waste pits were studied in a commercial finishing unit with four identical sections. Each section included 300 pigs on fully slatted floors. Waste pits in two control sections had a pull-plug system installed for removal of slurry. The other two sections had a new developed and patented waste handling system using a sulphuric acid treatment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24321

A New Psychological Approach to Dichotomous Choice CVM.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cook,   Darron M.
This paper considers an alternative approach dichotomous choice contingent valuation (DC), referred to as the dissonance minimising format (DM). This method seeks to reduce the extent of positive bias at the formulation stage of stated preference experiments known as “yea-saying”, in order to gain a more accurate measure of respondent WTP. Both the DC and DM methodologies are applied to the case study of minesite rehabilitation within Victoria, with particular reference to the abandonment of open pits following small-scale gold mining operations. The results presented here indicate that the DM model has considerable promise for reducing yea-saying within dichotomous choice CV. The results also indicate that the community welfare loss associated with...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123795

A Nonlinear Offset Program to Reduce Nitrous Oxide Emissions Induced by Excessive Nitrogen Application
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosas,   Francisco; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Hayes,   Dermot J.
On average, U.S. farmers choose to apply nitrogen fertilizer at a rate that exceeds the ex post agronomically optimal rate. The technology underlying the yield response to nitrogen rewards producers who over apply in years when rainfall is excessive. The overapplication of nutrients has negative environmental consequences because the nitrogen that is not taken up by the plant will typically volatilize causing N2O emissions, or leach causing water pollution. We present a nonlinear offset program that induces farmers to reduce their nitrogen applications to the level that will be consumed by the plant in a typical year and, as a result, reduce N2O emissions from agriculture. The offset program is nonlinear because of the nonlinear relationship between N2O...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon offsets; Nitrogen fertilizer; Nitrous oxide; Pollution; Uncertainty; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103914

A Nonparametric Approach to The Analysis of HACCP/RMP Implementation Process
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cao,   Kay; Scrimgeour,   Frank G.
In this paper we conduct an analysis of the implementation of HACCP/RMP in the NZ Meat Industry based on the data collected from our recent survey. Nonparametric methods are used to measure the association between plant characteristics such as size, age, activities, and food safety management practices and HACCP/RMP adoption motivations, implementation problems, benefits, and costs. Results give insights into the ongoing process of mandatory RMP in New Zealand.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: HACCP/RMP implementation; New Zealand Meat Industry; Nonparametric methods; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97786

A Note on Emissions Taxes and Incomplete Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavez,   Carlos A.; Stranlund,   John K.
In contrast with what we perceive is the conventional wisdom about setting emissions taxes under uncertainty, we demonstrate that setting a uniform tax equal to expected marginal damage is not generally efficient under incomplete information about firms’ abatement costs and damages from pollution.  We show that efficient taxes will deviate from expected marginal damage if there is uncertainty about the slopes of the marginal abatement costs of regulated firms. Moreover, efficient emissions tax rates will vary across firms if a regulator can use observable firm-level characteristics to gain some information about how the firms’ marginal abatement costs vary.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions Taxes; Incomplete Information; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; L51; Q28.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42129

A note on the environmental costs of aggregates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter.
The opening of a new site for the production of aggregates has both direct and indirect impacts on the environment. The indirect impacts include changes in the environmental costs of hauling aggregates and possible changes in the level of construction activity. In this note, we show that the most likely effect of a new aggregate site is to reduce the truck miles used for aggregate hauling, which is an environmental benefit. We also show that the change in construction activity induced by a new site is likely to be extremely small.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aggregates; Building materials; Costs; Environmental aspects; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43918

A note on the performance measure of conservation auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe; Schilizzi,   Steven.
We argue that previous assessments of discriminatory-price conservation auctions may have systematically overestimated their performance relative to uniform-payment schemes due to an inappropriate counterfactual comparison. We demonstrate that the cost curve (and not the bid curve) is the relevant supply curve when a uniform payment is offered and provide a theoretically rigorous counterfactual based on that insight. We estimate that the performance of BushTender may have been overrated by more than 50%.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Procurement; Tenders; Conservation; Economic experiments; Model validation; Plus: assessment method; Agricultural policy; Environmental policy; Market-based instruments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C91; C92; D44; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100885

A Paradox for Agro-Environmental Land Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.; Feng,   Hongli.
A regulator with a fixed budget to spend on securing environmental benefits from farmed land has to choose between how many acres to enroll and the extent of benefits to require of each enrolled acre. Here we consider, given heterogeneous land, what properties of the environmental benefit-to-cost ratio imply for the choice of optimal program as the available budget varies. Conditions are found such that a program of high benefits on few acres is preferred for any budget level. It is also possible that a program delivering low benefits per acre at low cost is preferred on each land type, and yet a high benefit program is optimal policy, a variant of Simpson’s paradox.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit-to-cost ratio; Environmental policy; Land heterogeneity; Simpson’s paradox.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53934

A PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF THE LINKAGES BETWEEN ANIMAL WELFARE, TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN SCOTLAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toma,   Luiza; Ashworth,   Cheryl J.; Stott,   Alistair W.
This research analyses the impacts of a scientific advance that improves animal welfare, upon the environment and trade in Scotland using partial equilibrium (PE) modelling. The science improves pig neonatal survival through improved (high fibre) sow diets used before mating. Our model simulates the effects of animal welfare changes on the pig production systems (pig meat) and further on trade flows (trade in pig meat) and environment (water and air pollution). We consider two animal welfare simulation scenarios, namely the status quo – no animal welfare change as regards pig neonatal mortality (baseline scenario) and the case of improving pig neonatal survival (alternative scenario) and compare the impacts on trade and environment between the two...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pig Welfare; Trade; Environment; Scotland; Partial Equilibrium Model.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; Q50.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44825

A Participatory Approach to Assess the Effectiveness of Responses to Cope with Flood Risk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ceccato,   Lucia; Giannini,   Valentina; Giupponi,   Carlo.
This work illustrates the preliminary findings of a participatory research process aimed at identifying responses for sustainable water management in a climate change perspective, in two river basins in Europe and Asia. The paper describes the methodology implemented through local workshops, aimed at eliciting and evaluating possible responses to flood risk. Participatory workshops allowed for the identification of four categories of possible responses and a set of nine evaluation criteria, three for each of the three pillars of sustainable development. The main outcome of such activities consists in the ranking of broad response categories instrumental to the objective of the Brahmatwinn research project, i.e. the identification of Integrated Water...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Participatory Process; Climate Change; Flood Risk; Decision Support System; Multi Criteria Analysis; MCA; Eliciting Responses; Evaluating Responses; Integrated Water Resources Management; IWRM; Mulino Decision Support System; MDSS; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; Q01; Q54; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60662

A Perspective on Carbon Sequestration as a Strategy for Mitigating Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94501

A Pilot Program to Assist CAFOs in Using Weather Data to Minimize Manure Management Risk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Massey,   Raymond E.; Boessen,   Christian R.
This paper summarizes a pilot project to disseminate site specific weather information that has been processed to estimate field runoff potential of land applied manure.  Preliminary feedback indicate the program has value but that additional information is needed to understand how farmers use weather information to make decisions within the regulatory constraints they face.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35527

A pilot project for indigenous forest reversion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Funk,   Jason; Kerr,   Suzi; Hendy,   Joanna.
This paper describes preliminary work on establishing a pilot project for carbon sequestration. The project is intended to simulate the structure of the Permanent Forest Sinks Initiative, a program that may extend to the national level under the supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. In the process of establishing the project, we will identify opportunities and barriers for landowners to engage in the management system of “carbon farming”. We will also use the results of the process to inform policymakers of potential improvements to the Permanent Forest Sinks Initiative and to demonstrate to landowners the benefits of this management system.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98493

A Policy Tool for Evaluating Investments in Public Boat Ramps in Florida: A Random Utility Model Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomas,   Michael H.; Lupi,   Frank; Harding,   David B.
Across the country many people engage in recreational boating. In 2008 there were over 12 million registered recreational boats in the United States, and nearly 8% of these were in Florida (US Coast Guard, 2008).  Launching boats from publically available ramps is one of the primary methods of marine access.  Within Florida, nearly 25% of all boating related trips in 2007 involved launching a trailered boat from a publically available ramp (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation [FWC], 2009).  With hundreds of thousands of boating trips from dozens of publically accessible ramps, Lee County planners need analytical tools to understand demand and consumer surplus to assist them in evaluating new and enhanced launch facilities.  To accomplish this, we...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Boating demand; Ramp values; Random utility model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56531

A POLLUTION TRADING SYSTEM WITH COST ASSYMETRY: An Application to Nonpoint Source Trading in the Boone River Watershed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valcu,   Adriana M.; Kling,   Catherine L.
The goal of watershed scale analysis is to assign to each field unit the best set of agricultural practices in order to achieve a maximum outcome from both environmental and economic perspectives. Watershed physically based models linked to multiobjective optimization models can overcome the high dimensionality of watershed pollution problem. Market based instruments such as permit trading settings which consider abatement measures’ cost heterogeneity have been regarded as being superior to command and control programs. Empirical analysis reveals that when local environmental authority and farmers have different cost information, a permit trading program has the potential to offer cost savings.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103719

A Portfolio Approach for the New Zealand Multi-Species Fisheries Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yang,   Ming Ming; Sharp,   Basil M.H.; Sbai,   Erwann.
Marine species are reproducible resource. Maintaining the stock level of marine species and the sustainability of fisheries development become critical issues in current scientific research areas due to the explosion of human population and exacerbation of natural environment. The traditional method that protects the marine species is the single species approach which set maximum sustainable yield (MSY) to prevent over-harvest. However, with the development of technology and comprehension of marine science, the single species approach has been found obsolete and incapable of dealing with problems of severe depletion of fish stocks and escalation of fisheries confliction. Studies show that when regulations are species specific and species are part of a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96660

A Positivist Approach to Pigouvian Taxes based on an Evolutionary Algorithm
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simmons,   Phil; Cacho,   Oscar J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pigouvian tax; Pollution tax; Genetic algorithm; Political preferences; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12941

A Preliminary Analysis of the Benefits of Introducing Apomixis into Rice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frisvold,   George B.; Bicknell,   Kathryn; Bicknell,   Ross.
The objective of this research is to undertake an ex ante economic analysis of basic scientific research that aims to identify the gene(s) that control apomictic reproduction, with the ultimate aim of transferring the characteristic into commercially important crops. This paper reports very preliminary results, using the introduction of apomixis into rice as a case study. Apomixis is a natural, asexual method of plant reproduction resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the mother plant. Apomixis promises to revolutionize plant breeding by providing a system for crop improvement that allows any desired variety, including hybrids, to breed true. This ability will make both breeding and seed production more efficient. It offers the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98515

A Profile of Public Officials, Government Structure, and Environmental Issues in the Lower Sheyenne River Basin, North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leitch,   Jay A.; Nelson,   William C.; Saxowsky,   David M.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120940

A Profile of Public Officials, Government Structure, and Environmental Issues in the Lower Sheyenne River Basin, North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leitch,   Jay A.; Nelson,   William C.; Saxowsky,   David M.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120853

A Proposal for the Design of the Successor to the Kyoto Protocol
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhao,   Jinhua.
The successor to the Kyoto Protocol should impose national ceilings on rich countries’ greenhouse gas emissions and promote voluntary abatement by developing countries. Our proposal gives signatories the option of exercising an escape clause that relaxes their requirement to abate. This feature helps to solve the participation and compliance problems that have weakened the Protocol. We support the use of carefully circumscribed trade restrictions in order to reduce the real or perceived problem of carbon leakage.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kyoto protocol; Escape clause; Emissions trade; Clean development mechanism; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58; F13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42878

A PROPOSAL OF A LOGISTICS MODEL FOR THE USE OF BIOMASS FOR ENERGY FOR LOCAL COMMUNITIES WITHIN THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wajszczuk,   Karol; Baum,   Rafal; Wielicki,   Witold.
The paper presents a concept for a digital platform model for the biomass logistics network for local communities. This concept refers to the strategy for the development of renewable power engineering in Poland to the year 2020, adopted by the Polish government. The status and prospects for biomass production are presented, from which it results that plant production for energy purposes may in the nearest future constitute an important alternative to food production. In turn, main problems connected with the organization of biomass market at the local and regional levels are also discussed. In the proposed model the digital platform would be available on the Internet for all links of the logistics chain, starting from producers and ending with buyers...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainable agriculture; Renewable energy sources; Biomass logistics network; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6454

A PROPOSAL TO REFORM THE KYOTO PROTOCOL: THE ROLE OF ESCAPE CLAUSES AND FORESIGHT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhao,   Jinhua.
A reform to the Kyoto Protocol that allows signatories to pay a fine instead of meeting the target level of abatement would achieve three goals. First, it would defuse one U.S. objection to the agreement: the concern that the cost of achieving the target might turn out to be extremely high. Second, unlike other cost-reducing measures (such as trade in pollution permits) it would increase the equilibrium number of signatories in a non-cooperative participation game. Third, it would make it easier to force signatories to comply with their obligations. We study the participation game under an escape clause using both a Nash Equilibrium and the concept of a stable set when nations are “farsighted”. We compare our results to a prominent model of International...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6857

A Prospective Analysis of Brazil and the U.S. Biofuel Policies: Impact on Land Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Social Welfare Using a Spatial Multi-Market Equilibrium Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nunez,   Hector M.; Onal,   Hayri; Khanna,   Madhu; Chen,   Xiaoguang; Huang,   Haixiao.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104019

A Pseudo-Sequential Choice Model for Valuing Multi-Attribute Environmental Policies or Programs in Contingent Valuation Applications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Volinskiy,   Dmitriy; Bergstrom,   John C.; Cornwell,   Christopher M.; Holmes,   Thomas P.
The assumption of independence of irrelevant alternatives in a sequential contingent valuation format should be questioned. Statistically, most valuation studies treat nonindependence as a consequence of unobserved individual effects. Another approach is to consider an inferential process in which any particular choice is part of a general choosing strategy of a survey respondent. A stochastic model is suggested, consistent with the reflexivity, transitivity, and continuity axioms of utility analysis. An application of this theoretical model to the valuation of watershed ecosystem restoration demonstrates that an empirical model recognizing reflexivity and transitivity, and also allowing for continuity, shows the highest in-sample predictive ability.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Sequential choices; Modeling approaches; Watershed ecosystem service valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59325

A Pseudo-Sequential Choice Model for Valuing Multiple Environmental Policy or Program Components in Contingent Valuation Applications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Volinskiy,   Dmitriy; Bergstrom,   John C.; Cornwell,   Christopher M.
The study proposes a discrete-choice model for environmental policy/program valuation, to be used in cases when several policies are valued sequentially. The stochastic specification of the model is consistent with the transitivity and continuity axioms of utility analysis. An empirical methodology for the model is suggested. An application of this model to WTP estimation for Little Tennessee River watershed ecosystem restoration is provided. Findings from the application agree with the hypothesized agent's behavior.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19109

A Qualitative Assessment of the Benefits and Costs of On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans in the Beef Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.; Wasylyniuk,   Chad R.; Hobbs,   Jill E.; Larue,   Bruno; Gervais,   Jean-Philippe; Gray,   Richard S.
This series of six reports entitled: "On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans: Identifying and Classifying Benefits and Costs" was initiated soon after the launch of the Agricultural Policy Framework (APF) in 2002. The APF recognized the importance of food safety and environmental concerns for the future growth of the agriculture and Agri-food sector. For this reason, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) commissioned this series of reports to develop a conceptual framework to strengthen our understanding of the potential benefit and cost implications of On-farm Food Safety (OFFS) and Environmental Farm Plans (EFP) that were key components of the APF. The reports were prepared by a group of academics with extensive knowledge of the agriculture...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55299

A Qualitative Assessment of the Benefits and Costs of On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans in the Dairy Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gervais,   Jean-Philippe; Larue,   Bruno; Hobbs,   Jill E.; Kerr,   William A.; Gray,   Richard S.
This series of six reports entitled: "On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans: Identifying and Classifying Benefits and Costs" was initiated soon after the launch of the Agricultural Policy Framework (APF) in 2002. The APF recognized the importance of food safety and environmental concerns for the future growth of the agriculture and Agri-food sector. For this reason, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) commissioned this series of reports to develop a conceptual framework to strengthen our understanding of the potential benefit and cost implications of On-farm Food Safety (OFFS) and Environmental Farm Plans (EFP) that were key components of the APF. The reports were prepared by a group of academics with extensive knowledge of the agriculture...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55301

A Qualitative Assessment of the Benefits and Costs of On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans in the Grain Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gray,   Richard S.; Ferguson,   Mark; Martin,   Bill; Hobbs,   Jill E.; Kerr,   William A.; Larue,   Bruno; Gervais,   Jean-Philippe.
This series of six reports entitled: "On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans: Identifying and Classifying Benefits and Costs" was initiated soon after the launch of the Agricultural Policy Framework (APF) in 2002. The APF recognized the importance of food safety and environmental concerns for the future growth of the agriculture and Agri-food sector. For this reason, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) commissioned this series of reports to develop a conceptual framework to strengthen our understanding of the potential benefit and cost implications of On-farm Food Safety (OFFS) and Environmental Farm Plans (EFP) that were key components of the APF. The reports were prepared by a group of academics with extensive knowledge of the agriculture...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55300

A Qualitative Assessment of the Benefits and Costs of On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans in the Pork Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hobbs,   Jill E.; Gervais,   Jean-Philippe; Gray,   Richard S.; Kerr,   William A.; Larue,   Bruno.
This series of six reports entitled: "On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans: Identifying and Classifying Benefits and Costs" was initiated soon after the launch of the Agricultural Policy Framework (APF) in 2002. The APF recognized the importance of food safety and environmental concerns for the future growth of the agriculture and Agri-food sector. For this reason, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) commissioned this series of reports to develop a conceptual framework to strengthen our understanding of the potential benefit and cost implications of On-farm Food Safety (OFFS) and Environmental Farm Plans (EFP) that were key components of the APF. The reports were prepared by a group of academics with extensive knowledge of the agriculture...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55298

A Quality-Adjusted Cost Index for Estimating Future Consumer Surplus from Innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Austin,   David H.; MacAuley,   Molly K.
This paper describes a model for estimating, in a probabilistic framework, expected future consumer surplus from planned new product innovations. The model has been applied to estimations of taxpayer benefits from NASA's New Millenium Program (NMP), which develops new technologies for space science, and to the digital data storage technologies being supported by the Department of Commerce's Advanced Technology Program (ATP). The model uses cost index methods based on consumers' estimated marginal valuation for quality improvements in the technology. Probabilistic values for performance increases are taken from the innovators' own expectations. The analysis reveals the sensitivity of welfare increases to these values, which are assumed to be biased upward....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Quality-adjusted cost index; Consumer surplus; Innovation; Environmental Economics and Policy; O32; H43; D60.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10655

A Reconsideration of Environmental Federalism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oates,   Wallace E.
This paper provides a review and assessment of the debate over environmental federalism-the issue of the roles of different levels of government in environmental management. The paper begins with the presentation of three benchmark cases that provide a framework for thinking about the issue. It then offers a review, first of the theoretical literature and second of some new, provocative empirical literature on the race to the bottom. The paper contends that there remains, under certain circumstances, an important role for decentralized government in the setting of environmental standards and the design of regulatory programs. The central government, in addition to setting standards for "national" pollutants, has a fundamental contribution to make in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental federalism; Environmental management; Environmental policy; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; H1; H7.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10460

A Reevaluation of GDU Irrigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leitch,   Jay A.; Baltezore,   James F.; Johnson,   Roger G.; Coon,   Randal C.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121415

A REGIONAL BAN OF ALACHLOR AND ATRAZINE IN SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA: THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cox,   Craig A.; Easter,   K. William.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13945

A Regional Decomposition Analysis of CO2 Emissions  and Their Evolutions in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dong,   Fengxia; Lu,   Jing; Du,   Xiaodong.
CHINA is currently the world largest emitter of energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2). Understanding the driving forces governing CO2 emission levels and their evolutions in China can provide useful information for policy makers who aim to reduce green house gas emissions. Because of policy and historical reasons, considerable regional growth and income disparities exist in China. The regional disparities may influence energy use and CO2 emissions. Therefore, this study is to investigate the driving forces governing CO2 emission levels and their evolutions at regional level in China.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon dioxide emission; Decomposition analysis; Region; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61390

A REGIONAL MODELING STRUCTURE FOR ASSESSING MANURE MANAGEMENT POLICIES: APPLICATION TO THE CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERSHED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aillery,   Marcel P.; Gollehon,   Noel R.; Ribaudo,   Marc; Breneman,   Vincent E.
A modeling framework addresses manure management policies within the Chesapeake Bay watershed.  Policy focus is on manure-land application at agronomic rates, as proposed under the EPA/USDA Unified Strategy.  Manure-nutrient flows are assessed subject to assimilative capacity of farmland.  National data bases and GIS coverages facilitate model transferability to other watersheds.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Manure management; Confined livestock operations; Regional optimization; Chesapeake Bay; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20530

A RENEWAL THEORETIC APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARD SETTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
The process of environmental regulation is usually a two-step one. In the first step, a standard for environmental quality is set. Then, in the second step, a regulatory mechanism is put in place to achieve the standard. In this paper I show how renewal theory can be used to set the quality standard optimally.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental; Regulation; Standard; Renewal; Theory; Environmental Economics and Policy; D81; Q20.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28354

A report on results of the Multagri project concerning indicators of multifunctionality and their relevance for SEAMLESS-IF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cairol,   D.; Perret,   E.; Turpin,   Nadine.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9289

A Report on the Management of Saltwater Crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in the Northern Territory: Results of a Survey of Pastoralists
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
The management of saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in the Northern Territory is an important component of the State’s wildlife management policy. It encompasses saltwater crocodile control (the removal of problem crocodiles dangerous to humans and livestock), and the regulation of harvesting, farming and ranching of saltwater crocodiles for the production of commercial products. The distribution of saltwater crocodiles and their habitats often extend onto private and communal lands along the coastal belt of the Northern Territory,  and therefore are a concern of landholders both Aboriginal and pastoral. This report presents the findings of a study of managers of Northern Territory cattle properties (pastoralists). Their attitudes are surveyed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Saltwater Crocodiles; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55089

A Report Prepared for the Queensland Commercial Fishermen's Organisation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramsay,   Gavin; Tisdell,   Clement A.; Harrison,   Stephen R.; Pullar,   David; Sun,   Samantha; Tibbetts,   Ian.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54346

A Review of Economic Appraisal of Environmental Goods and Services: With a Focus on Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hearne,   Robert R.
Environmental economics has an extensive literature on procedures for placing economic values on the environment. Most of these methodologies have been developed and refined in the context of developed countries, where high levels of disposable income allow for a high demand for environmental amenities and a willingness to pay for non-use values. This paper argues that the applicability of these methodologies may be limited in developing countries. A microeconomic model, designed to highlight the different roles of environmental goods and services in developed and developing counties, is presented. In developing countries the value of environmental amenities is relatively less important than the value of environmental resources in the production process....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24144

A Review of Environmental Valuation in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sinden,   Jack A.
Australian attempts to value the environment began at least 40 years ago. Since then, environmental protection and natural resource management have become major national issues. But have the methods of valuation kept pace with the importance of the issues that they are meant to resolve? Can environmental and resource values actually be measured? This paper chronicles, reviews, and assesses the valuations of 40 years and more than 100 Australian authors.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12320

A Review of Integrated Pollution Control Efforts in Selected Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hersh,   Robert.
This report describes the reasons why integrated pollution control (IPC) became accepted as a necessary part of the environmental regulatory systems of the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Sweden and examines the experience these countries have had with unified environmental statutes, alternative compliance approaches, cross-media permitting, and other aspects of IPC that are under consideration in this country. The report is organized into five sections. In the first section we provide a brief overview of the intellectual pedigree of integrated pollution control, and discuss arguments that have been put forward by advocates of IPC as well as the counter-arguments of those who have taken a more skeptical view of the technical and political feasibility...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Integrated pollution control; European environmental policy; Environmental compliance and enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10792

A review of Multi-Agent Simulation Models in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaye-Blake,   William; Li,   Frank Y.; Martin,   A. McLeish; McDermott,   Alan; Neil,   Hayley; Rains,   Scott.
Multi-Agent Simulation (MAS) models are intended to capture emergent properties of complex systems that are not amenable to equilibrium analysis. They are beginning to see some use for analysing agricultural systems. The paper reports on work in progress to create a MAS for specific sectors in New Zealand agriculture. One part of the paper focuses on options for modelling land and other resources such as water, labour and capital in this model, as well as markets for exchanging resources and commodities. A second part considers options for modelling agent heterogeneity, especially risk preferences of farmers, and the impacts on decision-making. The final section outlines the MAS that the authors will be constructing over the next few years and the types of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multi-agent simulation models; Modelling; Agent-based model; Cellular automata; Decision-making; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97165

A Rising Tide of Anti-Animal Consumerism? Issues and Opportunities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rae,   Allan N.
The livestock revolution that has occurred over the last few decades has seen a phenomenal increase in demand for livestock products in much of the developing world. This has largely been matched with growth in supplies, driven by government policies, and increased animal numbers and productivity. But this growth has been accompanied by a number of side-effects which in many cases impose negative externalities on society and suggest that current trends in animal product consumption are unsustainable. As a result there is emerging an anti-animal sentiment among some consumer groups. These people are concerned about livestock issues such as human health effects, biodiversity losses, deforestation, emissions to the air and water, diversion of grains from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock revolution; Diet transformation; Externalities; Opportunities; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96940

A RISK PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO DESIGNING CONTRACTS TO REDUCE NITRATE LEACHING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chu,   Mei-Chin; Swinton,   Scott M.; Batie,   Sandra S.
As contractual agriculture expands, contract design offers a non-regulatory opportunity to reduce non-point source pollution.  A risk programming analysis of seed corn contract designs illustrates a tractable empirical principal-agent model, and shows that grower risk preferences affect contract acceptability and efficiency at reducing nitrate leaching.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11594

A Safety Valve for Emissions Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.
This paper considers the optimal design of an emissions trading program that includes a safety valve tax that allows pollution sources to escape the emissions cap imposed by the aggregate supply of emissions permits. I demonstrate that an optimal hybrid emissions trading/emissions tax policy involves a permit supply that is strictly less than under a pure emissions trading scheme and a safety valve tax that exceeds the optimal pure emissions tax as long as expected marginal damage is an increasing function. While the expected level of emissions under a hybrid policy may be more or less than under pure emissions trading or a pure emissions tax, under the assumption that uncertainty about aggregate marginal abatement costs is symmetric the most likely...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions Taxes; Emissions Trading; Uncertainty; Safety Valve; Hybrid Emissions Control; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; L51; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53125

A Scientific Review of the Impact of UK Ruminant Livestock on Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hopkins,   Alan; Lobley,   Matt.
Climate change is a subject of global environmental concern. The UK has seen a progressive strengthening of political resolve to address the problems associated with emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), principally carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Although agriculture globally, and ruminant livestock production in particular, is a net contributor to GHG emissions, generalizations about impacts on climate change often fail to distinguish between different systems of production, advances in technology, and the role of extensive grazing lands in contributing to ecological services and food production in situations where other forms of farming are impractical. Against this background, the overall aim of this review was therefore to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Ruminant Livestock; Greenhouse Gases; UK; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61030

A Search Model for Joint Implementation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bella,   Giovanni.
The aim of this paper is to present a search model in the field of environmental economics, where so-called clean and dirty producers enter the trading market, both looking for a partner with whom to exchange the goods they are endowed with. The model derived in this paper is rather simple. Nevertheless, it is able to produce a series of interesting results and useful insights, and is conveniently used here as a framework to explain the functioning of Joint Implementation programmes for polluting emissions’ reduction.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental economics; Search theory; Market failures; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; O13; Q26.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54356

A Selected Annotated BIBLIOGRAPHY of Economic Values of Fish and Wildlife and Their Habitats
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leitch,   Jay A.; Scott,   Donald F.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120941

A Spatial Analysis of Conservation Reserve Program Participants: The Impact of Absenteeism on Participation Decisions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brady,   Michael P.; Nickerson,   Cynthia J.
Given that approximately half of all U.S. farmland is leased, absentee (non-operator) landowners have a significant role in agriculture. Because decisions about how to use farmland can be affected by ownership status, tenure can have far reaching implications for the production of food and fiber, as well as the extent to which environmentally sensitive farmland is cropped or is put into a conservation use.  In order to better understand whether conservation participation decisions, and potential responses to factors such as commodity prices, may vary by tenure status, we exploit a unique dataset that identifies where participants associated with Conservation Reserve Program contracts live relative to the land enrolled. These data provide improved spatial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49369

A spatial bio-economic modelling approach on the trade-offs between global bioenergy demand, agricultural intensification, expansion, and trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lotze-Campen,   Hermann; Popp,   Alexander; Beringer,   Tim; Muller,   Christoph; Lucht,   Wolfgang.
Increased future demands for food, fibre and fuels from biomass can only be met if the available land and water resources on a global scale are used and managed as efficiently as possible. The main routes for making the global agricultural system more productive are through intensification and technological change on currently used agricultural land, land expansion into currently non-agricultural areas, and international trade in agricultural commodities and processed goods. In order to analyse the trade-offs and synergies between these options, we present a global bio-economic modelling approach with a special focus on spatially explicit land and water constraints as well as technological change in agricultural production. For a given bioenergy demand...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land use change; Spatial modelling; Technological change; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C61; F15; Q24; Q25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51458

A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Compliance with an International Environmental Agreement on an Open Access Resource
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borsky,   Stefan; Raschky,   Paul A.
This paper provides an empirical analysis of the role of intergovernmental relations on a country's effort to enforce the objectives of an international environmental agreement on an open access resource. Intergovernmental interaction allows signatory countries to observe compliance behavior of other signees and to punish non-compliance by applying bi- and multilateral sanctions. We use a cross-sectional dataset that contains country level information about compliance with Article 7 of the 1995 UN Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Our identification strategy combines a spatial autoregressive model with spatial autoregressive disturbances and an instrumental variable approach. We find a strong positive effect of other countries' compliance on the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: International environmental agreements; Open access resources; Spatial econometrics; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; F53; Q22.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124425

A Spatial Model of Dolphin Avoidance in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hicks,   Robert L.; Schnier,   Kurt E.
This paper examines the impact of dolphin-safe eco-labeling and how it fundamentally altered the spatial distribution of fishing effort and fishermen's willingness to pay to avoid dolphins.  To do this, a dynamic discrete choice econometric model is applied to the Eastern Tropical Pacific tuna fishery. This econometric approach combines a dynamic programming component with the static discrete site choice model.  This estimator couples the current period projected profits associated with fishing a specific site with the value of all future location choices on the cruise, assuming choices are made optimally.  The key feature of this model is that it recovers behavioral parameters and solves the dynamic programming problem recursively.  The dynamic site...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21290

A Spatiotemporal Fixed Effects Estimation of U.S. State-Level Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burnett,   J. Wesley; Bergstrom,   John C.
One of the major shortcommings of past environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) studies is that the spatiotemporal aspects within the data have largely been ignored.  By ignoring the spatial aspect of pollution emissions past estimates of the EKC implicitly assume that a region’s emissions are unaffected by events in neighboring regions (i.e., assume there are no transboundary pollution emissions between neighbors).  By ignoring the spatial aspects within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated biased or inconsistent regression results.  By ignoring the temporal aspect within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated spurious regression results or misspecified t and F statistics.  To address this potential...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pollution Economics; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Spatial Econometrics; Dynamic Panel Data; Carbon Dioxide Emissions; Global Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C33; C51; Q43; Q50; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103580

A SPLIT-SAMPLE TEST OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS FOR STATED  CHOICE MODELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lupi,   Frank; Kaplowitz,   Michael D.; Hoehn,   John P.
A stated choice model is used to estimate wetland mitigation preferences.  In a split sample mail survey, a main effects design is compared to a randomized design.  Although randomized designs estimate main effects less efficiently, several policy relevant interactions were found to be significant, suggesting some merits of randomized designs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22073

A Statistical Profile of the Pork Supply Chain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonti-Ankomah,   Samuel.
The agriculture and agri-food sector faces a number of challenges such as rapid technological change, increased competition and changes in consumer requirements. The sector therefore needs to adjust to keep up with the changes and become more competitive. This report provides information about the pork supply chain and highlights the structural changes that have occurred over time in the pork industry. The report uses tables, charts and figures to describe performance indicators and structural changes within the industry and shows that the Canadian pork supply chain is healthy, growing and export-oriented.
Tipo: Dataset
Palavras-chave: Agricultural supply chain; Market demands; Performance indicators; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55302

A Stochastic Multiple Players Multi-Issues Bargaining Model for the Piave River Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sgobbi,   Alessandra; Carraro,   Carlo.
The objective of this paper is to investigate the usefulness of non-cooperative bargaining theory for the analysis of negotiations on water allocation and management. We explore the impacts of different economic incentives, a stochastic environment and varying individual preferences on players’ strategies and equilibrium outcomes through numerical simulations of a multilateral, multiple issues, non-cooperative bargaining model of water allocation in the Piave River Basin, in the North East of Italy. Players negotiate in an alternating-offer manner over the sharing of water resources (quantity and quality). Exogenous uncertainty over the size of the negotiated amount of water is introduced to capture the fact that water availability is not known with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bargaining; Non-Cooperative Game Theory; Simulation Models; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C71; C78.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7446

A Structural Equation Model of Farmers Operating within Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ) in Scotland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toma,   Luiza; Barnes,   Andrew Peter; Willock,   J.; Hall,   Clare.
Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) offers a theoretical basis for developing an understanding of the relationships between attitudes and behaviour. This paper imposes the SEM framework to a compulsory regulation which focuses on reducing diffuse water pollution, namely Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ). We use a data set collected through a farm survey within NVZs in Scotland in 2007. The model includes six latent variables expressing farmers’ nitrate reducing behaviour, nitrate reducing and profit maximizing behavioural propensities and the underlying determining factors, namely attitude (risk perception) and socio-economic latent variables (access to information and stocking density). The results indicate that the model has an adequate fit to the data and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrate Vulnerable Zones; Structural equation modeling with latent variables; Scotland; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43643

A STUDY OF COSTS OF COMPLIANCE RELATED TO NON-POINT POLLUTION RULES FOR WISCONSIN CROP PRODUCERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fortenbery,   T. Randall.
The non-point pollution rules proposed by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) have generated questions regarding the costs of compliance for Wisconsin agriculture. It is clear that some agricultural practices will have to change if the proposed rules are enacted, but the costs of these changes are less clear. The DNR proposals include cost sharing for the introduction of best management practices, but constrain the cost share program to essentially out of-pocket expenses. In general, there is no compensation for costs associated with additional management time, or lost revenue. The purpose of this project is to generate a set of estimates relating to net costs of compliance for Wisconsin crop producers. The intent is to develop a baseline...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12639

A Study of Iran’s Comparative Advantage in Saffron, the Red Gold
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Najarzadeh,   Reza; Reed,   Michael R.; Saghaian,   Sayed H.; Aghaei,   Mina; Rezagholizadeh,   M.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61583

A Study of the Impact of Ecotourism on Environmental Education and Conservation: The case of Turtle Watching at an Australian Site
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
The importance of environmental education as a component of ecotourism is highlighted.  The extent of environmental education and its impact on attitudes to conservation of sea turtles and actions by ecotourists to support such conservation as a result of their visits to Mon Repos Conservation Park (Queensland), an important marine turtle rookery, is examined.  To do this, results from 519 usable survey forms completed by ecotourists are analysed.  It is found that a considerable amount of environmental education is obtained by visitors and that this has positive and statistically significant impacts on their desire to protect sea turtles and their intended actions to do so.  The importance of the interaction of tourists with wildlife as a contributor to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecotourism; Environmental education; Sea turtles; Sustainable tourism; Wildlife conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48365

A SURVEY OF ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION PROBLEMS ON U.S. DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buxton,   Boyd M.; Cummins,   David E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13350

A SUSTENTABILIDADE DA AGRICULTURA ORGÂNICA FAMILIAR DOS PRODUTORES ASSOCIADOS À APOI (ASSOCIAÇÃO DOS PRODUTORES ORGÂNICOS DA IBIAPABA-CE)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oliveira,   Ana Ferreira Dos Santos; Khan,   Ahmad Saeed; Lima,   Patricia Veronica Pinheiro Sales; Silva,   Lucia Maria Ramos.
A agricultura orgânica é uma atividade que visa promover a preservação do meio ambiente, respeitando a biodiversidade e as atividades biológicas do solo. Desta forma, esta atividade enfatiza o uso de práticas de manejo em oposição ao uso de agrotóxicos, assim fixando de modo mais definitivo o homem no campo. Acredita-se que esta atividade seja uma forma de produção ecologicamente sustentável, socialmente justa e economicamente viável em todas as escalas da produção. No Ceará a agricultura orgânica tem uma área plantada de 13.820 ha, espalhados em vários municípios, sendo a maior concentração na microrregião da Ibiapaba. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar a sustentabilidade da agricultura orgânica familiar dos produtores associados à APOI...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultura Orgânica; Agricultura Familiar; Agricultura Sustentável; Organic Agriculture; Family farminglture; Sustainable Agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109802

A szőlővenyige és a fanyesedék biomassza-erőművi beszállításának elemzése
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pinter,   Gabor; Nemeth,   Kornel; Kis-Simon,   Tunde.
Magyarországon is teret hódít a biomassza villamos energia termelésére történő felhasználása. A tanulmány Magyarországon képződő szőlővenyige és fanyesedék biomassza-erőművi beszállításának lehetőségeivel foglalkozik. 2009-ben már öt hazai nagyerőműben tüzelnek a környező erdőgazdaságokból származó alapanyagot. Magyarországon rendkívül sok az energetikai célra hasznosítható szőlővenyige és fanyesedék, ami nem kerül hasznosításra, holott ezek erőművi beszállítása – számításaink alapján – 45 km-es szállítási távolság alatt már gazdaságos lehet. A tanulmány hangsúlyozza, hogy az említett melléktermékek erőművi eltüzelése – csekély jövedelemtermelő képessége miatt – jövedelemszerzés helyett inkább a „felesleges” melléktermékektől való megszabadulást, az...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Szőlővenyige; Nyesedék; Beszállítás; Égetés; Vine cane; Cuttings; Supply; Burning; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92491

A TALE OF TWO CLAMS: POLICY ANTICIPATION AND INDUSTRY PRODUCTIVITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brandt,   Sylvia J.
Sound environmental regulation must achieve environmental objectives while maximizing economic efficiency.  This paper evaluates the impact of regulation on efficiency by measuring annual productivity across regulatory regimes in two similar fisheries with differing policy expectations.  Anticipation of regulatory change produced strategic behavior in one fishery, leading to depressed productivity; in the other, regulatory change was not expected, and productivity did not suffer.  These results imply that fisheries regulation should take into account both firms' policy expectations and the potentially perverse incentives that may be created by policy change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14523

A Tale of Two Countries: Emissions Scenarios for China and India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Massetti,   Emanuele.
The aim of the paper is to present evidence that China and India are, and will remain, two very different actors in international negotiations to control global warming. We base our conclusions on historical data and on scenarios until 2050. The Business-as-Usual scenario (BaU) is compared to four Emissions Tax scenarios to draw insights on major transformations in energy use and in energy supply and to assess the possible contribution of China and India to a future international climate architecture. We study whether or not the Copenhagen intensity targets require more action than the BaU scenario and we assess whether the emissions reductions induced by the four tax scenarios are compatible with the G8 and MEF pledge to reduce global emissions by 50% in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; China; India; Energy Efficiency; Energy and Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q32; Q43; Q54; Q43; O53; P52.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101378

A Tale of Two Market Failures: Technology and Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaffe,   Adam B.; Newell,   Richard G.; Stavins,   Robert N.
Market failures associated with environmental pollution interact with market failures associated with the innovation and diffusion of new technologies. These combined market failures provide a strong rationale for a portfolio of public policies that foster emissions reduction as well as the development and adoption of environmentally beneficial technology. Both theory and empirical evidence suggest that the rate and direction of technological advance is influenced by market and regulatory incentives, and can be cost-effectively harnessed through the use of economicincentive based policy. In the presence of weak or nonexistent environmental policies, investments in the development and diffusion of new environmentally beneficial technologies are very likely...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology; Research and development; Environment; Externality; Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O38; Q28; H23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10815

A területhasználat néhány változása és következményei a Tisza-tónál
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vasvari,   Agnes; David,   Lorant; Szabo,   Szilard.
A Tisza-tó jelentős változásokat idézett elő a térség életében, módosult a települések térbeli kiterjedése. Ez a fajta térmódosulás a tanulmányban bemutatott ábrákon kiválóan végigkövethető. Sarud, Abádszalók és Tiszafüred esetében egyértelműen megállapítható, hogy a települések térszerkezetének eltolódása a Tisza-tó partján kínálkozó turisztikai lehetőségek hatására következett be. A településkép beépítettségében, új településrészek kialakításában, a település arculatának módosulásában szintén közrejátszott a Tisza-tó léte. A strandok településformáló hatása is jelentős a feléjük vezető lineáris infrastruktúrák fejlődésében, az út mentén lévő telkek árainak felértékelésében és a parton végbemenő változásokban (például Abádszalók).  Az elárasztással...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Tisza-tó; Területváltozás; Területhasznosítás; Településkép; Turizmus; Tisza Lake; Area change; Land use; Settlement image; Tourism; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119921

A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR VIEWING POLLUTION PROBLEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langham,   Max R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30494

A Theoretical Model of Optimal Compliance Decisions under Different Penalty Designs in Emissions Trading Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Restiani,   Phillia; Betz,   Regina.
This paper employs a theoretical model to examine compliance incentives and market efficiency under three penalty types: the fixed penalty rate, which uses a constant marginal financial penalty; the make-good provision (quantity penalty), where each missing permit in the current period is to be offset with a ratio (restoration rate) in the following period; and a mixed penalty, which combines the two penalty types. Using a simple two-period model of firm's profit maximisation, we analyse compliance decisions and the efficient penalty level under each penalty type. Firms‟ compliance strategies are modelled as an irreversible investment in abatement measures and permit buying in the market. Our findings indicate that the penalty type does not affect...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Penalty design; Compliance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107585

A Theoretically-Consistent Empirical Non-Expected Utility Model of Ambiguity: Nuclear Waste Mortality Risk and Yucca Mountain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Riddel,   Mary C.; Shaw,   W. Douglass.
Risk aversion is well established in the health and safety literature, and ambiguity is addressed in theoretical and experimental economics literature, but few theoretically-consistent empirical models addressing the relationship between ambiguity, risk, and preferences exist. Even fewer address ambiguity about health or mortality risks.  To fill this gap, we propose a theoretical non-expected-utility model (NEUM) that is relatively easy to estimate.  The NEUM we develop hinges upon two sources of variability, one over risk and the other over uncertainty about the risk. The model, like the second-order probability models of Segal (1987) and Quiggin (1982), grounds ambiguity in the compound lottery context. However, our model differs from previous...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23964

A Theory of Dynamic Biofuel Tax Credit
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ye,   Fanglin; Lu,   Liang; Du,   Xiaoxue.
In this paper, we set up a social cost minimization problem for a government. Using dynamic optimization tools, we analytically shows how exogenous parameters could affect the optimal social cost and the optimal tax credit policy path.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Optimal Control; Biofuel; Tax Credit; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123750

A THRESHOLD VALUE ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED FOREST RESERVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Threshold Value Analysis (TVA) may be a useful input into natural resource decision making when non-market values are involved. The decision rule under a TVA is to protect a natural resource if the (non-marketed and unquantified) benefits so arising are deemed to be greater than a threshold value defined by the (marketed and quantified) developmental benefits foregone. In this paper, threshold values are calculated for a range of forest protection options being considered under the Regional Forestry Agreements being negotiated in New South Wales. A static analysis is first undertaken. This is then enhanced by the incorporation of factors that affect the alternative streams of value through time. Extensive sensitivity testing to demonstrate the impact of...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123768

A typical application of SEAMLESS-IF at macro level: a trade liberalization scenario applied to the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adenauer,   Marcel; Kuiper,   Marijke H.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57931

A UTILIZAÇÃO DO MIMES – MULTI-SCALE INTEGRATED MODEL OF THE EARTH SYTEMS ECOLOGICAL SERVICES COMO FERRAMENTA IMPORTANTE PARA A VALORAÇÃO DE SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tosto,   Sergio Gomes; Ambrosio,   Luis Alberto; Romeiro,   Ademar Ribeiro; Fasiaben,   Maria Do Carmo Ramos; Andrade,   Daniel Caixeta.
O MIMES – Multi-scale Integrated Model of the Earth Sytems Ecological Services é o primeiro modelo global a relacionar a dinâmica entre a tecnologia, produção e bem-estar econômico e os bens e serviços ecossistêmicos do sistema dinâmico da Terra, de forma espacializada.  É um “meta-modelo” que representa uma síntese de uma simplificação dos diversos modelos globais dinâmicos existentes nas ciências naturais e sociais em um nível intermediário de complexidade.  O objetivo do MIMES é simular o sistema integrado da Terra e avaliar a dinâmica e os valores dos serviços dos ecossistemas. O presente estudo de caso é a modelagem da dinâmica do uso e cobertura das terras na Bacia-Hidrográfica dos Rio Mogi-Guaçú e Pardo em São Paulo. Ele foca a restauração dos...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Modelo de mudanças do uso das terras; Valoração dos serviços ecossistêmicos; Controle da erosão de solos; Modelo dinâmico integrado multi-escala; Land use change model; Ecosystem services valuation; Soil erosion control; Multi-scale integrated dynamic modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109196

A vidék fejlesztésének stratégiája
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marselek,   Sandor; Takacs-Gyorgy,   Katalin.
Magyarország csak a vidékgazdaság megfelelő működtetésével lehet eredményes. A vidék az átalakulás időszakában elvesztette népességmegtartó képességét. Ennek a folyamatnak a megállításához új irányok meghatározása aszükséges. A cikk az új fejlesztési irányok meghatározására tesz kísérletet. --------------------------------------------- Hungary can be sxuccesssfull only if the rural areas are viable. In the alst decades the rural areas have lost a grat part of their population. To stop this process new rural development strategy is needed. The paper focus on new potential development directions.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Vidéki élhetőség; Fejlesztés; Irányok; Természeti erőforrások; Rural viability; Development directions; Natural resources; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119908

A View Toward Sound Policy Initiatives Regarding Agricultural Alternative Fuels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dubiansky,   Vincent M.
Scientific understanding regarding causes of climate change is maturing. Earlier indications that atmospheric CO2 is the primary cause have been challenged by recent studies. Evidence against anthropogenic global warming is mounting. Subsidized alternative fuel initiatives may run out of support once political opinion aligns with scientific realities. First steps toward policy statements within professional organizations that reflect our current understanding of forces driving climate change are called for. We as farm or timberland managers, investors, lenders, appraisers or consultants in these fields should update our understanding. Agriculture’s potential contribution toward cost effective alternative fuel sources and energy independence is discussed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96381

Abatement and Allocation in the Pilot Phase of the EU ETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Barry; Di Maria,   Corrado; Convery,   Frank J.
We use historical industrial emissions data to assess the level of abatement and overallocation that took place across European countries during the pilot phase (2005-2007)of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme. Using a dynamic panel data model, we estimate the counterfactual (business-as-usual) emissions scenario for EU member states. Comparing this baseline to allocated and verified emissions, we conclude that both overallocation and abatement occurred, along with under-allocation and emissions inflation. Over the three trading years of the pilot phase we find over-allocation of approximately 376 million EUAs (6%) and total abatement at the member state level of 107 Mt CO2 (1.8%). However, due to over-allocation and possible uncertainty about...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions Trading Scheme; Climate Policy; Dynamic Panel Data Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; O13; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55831

Abatement and Transaction Costs of Carbon-Sink Projects Involving Smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cacho,   Oscar J.; Lipper,   Leslie.
Agroforestry projects have the potential to help mitigate global warming by acting as sinks for greenhouse gasses. However, participation in carbon-sink projects may be constrained by high costs. This problem may be particularly severe for projects involving smallholders in developing countries. Of particular concern are the transaction costs incurred in developing projects, measuring, certifying and selling the carbon-sequestration services generated by such projects. This paper addresses these issues by analysing the implications of transaction and abatement costs in carbon-sequestration projects. A model of project participation is developed, which accounts for the conditions under which both buyers and sellers would be willing to engage in a carbon...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Climate Policy; Carbon Sequestration Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q57; O1; O13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9324

Abatement Cost Heterogeneity and its Impact on Tradable Nitrogen Discharge Permits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramilan,   Thiagarajah; Scrimgeour,   Frank G.
Nitrogen discharge into the Waikato River has been identified as the primary source of potential water quality degradation. Rising nitrogen levels in water are attributed to non point source pollution from agricultural activities. Pastoral farming is the predominant agricultural land use in the catchment. Increased nitrogen fertilizer use and higher stocking rates have the potential to increase the nitrogen loading into water. There is a range of best management practices and policies proposed to reduce nitrogen discharge from farming systems. Water quality trading is a policy tool that could improve the cost effectiveness of achieving environmental goals. Economic theory suggests that tradable pollution permit systems encourage polluters to reallocate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Heterogeneity; Tradable discharge permits; Non-point pollution; Marginal abatement cost; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31972

Abatement Cost Uncertainty and Policy Instrument Selection under a Stringent Climate Policy.  A Dynamic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Golub,   Alexander; Markandya,   Anil; Massetti,   Emanuele; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper investigates the relative economic and environmental outcomes of price versus quantity mechanisms to control GHG emissions when abatement costs are uncertain. In particular, we evaluate the impacts on policy costs, CO2 emissions and energy R&amp;D for a stringent mitigation target of 550 ppmv CO2 equivalent (i.e. 450 for CO2 only) concentrations. The analysis is performed in an optimal growth framework via Monte Carlo simulations of the integrated assessment model WITCH (World Induced Technical Change Hybrid). Results indicate that the price instrument stochastically dominates the quantity instrument when a stringent stabilization policy is in place.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Abatement Costs; Climate Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; H2; C6; Q5.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6383

Abatement costs for agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus loads: a case study of South-Western Finland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koikkalainen,   Kauko; Laukkanen,   Marita; Helin,   Janne.
Designing efficient agri-environmental policies for agricultural nutrient load reductions calls for information on the costs of emission reduction measures. This study develops an empirical framework for estimating abatement costs for nutrient loading from agricultural land. Nitrogen abatement costs and the phosphorus load reductions associated with nitrogen abatement are derived for crop farming in southern Finland. The model is used to evaluate the effect of the Common Agricultural Policy reform currently underway on nutrient abatement costs. Results indicate that an efficiently designed policy aimed at a 50 % reduction in agricultural nitrogen load would cost $25 to $28 million, or $1995 to $2197 per farm.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11867

Absolute Abundance and Relative Scarcity: Announced Policy, Resource Extraction, and Carbon Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Di Maria,   Corrado; Smulders,   Sjak; van der Werf,   Edwin.
We study the effectiveness of climate change policy in a model with multiple non-renewable resources that differ in their carbon content. We find that, when allowing some time between announcement and implementation of a cap on carbon dioxide emissions, emissions from non-renewable energy sources increase at the time of announcement. There are two channels behind this effect. First, since a binding constraint on emissions restricts energy use during some period of time, more must be extracted during other periods. Second, since low carbon energy sources are relatively more valuable when the policy is implemented, it is optimal to conserve them ahead of enforcement. This might induce a switch to high-carbon resources before the policy is implemented.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Non-renewable Resources; Announcement Effects; Scarcity; Order of Extraction; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46626

Abstracts of Selected Papers, NAREA Annual Meetings, Burlington, Vermont, June 7-10, 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55550

Acceptable Reforms of Agri-Environmental Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bontems,   Philippe; Rotillon,   Gilles; Turpin,   Nadine.
We consider a model of regulation for nonpoint source water pollution through non linear taxation/subsidization of agricultural production. Farmers are heterogenous along two dimensions, their ability to transform inputs into final production and the available area they possess. Asymmetric information and participation of farmers to the regulation scheme put constraints on the optimal policy that we characterize. We show that a positive relationship between size of land and ability may exacerbate adverse selection effects. We then introduce acceptability constraints and show that the intervention under acceptability amounts to reallocate production towards inefficient farmers who benefit from the reform at the expense of efficient producers. Last, we...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19150

Accidents Waiting to Happen: Liability Policy and Toxic Pollution Releases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alberini,   Anna; Austin,   David H.
Proponents of environmental policies based on liability assert that strict liability imposed on the polluter will induce firms to handle hazardous wastes properly and to avoid disposing them into the environment. Economic theory and a few well-publicized cases, however, suggest that a number of factors may dilute the incentives posed by strict liability. In this paper, we run regressions relating unintended releases of pollution into the environment (aggregated at the state level, and followed over nine years from 1987 to 1995) to the imposition of strict liability on the polluter, exploiting variation across states in the liability provisions of their mini-Superfund laws, and in the years these were adopted. We experiment with instrumental variable...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Strict liability; Toxic spills; Policy endogeneity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; C33; K32.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10450

Accidents Waiting to Happen: Liability Policy and Toxic Pollution Releases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alberini,   Anna; Austin,   David H.
Proponents of environmental policies based on liability assert that strict liability imposed on polluters induces firms to handle hazardous wastes properly. We run regressions relating unintended pollution releases to strict liability imposed on polluters, exploiting variation across states and over time in the liability provisions of state mini-Superfund laws. Strict liability reduces the frequency and severity of pollution releases, provided it is modeled endogenously with the latter. Its effects vary with firm size. Partially sheltered from liability, small firms may have specialized in riskier production processes, but their number has not necessarily grown in response to the states' liability policy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Strict liability; Negligence; Hazardous waste; State environmental policy; Endogenous policy adoption; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; D72; K13.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10518

Accounting for Depletion of Oil and Gas Resources in Malaysia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Othman,   Jamal; Jafari,   Yaghoob.
This paper provides an assessment of the changes in the availability of oil and gas resources in Malaysia. The physical and monetary balance sheets for crude oil and natural gas for the period 2000- 2007 was constructed. The net present value of expected future incomes to reflect the value of resource change was calculated based on a physical extraction and a resource rent scenario. Resource rent is gross operating surplus less the estimated user cost of produced capital in the crude oil and natural gas extraction industry. We obtained the gross operating surplus by subtracting the value of consumption of employees and net taxes on production cost from the value added of petroleum domestic products. Our findings noted serious reduction of oil reserves from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Environmental Accounts; Accounting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100690

ACCOUNTING FOR SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERSHEDS IN EVALUATING WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLICIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qiu,   Zeyuan; Prato,   Anthony A.
This study evaluates three agricultural nonpoint pollution abatement policies: regulating the spatial pattern of agricultural activities, ambient tax, and abatement tax/subsidy.  All three policies incorporate spatial characteristics of agricultural emission loading and movement for an agricultural watershed in the Midwest.  The effects of spatial variation in natural conditions and landscape features on agricultural emissions and crop yield are evaluated using a newly developed biophysical simulation model and experimental data.  While the policies are equally cost effective in reducing agricultural nonpoint source pollution, their implementation feasibility is quite different.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Atrazine; Environmental policy; Nonpoint pollution; Simulation; Watershed management; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15135

Accounting for Transaction Costs in Point/Nonpoint Water Quality Trading Programs in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; McCann,   Laura M.J.
Transaction costs are commonly identified as a major reason why so few point/nonpoint trades have occurred in water quality trading programs.  We examine the transaction costs to buyers and sellers in Pennsylvania's trading program, and compare them to baseline costs.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Water quality trading; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123509

Accounting Systems for Environmental Credit Trading (Power Point Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hohenstein,   Bill.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33383

Accumulative Pollution, "Clean Technology," and Policy Design
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Withagen,   Cees; Toman,   Michael.
Environmental policymakers must address the adverse effects of a number of pollutants that accumulate in the environment. Goals for the regulation of these damages often involve holding long-term emissions below a level deemed to be "dangerous", or outright banning of offending products or processes along with subsidization of more "green" alternatives. This paper builds upon previous studies by Keeler, Spence, and Zeckhauser (1971) and Tahvonen and Withagen (1996) in addressing the optimal long-term management of an accumulative but assimilatable pollutant through policies that restrict more damaging production processes and thereby induce more benign alternatives. Using a simple general equilibrium approach, we consider the possibility that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Stock externalities; Nonconvexities; Sustainable development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; Q28; D62.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10748

Achieving Environmental Objectives Under Reduced Domestic Agricultural Support and Trade Liberalization: An Empirical Application to Taiwan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hung-Hao; Boisvert,   Richard N.; Blandford,   David.
We focus on rice policy reform required for Taiwan's admission to the WTO, and examine the effects, theoretically and empirically, of the re-instrumentation of domestic policy needed to achieve environmental objectives when both positive and negative environmental externalities exist. Policies that treat non-commodity attributes in agriculture as secondary to existing aims, such as income support, are unlikely to result in the desired supplies of environmental goods. Those supplies can be achieved at lower government and social costs using policy instruments to achieve environmental goals directly. Results are relatively insensitive to the social values assigned to environmental goods.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: WTO policy reform; Multifunctionality; Agri-environmental policy; Rice policy; Agricultural trade policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10201

Achieving sustainable food security and poverty reduction through consumer cooperatives in Hyderabad
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helmerich,   Juliana; Moid,   Ma; Hanisch,   Markus; Wulf,   Bernd.
The Old Town of Hyderabad is characterized by a great number of low-income households, poor infrastructure and limited access to basic amenities, subsequently resulting in high crime rates. In this very traditional and religious society, the majority of the women in the Bastis of the old town face restrictions, discrimination and inequality as well as the struggle for basic nutritional intake every day. To help them with their daily responsibilities and add value to their lives the Confederation of Voluntary Associations (COVA) has initiated self-organized self-help groups (SHG), which encourage these women to save money so that, further down the line, they can take a loan. This micro-credit approach has been successfully implemented in rural areas. In...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36910

Activity level, emission intensity, and optimal GHG abatement policy: An application to Norwegian agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David; Gaasland,   Ivar; Vardal,   Erling.
Despite the failure of the U.N. Copenhagen climate conference in December 2009 efforts are continuing to reach agreement on binding global commitments on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. At the same time, efforts are still underway to conclude the Doha Round of trade negotiations through the World Trade Organization (WTO). Both of these agreements could have a significant impact on the level of activity in agriculture and the GHG emissions that it generates. In this paper we explore strategies to comply with both trade liberalization and GHG emission reduction commitments. We examine the implications of trade liberalization and a carbon tax, both of which affect agricultural output, as means of achieving emission reductions. We emphasize two diametrically...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108780

Adaptation approaches to climate change in China: An operational framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jiahua,   Pan; Yan,   Zheng; Markandya,   Anil.
Climate change poses great risks for China, which makes adaptation an essential response. However, adaptation planning and implementation are still at a preliminary stage with respect to the theoretical framework and methodology. This article focuses on the status, problems and basic needs as regards adaptation to climate change, and outlines the operational framework that the government is seeking to pursue for China’s adapting to climate change. The conclusion is that, to satisfy the basic needs of development, it is necessary to clarify development-oriented and incremental adaptation. Furthermore measures to enhance adaptive capacity can be classified as infrastructure-based, technology-based and institutional. Lastly the authors stress the importance...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Incremental adaptation; Development-oriented adaptation; Approaches for adaptation; Economic analysis of adaptation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117619

Adaptation Can Help Mitigation: An Integrated Approach to Post-2012 Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco; Carraro,   Carlo; De Cian,   Enrica.
The latest round of international negotiations in Copenhagen led to a set of commitments on emission reductions which are unlikely to stabilise global warming below or around 2°C. As a consequence, in the absence of additional ambitious policy measures, adaptation will be needed to address climate-related damages. What is the role of adaptation in this setting? How is it optimally allocated across regions and time? To address these questions, this paper analyses the optimal mix of adaptation and mitigation expenditures in a cost-effective setting in which countries cooperate to achieve a long-term stabilisation target (550 CO2-eq). It uses an Integrated Assessment Model (AD-WITCH) that describes the relationships between different adaptation modes...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change Impacts; Mitigation; Adaptation; Integrated Assessment Model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q56; Q43.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116907

Adaptation, Mitigation and “Green” R&amp;D to Combat Global Climate Change. Insights From an Empirical Integrated Assessment Exercise
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco.
This work develops a framework for the analysis at the macro-level of the relationship between adaptation and mitigation policies. The FEEM-RICE growth model with stock pollution, endogenous R&amp;D investment and emission abatement is enriched with a planned-adaptation module where a defensive capital stock is built through adaptation investment. Within this framework the optimal path of planned adaptation, the optimal inter and intra temporal mix between adaptation, mitigation and investment in R&amp;D, and the sensitivity of a strategy to each other is identified. The major conclusions of this research show that adaptation, mitigation and R&amp;D are strategic complements as all concur together to the solution of the climate change problem; nonetheless...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change Impacts; Mitigation; Adaptation; Integrated Assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59746

Adaptation to Climate Change in a Rural Economy with Missing Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kraybill,   David S.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62188

Adaptation to Climate Change in Marine Capture Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grafton,   R. Quentin.
This Research Report responds to the challenge for marine capture fisheries of how and when to adapt to climate change. The report presents: (1) a set of fisheries climate change policy options (2) a risk and vulnerability assessment tool and management decision-making framework; and (3) ex ante and ex post climate adaptation possibilities in the marine environment.   The report also includes: (1) a discussion  of  how management objectives and instruments influence resilience and adaptation; (2) a decision-making process to assess vulnerabilities to climate change and to manage adaptation responses; (3) an inter-temporal framework to help decision-makers know when to adapt; (4) a risk and simulation approach to confront the uncertainties of the possible...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate adaptation; Climate change; Fisheries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94886

Adaptation to Climate Change: Land Use and Livestock Management Change in the U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mu,   Jianhong H.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Replaced with revised version of paper 01/26/11
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Stocking Rate; Land Use; Livestock Management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98708

ADAPTING AGRICULTURE AND RURAL VIRGINIA TO ENVIRONMENTAL RESTRAINTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14814

ADAPTING MORE CLEVERLY TO CLIMATE CHANGE BY USING ‘REAL OPTIONS’ TO ADDRESS THE UNCERTAINTIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobes,   Leo.
Scientists consider that some climate change is already inevitable, even if anthropogenic greenhouse emissions are stabilised immediately. Adaptation measures are therefore needed, irrespective of any mitigation action. But policy discussion is focussed on deterministic responses, generally risk-based "worst case‟ scenarios. An example is the development of more stringent standards for buildings and for coastal development. Such "climate proofing‟ is misconceived in the face of the huge uncertainties involved. Economists need to promote more rational policy frameworks that draw on cost-benefit analysis, including the use of "real options‟ to minimise the cost to society of adapting to climate change.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47615

AD-DICE: An Implementation of Adaptation in the DICE Mode
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Bruin,   Kelly C.; Dellink,   Rob B.; Tol,   Richard S.J.
Integrated Assessment Models (IAMS) have helped us over the past decade to understand the interactions between the environment and the economy in the context of climate change. Although it has also long been recognized that adaptation is a powerful and necessary tool to combat the adverse effects of climate change, most IAMs have not explicitly included the option of adaptation in combating climate change. This paper adds to the IAM and climate change literature by explicitly including adaptation in an IAM, thereby making the trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation visible. Specifically, a theoretical framework is created and used to implement adaptation as a decision variable into the DICE model. We use our new AD-DICE model to derive the adaptation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Integrated Assessment Modelling; Adaptation; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9548

Additional Action Reserve: A proposed mechanism to facilitate additional voluntary and policy emission reductions efforts in emissions trading schemes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Twomey,   Paul; Betz,   Regina; MacGill,   Iain; Passey,   Robert.
An additional action reserve (AAR) is proposed as a mechanism that allows government and voluntary private interests to make additional emission reductions beyond a national cap. A proportion of Australian emission units (AEUs) is set aside each year. The units can then be retired if state or local government, businesses or individuals take specific emission reduction measures that go beyond those expected from the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS). AEUs allocated to the reserve that are not retired through additional activities would be made available to CPRS participants.   By providing an upper bound to such actions, the scheme would limit uncertainty about how many permits are available for emitters. The scheme would also provide a limit to the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94944

ADDITIONALITY AND THE ADOPTION OF FARM CONSERVATION PRACTICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mezzatesta,   Mariano; Newburn,   David A.; Woodward,   Richard T.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/20/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation programs; Matching estimators; Additionality; Average treatment effects; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103592

ADDITIVE VERSUS PROPORTIONAL PEST DAMAGE FUNCTIONS: WHY ECOLOGY MATTERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitchell,   Paul D.
Economic analyses of pests typically assume damage is either additively separable from pest free yield or proportional to it.  This paper describes the ecological assumptions required for additive and proportional damage functions to demonstrate that both specifications are reasonable.  Ecological research supports a proportional damage function for competitive pests such as weeds, while for insect pests the appropriate damage function depends on the level of pest free yield.  Theoretical analysis identifies differences between additive and proportional damage functions in terms of the impact of pest control on output variance and the concavity of output in the pest control input.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pest Economics; Damage Function; Damage Control; Risk Reducing Input; Increasing Returns; Functional Response; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20775

Addressing the wicked problem of water resource management: An ecosystem services approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hearnshaw,   Edward J.S.; Tompkins,   Jean-Marie; Cullen,   Ross.
This paper develops a systematic assessment of the sustainability of ecosystem services provided by rivers impacted by water storage projects. Given the conflicting preferences amongst stakeholders and the incomplete, uncertain and contradictory understanding about river ecology it is recognized that managing water resources sustainably is a wicked problem. In order to address this wicked problem, the methods of multi-criteria analysis and graph analysis are applied, in accordance with integrated water resource management, to assess the potential of investing in water storage projects and explore for sustainable solutions through the construction of an ecosystem services index.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Ecosystem services index; Graph analysis; Integrated water resource management; Multi-criteria analysis; Sustainability; Wicked problems; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q27; Q51; Q58; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100556

Adjusting Carbon Cost Analyses to Account for Prior Tax Distortions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
This paper discusses how carbon abatement policies interact with the tax system, and how these interactions affect the overall costs of carbon controls. We provide formulas for adjusting cost estimates of auctioned and grandfathered carbon emissions from partial equilibrium energy models into rough estimates of general equilibrium costs that account for fiscal interactions. In the basic model with a tax on labor income, the general equilibrium costs of (revenue-neutral) auctioned permits are around 25% higher than the partial equilibrium costs; those of grandfathered permits, which do not directly raise revenues for recycling, are typically more than 100% higher. However, when allowance is made for complicating factors, such as the effect of tax subsidies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon permits; Tax distortions; Revenue recycling; General equilibrium costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Q28; H21.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10481

ADJUSTMENT COSTS OF AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY SWITCHINGS - A MULTI-AGENT APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balmann,   Alfons; Happe,   Kathrin; Kellermann,   Konrad; Kleingarn,   Anne.
More powerful computers, the better availability of micro-data, and the development of new modeling techniques, such as multi-agent systems, allows to analyze agricultural policies from the bottom up. We present such an approach that considers the spatial interaction of thousands of individually behaving heterogeneous farms and apply it to analyze agri-environmental policies for a selected intensive production region in the southwest of Germany.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20506

Adoption and Continued Use of Contour Cultivation in the Highlands of Southwest China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Hongmei; Huang,   Qiuqiong.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123952

Adoption and impacts of zero tillage as a resource conserving technology in the irrigated plains of South Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Erenstein,   Olaf; Farooq,   Umar; Malik,   R.K.; Sharif,   Muhammad.
The recent stagnation of productivity growth in the irrigated areas of the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia has led to a quest for resource-conserving technologies that can save water, reduce production costs and improve production. The present synthesis of two detailed country studies confirmed widespread adoption of zero tillage (ZT) wheat in the rice-wheat systems of India’s Haryana State (34.5% of surveyed households) and Pakistan’s Punjab province (19%). The combination of a significant “yield effect” and “cost-saving effect” makes adoption worthwhile and is the main driver behind the rapid spread and widespread acceptance of ZT in Haryana, India. In Punjab, Pakistan, adoption is driven by the significant ZT-induced cost savings for wheat...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Zero tillage; Rice; Wheat; Water conservation; India; Pakistan; Haryana; Punjab; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91816

ADOPTION OF CARBON-SEQUESTERING PRACTICES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND RISK-AVERSE FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: De Pinto,   Alessandro; Robertson,   Richard D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91272

Adoption of Clean Leather-Tanning Technologies in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen.
In many developing countries, a host of financial, institutional, and political factors hamstring conventional environmental regulation. Given these constraints, a promising strategy for controlling pollution is to promote the voluntary adoption of clean technologies. Although this strategy has received considerable attention in policy circles, empirical research on the adoption of clean technologies in developing countries is limited. This paper presents historical background and original survey data on the adoption of five clean tanning technologies by a sample of 137 leather tanneries in Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico, a city where tanneries have serious environmental impacts and conventional environmental regulation has repeatedly failed to mitigate the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean technology; Leather tanning; Developing country; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q55; Q56; 013; 033.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10881

Adoption of Cover Crops and Its Effect on Nitrogen Use by Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gabrielyan,   Gnel; Chintawar,   Sachin; Westra,   John V.
With increasing environmental concerns, increasing population, changing tastes and preferences of consumers towards healthier foods, and with more food safety requirements, agronomic practices have changed gradually to provide not only food and fiber but also public goods and other beneficial services from agriculture. Cover cropping is one type of technology increasingly being adopted by producers of multifunctional agriculture. Cover crops provide a range of benefits, both private and public. In this paper we identify factors affecting farmers’ choice to adopt cover crops. We examine the impact on nitrogen use from adopting cover crops and the resultant decrease in input costs. Using a two-stage approach that incorporates endogeneity of adoption in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cover crops; Nitrogen usage; Technology adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56520

Adoption of Environmental Best Practice Amongst Dairy Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bewsell,   Denise; Kaine,   Geoff.
The adoption of environmental management practices is addressed in this paper. The use of consumer behaviour theory and a market research approach is discussed by describing how it was used in the study. Qualitative methods were used to gather data from dairy farmers in four New Zealand catchments. The environmental practices explored were; excluding stock from waterways, reducing phosphorus use, improving soil macroporosity, managing effluent and improving the efficiency of border-dyke irrigation. The findings are discussed, highlighting that farm contextual factors influenced farmers’ decision making in terms of adopting environmental management practices. The results suggest that environmental practices need to be linked to farm context. This should...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environment; Adoption; Dairy farms; Context; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98494

Adoption of Environmental Management Systems by Farmers: An Empirical Application to ISO 14001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grolleau,   Gilles; Thomas,   Alban.
This article undertakes an empirical investigation of the determinants of voluntary adoption of the ISO 14001 environmental management system by French farmers. The adoption model incorporates the expected profitability of implementing the standard and investigates the impact of prior knowledge on the probability of adopting. Two information measures are considered: a “reported information” indicator and an “estimated knowledge” score. The probit parameter estimates reveal that, while the expected profitability of implementing the standard is a significant determinant of adoption, real and perceive prior knowledge measures play a significant but potentially counterintuitive role.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental management system; ISO 14001; Management-based approach; Probit model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; O33; Q16; Q29.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6323

Adoption of No-Tillage Practices, Other Conservation-Tillage Practices and Herbicide-Resistant Cotton Seed, and Their Synergistic Environmental Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Roland K.; English,   Burton C.; Gao,   Qi; Larson,   James A.
If adoption of herbicide-resistant seed and adoption of conservation-tillage practices are determined simultaneously, adoption of herbicide-resistant seed could indirectly reduce soil erosion and adoption of conservation-tillage practices could indirectly reduce residual herbicide use and increase farm profits.  Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between these technologies for Tennessee cotton production.  Evidence from simultaneous estimation of a trinomial logit model for adoption of no-tillage, other conservation-tillage, and conventional-tillage practices and a binomial logit model for adoption of herbicide-resistant and conventional cotton seed suggests a simultaneous relationship.  The elasticity for acreage in herbicide-resistant seed...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21304

Adoption of Phytase by Livestock Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stahlman,   Michael; McCann,   Laura M.J.; Gedikoglu,   Haluk.
Phytase represents a potential win/win management practice for non-ruminant producers since it can reduce the need for phosphorous supplementation and also result in lower phosphorous runoff.  Cost of phytase has decreased and cost of phosphorous has increased.  The reported adoption rate for phytase for non-ruminants was 17.2 percent, however it is currently added to virtually all swine and poultry premixes by feed manufacturers due to the cost savings.  People were more likely to say they use phytase if they think it is profitable, not time intensive, and improves water quality.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Manure; Phytase; Phosphorous; Adoption; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43235

Adoption of Pollution Prevention: The Role of Information Spillover, Mandatory Regulation, and Voluntary Program Participation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bi,   Xiang; Deltas,   George; Khanna,   Madhu.
Interest in promoting Pollution Prevention (P2) has been increasing since 1991, following the passage of the Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) of 1990. As part of the PPA, facilities that are subject to the Toxics Releases Inventory (TRI) are required to disclose the number of incremental P2 activities for each listed chemicals from 1991 onward. Though the disclosure is required by the PPA, the adoption of P2 remains a voluntary initiative by firms. To promote P2 ethic among firms, the U.S.EPA has established several voluntary programs and P2 information clearinghouse. P2 technologies were more likely to be facility- and operation- specific and involved considerable information costs and uncertainty. Firms might learn about P2 technologies from their peers...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pollution prevention; Toxics Release Inventory (TRI); Voluntary 33/50 program; Information spillover; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q55; C21; L51.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103741

Adoption of Soil Conservation Measures in Manilla Shire, New South Wales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sinden,   Jack A.; King,   David A.
Land in Manilla Shire, New South Wales, is characterised by serious soil erosion and land use is characterised by high rates of adoption of the recommended soil conservation measures. This behaviour is analysed to attempt to determine what factors are promoting soil conservation at each stage in the adoption process. The results suggest that policies to promote farmer perception of erosion problems should be formulated differently from those to promote actual adoption of the recommended measures. Perception of the problem depends mainly on the percentage of farm area that is eroded, but the likelihood of adoption depends mainly on the intensity of the erosion. The farmer's rating as an investor, the size and security of farm income, and the presence of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12257

ADOPTION OF SOIL CONSERVATION PRACTICES: A REVEALED PREFERENCE APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
The existing empirical literature on farmers' use of soil-conserving, runoff-reducing farming practices, while sizable, contains relatively little information on the influence of cost on adoption decisions and on how farmers combine multiple practices into an overall conservation package.  Such knowledge is important in light of current interest in reorienting agricultural policy toward environmental and resource conservation goals.  This paper uses farmer survey data combined with information on standard unit costs of installing seven soil-conserving, runoff-reducing practices obtained from a state cost sharing program to estimate latent demand models for each of these seven practices.  All seven exhibit downward sloping demand.  Topographical variations...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28609

Adverse Selection in Conservation Auctions: Theoretical and Experimental Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arnold,   Michael; Duke,   Joshua M.; Messer,   Kent D.
This paper evaluates land preservation and conservation programs by examining the performance of a discriminative auction that is often used to select parcels in the U.S. The paper hypothesizes that the auction is unlikely to be cost effective because an information asymmetry introduces adverse selection. Experiments are used to examine the extent of adverse selection and compare it to a baseline where no programs exist. Then, we examine the ability of two mechanisms to correct the incentive problem. The results show that adverse selection is likely to exist in conservation auctions (achieving just 60.7% of total possible social efficiency in the experiments) and that a mechanism can sort types so as to improve cost effectiveness with respect to the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61516

Adverse Selection in the Environmental Stewardship Scheme: Does the Higher Level Entry Scheme Design Reduce Adverse Selection?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quillerou,   Emmanuelle; Fraser,   Rob W.
The Environmental Stewardship Scheme provides payments to farmers for the provision of environmental services based on agricultural foregone income. This creates a potential incentive compatibility problem which, combined with an information asymmetry on farm land heterogeneity, could lead to adverse selection of farmers into the scheme. However, the Higher Level Scheme (HLS) design includes some features that potentially reduce adverse selection. This paper studies the adverse selection problem of the HLS using a principal agent framework at the regional level. It is found that, at the regional level, the enrolment of more land from lower payment regions for a given budget constraint has led to a greater overall contracted area (and thus potential...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adverse selection; Agri-environment; Environmental Stewardship; Principal-agent; Contract; Environmental Economics and Policy; D78; D82; H44; Q18; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51068

Adverse Selection in the Environmental Stewardship Scheme: Evidence in the Higher Level Stewardship Scheme?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quillerou,   Emmanuelle; Fraser,   Rob W.; Fraser,   Iain.
The Environmental Stewardship Scheme provides payments to farmers for the provision of environmental services based on foregone agricultural income. This creates a potential incentive compatibility problem which, combined with an information asymmetry on farm land heterogeneity, could lead to adverse selection of farmers into the Scheme and therefore reduced cost-effectiveness of the Scheme. This reduced cost-effectiveness would be represented by a systematic overpayment of farmers for the land enrolled into the Scheme, compared to the opportunity cost of production. This paper examines the potential adverse selection problem affecting the higher tier of the Environmental Stewardship, the Higher Level Stewardship, using a principal agent framework combined...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adverse selection; Agri-environment; Environmental Stewardship; Principal-agent; Contract; Environmental Economics and Policy; D78; D82; H44; Q18; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91676

Afforestation and Timber Management Compliance Strategies in Climate Policy. A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michetti,   Melania; Nunes Rosa,   Renato.
This paper analyzes the role of afforestation-reforestation and timber management activities, and their major and secondary economic effects in stabilizing climate during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. In particular, with a Computable General Equilibrium framework, the ICES model, it is inferred how forest carbon sequestration fits within the European domestic portfolio of a 2020-20 and 2020-30 climate stabilization policy. Afforestation and land use are accounted for by introducing their effects in the model. This is done by relying on carbon sequestration curves provided by Sohngen (2005), which describe the average annual cost of sequestration for selected world regions. Results show that afforestation and timber management could...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; General Equilibrium Modelling; Forestry; Afforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; Q23; Q24; Q52; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99641

Afforestation Generated Kyoto Compliant Carbon Offsets: A Case Study in Northeastern Ontario
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Biggs,   Jeffrey.
With the first commitment period beginning in 2008, resource managers are starting to consider the various management options available to them under the Kyoto Protocol. Though many papers discuss the potential for generating carbon offsets through afforestation at national, provincial and regional scales, none examine the factors critical to decision makers at the management unit level. This paper uses the best available modelling and economic data and applies it at the scale of the Timmins Management Unit (TMU), concentrating on the quality and availability of carbon budget models, domestic carbon market concerns (including price, leakage and permanence) and the presence of an enabling environment (considering government support, afforestation expertise,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Afforestation; Carbon markets; Carbon modelling; Enabling environment; Kyoto Protocol; Northeastern Ontario; Scenario development; Timmins management unit; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37007

AGENDA: A NEW TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE FARM MANAGEMENT, INTEGRATED IN THE AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF THE EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giupponi,   Carlo.
AGeNDA is an Italian acronym which stands for Analysis and Integrated Management of the Farm (Analisi e GEstione iNtegrata Dell'Azienda agraria). It denominates a new software developed by a research project carried out at the Department of Agronomy, Environment and Crop Production (DAAPV, University of Padova) in collaboration with the Environmental Protection Agency of the Veneto Region (ARPAV). Although developed from scratch, the software originates from a past joint research carried out by the two above mentioned institutions in collaboration with the Department of Agricultural Economics and the Center for Farm Financial Management (CFFM) of the University of Minnesota.  The joint research started in the early 1990's, focussing on the Planetor...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm management; Agri-environmental policy; Software; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14440

AGGREGATE ANALYSIS OF SITE-SPECIFIC POLLUTION PROBLEMS: THE CASE OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION FROM AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Segerson,   Kathleen; Opaluch,   James J.
Control of nonpoint sources of pollution has traditionally been within the domain of local decision makers in recognition of the critical importance of site-specific issues.  More recently attention has turned to the issue of what can and should be done at the regional or national level, while recognizing the importance of site-specific attributes.  This paper describes and illustrates an approach for analysis of nonpoint pollution problems that focuses jointly at the aggregate and disaggregate levels of the problem.  The approach is based on linking two tools of analysis, the microparameter distribution model and the Geographical Information Systems (GIS).  Although there are significant challenges to be overcome in implementing such an approach, linkage...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28818

Aggregate eco-efficiency indices for New Zealand – a Principal Components Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jollands,   Nigel; Lermit,   Jonathan; Patterson,   Murray.
Eco-efficiency has emerged as a management response to waste issues associated with current production processes. Despite the popularity of the term in both business and government circles, limited attention has been paid to measuring and reporting eco-efficiency to government policy makers. Aggregate measures of eco-efficiency are needed, to complement existing measures and to help highlight important patterns in eco-efficiency data. This paper aims to develop aggregate measures of eco-efficiency for use by policy makers. Specifically, this paper provides a unique analysis by applying principal components analysis (PCA) to eco-efficiency indicators in New Zealand. This study reveals that New Zealand's overall eco-efficiency improved for two out of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Policy development; Policy evaluation; Aggregate indices; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97773

Agrarpolitik als Management öffentlicher Güter: Zur Ökonomik der dezentralen Bereitstellung von Natur in der Kulturlandschaft
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nuppenau,   Ernst-August.
Political procedures aimed at solving conflicts of agriculture and the environment are becoming increasingly important. In contrast to previous research, property rights solutions are regarded as inappropriate to solve the conflicts between farming and nature conservation due to transaction costs. The political process is considered as a substitute for market transactions in an agri-environment being a public good and advised as an ecological main structure (EMS). The paper addresses the problem by introducing a public manager who is responsible for the provision of an ecological main structure. It applies a political economy model of social bargaining, shows how a tragedy of the commons problem may prevail in field margin provision, and outlines a social...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Political bargaining model; Ecological main structure; Nature provision; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98866

Agrarumweltpolitik
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holm-Muller,   Karin; Henrichsmeyer,   Wilhelm.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98256

Agrarumweltpolitik nach dem Subsidiaritätsprinzip - Föderalismustheoretische Grundlagen zur Politikgestaltung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rudloff,   Bettina.
The Theory of Fiscal Federalism offers a normative framework to evaluate the existing allocation of competences. To derive an actual relevant scope for reforms supporting an efficient Agri-environmental Policy the general theoretical criteria have to be specified. Thus, the parameters defining theoretically the optimal degree of centralisation will be applied to sectoral characteristics. Additional agri-environmental sub-competencies will be differentiated to identify deficits regarding the Principle of Equivalence. Based on this existing infringements with respect to agri-environmental measures are noticeable what requires a changed allocation of competences.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Fiscal federalism; Principle of subsidiarity; Fiscal equivalence; Agri-environmental spill-overs; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98259

AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR E SUSTENTABILIDADE: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NOS NÚCLEOS RURAIS DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO PIPIRIPAU/DF.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oliveira,   Maria Neuza Da Silva; Wehrmann,   Magda Eva.
A degradação ambiental, originária do modelo de civilização que a humanidade adotou, constitui-se em um dos mais graves problemas da civilização moderna e, o setor agropecuário está sendo considerado, um dos principais fatores dessa degradação. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho pretendeu dar uma contribuição ao debate sobre modelos sustentáveis de produção agropecuária no âmbito da bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Pipiripau. Essa bacia está inserida no Distrito Federal e no estado de Goiás e, a atividade predominante no âmbito da bacia é a agricultura, especificamente, no segmento da agricultura familiar. Pesquisas feitas nessa área revelam que, o modelo de exploração adotado nessa localidade não é sustentável do ponto de vista ambiental. Nesse sentido,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultura; Recursos Hídricos; Ribeirão Pipiripau e Sustentabilidade; Agriculture; Water resources; Pipiripau River and Sustainability; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113981

AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIC AGRICULTURE: NATIONAL ORGANIC STANDARDS, LABELING AND SECOND-GENERATION OF GM PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giannakas,   Konstantinos; Yiannaka,   Amalia.
This paper examines the effect of the introduction of labels for products of biotechnology on the markets for GM, conventional, and organic food products. In addition, the paper analyzes the market and welfare effects of the introduction of consumer-oriented, second-generation GM products. Analytical results show that while a no-labeling regime is generally beneficial for the organic sector, when segregation costs are sufficiently high the introduction of labels for GM products can enhance the consumption share and growth of the organic sector while driving the conventional products out of the market. The analysis also reveals that the introduction of the consumer-oriented GM products can change the nature of the relationship between GM and conventional...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22063

Agricultural Carbon and Greenhouse Gases: Moving to Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cummins,   James L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37378

Agricultural Clusters in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiminami,   Lily; Kiminami,   Akira.
The purpose of this study is to assess the potential of clustering in the development of agriculture and rural communities in China. We shall examine in detail the food industry, which is the link in the food chain that propels the industrialization of agriculture, and identify instances of industrial agglomeration and business collaboration. Next, we shall analyze the externalities (i.e. spillovers) of clusters, demand conditions in cluster formation, and the effectiveness of business collaborations.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural clusters; Rural development; Business collaboration; China; Japan; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; Public Economics; Q10; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51471

Agricultural Competitiveness and Environmental Quality: What Mix of Policies Will Accomplish Both Goals?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Creason,   Jared R.; Runge,   C. Ford.
Agricultural competitiveness and environmental quality are increasingly consensus objectives for American agriculture. Yet the institutional interests undergirding agricultural policy are often at odds with those promoting improved environmental quality. This paper examines ways in which institutional reforms can improve both agricultural competitiveness and the environment. Farmers, like other business managers, make decisions based on information received from markets and other sources. This report shows how farm management as an activity responds to signals from commodity markets, federal agricultural policies, federal and state environmental regulations, and private sector and university extension recommendations. These individual signals are examined...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50102

Agricultural Competitiveness, Farm Fertilizer and Chemical Use, and Environmental Quality: A Descriptive Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford; Munson,   Robert D.; Lotterman,   Edward D.; Creason,   Jared R.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94448

Agricultural Drainage and Gulf Hypoxia: Economic Targeting of Farmland to Reduce Nitrogen Loads in a Minnesota Watershed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrolia,   Daniel R.; Gowda,   Prasanna H.; Mulla,   David J.
Agricultural nitrogen losses are the major contributor to nitrogen loads in the Mississippi River, and consequently, to the existence of a hypoxic, or "dead", zone in the Gulf of Mexico.  Focusing on two small agricultural watersheds in southwestern Minnesota, simulation results from the Agricultural Drainage And Pesticide Management (ADAPT) model were combined with a linear-optimization model to evaluate the environmental and economic impact of alternative land-use policies for reducing nitrogen losses.  Of particular importance was the study's explicit focus on agricultural subsurface (tile) drainage, which has been identified as the major pathway for agricultural nitrogen losses in the upper Midwest, and the use of drainage-focused abatement policies....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Drainage; Hypoxia; ADAPT; Nitrogen; Watershed; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19416

Agricultural Environmental Indicators: Using OECD Agri-Environmental Indicators to Assess New Zealand Kiwifruit Orchards
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.; Kaye-Blake,   William; Campbell,   Rachel; Benge,   J.
Agri-environmental indicators (AEIs) developed by the OECD have been used to assess the environmental performance of the agricultural sector in developed countries. The Agricultural Research Group on Sustainability (ARGOS) in New Zealand has investigated using these AEIs to assess the performance of individual kiwifruit orchards. ARGOS is following panels of orchards to investigate the impacts of organic and conventional management systems on economic, sociological, and environmental dimensions of farming. The environmental monitoring of these orchards has provided data for calculating AEIs. The paper discusses the performance of ARGOS orchards, the impact of management systems, and the implications for future research.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental indicators; Kiwifruit; Organic agriculture; Sustainability; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97163

Agricultural Growth, Rural Poverty and Hunger In Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Otieno,   Zipora Awuor.
The long-term reduction of hunger and poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa remains one of the great challenges for the International development community. Poverty in Africa is predominately rural, majority of the poor people live in rural areas and are dependent on food production through farming or livestock keeping for most of their livelihood. It is estimated that over two hundred million people in Sub-Saharan Africa live in extreme poverty and among these are the rural poor in Eastern and Southern Africa where the worlds highest concentration of poor people are found. Given Agriculture’s central role in the region’s economies, can agriculture play a major role in poverty alleviation? How can Africa’s role in poverty reduction be enhanced? What could be done...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52179

AGRICULTURAL  INDUSTRIALIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Carlton George; Langham,   Max R.
Agricultural industrialization and sustainable development issues are important contemporary areas of debate.  This paper argues that the two processes are a consequence of a set of forces operating in our global system.  It outlines a number of conceptual interactions between the two phenomena and examines economic development and sustainable development policy implications that appear to be logical extensions of the arguments presented.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural industrialization; Sustainable agricultural development; Development assistance; Human capital; Market and policy failures; Public policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15341

Agricultural Insurances Based on Meteorological Indices: Realizations, Methods and Research Agenda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leblois,   Antoine; Quirion,   Philippe.
In many low-income countries, agriculture is mostly rain-fed and yields highly depend on climatic factors. Furthermore, farmers have little access to traditional crop insurance, which suffers from high information asymmetry and transaction costs. Insurances based on meteorological indices could fill this gap since they do not face such drawbacks. However their implementation has been slow so far.  In this article, we first describe the most advanced projects that have taken place in developing countries using these types of crop insurances. We then describe the methodology that has been used to design such projects, in order to choose the meteorological index, the indemnity schedule and the insurance premium. We finally draw an agenda for research in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Insurance; Climatic Risk; Environmental Economics and Policy; G21; O12; Q12; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91004

AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION BY SMALLHOLDERS IN THE WESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZON: FROM DEFORESTATION TO SUSTAINABLE LAND USE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vosti,   Stephen A.; Witcover,   Julie; Carpentier,   Chantal Line.
Despite the importance of tropical moist forests for conserving biodiversity and storing carbon, forests continue to fall, because the private benefits of clearing land for agriculture far outweigh tangible economic gains from retaining forests. This report measures the financial disparity between forested and cleared land for small-scale farmers in two settlements in the western Brazilian Amazon where pastures are expanding and forests receding. Considering smallholder land use decisions—when and how much to deforest and for what purpose—the report weighs the trade-offs and complementarities among three development objectives: economic growth through agriculture, environmental sustainability, and poverty alleviation. Drawing on field data collected in the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16528

Agricultural land management strategies to reduce phosphorus loads in the Gippsland Lakes, Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Anna M.; Pannell,   David J.; Doole,   Graeme J.; Vigiak,   Olga.
A target to reduce phosphorus flows into the Gippsland Lakes in south-eastern Australia by 40 per cent to improve water quality has previously been established by stakeholders. An integrated analysis at the catchment scale is undertaken to assess the agricultural land management changes required to achieve this target, and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these changes. It appears technically feasible to achieve a 40 per cent reduction in P load entering the lakes, but the least-costly way of doing so would require around A$1 billion over 20 years, a dramatic increase in the current levels of funding provided for management. On the other hand, a 20 per cent P reduction could be achieved at much lower cost: around $80 million over 20 years and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit: cost analysis; Dairy; Diffuse source; Trade-offs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q53; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102454

Agricultural Land Tenure and Carbon Offsets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Claassen,   Roger; Morehart,   Mitchell J.
Agricultural Land Tenure and Carbon Offsets examines the potential role that land ownership might play in determining the agricultural sector’s involvement in carbon sequestration programs. By estimating the carbon sequestration potential of agricultural producers who own most of the land they operate, this report finds that land ownership should not be a constraining factor in agriculture’s ability to provide carbon offsets.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Keywords: Climate change; Carbon sequestration; Carbon offsets; Cap and trade programs; Farmland ownership; Tenure; Farming practices; Conservation practices; Conservation Reserve Program; Crops; Livestock; Environmental services; ERS; USDA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58994

Agricultural Management module of FSSIM, Production Enterprice Generator, Production Technique Translator, Simple Management Translator and Technical Coefficient Generator
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Janssen,   Sander J.C.; Oomen,   Roelof; Hengsdijk,   Huib; van Ittersum,   Martin K.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57932

Agricultural Nutrient Nonpoint Source Credits: A Comparison of State Crediting Procedures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latane,   Annah; Stephenson,   Kurt.
This paper compares agricultural nonpoint source crediting procedures between the Pennsylvania and Virginia nutrient trading programs.   Differences in farm-level credit production across states will be evaluated for agricultural operations, holding nutrient reduction technologies constant. The implications for the agricultural sector and water quality are discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutrient trading; Credits; Agriculture; Nonpoint; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98823

AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION IN THE MINNESOTA RIVER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westra,   John V.
Phosphorus loads from agronomically diverse practices were simulated using representative farms from a heterogenous watershed of the Minnesota River.  Results from integrated bioeconomic analyses were used to test hypotheses about nontargeted and targeted nonpoint source phosphorus pollution abatement programs, with respect to net farm income and phosphorus loading.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21490

Agricultural Policies and Soil Degradation in Western Canada: An Agro-Ecological Economic Assessment: Project Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouzaher,   Aziz; Shogren,   Jason F.; Holtkamp,   Derald; Gassman,   Philip W.; Archer,   David W.; Lakshminarayan,   P.G.; Carriquiry,   Alicia L.; Reese,   Randall; Kakani,   Dharmaraju; Furtan,   William Hartley; Izaurralde,   R. Cesar; Kiniry,   James R.
This report describes an integrated agro-ecological modeling system that was developed to assess the potential economic and soil erosion impacts of different agricultural policies for the Canadian prairie provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. The system was constructed by linking erosion metamodels (response functions), based on multiple simulations of the USDA Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIIC), with a modified version of Agriculture Canada's Canadian Regional Agriculture Model (CRAM) denoted as RS-CRAM (resource sensitive CRAM). A summary of both the environmental and agricultural decision (RS-CRAM) components are presented, including a description of the modifications and enhancements that were made to CRAM.  Results of policy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18660

Agricultural Policies and Soil Degradation in Western Canada: An Agro-Ecological Economic Assessment: Report 3. The Integration of the Environmental and Economic Components
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouzaher,   Aziz; Shogren,   Jason F.; Holtkamp,   Derald; Gassman,   Philip W.; Archer,   David W.; Lakshminarayan,   P.G.; Carriquiry,   Alicia L.; Reese,   Randall; Furtan,   William Hartley; Izaurralde,   R. Cesar; Kiniry,   James R.
The interface between RS-CRAM and the environmental component of the integrated modeling system is described for crops, crop sequences, and management systems representative of western Canada.  An experimentally designed set of EPIC simulations were performed to generate erosion output that was used to construct wind and water erosion metamodels (response functions).  The results of the EPIC simulations indicate that wind and water erosion would be the dominant erosion problem over most of Saskatchewan and Manitoba.  For Alberta, water erosion was predicted to be the dominant problem, except for the southern portion of the province.  Erosion impacts were sensitive to tillage and cropping patterns.  EPIC-predicted yields did not vary much across tillage, a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18681

Agricultural Policies and Soil Degradation in Western Canada: An Agro-Ecological Economic Assessment: Report 4. Modifications to CRAM and Policy Evaluation Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouzaher,   Aziz; Shogren,   Jason F.; Holtkamp,   Derald; Gassman,   Philip W.; Archer,   David W.; Lakshminarayan,   P.G.; Carriquiry,   Alicia L.; Reese,   Randall; Kakani,   Dharmaraju; Furtan,   William Hartley; Izaurralde,   R. Cesar; Kiniry,   James R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18674

AGRICULTURAL POLICY, LAND USE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS: STUDIES IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH SYNTHESIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oltmer,   Katrin.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29088

AGRICULTURAL PRICE, QUANTITY, AND WELFARE EFFECTS OF AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; Shortle,   James S.
The failure to allow for significant crop quality effects in a partial-equilibrium model can lead to misleading inferences about the price, output and welfare implications of air quality improvements.  It has been observed that air pollutants such as ozone, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide affect the yield and quality of many crops.  The economic benefit from improving air quality in crop producing regions has been measured using a partial-equilibrium approach which accounts only for supply shifting yield effects.  It is shown that a yield-effect only model will underestimate output increases and benefits from an air quality improvement when commodity quality improvements as well as yield increases are forthcoming.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28877

Agricultural Production Survey Frames: Changes over time, issues, and challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Watt,   Jean.
New Zealand has a long history of producing official statistics on agricultural, horticultural, and forestry production. Having a good population or survey frame is a key factor enabling the collection and production of quality statistics. Several population frames have been used over time for agricultural production censuses and surveys. These include land based frames, administrative registers, farmer and grower lists, and combinations of these. This paper discusses the frame currently used and earlier frames and associated challenges, including: the transition from a land based to administrative frame, coverage issues, frame updating, and issues when comparing statistics based on different frames. The paper discusses frames used for the production of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Statistics; Population; Survey; Frame; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96951

Agricultural Productivity and Anticipated Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Spatial Sample Selection Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   Patrick S.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Flores-Lagunes,   Alfonso.
A cereal yield response function is estimated conditional upon environmental and topographical features to detect the effects of spatial heterogeneity and spatial dependence in explaining agricultural productivity across Sub-Saharan Africa. Controlling for direct and localized spillover effects, we then estimate the effect that projected changes in temperature and precipitation as a result of global climate change will have on agricultural production. We find that the estimated declines found in the climatological literature may overestimate actual declines, and factors such as spatial heterogeneity (i.e., country fixed effects) are profoundly more important to agricultural production.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Production; Climate Change; Applied Spatial Econometrics; Sample Selection; Generalized Method of Moments Estimation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; I3; Q18; C50.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61635

Agricultural Productivity and Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kibonge Naik,   Aziza.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61899

Agricultural Productivity and Environmental Impacts: The Role of Non-parametric Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaik,   Saleem; Perrin,   Richard K.
Our contribution in this article is to compare two methods of adjusting agricultural productivity estimates for the effects of bad environmental outputs. One method is a direct non-parametric Malmquist index with the environmental variables include.  The other method is to use the shadow prices from the Malmquist analysis to modify a Tornqvist-Theil with shadow shares for the environmental variables.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20565

Agricultural Productivity, Climate Change and Water availability in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kibonge Naik,   Aziza.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104001

Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators, 2006 Edition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wiebe,   Keith D.; Gollehon,   Noel R.
This is a large file. We have had reports of problems opening the file in Mozilla Firefox. If you have problems, try using Windows Internet Explorer.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: ERS; AREI; Agricultural economics; Natural resources; Land; Land use; Land values; Land ownership; Water use; Irrigation; Water quality; Genetic resources; Biotechnology; Agricultural research; Agricultural productivity; Global resources; Soil conservation; Soil erosion; Pest management; Nutrient management; Animal agriculture; Organic agriculture; Conventional agriculture; Conservation policy; Land retirement; Working lands; Wetlands; Farmland protection; Environmental quality; Farm structure; Farm ownership; Farm management decisions; Farm business; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7207

Agricultural Sustainability and the Introduction of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
In order to cater for the predicted growth in global population and aspirations for increased living standards, the world needs to increase substantially its level of agricultural production and sustain agriculture’s increased productivity. New technologies may enable this to occur but they also bring with them increased sustainability problems. There are many complex dimensions to achieving agricultural sustainability such as deciding on what agricultural attributes are worth sustaining and considering what trade-offs in objectives are required. These issues are discussed from a conceptual point of view. It is also shown using economic theory that market-based agriculture limits the opportunity for individual farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural sustainability; Biodiversity; Co-evolution; Economic sustainability; Genetically modified organisms; GMOs; Monopolisation; Patents; Social sustainability.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q000; Q010; Q200; Q300; Q500; Q570.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55335

Agricultural Sustainability in Marginal Areas: Principles, Policies and Examples from Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: South Asia; Agricultural sustainability; Natural resource conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53635

Agricultural Trade Liberalisation and Strategic Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glebe,   Thilo W.; Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe.
We use an extended partial equilibrium trade model to derive optimal environmental policy responses to tariff reduction requirements and assess the impact of such policies on the welfare of trading partners. We find that countries which attribute preferential political weights to farmers' welfare have an incentive to implement environmental policies that deviate from the Pigouvian solution - even if production is not de facto linked to environmental externalities. We clarify the conditions under which trading partners do not gain from unilateral trade liberalisation if trade concessions are accompanied by strategic environmental policy changes. We postulate a role for the WTO in overseeing the process of domestic policy formulation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalisation; Strategic environmental policy; Multifunctionality; Agri-environmental policy; WTO; Environmental Economics and Policy; D60; F11; F18; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24609

Agricultural Trade Liberalization and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Modeling the Linkages Using a Partial Equilibrium Trade Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.; Wreford,   Anita.
Global attempts to limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions may impact on agricultural trade and producer returns, particularly in countries such as New Zealand, where a relatively large proportion of GHG emissions originate from the agricultural sector. This study uses an extended partial equilibrium agricultural trade model to analyze the effects of trade policy liberalization on agricultural production and trade, as well as on GHG emissions. Further analysis combines trade liberalization with GHG mitigation policy in the New Zealand and European dairy sectors, and the effects on producer returns and GHG emissions are predicted. As expected, full trade liberalization in the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries enhances...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Partial equilibrium trade model; Agricultural production system; Greenhouse gas emissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10190

Agricultural Value Chain Development in West Africa – Methodological framework and case study of mango in Benin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Melle,   Cathelijne; Coulibaly,   Ousmane; Hell,   Kerstin.
Globalization and competitiveness of agricultural commodities could have significant potential benefits for food security and poverty reduction in West Africa. Participation in global trade and economy is potentially important but not enough to ensure benefits at all levels of the chains and equitable distribution of income for each participant. Efficiency is key in the commodity value chain, but effective support functions and services, infrastructure, legal and policy environment are important. This paper presents the framework of value chain concept and analysis, as a guide to enhance competitiveness of commodities at national, regional or global level. The paper applies the value chain framework to a case study on mango in Benin, West Africa. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Benin; Mango; Value chain; West Africa; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51994

Agricultural water management in a water stressed catchment: lessons from the RIPARWIN project
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCartney,   Matthew P.; Lankford,   Bruce A.; Mahoo,   Henry F.
With contributions from Julien Cour, Reuben Kadigi, Japhet Kashaigili, Magayane Machibya, Abraham Mehari, Sylvie Morardet, Kossa Rajabu, Charles Sokile, Siza Tumbo, Barbara van Koppen, Thalia Vounaki and Daniel Yawson
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: River basin management; Water stress; Irrigation programs; Irrigation management; Irrigation efficiency; Water use; Water allocation; Wetlands; Water rights; Water law; Economic aspects; Water rates; User charges; Water users associations; Decision support tools; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37668

Agricultural water markets: exploring limits and opportunities in Italy and Spain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pujol,   Joan; Raggi,   Meri; Viaggi,   Davide.
Agriculture is the main water-using sector in Southern European Countries, such as Spain and Italy. Innovative institutional solutions for reducing water use or increasing its efficiency are pursued by recent legislation concerning water, in particular by the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Even if not explicitly considered by the directive, water markets may be seen as a kind of instrument responding to the guiding principles of the upcoming water regulation.  The issue of water markets is very much debated in the water economics literature and particularly in the agricultural water literature. Water markets refer to a mechanism of water allocation based on the exchange of rights on water use. Water markets are proposed and supported by economic theory...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14860

Agricultural Water Security and Instream Flows for Endangered Salmonids in Coastal California's Watersheds
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mezzatesta,   Mariano; Newburn,   David A.; Brozovic,   Nicholas.
Many rural landowners within the Western United States do not have access to a secure water supply provided by a major dam or an irrigation district. Such water users must rely instead on groundwater pumping and/or seasonal water flows from tributaries. Some of these agricultural producers choose to store winter stream flows from tributaries within onsite reservoirs to secure their spring/summer water needs. However, regulatory agencies have increased restrictions on surface water storage and diversions to improve instream flows for endangered salmon, thus reducing water security for many landowners not located along the main stem.  The majority of salmon habitat is within the tributaries located throughout a watershed. Most research regarding instream...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Instream flow; Salmon; Endangered species; Water; Watershed; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61485

Agricultural yield expectations under climate change - a Bayesian approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krause,   Jette.
In the years to come, German wheat, corn and aggregated cereal yields can be expected to show growing deviations from a linearly increasing trend. This results from the Bayesian Updating approach I apply to agricultural yield data. The updating procedure is carried out on a set of hypotheses on yield development, which are weighted in the light of yield data from 1950 through 2006. All hypotheses share the assumption of a linear yield trend with normally distributed variance of actual data from this trend, but differ in regard to possible future developments. The set of hypotheses allows for both the trend and the variance of data to stay unchanged, increase or decrease by 20 per cent from one period to the next. As a result, yield expectations converge to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bayesian updating; Agricultural yields; Expectation; Risk; Climate change; Trend; Variance; Volatility; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9273

AGRICULTURALLY INDUCED ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN RUSSIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shvytov,   Igor.
This paper is concerned with environmental impacts in Russia, focusing in particular on agriculturally induced environmental impacts. First it discusses the current environmental situation in Russia. The paper provides an overview of Russia, including a description of its geographical and bioclimatic resources. The environmental pressures induced by human activity have been covered in more detail. The current situation regarding atmospheric emissions and waste water discharges are also considered in this paper. The environmental impacts of agriculture are stressed, with a focus on land degradation and especially soil erosion. A discussion of some policy suggestions to avoid environmental problems concludes the paper.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14895

Agriculturally Related Environmental Issues in Free Trade Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
The consideration of environmental matters in trade liberalization agreements has become an issue since they were included in NAFTA and recognized Uruguay round agreement that created the WTO. Many WTO members, especially the less developed countries, remain opposed to including environmental issues in trade agreements. However, Canada, the U.S. and a few other countries now include environmental provisions in their bilateral and regional trade agreements; the U.S. is required to do so under its 2002 Trade Promotion Act (PL 107-210). Furthermore, the declaration establishing the Doha Round of multilateral negotiations recognizes a role, albeit a limited one, for the environment in negotiating the next multilateral trade liberalization agreement....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade and environment; Agricultural trade; Trade liberalization; Doha Round; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25756

AGRICULTURE AND CITIZEN COMPLAINTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raymond,   Mark; Weersink,   Alfons.
The paper addresses the relationship between agricultural spills and environmental complaints filed by citizens against agriculture.  It also determines the influence of other factors on the likelihood of both farm spills and complaints within a region.  The relationships have been estimated using a unique data set containing the number of spills and complaints along with regional data such as the stringency of environmental regulations and socio-economic variables.  Different environmental regulations do appear to have an effect on the spills and complaints.  By-laws on the size of manure storage facility in relation to the number of livestock housed influence the likelihood of spills within a region.  Larger storages decrease the number of annual manure...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22071

AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE EU: GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND ABATEMENT COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Cara,   Stephane; Jayet,   Pierre-Alain.
This paper addresses the assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in the European Union. We first estimate and compare net emissions from agricultural activities in twelve EU countries. These estimates are based on a set of farm-unit linear-programming models. We then use these models to derive marginal and total abatement costs associated with different levels of reduction targets (dual approach) and different values of carbon-equivalent emissions (primal approach). Finally, we explore the possibility of allowing afforestation on set-aside land. This paper highlights the discrepancies between countries regarding abatement costs and their sensitiveness to the accounting for carbon sequestration.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20577

AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: RECENT UNITED STATES AND AUSTRALIAN DEVELOPMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hyberg,   Bengt; Pascoe,   Sean.
Agricultural development in both the United States and Australia has led to suboptimal levels of environmental degradation.  While both countries face similar forms of agricultural environmental degradation, the different resource endowment and population distributions have resulted in a different incidence of the costs of these problems.  Increasing demand for environmental services and better information on off-site damages have led to increasing demand for reform of agricultural, rural development, and environmental programs to eliminate biases against practices viewed as more environmentally compatible.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28813

Agriculture and global climate stabilization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quiggin,   John C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53204

Agriculture and Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adams,   Damian C.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q18; Q48; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93679

AGRICULTURE AND GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION: WHO, WHAT, HOW, WHERE, AND WHEN?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paustian,   Keith H.
Speech and PowerPoint Presentation
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33477

Agriculture and The Challenge to Reduce Poverty in East Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lazaro,   Evelyne A.; Makindara,   Jeremia R.
The three East African (EA) countries Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda have a population of about 95 million people and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of USD 34.2 billion. In recent years efforts has been made among the three East African countries, towards forging economic and regional co-operation by establishing the East African Community (EAC). The premise for economic and regional co-operation has been underpinned for the need for a common market and boost regional trade. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to achieve one of the international development objectives of increasing growth to 7% a year that is required to reduce income poverty. One of the challenges that East African countries need to tackle in the face of globalisation is the ability to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52104

Agriculture and the conservation of wildlife biodiversity – comparative analysis of policies in the USA and the EU (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nitsch,   Heike; Manale,   Andrew; Osterburg,   Bernhard.
Presented to USDA Economists Group, Washington, DC
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wildlife; Biodiversity; Agriculture; Cross compliance; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51929

AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
The distinctive nature of environmental quality problems in agriculture—an industry based on the extraction of highly variable natural resources under stochastic conditions—has important implications for policy design.  First, we examine the source of environmental quality problems and the strength of incentives for resource stewardship that may incidentally induce farmers to protect environmental quality.  In turn, we examine environmental policy design under two features that are pervasive in agriculture: (1) heterogeneity caused by resource variability and (2) uncertainty.  Next, we examine the effects of interactions between agricultural, environmental, and resource policies.  Finally, we review important areas for further research.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28567

AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE 1990S: CHANGING SETTING AND CHARACTERISTICS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zinn,   Jeffrey A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17195

AGRICULTURE AS A MANAGED ECOSYSTEM:  POLICY IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antle,   John M.; Capalbo,   Susan Marie.
One of the greatest challenges facing agriculture for the foreseeable future is to resolve conflicts caused by a growing competition for the services of the soil, water, and other natural resources on which agriculture depends-driven by growing demands for food, fiber, and for nonagricultural services these resources provide.  To meet this challenge, research is needed which is integrated across the relevant sciences to better understand and predict the properties of agricultural production systems in all of the dimensions that have come to be represented by the concept of sustainability.  If we were to achieve this capability to analyze agriculture as a managed ecosystem, it would be possible to move beyond the current regime of agricultural policies,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31079

Agriculture, Environmental Services and Agro-Tourism in the Dominican Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Catalino,   Alejandro Herrera; Lizardo,   Magdalena.
This paper analyzes the links between agriculture and tourism. A contingent valuation study assesses tourist's willingness to pay (WTP) for agro-tourism and agriculture's positive environmental services and related positive externalities. The paper analyzes factors influencing tourist preferences in the Dominican Republic (DR) -- tourist income, the local tourist destination, sex, and nationality stand out among these factors. Estimates are given for different WTP scenarios according to farming systems. The study argues that a well developed agro-tourism industry would result in a market mechanism generating additional income of US $251 to US $364 million annually. Agro-tourist activities would have the added benefit of promoting sustainable agricultural...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Dominican Republic; Contingent valuation; Environment; Tourism; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12008

Agriculture for Food and Nutrition Security: A Must For Achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dittoh,   Saa; Abizari,   Abdul-Razak; Akuriba,   Margaret A.
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) underscore an overriding importance of human development for sustained economic, social, political and other development, and nutrition is the beginning of human development. Nutrition has, however, not been viewed as a development imperative in many African countries. Agricultural and health policies, projects and programmes and the conduct of agricultural and health research in most African countries do not consider nutrition to any significant degree.  The paper argues that food production, poverty, malnutrition and health are very intricately linked and the result of that linkage is probably the most important determinant of development and, thus, the realization of the MDGs in Africa.  It also argues that it is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52217

Agriculture in a Water-Scarce World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gilmour,   Brad; Jotanovic,   Aleksandar; Gurung,   Rajendra Kumar; Polcyn,   Tania; Deng,   Hugh.
With a relatively small population and 7% of the world's available freshwater resources, Canada is well placed for a world of water scarcity where the real value of water in its many uses becomes more and more apparent.  However, action is necessary to ensure that Canada continues to benefit from the social, economic and environmental goods and services derived from water resources. Experience and analysis suggests that policy and incentives play critical roles in the sustainable exploitation of natural resources. In particular, properly valuing water in all its forms and uses appears to be critical.   Analysis abroad has underlined the benefits of clearly delineating the roles of regulators, resource managers, infrastructure operators and service...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water; Governance; Scarcity; Incentives; Sustainability; Valuation; Accountability; Transparency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46689

AGRICULTURE IN AN ECOSYSTEMS FRAMEWORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aillery,   Marcel P.; Hrubovcak,   James; Kramer,   Carol S.; Shoemaker,   Robbin A.; Tegene,   Abebayehu.
By broadening the definition of an ecosystem to include economic activities, can we better characterize the interactions and relationships among agricultural activities and important indicators of ecological system health?  This paper addresses research approaches for assessing the role of agriculture in an ecosystems context.  Environmental regulation and resource management policies have heightened the interest in understanding interactions among agricultural activities and the natural resource base, including the impacts of agriculture on environmental quality and the impacts on agriculture of ecosystem restoration efforts.  What are the most meaningful indicators of environmental quality?  Which agricultural practices and policies should be considered,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31398

Agriculture, Structural Change and Socially Responsible Development in China and Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The gradualism of economic reforms in China and Vietnam (especially in China, which has led the way in this regard) has been commented on favourably by many analysts studying transitional economies. Early market reforms in China and Vietnam were constrained by political considerations and consequently, began in agriculture and in China’s case, in rural areas with the development of town-and-village enterprises as well. It is argued that at the time when the reforms began, they were socially responsible. However, they have created a legacy which has resulted in agricultural land disputes and many town-and-village enterprises now face new economic challenges resulting in social conflict as the structure of China’s economy alters and greater market...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Commercialisation of agriculture; Economic reform; Land rights; Town-and-village enterprises; Transitional economies; Vietnam.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; P21; P25; P31; P32.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123022

AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN LATIN AMERICA: A 2020 PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trigo,   Eduardo J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16336

Agriculture's Contribution to Swiss Climate Policy: Results of an Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartmann,   Michael.
Greenhouse gas emissions from Swiss agriculture have been reduced by about 8 % since 1990. Hence, Swiss agriculture has already contributed 13 % to the national Kyoto target, although it is not legally bound to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Since the reductions are a result of changes of agricultural policy and relative prices, related income losses can not be attributed to climate policy. In other words, the agricultural sector did not have to bear effective emission abatement costs.  If the current agricultural policy is continued, further reductions of agricultural GHG emissions by 3 to 10 % can be expected until 2010. These expectations are based on economic calculations made with the integrated agricultural allocation model S_INTAGRAL. Accordingly,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32005

Agri-environment Policy Design With Hidden Information and Hidden Action: Input Quotas vs Input Charges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ozanne,   Adam; White,   Benedict.
Moxey, White and Ozanne (1999) have shown how transfer payments coupled with input quotas can be used to design optimal truth-telling mechanisms for voluntary agri-environmental schemes under hidden information about compliance costs. Ozanne, Hogan and Colman (2001) adapted the Moxey et al. model to analyze hidden action in such schemes, analyzing the relationships between input abatement, the cost of monitoring compliance and farmers’ risk preferences. White (2002) extended the Moxey et al. model to analyze the design of contracts under both hidden action and hidden information, but used an input charge/transfer payment approach rather than the original input quota/transfer payment one. In addition, he assumed that farmers caught cheating face a variable...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58196

Agri-environmental conservation – the case for an environmental levy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crean,   Jason.
Recent environmental assessments have highlighted the extent of land degradation in Australia and the significant costs involved in addressing it. With projected investment costs running into tens of billions of dollars, it is not surprising that greater attention is now being focussed on who should pay. One idea gathering significant momentum has been the imposition of an environmental levy. Such a levy would raise public funds to be spent on resource degradation issues and has been proposed to work through the taxation system in a similar fashion to the Medicare levy, albeit for a more limited 10 year period. The paper assesses the arguments behind the imposition of an environmental levy and considers some of the issues associated with its effective...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environment; Cost-sharing; Property rights; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57856

AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: HUNGARY AFTER EU ACCESSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kovacs,   Judit Katona.
In Hungary, similarly to developed countries, the share of agriculture in the GDP has declined. Even so, preparation of the sector’s long term strategy is crucial, as the role of agriculture exceeds the results represented in the GDP. Environmental and social functions of agriculture are revaluated in developed countries, and consumers at the end of the food chain actually govern the entire process. This is why information plays an increasingly important role, and gives signals (Verbeke, 2005) to the actors in the economy and society. This research area is diverse (including agricultural policy, environmental policy, rural development and sustainable development), and so I applied an interdisciplinary approach and conducted an integrated examination. The...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agri-environment; Leader; Rural development; Social capital; Sustainability; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43574

AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES IN A TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY: THE VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY IN HUNGARIAN HOME GARDENS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birol,   Ekin; Smale,   Melinda; Gyovai,   Agnes.
Agricultural biodiversity is an environmental resource. Much of the agricultural biodiversity remaining in situ today is found on the semi-subsistence farms of poorer countries and the small-scale farms or home gardens of more industrialized nations. The traditional small farms of Hungary are labelled "home gardens" as a reflection of their institutional identity during the collectivisation period. Homesteads managed with family labor, they continue to serve essential food security and diet quality functions during economic transition. Home gardens contribute to the preservation of rural settlements and cultural heritage, and they contain relatively high levels of several components of agricultural biodiversity. The role of home gardens in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural biodiversity; In situ conservation; Choice experiment method; Hungary; Home garden; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60331

Agri-Environmental Policies When the Spatial Pattern of Biodiversity Reserves Matters
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bamiére,   Laure; David,   Maia; Vermont,   Bruno.
The aim of this paper is to compare different policy instruments for cost-effective habitat conservation on agricultural lands, when the desired spatial pattern of reserves is a random mosaic. We use a spatially explicit mathematical programming model which studies the farmers' behavior as profit maximizers under technical and administrative constraints. Facing different policy measures, each farmer chooses its land-use at the field level, which determines the landscape at the regional level. A spatial pattern index (Ripley L function) is then associated to the obtained landscape, indicating on the degree of dispersion of the reserve. We compare a subsidy per hectare of reserve with an auction scheme and an agglomeration malus. We find that the auction is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policies; Biodiversity; Mathematical programming; Spatial optimization; Reserve design; Cost-efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H23; Q57; Q12; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114239

Agri-Environmental Policy and Moral Hazard under Output Price and Production Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yano,   Yuki; Blandford,   David.
Several theoretical and empirical models have been developed to examine how risk aversion affects compliance with agri-environmental schemes under asymmetric information and uncertainty. However, none has examined the case where the level of compliance is a continuous variable and producers face simultaneous monitoring, output price and production uncertainty. Treating conservation effort as a continuous variable, we show that risk aversion can mitigate the moral hazard problem in most cases. However, if conservation effort has a risk-increasing impact on production the effect of risk aversion on compliance is ambiguous.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental schemes; Uncertainty; Moral hazard; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44323

Agri-Environmental Policy at the Crossroads: Guideposts on a Changing Landscape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Claassen,   Roger; Hansen,   LeRoy T.; Peters,   Mark; Breneman,   Vincent E.; Weinberg,   Marca; Cattaneo,   Andrea; Feather,   Peter; Gadsby,   Dwight M.; Hellerstein,   Daniel; Hopkins,   Jeffrey W.; Johnston,   Paul V.; Morehart,   Mitchell J.; Smith,   Mark.
Agri-environmental policy is at a crossroads. Over the past 20 years, a wide range of policies addressing the environmental implications of agricultural production have been implemented at the Federal level. Those policies have played an important role in reducing soil erosion, protecting and restoring wetlands, and creating wildlife habitat. However, emerging agri-environmental issues, evolution of farm income support policies, and limits imposed by trade agreements may point toward a rethinking of agri-environmental policy. This report identifies the types of policy tools available and the design features that have improved the effectiveness of current programs. It provides an indepth analysis of one policy tool that may be an important component of a...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Conservation programs; Environmental policy; Agricultural policy; Policy instruments; Agricultural program design; Soil erosion; Nitrogen runoff; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33983

AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN GERMANY - SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION -
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weingarten,   Peter.
This paper is concerned with agri-environmental policy in Germany and focuses in particular on soil and water conservation. At first it discusses to what extent agriculture contributes to erosion and the pollution of surface waters and groundwater with nutrients and pesticides. Whereas erosion is a minor problem in Germany water pollution due to modern and intensive agriculture is of major concern. In theory, a broad range of environmental policy instruments exists. In practice, agri-environmental policy in Germany is dominated by command-and-control-measures, whereas incentivebased measures are of minor importance. In this paper recent developments of the most important legal and institutional settings concerning soil and water conservation policies are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14912

Agri-Environmental Policy in Germany: Understanding the Role of Regional Administration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eggers,   Jorg; Laschewski,   Lutz; Schleyer,   Christian.
With regard to agri-environmental schemes under Regulation (EC) No. 1257/1999 in Europe a rather divers uptake as well as a lack of effectiveness and efficiency of these current schemes can be observed.  In contrast to most of the related literature, we suggest that the ineffectiveness and inefficiency is inherent to the way those schemes are currently institutionalised in the framework of European agricultural policies. The paper draws on experiences made within the GRANO research project on Approaches for Sustainable Agricultural Production in Northeast Germany. Among other sub-projects, round tables, so-called Agri-Environmental Forums (AEF), were installed in two districts in Brandenburg to integrate local actors directly into the process of designing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18832

Agri-environmental Policy in the European Union:  Who's in Charge?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baylis,   Katherine R.; Peplow,   Stephen; Rausser,   Gordon C.; Simon,   Leo K.
The EU has argued that some agricultural subsidies are needed to provide the optimal amount of externalities (both positive and negative) produced by agriculture.  The argument is that agriculture is "multifunctional" and externalities such as rural development and landscape would be underproduced, while some forms of pollution (such as nitrogen runoff) would be overproduced without government intervention.  Meanwhile, the United States has raised the concern that multifunctionality is primarily an argument to transfer income to producers.   One way to try and determine how much of these non-commodity payments are directed to externalities and how much is intended to distribute income to producers is to analyze the variation of the programs among the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24162

Agri-environmental Policy in the European Union:  Who's in Charge?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baylis,   Katherine R.; Peplow,   Stephen; Rausser,   Gordon C.; Simon,   Leo K.
European Union (EU) agri-environmental programmes (AEPs) represent a significant step in the region's efforts to decouple agricultural output from production and export subsidies. While AEPs comprise only a small share of EU agricultural support, they have two possible external impacts: 1) the composition of the EU's imports and exports may change as their producers become more market responsive; and 2) the WTO's Green Box (subsides considered minimally trade distorting and hence not disciplined) may become increasingly contentious. Our concern is with the drivers of AEPs in the EU and their implications for Canada.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24149

Agri-Environmental Policy: Understanding the Role of Regional Administration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eggers,   Jorg; Laschewski,   Lutz; Schleyer,   Christian.
With regard to agri-environmental schemes (AES) under Regulation (EC) 1257/99, we suggest that their ineffectiveness, inefficiency, and divers uptake is inherent to the way they are institutionalised in the European CAP framework. Based on experiences of the GRANO research project that initiated two Agri-Environmental Forums in Brandenburg (Germany) to integrate local actors directly into designing and implementing local AES we argue that the process of designing AES can be conceptualised as a complex negotiation process at Laender level. The related institutional settings shape possible outcomes and scheme designs. With only "passive support" for decentralised and participatory approaches yet compulsory complex bureaucratic procedures on part of the EU,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Subsidiarity principle; Germany; Environmental Economics and Policy; H11; H77; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24496

Agri-Environmental Program Compliance in a Heterogeneous Landscape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Lichtenberg,   Erik; Ollikainen,   Markku.
Heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes may necessitate the use of spatially targeted instrument combinations to implement the social optimum.  But compliance with these policies may require costly enforcement.  This paper examines the design of agri-environmental policies featuring two of the most commonly used instruments, reductions in fertilizer application rates and installation of riparian buffers.  While compliance with buffer strip requirements is verifiable at negligible cost, fertilizer application is only verifiable through costly monitoring.  We derive optimal subsidies for fertilizer reduction and buffer strip set-asides and enforcement strategies for the cases of low and excessive monitoring costs.  An empirical simulation model suggests...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nutrient runoff; Monitoring; Enforcement; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q18; H23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37797

Agri-environmental program compliance under heterogeneous conditions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Lichtenberg,   Erik; Ollikainen,   Markku.
Heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes may necessitate the use of spatially targeted instrument combinations to implement the social optimum. But compliance with these policies may require costly enforcement. This paper examines the design of agri-environmental policies featuring two of the most commonly used instruments, reductions in fertilizer application rates and installation of riparian buffers. While compliance with buffer strip requirements is verifiable at negligible cost, fertilizer application is only verifiable through costly monitoring. We derive optimal subsidies for fertilizer reduction and buffer strip set-asides and enforcement strategies for the cases of low and excessive monitoring costs. An empirical simulation model suggests that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutrient runoff; Monitoring; Enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44381

AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baylis,   Katherine R.; Rausser,   Gordon C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15848

Agri-environmental Regulation on the Back of a Data Envelopment Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   Benedict; Raguragavan,   Jananee; Chambers,   Robert G.
A land retirement policy whereby land is taken out of agriculture and converted to natural vegetation or forestry has the potential to reduce environmental damage related to dryland salinity in Western Australia. This paper uses some recent results in the theory of directional distance functions (Chambers and Fare, 2004) to analyse alternative policy designs for a land retirement scheme. The results indicate that a fixed price scheme is inefficient compared with a first-best solution, but performs adequately. A scheme requiring a fixed proportion of area retired by all producers is inefficient. A separating solution, based on mechanism design, gives a small but significant increase in welfare compared to a fixed price scheme.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Distance functions; Efficiency; Mechanism design; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7963

Agri-environmental schemes in the European Union: the role of ex ante costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peerlings,   Jack H.M.; Polman,   Nico B.P.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse land allocation between competing agri-environmental contracts taking into account institutional issues and farm household and farm characteristics. We consider a Biodiversity Protection Contract, Landscape Management Contract and a Restriction on Intensive Practises Contract. The paper shows that it is important to study the choice for an agrienvironmental contract in combination with the choice for other agri-environmental contracts. The reasons being that a unit of land can only be allocated to one contract (although a farm can select more than one contract) and perceived relative marginal costs of contracts can change if institutional settings and farm household and farm characteristics alter. The model uses a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental contracts; Transaction costs; Contract choice; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6698

AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE FARM MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOLLOWING THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY REFORM OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY;  Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giupponi,   Carlo; Morari,   Francesco.
The results of simulation modelling carried out with GLEAMS on hypothetical scenarios driven by the Reform of Common Agricultural Policy are presented.  The model was set up with data collected in recent research projects to simulate a typical cultivated environment of the Venetian Plain (north east Italy) where field experiments are in progress.  Agro-environmental simulations were conducted over a long period using a 30-year whether record.  First single crops, then entire rotations and finally the whole farm production patterns were simulated, based on the present standard agrotechnologies of the study area and on proposed low input systems.  The alternative farm scenarios were taken from those hypthesised by economists on the basis of the recent Common...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14395

AGRONOMIC, ECONOMIC AND EVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE COMMERCIAL CULTIVATION OF GLYPHOSATE TOLERANT SOYBEANS IN ONTARIO: FINAL REPORT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brethour,   Cher; Mussell,   Al; Mayer,   Holly; Martin,   Larry J.
Glyphosate tolerant (GT) soybeans appear to be popular among many Ontario farmers. For example, Statistics Canada reports that 23% of the 2001 soybean acreage was planted to GT varieties, up from 18% in 2000. However, the environmental impact of GT seeds is perceived as controversial in the minds of some members of the public. This manifests itself in the form of public action on behalf of some activist groups, and a demand for products not containing GT soybeans. The apparent contradiction between producer preferences and public attitudes lies in a general lack of knowledge surrounding the environmental impact of GT soybeans. In this regard, the specific impact of GT soybeans in Ontario is unknown.  Two recent studies (Hin et al., and American Soybean...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18102

AGUAS NO RURAL DO SEMIARIDO MINEIRO:UMA ANALISE DAS INICIATIVAS PARA REGULARIZAR O ABASTECIMENTO EM JANUARIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marzano Araujo,   Vanessa; Ribeiro,   Eduardo Magalhaes; Pereira Reis,   Ricardo.
This paper analyzes the governmental and non-governmental initiatives to regulate the water offer in the municipality of Januária, located in the Upper and Mid São Francisco River semi-arid region in Minas Gerais state – Brazil. The study is based on the evaluation of the historic trajectory of public policies in that region dealing with the conceptions of survival and efforts against drought. This proposal was based on a qualitative research, using documental analysis and interview maps that sought information regarding the initiatives identified in that municipality. The paper classifies those initiatives in styles, examining also how they manage with the partnerships, users participation, effectiveness, distribution criteria, financing, quality of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Rio São Francisco; Recursos hídricos; Extensão rural; San Francisco River; Water resources; Rural extension; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102012

AIR EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE, FUTURE NEEDS (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Flocchini,   Robert.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33146

AIR POLLUTION AND FARM-LEVEL CROP YIELDS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF CORN AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westenbarger,   David A.; Frisvold,   George B.
While many studies have estimated the impacts of air pollution on crop yields on experimental plots, few have estimated these impacts under actual farm production conditions.  This study econometrically estimates the impact of air pollution on corn and soybean yields, controlling for weather, soil quality and management practices, using farm-level data for the eastern United States.  Ozone pollution was found to reduce yields for both crops.  The mean elasticity of yield with respect to ozone exposure was -0.19 for corn and -0.54 for soybeans.  The benefits of ozone standards to protect crops, measured in terms of crop revenues, range from $17 to $82 million depending on the stringency of the standard.  Over 85 percent of the revenue gains are captured by...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31603

Air Pollution Control Policy Options for Metro Manila
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krupnick,   Alan J.; Morgenstern,   Richard D.; Fischer,   Carolyn; Rolfe,   Kevin; Logarta,   Jose; Rufo,   Bing.
The Asian Development Bank has sponsored research on market-based instruments for managing pollution in Metro Manila, Philippines, where air quality is seriously degraded. This report offers three policy options for reducing particulate emissions and their precursors. For stationary sources, we recommend an emissions fee that creates efficient financial incentives to reduce emissions while raising revenues for monitoring and enforcement activities. For mobile sources, we propose a pilot diesel retrofit program using a low-cost technology that is effective at existing 2,000 ppm sulfur content. Second, we recommend a charge on the sulfur content of diesel fuel to encourage meeting and surpassing the 500 ppm standard to allow for more advanced particulate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Emissions tax; Philippines; Particulates; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q01.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10612

Air Pollution Costs in Ukraine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Strukova,   Elena; Golub,   Alexander; Markandya,   Anil.
The paper presents estimation of the health losses from urban air pollution in Ukraine.  The methodology developed by US EPA and adjusted in Russia for Eastern European transition countries was applied for health risk assessment. PM2.5 was identified as the major source of human health risk, based on experience from the Russian studies. In the absence of reliable computed concentrations of PM2.5, the study was based on monitoring data of total suspended particle (TSP) emissions in Ukraine. Additional cases of mortality and morbidity were calculated based on reporting data on TSP concentration that was recalculated into PM2.5. Then the concentration–response function was applied to estimate individual risk. Next, individual risk was applied to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12206

AJAE Appendix: Experiments on Damage-Based Ambient Taxes for Nonpoint Source Polluters
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suter,   Jordan F.; Vossler,   Christian A.; Poe,   Gregory L.; Segerson,   Kathleen.
The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume 90, Number 1, February 2008
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7105

AJAE Appendix: Modeling Starting Point Bias as Unobserved Heterogeneity in Contingent Valuation Surveys: An Application to Air Pollution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aprahamian,   Frederic; Chanel,   Olivier; Luchini,   Stephane.
The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, May 2007, Volume 89, Issue 2.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7416

AJAE Appendix: Regulating Nitrogen Pollution with Risk-Averse Farmers under Hidden Information and Moral Hazard
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bontems,   Philippe; Thomas,   Alban.
The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume 88, Number 1, February 2006.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7403

AJAE Appendix: Voting for environmental policy under income and preference heterogeneity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eerola,   Essi; Huhtala,   Anni.
The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7108

Alkalmazkodás a klímaváltozáshoz
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gazdag,   Laszlo.
A várható változásokkal szemben nem védekezni kell, hanem alkalmazkodni. A klímaváltozás is ilyen kihívást jelent. Aki gyorsan és jól alkalmazkodik, az előnybe kerül másokkal szemben. Be kell rendezkednünk a növekvő időjárási amplitúdók, a szélsőséges körülmények közötti eredményes gazdálkodásra. Az első lépés az érdekviszonyok radikális átalakítása! Előnyben részesíteni mindazon technikai-technológiai fejlesztéseket, amelyek a sikeres alkalmazkodást szolgálják. Eltörölni mindenfajta vízdíjat és hasonló költségnövelő tényezőt, amit az öntözési és/vagy halastavi célú felhasználásra vet ki az állam. Kamatkedvezménnyel és más úton ösztönözni az öntözési infrastruktúra fejlesztését, az öntözési tevékenység végzését. A komplex megoldások preferálása, melyek...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Érdekeltség; Alkalmazkodás; Komplexitás; Rugalmasság; Technológia; Interest; Adaptation; Complexity; Flexibility; Technology; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92417

Alleged Transmission Undersupply: Is Restructuring the Cure or the Cause?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   Timothy J.
Widespread concern over transmission capacity requires theoretical support to infer inadequacy from observed trends indicating reductions in the ratio of transmission to generation capacity over time. If integrated utilities had been regulated with allowed returns exceeding capital costs, transmission generation ratios would have been excessive, and observed trends might be a correction. However, numerous commentators claim that post-restructuring transmission rates have been too low, with NIMBY also discouraging investment. We model the possibility that inadequate separation between generation and transmission may result in reduced investment, in order to preserve incumbent market power in generation. However, consideration of transmission price caps and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Electricity transmission; Regulation; Deregulation; Vertical integration; Environmental Economics and Policy; L94; L51; L22.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10723

Alliance Formation and Coercion in Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hiller,   Timo.
This paper presents a game-theoretic model of network formation, which allows agents to enter bilateral alliances and to extract payoffs from enemies. Each pair of agents creates a surplus of one, which allies divide in equal parts. If agents are enemies, then the agent with more allies obtains a larger share of the surplus. I show that Nash equilibria are of two types. First, a state of utopia, where all agents are allies. Second, asymmetric equilibria, such that agents can be partitioned into sets of different size, where agents within the same set are allies and agents in different sets are enemies. These results stand in contrast to coalition formation games in the economics of conflict literature, where stable group structures are generally symmetric....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Network Formation; Economics of Conflict; Contest Success Function; Structural Balance; International Relations; Environmental Economics and Policy; D86; D74.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108251

ALLOCATING BIOSECURITY RESOURCES IN SPACE AND TIME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cacho,   Oscar J.; Hester,   Susan M.
Invasive species can cause significant damage to natural environments, agricultural systems, human populations and the economy as a whole. Biological invasions are complex dynamic systems which are inherently uncertain and their control involves allocation of surveillance and treatment resources in space and time. A complicating factor is that there are at least two types of surveillance: active and passive. Active surveillance, undertaken by pest control agencies, has high sensitivity but generally low coverage because of its high cost. Passive surveillance, undertaken by the public, has low sensitivity and may have high coverage depending on human population density. Its effectiveness depends on the extent to which information campaigns succeed in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Search theory; Invasive species; Dispersal; Passive surveillance.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100535

ALLOCATING LAND TO NEW YORK'S CONSERVATION RESERVE ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM TO MAXIMIZE NET ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaroszewski,   Laura; Poe,   Gregory L.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
A programming model is used to assess the welfare effects of regional and practice specifications contained in New York State's Draft Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) proposal.  Net social benefits are nearly 75% lower than options that explicitly account for opportunity costs of production, environmental benefits, and participation response functions. Keywords: benefit cost analysis, conservation programs, participation, linear programming
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Benefit cost analysis; Conservation programs; Participation; Linear programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21882

Allocating Nutrient Load Reduction across a Watershed: Implications of Different Principles
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Jha,   Manoj K.; Gassman,   Philip W.
A watershed based model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), along with transfer coefficients is used to assess alternative principles of allocating nutrient load reduction in the Raccoon River watershed in central Iowa. Four principles are examined for their cost-effectiveness and impacts on water quality: absolute equity, equity based on ability, critical area targeting, and geographic proximity. Based on SWAT simulation results, transfer coefficients are calculated for the effects of nitrogen application reduction. We find both critical area targeting and downstream focus (an example of geographic proximity) can be more expensive than equal allocation, a manifestation of absolute equity. Unless abatement costs are quite heterogeneous across the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21131

Allocating Pollution Load Reductions between States Fairly, Efficiently and Successfully
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kwasnica,   Anthony M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Pollution; Politics; Chesapeake Bay; Transboundary Agreements; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117407

Allocation of CO2 Emissions Allowances in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.; Kahn,   Danny.
Cap-and-trade programs for air emissions have become the widely accepted, preferred approach to cost-effective pollution reduction. One of the important design questions in a trading program is how to initially distribute the emissions allowances. Under the Acid Rain program created by Title IV of the Clean Air Act, most emissions allowances were distributed to current emitters on the basis of a historic measure of electricity generation in an approach known as grandfathering. Recent proposals have suggested two alternative approaches: allocation according to a formula that is updated over time according to some performance metric in a recent year (the share of electricity generation or something else) and auctioning allowances to the highest bidders....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Allowance allocations; Electricity; Air pollution; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation performance standard; Output-based allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Global warming; Carbon dioxide; Sulfur dioxide; Nitrogen oxides; Mercury; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10650

ALLOCATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE MARGINAL COSTS OF POINT AND NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION ABATEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shortle,   James S.
This paper examines the possible use of information on the relative marginal costs of point and nonpoint source water pollution abatement to assess the efficiency implications of shifting a greater portion of the burden for water quality protection to nonpoint sources.  The inherent uncertainty about the effects of changes in resource allocation for nonpoint pollution abatement on nonpoint pollution loads is recognized in the analysis.  This uncertainty is shown to result in significant limitations on the use of marginal cost comparisons even when point and nonpoint pollutants are perfect substitutes.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28897

Alocação dos custos de melhorias em bacias hidrográficas entre os usuários de água: uma aplicação do valor de Shapley
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leite,   Gil Bracarense; Vieira,   Wilson da Cruz.
The objective of this work was to analyze the cost allocation of improvements in river basins among the water users. It was used, as example, the Paraíba do Sul river basin, located in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, and, as criteria of allocation of costs, they were used the volumes of water extracted and consumed, and the quantity of pollutants deposited in the basin area by water users. The methodology used consists of the rule of allocation known as Shapley value, which belongs to the cooperative branch of game theory. In the case of Paraíba do Sul river basin, the values found indicated that the urban users should pay the higher part of the costs of improvements, given that these users are responsible for most of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water resources; Cost allocation; Shapley value; Paraíba do Sul river basin; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53385

Alocação dos custos de melhorias em bacias hidrográficas entre os usuários de água: uma aplicação do valor de Shapley
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leite,   Gil Bracarense; Vieira,   Wilson da Cruz.
The objective of this work was to analyze the cost allocation of improvements in river basins among the water users. It was used, as example, the Paraíba do Sul river basin, located in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, and, as criteria of allocation of costs, they were used the volumes of water extracted and consumed, and the quantity of pollutants deposited in the basin area by water users. The methodology used consists of the rule of allocation known as Shapley value, which belongs to the cooperative branch of game theory. In the case of Paraíba do Sul river basin, the values found indicated that the urban users should pay the higher part of the costs of improvements, given that these users are responsible for most of the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Water resources; Cost allocation; Shapley value; Paraíba do Sul River basin; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53845

Alpacas and Ecosystems Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Charry,   Al A.; Kemp,   David R.; Lawrie,   J.W.
Alpacas are a species that present physiological, anatomical, morphological and behavioural distinctive characteristics compared to other species used in animal production. Empirical observation of a herd, grazing under time management controlled conditions, allowed to approximate some initial observations about the effect of alpacas in the management of ecosystems. Larger green matter availability in the paddocks grazed by alpacas, evident natural weed control, better plants distribution and increasing stocking capacity were the relevant observed issues. It is considered that the special behavioural characteristics of alpacas in terms of excretion habits, low hoof pressure, food conversion efficiency and grazing habits should be factors to be rigourously...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainable farm management; Farming systems research; Alpacas; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24365

Alternatív energiaforrások lakossági megítélésében bekövetkezett változások
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doman,   Szilvia; Fodor,   Monika; Tamus,   Antalne.
Jelen tanulmányban alapvető célkitűzésünk, hogy két primer kutatás eredményeinek tükrében bemutassuk, miként változott három év elteltével az alternatív energiaforrások megítélése a hazai lakosság körében. A 2006-ban és 2009-ben folytatott szóbeli megkérdezések eredményeit leíró statisztikák, két- és többváltozós összefüggés-vizsgálatok segítségével elemeztük. Összességében elmondható, hogy pozitív változás tanúi lehetünk: valamennyi energiaforrás esetében mind a tájékozottság, mind az ismeret, valamint a hozzáállás, vélekedés tekintetében kedvezőbb eredmények születtek 2009-ben 2006-hoz képest. Az alternatív energiaforrások la¬kossági megítéléséhez tervezett kommunikációs politikában – a pozitív változások ellenére is – a tájékoztatásra célszerű...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Alternatív energiaforrások; Lakossági vizsgálat; Primer kutatás; Alternative sources of energy; Study of citizens; Primary research; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99078

ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES ON CONSTRUCTING A COMPOSITE INDICATOR TO MEASURE AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomez-Limon,   Jose Antonio; Riesgo,   Laura.
The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis of alternative methods on constructing composite indicators to measure global sustainability of the agricultural sector. This comparison is implemented empirically on the irrigated agriculture of the Duero basin (Spain) as a case study. For this purpose, this research uses a dataset of indicators previously calculated for different farm-types and policy scenarios. The results allow to establish a hierarchy of the policy scenarios on the basis of the level of sustainability achieved. Furthermore, analyzing the heterogeneity of different farms-types in each scenario, is also possible to determine the main features of the most sustainable farms in each case. All this information is useful in order...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Composite Indicators; Irrigated agriculture; Scenarios; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6489

Alternative approaches to cost sharing for water service to agriculture in Egypt.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perry,   Christopher J.
Combines and interprets results from a number of studies that were designed to help the Egyptian government formulate a rational approach to sharing the costs of water services among the beneficiaries-agriculture and other users-and government. Highlights lessons transferable to other countries.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farmer managed irrigation systems; Small scale systems; Resource management; Farmer participation; Evaluation; Rehabilitation; Farmer-agency interactions; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52729

ALTERNATIVE GREEN PAYMENT POLICIES UNDER HETEROGENEITY WHEN MULTIPLE BENEFITS MATTER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Jinhua; Kling,   Catherine L.; Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.
We investigate the environmental impacts of several forms of policies that offer farmers subsides in return for adoption of conservation tillage. The policies differ on whether the tillage practice or one of the environmental benefits is targeted. We develop an environmental Lorenz curve that fully represents the performance of the targeting policies, and we show that these curves can be used directly to help select the optimal targeting strategy for special classes of social welfare functions. We apply the model to the state of Iowa.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Lorenz curve; Multiple benefits of conservation tillage; Targeting subsidy policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18383

Alternative Green Payment Policies When Multiple Benefits Matter
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Jinhua; Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Kling,   Catherine L.
This study investigates the environmental impacts of several forms of policies that offer farmers subsides in return for the adoption of conservation tillage. The policies differ as to whether the tillage practice or one of several environmental benefits is targeted. We develop an Environmental Lorenz Curve which fully represents the performance of the targeting policies, and show that this curve can be directly used to help select the optimal targeting strategy for special classes of social welfare functions. The model is applied to the state of Iowa.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31378

Alternative Hedging Strategies in Maize Production to Cope with Climate Variability and Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuhrer,   Jurg; Beniston,   Martin; Calanca,   Pierluigi; Torriani,   Daniele Simone.
Climate change with increasing climate variability is likely to alter risks in agricultural production. The effectiveness of using weather derivatives to hedge against drought risks for rain-fed grain maize production was investigated for current (1981-2003) and future (2070- 2100) climates in Switzerland. The climate change scenario was extrapolated from results of a regional climate model (HIRHAM4) based on the IPCC A2 emission scenario. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed by varying the mean and variance of the initial probability space for the seasonal precipitation sum. Profits and risks with and without hedging were compared using the analogy of the value-at-risk measure (VaR), i.e., a quantile-based measure of risk. A Monte Carlo chain...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climatic change; Climate risks; Drought; Maize production; Weather derivatives; Hedging; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9275

ALTERNATIVE INTERTEMPROAL PERMIT TRADING  REGIMES WITH STOCHASTIC ABATEMENT COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Zhao,   Jinhua.
We examine the social efficiency of alternative intertemporal permit trading regimes. Banking with a 1-to-1 ratio and with a non-unitary intertemporal trading ratio (ITR) are compared with each other and with the no-banking permit trading regime. The more industry-wide shocks vary, and/or the more they are negatively correlated across time, the more efficient is a bankable permit regime. When the slope of the benefit function is greater than the slope of the damage function, banking with ITR=1+r is more efficient than a no-banking regime. Banking with ITR=1 can be more efficient than a no-banking regime. However, whether ITR=1 or ITR=1+r is better depends on the covariance structure of the shocks and the benefit and damage functions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bankable permits; Permit banking; Borrowing; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18543

Alternative Paths toward a Low Carbon World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Tavoni,   Massimo.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Stabilization Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; H23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90948

Alternative Policies with Complementary Benefits: Targeting Greenhouse Emissions or Water Recharge on Farming Systems?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Flugge,   Felicity; Schilizzi,   Steven.
Policies introduced to address one environmental objective can often have the side-benefit of also addressing other environmental objectives. This analysis uses a whole farm bioeconomic model to explore the farm level implications, economic and environmental, of a policy initially designed to reduce greenhouse emissions. We model a regulatory policy which imposes an upper limit on farm greenhouse emissions but allows trees to be used as carbon sinks to offset emissions. The implementation of this policy causes a reduction in whole farm profit, but in addition to decreasing emissions it also decreases groundwater recharge from the farming system and therefore contributes to the prevention of dryland salinity. The analysis compares this approach with using a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24392

Alternative to Comprehensive Ecosystem Services Markets: The Contribution of Forest-Related Programs in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhatta,   Arun; Bigsby,   Hugh R.; Cullen,   Ross.
Due to the public goods characteristics of many ecosystem services and their vital importance to human welfare, various mechanisms have been put in place to motivate private landowners in the provision of ecosystem services. A common approach is to try to develop a comprehensive ecosystem services market where landowners can receive payments from beneficiaries of ecosystem services. Much research has been directed at developing methods for valuing the range of ecosystem services so that they can be incorporated into ecosystem services markets. However, valuation methods are difficult, expensive and time consuming. Other approaches to the provision of ecosystem services such as payments for ecosystem services usually focus on a single service like water or...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services market; Spill-over effect; Cost-effectiveness; New Zealand; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115350

Alternative to Disincentive Rice Producer Prices in Madagascar: Case Study in Alaotra Prefecture and Bongolava Prefecture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ralandison,   Tsilavo; Shiratake,   Yoshiharu.
This study identifies the reasons for low producer prices of rice that have not covered its production costs for many years in Madagascar. The following points will be discussed: the farmers’ marketing conditions and the rural rice market structure, including the functions of each intervening trader preceding rice distribution in urban centers. The study also assesses current functions of the agricultural farmer cooperative: an organization expected to enable the establishment of fair trade in the domestic rice market. The data come from interviews conducted with 120 farmers, 20 traders, and the survey of the overall cooperative associations in two prefectures and main rice suppliers of the capital city. The analysis reveals that farmers were often...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cooperatives; Madagascar; Markets; Rice; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52005

Ambient-Based Policy Instruments: The Role of Recommendations and Presentation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spraggon,   John M.; Oxoby,   Robert J.
We explore the effects of recommended play and the presentation of payoff information on behavior in an ambient-based policy instrument experiment. Specifically, we test the effects of recommended play (via a description of marginal decision making) and a payoff table on the behavior of individuals facing an ambient-based policy instrument. We find that recommended play and the presentation of a payoff table increases the use of the socially optimal strategy, thereby increasing efficiency. These results suggest that providing decision makers with a richer description of the decision making environment significantly reduces decision error, significantly improving the efficiency of ambient-based policy instruments.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ambient pollution instruments; Recommended play; Experiments; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90832

Ambiguous jointness and multifunctionality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Romstad,   Eirik.
Many previous analyses of multifunctionality in agriculture claim there is positive jointness between the production commodities and nonmarket goods and services. Those analyses have not treated acreage as an endogenous variable. This leads to several errors in terms of the analysis of policy impacts, and hence also the policy advice. The main contribution of this paper is the development of an analytical framework where acreage is endogenously determined.  This framework is then used to demonstrate that any policy that influences resource allocation also affects agricultural commodity production. Hence, there is no such thing as a fully decoupled support. The impacts on commodity markets from direct payments to environmental goods and services are,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multi-product production; Comparative statics; Nonmarket goods; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Q180; Q200.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51539

AMMONIA ABATEMENT STRATEGIES IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION: A CASE STUDY OF A POULTRY INSTALLATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Angus,   Andrew J.; Hodge,   Ian D.; Sutton,   M.A.
This study uses a linear programming approach to compare the potential effectiveness of uniform rules (under the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive) and a landscape-scale based policy for reducing ammonia (NH3) emissions and their related impacts from a case study poultry installation.  The model incorporates a variety of potential NH3 abatement techniques. It also incorporates the first application of a spatial model of the diffusion of environmental impacts from NH3 emissions. This models N deposition at a nearby nature reserve. The model finds that the uniform rules proposed under the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive are likely to be ineffective in certain contexts and that a landscape-scale approach is more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ammonia; Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control; Broiler installations; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31932

An Accidental Oil Spill Along the Belgian Coast: Results from a CV Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van Biervliet,   Karl; Le Roy,   Dirk; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
This paper offers an economic assessment of the loss of non-use values resulting from different oil spill scenarios along the Belgian Coast. Estimation results show that if no oil spill prevention policy action is undertaken, a significant welfare loss may result. As a matter of fact, contingent valuation estimation results show such a welfare loss ranges from 120 million Euro to 606 million Euro, depending on the size and the frequency of the oil spill under consideration. Therefore, any investment program targeted at the prevention of oil spills, and its damage on the marine environment, can be clearly defended from a cost-benefit perspective as long as its cost is no higher than 120 million Euro.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12124

AN AGENDA FOR THE DESIGN AND STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
The combination of a general greening of international political debate, and the events of 1992 at the Rio Earth summit have led to great interest in the question of global environmental protection. While it is recognized that international environmental agreements (IEAs) are the means by which the earth’s fragile environment is most likely to be protected, this recognition has been recent. Hence, there is very little formal research on the design and study of IEAs. As such, in this paper, I propose and describe a research agenda for the design and study of IEAs. Very generally, I propose that we frame the IEA design question as a problem in mechanism design. We will then be able to use, inter alia, the theory of common agency and the theory of hierarchies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International; Environmental; Agreement; Design; Game; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; D73; D82; L50.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28353

An Agent-Based Model of Multifunctional Agricultural Landscape Using Genetic Algorithms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soman,   Sethuram; Misgna,   Girmay; Kraft,   Steven E.; Lant,   Chris; Beaulieu,   Jeffrey R.
Landowner characteristics influence his/her willingness to change landuse practices to provide more or less environmental benefits. However, most studies of agricultural/environmental polices identify landowners as homogenous. And, the primary cause of failure of many environmental and other polices is the lack of knowledge on how humans may respond to polices based on changes in their behavior (Stern, 1993). From socioeconomic theory and empirical research, landowners can be identified as individuals who make agricultural landuse decisions independently based on their objectives. Identifying possible classes of landowners, assessing how each would potentially respond to policy alternatives, and the resulting pattern of land uses in a watershed or a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multifunctional agriculture; Agent based modeling; Genetic Algorithm; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6142

An analysis of agricultural trade policy reforms and their impact on the EU, China and New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.; Wreford,   Anita; Rasin,   Shanika.
As a consequence of global changes to trade policy, there are likely to be significant impacts on international agricultural trade. Clearly producers in the European Union (EU) will experience considerable changes to the structure of their industry, and for a country such as New Zealand, heavily dependent on agricultural exports, changes to policy and markets have the potential to significantly affect the economy. The potential competition from China in terms of agricultural commodities as well as its potential as an export destination for NZ are also important considerations. This paper presents an analysis of the impact of both World Trade Organisation (WTO) and Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform in the agricultural sectors of the EU, New Zealand,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade policy reform; Agriculture; Trade modelling; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98496

AN ANALYSIS OF COST EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TO MANAGE WATER POLLUTION PROBLEM: A CASE OF TOBESOFKEE CREEK,GEORGIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Devkota,   Nirmala; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Bramblett,   Jimmy; Adhikari,   Murali; Paudel,   Laxmi.
A cost minimization model was used to find the minimum cost and environmental friendly management practices(MCEFMP). Use of MCEFMP in cattle production seems to be the most cost effective means of reducing water pollution with a marginal cost of $1200 in comparison to use of MCEFMP on other agricultural operations.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34714

An analysis of food-economy companies’ environmental behaviour in North-East Hungary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Odor,   Kinga.
After outlining environmental problems regarding food-economy2 companies and clarifying the concept of environmental behaviour, I will present the results of my questionnaire survey which focussed on food-economy companies in the Northern Great Plain region (Region). Based on solid data, the survey was designed to evaluate the companies’ commitment toward environmental protection. Sometimes the observed value systems conformed with the results of other national surveys (e.g. environmental behaviour factors; environmental protection’s rank among business aims), but at times I observed that in certain areas they truly lagged behind: for example, this held true for . the number of companies with a certified environmental-management system (EMS) and also for...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food-economy; Environmental challenges; Environmental behaviour; Environmental-conscious management.; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49197

AN ANALYSIS OF SITUATION, STRUCTURE, CONDUCT AND PERFORMANCE IN AIR EMISSION AND WATERSHED EFFLUENT MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norris,   Patricia E.; Brown,   Elaine M.; Batie,   Sandra S.
After much debate and many legislative proposals, the Clean Air Act was amended in 1990 to allow more flexibility in meeting emissions standards for SO2. Specifically, an SO2 emissions allowance trading program was implemented.  Firms can meet emission standards by any pollution control method, including buying emission allowances from other firms. Analysts have concluded that, with the changes in the Clean Air Act, SO2 emissions have been reduced by 50 percent and at an estimated $7 billion less than the anticipated cost of the regulatory command-and-control system.   Not surprisingly, policy analysts have explored the opportunities for implementing similar market-based systems for water pollution control.  Because much of the on-going impairment of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11798

An analysis of the determinants of flood damages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferreira,   Susana.
In this paper we analyze mortality caused by 2,194 large flood events between 1985 and 2008 in 108 countries. Unlike previous studies that looked at natural-disaster mortality, we find that year-to-year changes in income and institutional determinants of vulnerability do not affect flood mortality directly. Income and institutions influence mortality only indirectly, through their impact on the intensity and frequency of floods. Population exposure affects the number of deaths both directly and indirectly. Higher population exposure results in more deaths once the flood has occurred, but it is associated with smaller floods. In developing countries it also reduces the count of floods.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Natural Disasters; Floods; Mortality; Adaptation; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98381

An Analysis of the EQIP program for Lesser Prairie Chickens in the Northern Texas Panhandle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   DeDe; Gueck,   Nicole; Warminski,   Patrick L.
The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) for the Lesser Prairie Chicken provides monetary compensation to agricultural producers for species habitat development.  The advantages and disadvantages of program enrollment, as well as the overall economic impact are evaluated for a typical ranch operation in the Northern Texas Panhandle from 2009-2013.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Prairie Chicken; FARM Assistance; EQIP; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46544

An analysis of the factors affecting participation behavior of limited resource farmers in agricultural cost-share programs in Alabama
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okwudili,   Onianwa; Wheelock,   Gerald; Gyawali,   Buddhi Raj; Gan,   Jianbang; Dubois,   Mark; Schelhas,   John.
This study examines factors that affect the participation behavior of limited resource farmers in agricultural cost-share programs in Alabama.  The data were generated from a survey administered to a sample of limited resource farm operators.  A binary logit model was employed to analyze the data.  Results indicate that college education, age, gross sales, ratio of owned acres to total acres, and rented acres, as well as membership in a conservation association, had significant influence on cost-share program participation.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Binary logit; Cost-share program; Limited resource farmers; Participation behavior; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56848

An Analysis of the Feasibility of Carbon Management Policies as a Mechanism to Influence Water Conservation Using Optimization Methods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wright,   Andrew P.; Hudson,   Darren.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119819

An analysis of the national strategies for sustainable development with special emphasis on the issues of agriculture and rural development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gathy,   Andrea Bauer.
In this paper which is based on my dissertation I carried out a comprehensive analysis of the national strategies for sustainable development prepared by the EU and its member states. I paid special attention to agricultural and rural development issues discussed in the strategies. According to my hypothesis the sets of objectives defined in accordance with the principles of sustainable development provide a firm basis for the objectives of the ongoing reforms of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy. Due to the complexity of the topic I applied an interdisciplinary approach in my research.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; National strategy for sustainable development; Evaluation; Agricultural issues; Rural development possibility; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48337

An Analytic Hierarchy Process for The Evaluation of Transport Policies to Reduce Climate Change Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berrittella,   Maria; Certa,   Antonella; Enea,   Mario; Zito,   Pietro.
Transport is the sector with the fastest growth of greenhouse gases emissions, both in developed and in developing countries, leading to adverse climate change impacts. As the experts disagree on the occurrence of these impacts, by applying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), we have faced the question on how to form transport policies when the experts have different opinions and beliefs. The opinions of experts have been investigated by a means of a survey questionnaire. The results show that tax schemes aiming at promoting environmental-friendly transport mode are the best policy. This incentives public and environmental-friendly transport modes, such as car sharing and car pooling.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10264

AN ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RESEARCH ON THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaiser,   Harry M.
Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse" gases have the potential to substantially warm climates worldwide.  While the timing and magnitude of global warming is uncertain, scientists on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predict that average global temperature may increase by 1.5- 4.5³C (2.7-8.1³F) over the next 100 years. Changes in precipitation will likely accompany any changes in temperature.  However, the magnitude, and even direction of these changes is difficult to predict with much confidence on a regional basis.      The agricultural sector may be profoundly affected by future changes in temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and carbon dioxide concentrations. Over the past decade, there has been a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14100

An Application of Conjoint Analysis in Agricultural Sustainability Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sydorovych,   Olha; Wossink,   Ada.
Increasing public interest in the concept of sustainable agriculture has resulted in the development of a number of methods that could be used for the assessment of sustainability of various agricultural production systems. Because of its complex, multi-dimensional nature, sustainability is most often assessed using numerous indicators, which make aggregate comparisons among systems difficult. In this paper we propose a methodology that could be beneficial in aggregate sustainability assessment. We apply conjoint analysis to identify economic, social, and ecological attributes that are perceived as important for agricultural sustainability by different stakeholders and to assess their relative impact on the overall sustainability measure.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conjoint analysis; Choice experiments; Sustainability assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44464

AN APPLICATION OF THE PHOSPHORUS CONSISTENT RULE FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE COST-EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF BROILER LITTER IN CROP PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Limaye,   Ashutosh S; Adhikari,   Murali; Martin,   Neil R., Jr.
We calculated the profitability of using broiler litter as a source of plant nutrients using the phosphorus consistent litter application rule.  The cost saving by using litter is 37% over the use of chemical fertilizer alone to meet the nutrient needs of major crops grown in Alabama.  In the optimal solution, only a few routes of all the possible routes developed were used for inter- and intra- county litter hauling.  If litter is not adopted as the sole source of crop nutrients, the best environmental policy may be to pair the phosphorus consistent rule with taxes, marketable permits, and subsidies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31658

An assessment of five different theoretical frameworks to study the uptake of innovations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Botha,   Neels; Atkins,   Kris.
There are several theoretical frameworks one can draw upon to study the adoption process. Extension Theory, Bounded Rationality, Diffusion Theory, the Theory of Reasoned Action and Consumer Behaviour Theory were of particular interest to us. In assessing the frameworks we looked for contradictions, and how and whether these frameworks could be used to study the adoption process. The assessment was done by using our own conceptual framework of the adoption process and we discuss the results in this paper. We found that the different frameworks don‘t contradict each other and when combined into our conceptual framework they offer very useful constructs for studying the adoption process.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Innovations; Theory; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98497

An Assessment of the EPA's SO2 Emission Allowance Tracking System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lile,   Ronald D.; Bohi,   Douglas R.; Burtraw,   Dallas.
On November 8, 1996, various Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) officials, scholars and industry representatives gathered at Resources for the Future (RFF) to examine the EPA's method for classifying private SO2 allowance transactions by the Allowance Tracking System (ATS). The one-day workshop at RFF was designed to evaluate how well the EPA's classification scheme within the ATS currently meets the needs of constituencies with a vested interest in the allowance trading system, and to determine if other classifications would be more beneficial. The EPA has limited its collection of information to that which is necessary to ensure compliance with environmental goals. In particular, the EPA has interpreted its mission to be one of minimal interference in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Regulated industries; Electric utilities; Emissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; D23; D49; H70; K23; L94; Q25.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10890

An assessment of the Small-Scale Irrigation Management Turnover Program in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vermillion,   Douglas Lynn; Samad,   Madar; Pusposutardjo,   Suprodjo; Arif,   Sigit S.; Rochdyanto,   Saifal.
Examines the extent to which the Government of Indonesia's aspirations were realized through turnover program adopted in 1987. The impacts of management turnover on irrigation management and irrigated agriculture in selected systems in West and Central Java are analyzed. This study is part of a comparative research program to examine the impacts of irrigation management transfer in several countries using a common methodology.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Privatization; Small scale systems; Irrigation systems; Water distribution; Performance; Operations; Maintenance; Productivity; Crop yield; Economic impact; Costs; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44574

An Assessment of the UN's Millennium Development Goals and its Millennium Declaration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The United Nations’ Millennium Declaration, passed by the General Assembly in September 2000, is assessed with particular attention being given to the Millennium Development Goals and associated targets outlined in the Declaration. The focus of the article is not so much on the extent to which these goals are being met but on the adequacy of the Declaration itself.  The fundamental values outlined in the Declaration are listed and assessed. The Millennium Development Goals are means for the attainment of these values, along with some other objectives specified in the Declaration.  Both sets of objectives are examined, with most attention being given to the Millennium Development Goals and Targets. The Millennium Development Goals aim to reduce social and...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: United Nations' Millennium Development Goals; Environmental sustainability; Poverty eradication; Africa; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123453

AN ASSESSMENT OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN ECUADOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Southgate,   Douglas; Frederick,   Kenneth D.; Strasma,   John; White,   Allen; Lach,   Lori; Kellenberg,   John; Kelly,   Patricia.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11915

An Econometric Analysis of Donations for Environmental Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yen,   Steven T.; Boxall,   Peter C.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24095

AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DONATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yen,   Steven T.; Boxall,   Peter C.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
As provincial governments in Canada trim budgets, fewer funds are available for environmental conservation programs. Many jurisdictions are letting private interests and/or users of the resource base help fund conservation projects. Thus funding for conservation is becoming more dependent on donations to environmental causes either through direct giving of funds or through memberships in organizations. This study explores some determinants of private contributions to environmental conservation activities through an econometric analysis of donations and memberships relating to wildlife habitat protection and enhancement. We use data from a 1991 survey conducted in the three prairie provinces that provides information on donation behavior, income,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30855

An Econometric Analysis of MMS Area-Wide Leasing Versus Tract-Nomination Sales: Does Area-Wide Leasing Result in Lower Government Revenue?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gelso,   Brett R.
In 1983, US Minerals Management Service (MMS) switched from the Lease Nomination sale format to Area-Wide Leasing (AWL). Since a complete econometric analysis of the effects of AWL on government revenue has not been conducted in almost twenty years, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of AWL on government revenue. Results indicated that AWL reduced government revenue by $1,170 to $1,308 on a per acre basis, which is consistent with the findings in prior literature.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Area-Wide Leasing (AWL); Outer Continental Shelf (OCS); High Bonus Bids; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37680

An Econometric Analysis of U.S. Crop Yield and Cropland Acreage: Implications for the Impact of Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Haixiao; Khanna,   Madhu.
A SIGNIFICANTLY REVISED/UPDATED AND EDITED VERSION OF THIS PAPER WAS PUBLISHED AS:  Citation: Miao, Ruiqing, Madhu Khanna and Haixiao Huang. “Responsiveness of Crop Yield and Acreage to Prices and Climate.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics (2015) doi: 10.1093/ajae/aav025   Abstract: We investigate the effect of crop price and climate variables on rainfed corn and soybean yields and acreage in the United States using a large panel dataset for the 1977–2007 period. Instrumental variables are used to control for endogeneity of prices in yield and acreage regressions, while allowing for spatially auto-correlated errors. We find that an increase in corn price has a statistically significant positive impact on corn yield, but the effect of soybean...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop yield response; Crop acreage response; Climate change; Econometric analysis; US county-level panel data; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61527

An Economic Analysis and Assessment of Impacts of Conservation Practices on Agro-Environmental Conditions in the Lower Bad River Basin of South Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parvez,   Md Rezwanul; Janssen,   Larry; Stover,   Ronald; Reitsma,   Kurt D.; Smart,   Alexander.
In this poster, we report selected socio-economic findings from analysis of the Bad River Water Quality project (BRWQ) implemented in western South Dakota from 1990 through 2004. An overview of various BRWQ project phases are presented, along with analysis of cost of conservation practices applied and local landowners current assessment of the practices implemented from 1990 – 2004.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rangeland conservation; Cost-sharing; Conservation practices; Conservation assessment; Conservation programs; Resource economics; Bad River Water Quality project; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q20.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103718

An Economic Analysis of Agricultural Sustainability in Orissa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hatai,   L.D.; Sen,   Chandra.
The development of a method for generating Sustainable Livelihood Security Index (SLSI) for agricultural sustainability and evaluating the existing status has been reported. Some measures have been suggested to promote sustainable agriculture of Orissa. This state has been selected since it faces wide inequality, improper management and over-exploitation of natural resources and explosion of population. These have created a threat to ecological balance and economic as well as social status of households in different districts of the state. The study of Ecological Security Index (ESI), Economic Efficiency Index (EEI) and Social Equity Index (SEI) has revealed that the agricultural systems of all districts display wide variations in their ecological and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47682

An Economic Analysis of Landfill Costs to Demonstrate the Economies of Size and Determine the Feasibility of a Community Owned Landfill in Rural Oklahoma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eilrich,   Fred C.; Doeksen,   Gerald A.; van Fleet,   Herb.
New regulations have impacted landfill costs and changed solid waste management solutions.  Communities must now decide between continued landfill operations and long-term uncertainties associated with contracted services.  Preliminary cost analysis addresses these changes and demonstrates economies of size that make regional facilities more feasible than the once popular city-owned landfills
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35091

An Economic Analysis of Mountain Pine Beetle Impact in a Global Context
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Brant; Stennes,   Brad; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
The economic effects of the mountain pine beetle outbreak in British Columbia are simulated using a multi-region spatial price equilibrium model coupled with a stochastic dynamic updating procedure. The simulation captures expected changes in the B.C. timber supply, growth of plantation forests in the southern hemisphere and an escalating Russian log export tax. The results indicate lumber and log prices will rise in B.C., offsetting some of the economic loss to timber producers. However, on net producers in the B.C. forest industry will experience a decrease in economic surplus.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mountain pine beetle; Spatial price equilibrium; Trade modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C67; F14; F17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37051

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF OZONE CONTROL IN CALIFORNIA'S SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Hong Jin; Helfand,   Gloria E.; Howitt,   Richard E.
This study estimates the benefits to agricultural and human health of reducing ozone in the San Joaquin Valley of California, and the costs of ozone control. The San Joaquin Valley's highly valued crops suffer from high ozone levels. Federal and state primary ozone standards are based on health effects, not effects on other sectors, and do not consider costs of attaining the standards. The methods here allow comparison of both total and marginal benefits and costs. The results suggest that net gains can be achieved for the entire valley by reducing ozone below 1990 levels, although results vary by region.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31169

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RIPARIAN LANDOWNERS' WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN OREGON'S CONSERVATION RESERVE ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kingsbury,   Leigh; Boggess,   William G.
A contingent valuation survey was conducted in two diverse Oregon counties to estimate potential enrollment of framed or grazed land in a riparian buffer strip program.  Landowner preferences for various program components were elicited and demonstrate the need to carefully design conservation incentives to encourage participation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21641

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENT CONTROL AT CONSTRUCTION SITES: THE CASE OF GREENVILLE COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lowdermilk,   Jamey M.; Templeton,   Scott R.; Privette,   Charles V., III; Hayes,   John C.
Soil erosion from construction sites can cause sedimentation of nearby water bodies. Mandatory sediment controls can reduce sedimentation. What determines the degree to which sediment controls meet regulatory standards for installation and maintenance? A conditional-multinomial logit model is estimated with data from 85 construction sites that were audited in 2001 or 2005 in Greenville County, SC to determine whether 147 sediment ponds or traps were installed correctly, properly maintained, or both. Sixty two percent of ponds and traps were installed incorrectly, maintained improperly, or both. Costs of clean out negatively affect the probability that a sediment pond or trap is properly maintained. Construction site distance from the county‘s regulatory...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103976

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE DAIRY ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATIVE IN NORTHEAST KANSAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vogt,   Michael L.; Kastens,   Terry L.
In 1997, the Black Vermillion Dairy Environmental Cooperative (DEC) was started with an EPA 319A grant. Ten Kansas dairies located in the Kansas Black Vermillion Watershed were studied to evaluate the on-farm manure structures cost-shared by the DEC.   Net present value (NPV) analysis was used to evaluate the profitability associated with the manure structures.  The NPV analysis showed that in most cases, investing in a manure storage structure is a worthwhile venture and can be profitable for the dairy. However, cost-share assistance often will be needed in order to have positive pre-tax and after-tax NPVs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy Environmental Cooperative (DEC); Manure management; Net Present Value (NPV) analysis; Cost-share; Concrete manure storage; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20516

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF LUMBER FUTURES PRICE MOVEMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rucker,   Randal R.; Thurman,   Walter N.; Yoder,   Jonathan K.
Recent lumber price volatility has been attributed to Spotted Owl Litigation and U.S.-Canada trade disputes. We use intervention analysis to explain daily lumber futures price volatility based on these events and other factors. The way information enters the market is shown to affect the speed and extent of market reaction.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Lumber; Futures prices; Event analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21706

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE EMISSION REDUCTION MARKET SYSTEM IN CHICAGO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onal,   Hayri; Liao,   Chao-Ning.
A mixed-integer programming model is used to investigate economic impacts of the permit trading market in Chicago and determine the equilibrium price. Unlike previous studies, the model determines unit pollution abatement cost endogenously depending on firms' technology adoption decisions.  A sequential trading process is used to simulate firms' behavior under incomplete information. The results show that average shadow prices, a counterpart of conventional shadow prices in discrete problems, slightly underestimate the equilibrium prices. Moreover, the model predicts an  over-supply of permits for the first two trading seasons.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mixed-integer programming; ERMS; Average shadow price; Pollution permit; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19717

An Economic Analysis of Water Infrastructure Investments, Agricultural Productivity and Climate Change in the Mekong Delta: Adapting to Increased Salinity and Sea Level Rise
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Corderi Novoa,   David; Williams,   Jeffrey C.; Howitt,   Richard E.; Lund,   Jay R.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/24/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Adaptation; Agriculture; Water resources; Dynamic programming; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; Q54; Q25; Q15.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103875

An Economic Assessment of Competing Technologies for Coastal Restoration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Hua; Caffey,   Rex H.; Petrolia,   Daniel R.
In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) was established to integrate programs for habitat restoration and infrastructure protection. The Authority has begun aligning the state’s coastal spending to reflect increasing public interest in the restoration of surface acreage.  Concurrent with these changes, programmatic emphasis has been placed on rapid land building (RLB) techniques that rely on mechanical dredges and sediment conveyance pipelines to build new land. The apparent costs and benefits of this approach are increasingly compared in the scientific community to more traditional and natural methods of restoration, such as freshwater diversions (DIV). Given limited state and federal budgets for...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Coastal Restoration; Wetland; Economics; Benefit-Cost; Marsh Creation; Freshwater Diversion; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119740

An Economic Assessment of Space Solar Power as a Source of Electricity for Space-Based Activities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.; Davis,   James F.
We develop a conceptual model of the economic value of space solar power (SSP) as a source of power to in-space activities, such as spacecraft and space stations. We offer several estimates of the value based on interviews and published data, discuss technological innovations that may compete with or be complementary to SSP, and consider alternative institutional arrangements for government and the private sector to provide SSP.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Government policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O33; O32; L98.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10794

An Economic Assessment of the Impacts of the MOSE Barriers on Venice Port Activities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vergano,   Lucia; Umgiesser,   Georg; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
Due to its hydro-geological features, the lagoon of Venice is especially vulnerable to climate change. In particular, it is strongly affected by gradual global warming that brings about the so-called ‘acqua alta’ (high water) phenomenon with greater frequency and intensity. In order to protect the city of Venice from the more and more frequent phenomenon of flooding, some protective measures have been adopted. Among them, the system of mobile barriers commonly known as MOSE: however, by separating the lagoon from the Adriatic Sea, it interferes with ship traffic and has negative impacts on port activities. Against this background, the aim of the present work is to provide an estimate of the direct costs of ship traffic interruption due to the functioning...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; ‘Acqua Alta’; MOSE; Ship Traffic; Direct Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59474

An Economic Assessment of Water Quality Improvement BMPs for the Eagle Mountain Lake Watershed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Jason L.; Wolfe,   Clint; Waidler,   David.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124224

An Economic Evaluation of Adoption of the Conservation Compliance Program: A Stochastic Dominance Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Govindasamy,   Ramu; Cochran,   Mark J.
Using stochastic dominance, this paper examines the adoption of the Conservation Compliance Program (CCP) in twelve Iowa soil types. Subsidies necessary to compensate producers for the increased risk of compliance strategies are estimated. Results indicate that to promote voluntary compliance with the CCP, the government should provide a subsidy of between $4.55 to $19.88 per acre, depending on the soil type.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Conservation compliance; Stochastic dominance; Adoption; Risk premium; Erosion; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90409

An Economic Evaluation of Conservation Farming Practices for the Central West of NSW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farrell,   Terence C.
Economic benefits that arise from conservation farming practices need to be assessed over several years to account for improvements in soil structure and nutrient levels. A gross margin model was used to assess benefits over the eight-year period 1999-2006 for 12 regions in the central west of NSW. The annual benefits from improved soil structure ranged from $2.46 to $12.82 per hectare (ha). A reduction in tractor power produced annual savings in the range of $0.60 to $4.05 per ha. The cost of soil compaction by livestock grazing on crop areas ranged from $3.41 to $14.90 per ha. The break-even time to pay back costs for the conversion of machinery for no-till seeding was two to three seasons.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: No-till; Conservation; Farming; Tillage; Cropping systems; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6177

An Economic Evaluation of Woodland Caribou Conservation Programs in Northwestern Saskatchewan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tanguay,   Mark; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Boxall,   Peter C.
The purpose of this study was to identify the values Saskatchewan residents place on their Woodland Caribou conservation programs. Using contingent valuation methods, individual values for maintaining caribou numbers within Millar Western-NorSask Forest Management Licence agreement area were estimated. Using these value estimates, societal benefits were estimated for the implementation of a woodland caribou maintenance program within the forest licence agreement area. The data used in this study were collected using a mailout survey to Saskatchewan residents. Two contingent valuation formats were used, the opened ended willingness to pay and the dichotomous choice. A number of question structures were employed in order to judge the sensitivity of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24039

An Economic Framework for Forecasting Land-Use and Ecosystem Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewis,   David J.
This paper develops a joint econometric-simulation framework to forecast detailed empirical distributions of the spatial pattern of land-use and ecosystem change. In-sample and out-of-sample forecasting tests are used to examine the performance of the parcel-scale econometric and simulation models, and the importance of multiple forecasting challenges is assessed. The econometric-simulation method is integrated with an ecological model to generate forecasts of the probability of localized extinctions of an amphibian species. The paper demonstrates the potential of integrating economic and ecological models to generate ecological forecasts in the presence of alternative market conditions and land-use policy constraints.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92218

An Economic Risk Analysis of No-till Management for the Rice-Soybean Rotation System used in Arkansas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hristovska,   Tatjana; Watkins,   K. Bradley; Anders,   Merle M.
Arkansas is the top domestic rice producer, representing nearly half of total U.S. rice production. Sediment is one of the major pollutants in rice producing areas of Arkansas. In order to mitigate this problem no-tillage management is often recommended. No-tillage is not well understood by farmers who believe that no-till is less profitable due to lower yields offsetting cost savings. This study evaluates the profitability and variability of no-till in the typical rice-soybean rotation used in Arkansas rice production. Crop yields, prices and prices for key production inputs (fuel and fertilizer) are simulated for the rotation, and net return distributions for rice, soybean and the two-year rotation are evaluated for no-till and conventional till using...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Simulation; Rice-soybean; No tillage-profitability; Risk analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119676

An Economic Valuation of Pollination Services in Georgia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barfield,   Ashley; Bergstrom,   John C.; Ferreira,   Susana.
The production of many crops depends on biotic pollination. As pollinator populations decline, assessments of the potential consequential loss of economic value are critical. We estimate the economic value of pollination services ($608 million), crop vulnerability ratio (21 percent), and pollination’s contribution to agricultural production value (5 percent) for Georgia.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pollination; Colony Collapse Disorder; Georgia; Bioeconomic; Value; Vulnerability; Ecosystem Services; Crops; Honeybees; Pollinators; Pollination Dependency; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119780

An Empirical Analysis of the Role of China's Exports on CO2 Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michieka,   Nyakundi M.; Fletcher,   Jerald J.; Burnett,   J. Wesley.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123501

An empirical examination of the gains in cost-effectiveness from the use of multiple environmental outcome conservation tenders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edwards,   Claire; Eigenraam,   Mark.
The production and consumption of environmental goods and services are subject to many of the problems associated with public goods. Due to their non-rival and non-excludable nature, incentives for individuals to invest in their production are often absent. To address this market failure, government agencies have used a number of policy mechanisms to procure the supply of environmental outcomes on behalf of society. Recently, conservation tenders focussing on private land have been a favoured policy instrument used by many government agencies to purchase environmental outcomes in the public interest. The majority of these environmental tenders have focussed on a single environmental outcome. It is contended in this paper that multiple environmental...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100545

An Empirical Investigation of Interproduct Relationships Between Domestic and Imported Seafood in the U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Young-Jae; Kennedy,   P. Lynn.
This study seeks to identify interproduct relationships between domestic catfish and a representative selection of imported seafood. In doing so, this study uses multivariate cointegration and structural analyses. Multivariate cointegration analysis suggests that six imported seafood product groupings form a common market with domestic catfish. Structural analysis reveals that 1) domestic and imported catfish are net and gross quantity substitutes; 2) domestic catfish and imported seafood are normal goods; 3) six imported seafood products are identified as gross quantity substitutes for domestic catfish; and 4) according to the derived Allais coefficients, interaction intensities of imported seafood for domestic catfish (from greatest to least) are as...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Catfish; Multivariate cointegration; Quantity substitutability; Seafood imports; Structural analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D12; F10; F11; F13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100516

An Empirical Investigation of the Linkages between Government Payments and Farmland Leasing Arrangements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qiu,   Feng; Goodwin,   Barry K.; Gervais,   Jean-Philippe.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/29/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contract choice; Hybrid contract; Farm bill; Program payments; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49242

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS AND AGRICULTURE VULNERABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Singh,   Mahesh Kumar; Dobo,   Erika.
This review describes that due to rapid globalization, vulnerability in different areas affects human life. With rapid population growth, securing the inherent vulnerability of this relationship, whether social, economic, or environmental, has to be central to efforts to achieving sustainable development. The vulnerability of agricultural systems varies with geographic location, time, socioeconomic conditions, and environmental resources. The capacity to mitigate and to adapt to climate-change impacts is strongly related to the future development paths. The socioeconomic and, even more so, the technological characteristics of different futures strongly affect emissions, hence the extent and pace of the impacts of climate change, as well as the capability...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Vulnerability; Adaptivity; Food security; Stress; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58907

An environmental accounting approach to valuing the services of natural forests and woodlands in Swaziland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ngwenya,   P.; Hassan,   Rashid M.
Economists and statisticians constructing the national income accounts usually overlook the many benefits derived by communities from natural forests and woodlands. This study attempted to impute a value for the ecosystem services of these resources in Swaziland employing an environmental accounting framework. The current measure of national income was found to underestimate GDP by 2% and under value national savings by 10% by not accounting for the flow and asset values of natural forests and woodlands. The study also revealed a very high dependence of the rural communities in Swaziland on natural forests and woodlands for their livelihoods as they derive more than 50% of the value of total household consumption expenditure from these resources. These...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31695

An Environmental Trade Case Study: Agricultural Conservation Easement Pays Off Environmental Penalty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Donald A.
Agricultural conservation easements have been traditionally used to transfer or extinguish development rights on farm and ranch land in order to preserve open space and conservation and natural resources. These transfers are typically made with governmental agencies or Internal Revenue Service qualified land trusts. Usually this process is initiated because the property owner wants to ensure future agricultural use as well as conserve natural resources in exchange for financial benefits in either payments and/or tax credits.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118952

An Environmentally Sound Belizean Agriculture- Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Action
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Castaneda,   Anselmo.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Belizean Agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45600

AN EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ANTIBIOTICS BANS ON INVESTMENT IN APPLE ORCHARDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.; Roosen,   Jutta.
The decision to replant a fire blight-susceptible apple orchard is analyzed.  Embedding the problem into an equilibrium framework facilitates the welfare analysis of changes in orchard survival probabilities arising from a ban on antibiotics use.  We estimate the structural impacts and welfare changes of the ban.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Apple orchard; Dynamics; Equilibrium; Replanting; Resistance; Truncated Poisson process; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21698

An Estimation of the Regulatory Cost on California Agricultural Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurley,   Sean P.; Noel,   Jay E.
This paper develops an estimation of the cost of regulations on California agricultural producers which can be used as a baseline for comparing regulatory environments.  The estimated regulatory cost in relationship to operating costs for producers is between $2.19 billion to $2.21 billion.  The range on percentage of income allocated to regulatory cost is between 5.24% and 9.19%.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21038

AN EVALUATION OF AN ECONOMIC STRATEGY FOR PREVENTING WATER POLLUTION USING A PHOSPHORUS CONSISTENT TRANSPORTATION MODEL: A CASE OF BROILER LITTER MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adhikari,   Murali; Paudel,   Krishna P.; Martin,   Neil R., Jr.
We calculated the profitability of using broiler litter as a source of plant nutrient using a phosphorus consistent litter application rule.  We found that each ton of litter can be transferred cost effectively up to 164 miles from the production facilities.  The minimum cost phosphorus consistent transportation model developed to meet the nutrient needs of 29 counties in North Alabama revealed that not all the litter can be utilized in the region.  The total cost for nutrient supply increased when transportation of litter from heavily surplus counties were prioritized.  The effect of chemical fertilizer price change minimally affected the total litter use.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31657

An Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Choice of Coastal Recreational Activities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Caffey,   Rex H.; Devkota,   Nirmala.
A visitor’s decision to use a particular recreational site is influenced by the individual’s taste as well as the characteristics of the site. For this reason, improved knowledge of the visitors’ interests and factors influencing their choices are vital for both planning and policy formulations in coastal development. This study examines visitor characteristics and desired site specific characteristics in order to determine the factors affecting use of the Louisiana coast for specific recreational purposes. We use a multinomial logit model and internet survey data to evaluate the factors affecting individuals’ decisions to visit coastal Louisiana for a specific use. Results suggest that the major variables affecting the choice of coastal recreational...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Coastal recreation; Destination use preference; Multinomial logit; Environmental Economics and Policy; C35; Q26.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104616

An Evaluation of Nutrient Trading Options in Virginia: A Role for Agriculture?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stephenson,   Kurt; Aultman,   Stephen; Metcalfe,   Todd; Miller,   Alex.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water Quality Trading; Offsets; Nutrients; Agriculture; BMPs; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46779

AN EVALUATION OF OPTIONS FOR MICRO-TARGETING ACQUISITION OF CROPPING RIGHTS TO REDUCE NONPOINT SOURCE WATER POLLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kozloff,   Keith.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13610

An Evaluation of the Economic, Environmental and Social Impacts of NSW DPI Investments in IPM Research in Invertebrate Rice Pests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orr,   Leanne M.; Stevens,   Mark M.; Mullen,   John D.
Research into IPM technologies has been conducted by NSW DPI for over 20 years. Evaluating the returns from investment in specific research and development projects is an important component of the NSW DPI science and research program. An economic evaluation has been conducted of IPM in managing invertebrate pests in rice in NSW. We found that there has been widespread adoption of many IPM practices amongst NSW rice growers leading to a flow of economic benefits to the rice industry and the community. Important environmental and human health benefits were also identified. A benefit-cost ratio of 9.05 was calculated for the return to NSW DPI investment in rice invertebrate pests IPM research. The net present value of the benefits of this research to 2020...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Benefit cost analysis; Rice; IPM; Invertebrate pests; Evaluation; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Q160.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45632

An Evaluation of the Economic, Environmental and Social Impacts of NSW DPI Investments in IPM Research in Lettuce
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orr,   Leanne M.; McDougall,   Sandra; Mullen,   John D.
Research into IPM technologies has been conducted by NSW DPI for over 20 years. Evaluating the returns from investment in specific research and development projects is an important component of the NSW DPI science and research program. An economic evaluation has been conducted of IPM in managing invertebrate pests in lettuce in NSW. We found that there has been widespread adoption of IPM practices amongst NSW lettuce growers leading to a flow of economic benefits to the lettuce industry and the community. Important environmental and human health benefits were also identified. A benefit-cost ratio of 2 was calculated for the return to NSW DPI investment in lettuce IPM research which while satisfactory, is lower than returns calculated for other agricultural...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research; Benefit-cost; Evaluation; IPM (Integrated Pest Management); Lettuce; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Q160.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45631

An evaluation of the economic impact of Climate Change through a three-stages Discrete Stochastic Programming model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cortignani,   Raffaele; Dono,   Gabriele; Doro,   Luca; Ledda,   Luigi; Mazzapicchio,   Graziano.
The climate change in the agricultural sector acting on multiple weather variables at different times of the various crop cycles. In several cases by changing the mean level of variables (rainfall, temperature, etc..), in other cases by changing the distribution of events. This work provides an evaluation of the economic impact due to changes in multiple events, and to the associated uncertainty. For this reason, a classical two-stage stochastic programming model was extend into a three-stages model. The model is specified for an area of Sardinia, and examines the impact of climate change on rainfall and hence on the availability of water for agriculture, and on maximum temperatures and, therefore, on the requirements of some irrigated crops relevant to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Discrete Stochastic Programming Model; Climate change; Water availability; Irrigation requirements; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109317

An evaluation of the environmental care orientation of deciduous fruit producers in the Western Cape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Dijk,   T.; Kleynhans,   Theo E.
A classification system developed to evaluate the environmental care orientation of companies and, more specifically, their strategies to deal with the environmental care requirements prescribed by the market was applied to the deciduous fruit sector in the Western Cape. A survey was done to determine the attitude towards and status of, environmental care activities amongst deciduous fruit producers who have already obtained Eurepgap certification or who are busy preparing for the certification audit. A questionnaire was used and the responses were judged in terms of the guidelines of the classification system. The nature of the typical South African - European deciduous fruit export supply chain is that South African producers desire to supply the retail...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9480

An Evaluation of the Virginia Nutrient Credit Trading Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stephenson,   Kurt; Aultman,   Stephen; Shabman,   Leonard A.
Federal and state regulatory agencies frequently support and encourage the use of market-based effluent trading to achieve social water quality goals. This paper evaluates the design of the recently approved Virginia Nutrient Trading Program. The cost implications of setting a near limit of technology point source cap and requiring new and expanding sources to meet specific technology-based performance standards are examined.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21071

An Examination of Additively Separable Willingness-To-Pay for Environmental Attributes: Evidence from a Pork Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurley,   Sean P.; Kliebenstein,   James B.
This paper examines what is the best method for pork producers to market pork products with environmental attributes.  The objective is to examine evidence of whether it is beneficial for pork producers to incorporate multiple environmental attributes into a single product or sell multiple products with a single environmental attribute.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19370

An examination of issues in the fisheries sector in a small island economy: The case of Tonga
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rohorua,   Halahingano.
Tonga as a small island economy faces continuos trade deficits. The Government has identified the fisheries sector as having great potential. This paper explores current issues in the fisheries sector in Tonga. The emphasis in this paper will be on issues in fish exports from Tonga. It is perceived that barriers to trade have been a major contributing factor to the sector’s poor performance. The focus here is on the financial returns that fishermen receive and the influences that the sizes of operators and types of fish exported have on the return to the exporters/fishermen in Tonga.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tonga; Small island economy; Fisheries sector; Export markets and financial returns; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97779

AN EXAMINATION OF THE STABILITY OF COOPERATION IN A VOLUNTARY COLLECTIVE ACTION: THE CASE OF NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION IN AN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Algozin,   Kenneth A.; Nelson,   Carl H.
This paper addresses the collective action problem of nonpoint-source pollution control in a small agricultural watershed.  At issue is the stability of cooperative behavior among a group of farmers, who have voluntarily agreed to discontinue their use of the herbicide atrazine due to high concentrations of the herbicide in a local water  supply.   Continued cooperation among the group is threatened by the unexpected cancellation of cyanazine, an inexpensive and widely used alternative to atrazine.  With cyanazine no longer available, the farmers will face a significant increase in weed control costs if they continue to use products that do not contain atrazine.  Is cooperation among the farmers still possible despite the increased cost of cooperating?...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20478

An Experimental Analysis of a Points-Based System for Managing Multispecies Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Christopher M.
An industry group has proposed a novel system for managing the Northeast Multispecies Fishery. Each harvester would be endowed with a budget of points, and each species would have a “point price,” or number of points that must be paid out of his budget when landing that species. By varying the point prices throughout the season, management could redirect effort across species. This paper presents a benchmarked experimental testbed of this management system, and shows that harvesters do respond to point prices, which can be chosen to support harvest of most of the allowable catch of each species without severely over-harvesting any of them.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Multispecies fishery; Points system; Economic experiment; Quota; Derby; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90830

An Experimental Analysis of Auctioning Emission Allowances Under a Loose Cap
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shobe,   William; Palmer,   Karen L.; Myers,   Erica; Holt,   Charles; Goeree,   Jacob K.; Burtraw,   Dallas.
The direct sale of emission allowances by auction is an emerging characteristic of cap-and-trade programs. This study is motivated by the observation that all of the major implementations of cap-and-trade regulations for the control of air pollution have started with a generous allocation of allowances relative to recent emissions history, a situation we refer to as a “loose cap.” Typically more stringent reductions are achieved in subsequent years of a program. We use an experimental setting to investigate the effects of a loose cap environment on a variety of auction types. We find that all auction formats studied are efficient in allocating emission allowances, but auction revenues tend to be lower relative to competitive benchmarks when the cap is...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Auction; Carbon dioxide; Greenhouse gases; Allowance trading; Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative; RGGI; Cap and trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90827

AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE BEHAVIOR IN EMISSIONS TRADING PROGRAMS: SOME PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murphy,   James J.; Stranlund,   John K.
While there is a substantial body of economic theory about compliance and enforcement in emissions trading programs, and readily available information about how existing emissions trading programs are enforced, there are no empirical analyses of the determinants of compliance decisions in emissions trading programs. This paper contains preliminary results from laboratory experiments designed to examine compliance behavior in emissions trading programs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22039

An Experimental Analysis of Compliance in Dynamic Emissions Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.; Murphy,   James J.; Spraggon,   John M.
Two important design elements for emission trading programs are whether and to what extent firms are able to bank emissions permits, and how these programs are to be enforced. In this paper we present results from laboratory emissions markets designed to investigate enforcement and compliance when these markets allow permit banking.  Banking is motivated by a decrease in the aggregate permit supply in the middle of multi-period trading sessions. Consistent with theoretical insights, our experiments suggest that high permit violation penalties have little deterrence value in dynamic emissions markets, and that the main challenge of enforcing these programs is to motivate truthful self-reports of emissions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Compliance; Enforcement; Emissions trading; Laboratory experiments; Permit markets; Permit banking; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; C91; L51; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93966

An Experimental Economic Analysis of Carbon Trading Options for Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   John G.; Grainger,   Corinne.
Australia is currently developing a carbon emissions trading program. The Garnaut report recommendations include options for the allocation of carbon credits, trading schemes, banking and borrowing, and self reporting mechanisms. This paper reports the results of a series of economic experiments in which we explored spot and future markets given high and low levels of carbon credit reductions. The results provide important insights to the current debate in Australia and highlight the importance of well crafted market design.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Emissions trading; Compliance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q53; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51044

An Experimental Economic Analysis of Carbon Trading Options for Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   John G.; Grainger,   Corinne.
Australia is currently developing a carbon emissions trading program. The Garnaut report recommendations include options for emissions trajectories, coverage, permit allocation, inter-temporality, governance and compliance. This paper reports the results of a series of economic experiments in which we explored spot and future markets given high and low levels of carbon credit reductions. The results provide important insights to the current debate in Australia and highlight the importance of well crafted market design.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon trading; Emissions trading; Future markets; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96661

An Experimental Examination of Target Based Conservation Auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boxall,   Peter C.; Perger,   Orsolya; Packman,   Katherine.
Conservation auctions (CA) are typically employed to increase the provision of Ecological Goods and Services (EG&amp;S) for achieving environmental goals. This paper exmaines the ability of a CA to meet an environmental target. Previous research on this topic used the number of contracts as a target rather than some specified environmental goal. We used experimental economic methods benchmarked to a wetlands restoration case study to examine a target constraint that must be met by bidders rather than a budget constraint. However, since no budget constraint is employed, agencies with limited resources might have to use other auction design procedures to ensure that financial outlays to pay winning bidders are not too high while meeting the target....
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation auctions; Environmental target; Experimental economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q58; D44.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121624

An Experimental Exploration of a Voluntary Mechanism to Reduce Nonpoint Source Water Pollution with a Background Threat of Regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suter,   Jordan F.; Vossler,   Christian A.; Poe,   Gregory L.; Schulze,   William D.; Segerson,   Kathleen.
In this paper we build on a voluntary mechanism introduced by Segerson and Wu (2006) that uses the threat of an ambient tax to induce nonpoint source polluters to reduce emissions.  In addition to reviewing Segerson and Wu's policy, we propose a new voluntary/threat policy that offers some theoretical advantages over that put forward by Segerson and Wu.  We then test various forms of voluntary/threat policies in the experimental economics laboratory and compare the outcomes to a policy that administers strictly a per unit ambient tax.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21416

An Experimental Investigation of Hard and Soft Price Ceilings in Emissions Permit Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perkis,   David F.; Cason,   Timothy N.; Tyner,   Wallace E.
Tradable emissions permits have been implemented to control pollution levels in various markets around the world and represent a major component of legislative efforts to control greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States.  Because permits are supplied for a fixed level of pollution, allowing the market for permits to determine the price, there is a desire for price control mechanisms which would protect firms otherwise susceptible to price spikes caused by fluctuations in the demand for pollution abatement.  We test permit markets in an experimental laboratory setting to determine the effectiveness of several price control mechanisms.  Evidence suggests that both permit supply adjustments and traditional price ceilings (hard ceilings) effectively...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tradable Emissions Permit Market; Price Controls; Hard Ceiling; Soft Ceiling; Experimental Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124096

An Exploration of Certain Aspects of CARB’s Approach to Modeling Indirect Land Use from Expanded Biodiesel Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.; Carriquiry,   Miguel A.
This report provides insight into four aspects of modeling indirect land use caused by expanded biofuels production. The report was motivated by the National Biodiesel Board’s interest in better understanding how the California Air Resources Board (CARB) estimated an indirect land-use factor for soybean-based biodiesel of 66 gCO2e/MJ, which is more than three times greater than the direct emissions from the fuel. Four aspects of CARB’s modeling approach were examined: (1) why CARB estimates that more U.S. forest than pasture will be converted to cropland; (2) whether CARB’s predicted land-use changes are consistent with observed U.S. land-use changes in the past decade; (3) how CARB could account for double cropping; and (4) whether CARB’s assumption that...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: CET supply function; Double cropping; Idle cropland; Indirect land use.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57160

An Information Theoretic Approach to Ecological Estimation and Inference
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Judge,   George G.; Miller,   Douglas J.; Cho,   Wendy K.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25065

An Information-Theoretic Approach to Modeling Binary Choices: Estimating Willingness to Pay for Recreation Site Attributes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henry-Osorio,   Miguel; Mittelhammer,   Ronald C.
Information-Theoretic Econometrics
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Minimum power divergence; Cressie-Read statistics; Contingent valuation; Empirical likelihood; Discrete choice; Binary response models; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C13; C14; C25; Q51.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123432

An Initial Assessment of Policies for Saving  a Rare Australian Glider: Experimental Results, Economics and Ecology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
Reviews the ecological status of the mahogany glider and describes its distribution, habitat and abundance, life history and threats to it. Three serial surveys of Brisbane residents provide data on the knowledge of respondents about the mahogany glider. The results provide information about the attitudes of respondents to the mahogany glider, to its conservation and relevant public policies and about variations in these factors as the knowledge of participants of the mahogany glider alters. Similarly data is provided and analysed about the willingness to pay of respondents to conserve the mahogany glider. Population viability analysis is applied to estimate the required habitat area for a minimum viable population of the mahogany glider to ensure at least...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation policies; Contingent valuation; Knowledge; Mahogany glider Petaurus gracilis; Population viability analysis; Social cost-benefit analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51290

An Institutional Analysis of European Systems for Impact Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Backlund,   Ann-Katrin; Adamowicz,   Mieczyslaw; Jozefecka,   Magdalena; Macombe,   Catherine; Zemek,   F.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57471

An Integrated Assessment approach to linking biophysical modelling and economic valuation tools
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.; Jakeman,   Tony.
Natural resource management (NRM) typically involves complex decisions that affect a variety of stakeholder values. Efficient NRM, which achieves the greatest net environmental, social and financial benefits, needs to integrate the assessment of environmental impacts with the costs and benefits of investment. Integrated assessment (IA) is one approach that incorporates the several dimensions of catchment NRM, by considering multiple issues and knowledge from various disciplines and stakeholders. Despite the need for IA, there are few studies that integrate biophysical modelling tools with economic valuation.  In this paper, we demonstrate how economic non-market valuation tools can be used to support an IA of catchment NRM changes. We develop a Bayesian...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Bayesian networks; Bio-economic modelling; Catchment management; Cost-benefit analysis; Environmental values; Integrated assessment and modelling; Non-market valuation; Riparian vegetation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94949

An Integrated Assessment of Climate Change, Air Pollution, and Energy Security Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bollen,   Johannes; Hers,   Sebastiaan; van der Zwaan,   Bob.
This article presents an integrated assessment of climate change, air pollution, and energy security policy. Basis of our analysis is the MERGE model, designed to study the interaction between the global economy, energy use, and the impacts of climate change. For our purposes we expanded MERGE with expressions that quantify damages incurred to regional economies as a result of air pollution and lack of energy security. One of the main findings of our cost-benefit analysis is that energy security policy alone does not decrease the use of oil: global oil consumption is only delayed by several decades and oil reserves are still practically depleted before the end of the 21st century. If, on the other hand, energy security policy is integrated with optimal...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Air Pollution; Energy Security; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; H21; D58; C61; O33; Q40.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55332

An integrated landscape vision for sustainable feedstock supplies (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karlen,   Douglas L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60356

An Integrated Precision Production and Environmental Management Analysis of a Kentucky Dairy Farm
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salim,   Juma K.; Dillon,   Carl R.; McAllister,   Jack; Hancock,   Dennis.
This study compares and contrasts the profitability of different dairy management practices through precision livestock farming. Feed analysis and crop yields were simulated. The proposed alternative feeding program demonstrated less manure and nutrient excretions. When mathematical programming model was employed, uniform rate application manifested the highest selected economic values.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Management practices; Environmental; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19407

An integrated simulation model to evaluate national policies for the abatement of agricultural nutrients in the Baltic Sea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hyytiainen,   Kari; Ahtiainen,   Heini; Heikkila,   Jaakko; Helin,   Janne; Huhtala,   Anni; Iho,   Antti; Koikkalainen,   Kauko; Miettinen,   Antti; Pouta,   Eija; Vesterinen,   Janne.
This study introduces a prototype model for evaluating policies to abate agricultural nutrients in the Baltic Sea from a Finnish national point of view. The stochastic simulation model integrates nutrient dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sea basins adjoining the Finnish coast, nutrient loads from land and other sources, benefits from nutrient abatement (in the form of recreation and other ecosystem services) and the costs of agricultural abatement activities. The aim of this study is to present the overall structure of the model and to demonstrate its potential using preliminary parameters. The model is made flexible for further improvements in all of its ecological and economic components. Results of a sensitivity analysis suggest that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Nutrient abatement; Monte Carlo simulation; Recreation; Valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49896

An interdisciplinary framework of limits and barriers to climate change adaptation in agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kolikow,   Steven; Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Mugera,   Amin W.
This paper has been published in a peer-reviewed conference as:  Kragt, M.E., Mugera, A. &amp; Kolikow, S. (2013) An interdisciplinary framework of limits and barriers to agricultural climate change adaptation. In: Piantadosi, J., Anderssen, R.S. &amp; Boland J. (Eds) MODSIM2013, 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, Adelaide, 1-6 December 2013, pp. 593–599. ISBN: 978-0-9872143-3-1. Session B2: http://www.mssanz.org.au/modsim2013/B2/kragt.pdf
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Agriculture; Australia; Broad-acre Farming; Conceptual Modelling; Climate Change; Epistemology; Interdisciplinary Research; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q12; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120467

AN INTRASEASONAL BIOECONOMIC MODEL OF PLRV NET NECROSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   Thomas L.; Huffaker,   Ray G.; Folwell,   Raymond J.; Long,   Gary.
A bioeconomic model is developed as an IPM planning tool to combat PLRV net necrosis in the PNW potato industry.  Environmental/biological and production processes are linked to marketing activities using discrete time control.  We find that pesticides can be optimally timed to reduce applications and still protect against net necrosis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20935

An Inverse Demand System for New England Groundfish: Welfare Analysis of the Transition to Catch Share Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Min-Yang A.; Thunberg,   Eric M.
In 2010, the Northeast groundfish fishery transitioned from an effort-control system (Days-at-Sea) to an output-control system (catch shares). Simultaneously, a large decrease in aggregate catch was imposed in order to achieve biological objectives. This research examines the welfare effects of the transition to catch-share management by combining an inverse demand model for groundfish with a simulation based model of supply. The Generalized Differential Inverse Demand System is estimated for groundfish and imports using monthly data from 1994-2011 using a Generalized Method of Moments estimator. The estimated parameters are combined with simulated landings derived from a counterfactual policy scenario had ef- fort controls been retained instead of the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123879

An Investigation into the Net Benefits of Revegetating Agricultural Land with Indigenous Species in the Dryland Section of the Goulburn-Broken Catchment Area
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trapnell,   Lindsay N.
Benefits ascribed to the revegetation of farming landscapes include enhancement of biodiversity, reduction in the advance of dryland salinity, sequestration of greenhouse gases, control of soil erosion, greater protection of agricultural activities from adverse weather conditions and an improved aesthetic value of rural lands. In this paper, economic analyses were performed to determine the net benefits to landholders of carrying out revegetation. Where the net benefits were insufficient to allow reasonable returns to be earned on the investment of marginal capital, an assessment was made of the amount and type of assistance that would be necessary to encourage landholders to adopt this improved system of land management.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Economic and Financial Analyses; Environmental Degradation; Land Management; Revegetation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58265

An Investigation of Voluntary Discovery and Disclosure of Environmental Violations Using Laboratory Experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murphy,   James J.; Stranlund,   John K.
This paper uses laboratory experiments to test individual responses to policies that seek to encourage firms to voluntarily discover and disclose violations of environmental standards. We find that while it is possible to motivate a significant number of voluntary disclosures without adversely affecting environmental quality, this result is sensitive to both the fine for disclosed violations and the assumption that firms know their compliance status without cost.  When firms have to expend resources to determine their compliance status, motivating a significant number of violation disclosures yields worse environmental quality. Finally, relative to conventional enforcement, disclosure polices will result in more violations being sanctioned, but fewer of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14519

An Iterative Auction for Spatially Contiguous Land Management: An Experimental Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banerjee,   Simanti; Shortle,   James S.; Kwasnica,   Anthony M.
Tackling the problem of ecosystem services degradation is an important policy challenge.  Different types of economic instruments have been employed by conservation agencies to meet this challenge. Notable among them are Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes that pay private landowners to change land uses to pro-environmental ones on their properties. This paper focuses on a PES scheme – an auction for the cost-efficient disbursal of government funds for selection of spatially contiguous land management projects. The auction is structured as an iterative descending price auction where every bid is evaluated on the basis of a scoring metric – a benefit cost ratio. The ecological effectiveness and economic efficiency of the auction is tested with data...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem Services; Economic experiments; Auctions; Spatial contiguity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103220

An LP-Model to Analyse Economic and Ecological Sustainability in Dutch Dairy Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Calker,   Klaas Jan; Berentsen,   Paul B.M.; De Boer,   Imke J.M.; Giesen,   G.W.J.; Huirne,   Ruud B.M.
Since the enactment of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, owners and operators of farms and ranches have opportunities to evaluate new estate planning strategies for the transfer of farm businesses to subsequent generations. However, with provisions of the Act to be phased in over several years, consideration must be given to having a "staged" estate plan. Under provisions of the current law, estate tax is repealed in the year 2010, but if Congress does not act, the legislation sunsets and returns to prior law January 1, 2011. This fact provides planning challenges for owners and operators of farms and ranches as the phase-in of provisions, the repeal in 2010, and the return to prior law relative to estate planning and business...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24361

AN OPERATIONAL MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SOME THOUGHTS ON GETTING THE INCENTIVES FOR PUBLIC POLICY RIGHT; Proceedings of the  Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuh,   G. Edward; Archibald,   Sandra O.
As background for addressing agricultural policy and sustainable development issues, we address in this paper some general issues we believe it important to consider in developing a broad and consistent conceptual framework for the analysis of sustainability. The objective of this paper is to propose a comprehensive conceptual framework for bringing sustainability issues into practical public policy formulation.  A "people first" view is proposed: one that assumes that the ultimate purpose of natural resources and the economic system is first the well-being of mankind.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14447

An Optimal Application of Swine Effluent in Texas and Oklahoma Panhandle Determined by Bayesian Stochastic Dynamic Programming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phetcharat,   Chaowana; Stoecker,   Arthur L.; Hattey,   Jeffory A.; Warren,   Jason G.; Vitale,   Jeffrey D.; Park,   Seong Cheol.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Swine Effluent Irrigation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108549

An Optimal Control Model of Deforestation in the PDR of Laos
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McAllister,   Ryan; Beard,   Rodney; Asufa-Adjaye,   John.
The PDR of Laos has thus far retained a large proportion of its natural forests relative to other SE Asian countries. This disproportionally high level of forestation, along with current political and economic factors, may create an increase in the demand for Laotion timber. In particular, if the Laotion government maintains responsibility for natural timber harvesting and sets sustainable rates, then the increase in demand may flow into Laos’ illegal timber market. This paper uses an optimal control model to analyse the impact of an increase in the demand for timber. It argues that the illegal timber market damages both the environment and economy.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123704

AN OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE - AN APPLICATION IN ATLANTIC SALMON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hean,   Robyn L.
In this paper the optimal management strategy for intensive aquaculture is viewed in terms of a combined strategy of releasing the optimal number of recruits and harvesting those recruits at the optimal harvesting time. A model which can be used to determine the optimal management strategy is developed. In the model the optimal harvesting model documented by Bjorndahl (1988, 1990) in which harvesting and feed costs are considered, is extended by including release costs and how they influence the optimal number of recruits. The model forms the basis for an empirical analysis in which the optimal management strategy for a yearclass of Atlantic salmon farmed in Australia during 1989-91 is considered.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22426

An Overview of Climate Change: What does it mean for our way of life? What is the best future we can hope for?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodwin,   Neva R.
This paper starts with the question of whether climate change will require a significant reduction of consumption among the richer people in the world, and ends with the most optimistic picture the author can conjure up, of the world in the year 2075. That hopeful picture is of a world in which inequalities – among and within nations – have been substantially reduced. The challenges and adjustments confronting humanity in the coming decades provide an opportunity that could be used to mitigate climate change in ways that can improve the circumstances of the poor. Ecological reasons to reduce throughput of energy and materials in economic systems urge the abandonment of high-consumption life-styles. The 21st century will be an era of many losses, but it is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37711

An Overview of the Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food System
Provedor de dados: 31
This 2008 report provides an economic overview of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  It is meant to be a multi-purpose reference document to provide:  an introduction to the agriculture and agri-food system;  a snapshot of structural changes that are occurring throughout the system in response to various factors; and  background data and information to inform public discussions on challenges and opportunities facing the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  The 2008 report begins with a special feature describing recent developments in global commodity markets when prices rose dramatically over the past year. It continues by reviewing each segment of the system, going upstream from consumers to food distribution, food, beverage and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agri-food; Gross Domestic Product; GDP; Employment; Exports; Imports; Innovation; Inflation; Farm typology; Farm income; Government support; Program payments; Profitability; Processing; Concentration; Water; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46805

An Overview of the Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food System 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
This 2009 report provides an economic overview of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  It is meant to be a multi-purpose reference document to provide:  an introduction to the agriculture and agri-food system;  a snapshot of structural changes that are occurring throughout the system in response to various factors; and  background data and information to inform public discussions on challenges and opportunities facing the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  Charts and tables with brief accompanying texts are used to summarize information and to provide base performance indicators.  The 2009 report begins with a special feature which describes indicators to benchmark competitiveness of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food sector at the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agri-food; Competitiveness; Consumers; GDP; Employment; Exports; Imports; Innovation; Inflation; Farm typology; Income; Government support; Program payments; Profitability; Processing; Concentration; Water; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59885

An Overview of the Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food System 2011
Provedor de dados: 31
This 2011 report provides an economic overview of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  It is meant to be a multi-purpose reference document to provide:  an introduction to the agriculture and agri-food system;  a snapshot of structural changes that are occurring throughout the system in response to various factors; and  background data and information to inform public discussions on challenges and opportunities facing the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  Charts and tables with brief accompanying texts are used to summarize information and to provide base performance indicators.  The 2011 report begins with a special feature that provides a description of young farmers in Canada including their numbers by farm size, province and farm...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agri-food; R&amp;D; Consumers; GDP; Employment; Exports; Imports; Innovation; Young farmers; Farm typology; Income; Government support; Trade; Productivity; Food processing; Food manufacturing; Environment; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103047

An Updated Assessment of Dead Colt Creek Dam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leitch,   Jay A.; Ludwig,   Herbert R., Jr.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121054

ANÁLISE DA SUSTENTABILIDADE DA PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL NO BRASIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Santos Junior,   Silvio; Dias,   Marcelo Fernandes Pacheco; Mendonca,   Erica Silva; Rosa,   Nadir Paula Da; Silva,   Tania Nunes da.
Muitos compostos químicos são encontrados na atmosfera terrestre atuando como “gases de efeito estufa”. Eles são importantes uma vez que impedem a reflexão total dos raios solares, Entretanto, os níveis de alguns desses gases, principalmente o gás carbônico (CO2), vem aumentando a uma taxa de 25% desde o processo de industrialização em larga escala, iniciado a 150 anos atrás. Nos últimos 20 anos o CO2 vem correspondendo a 84% dos gases provenientes das atividades humanas, e, 82% dele é resultante da queima de combustíveis fósseis. Considerando que o aumento da população e o surgimento de novas tecnologias continuam demandando energia de forma incremental, é imperativo a busca de soluções energéticas alternativas, mais sustentáveis. Neste contexto, a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biocombustível; Sustentabilidade; Recursos naturais; Soja; Biofuel; Sustainability; Natural Resources; Soybeans; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109812

Analise das externalidades negativas no meio ambiente e sustentabilidade na agropecuária
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ponciano,   Niraldo Jose; Souza,   Paulo Marcelo de; Mata,   Henrique Tome Da Costa.
Objetivou-se analisar os efeitos das externalidades negativas no meio ambiente, abordar o Teorema de Coase no que se refere ao problema de definição dos direitos de propriedade. Adicionalmente, o trabalho explica a teoria econômica da externalidade e ilustra com exemplos. Descreve o comportamento econômico da externalidade na produção agropecuária e mostra de que modo ela cria ineficiência de mercado. Posteriormente, são avaliadas algumas medidas compensatórias para corrigir essas ineficiências. Nesse sentido, argumenta-se em favor da preservação ambiental como requisito básico da manutenção do desenvolvimento agrícola sustentado. Infere-se que modernização da agricultura brasileira teve importância fundamental para o crescimento econômico do País, apesar...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Externalidades; Modernização agropecuária; Sustentabilidade; Preservação ambiental.                       Externalities; Modernization farming; Sustainability; Environmental preservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107855

Análise dos determinantes do endividamento das empresas de capital aberto do agronegócio brasileiro
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bressan,   Valéria Gama Fully; Lima,   Joao Eustaquio de; Bressan,   Aureliano Angel; Braga,   Marcelo Jose.
Studies involving capital structure and the identification of its determinants are relevant issues in the field of corporate finance management research. In this regard, the present study intends to evaluate the determinants of corporate leverage in the Brazilian agribusiness sector using the model of Rajan and Zingales (1995). In the definition of the sample there were selected 26 companies that are classified in one of three subdivisions of the Brazilian agribusiness sector: a) the agriculture or cattle raising; b) inputs or production factors and c) processing and distribution sector, using as reference the CNA classification. The study used data from the Economatica® database, with the adoption of panel data methods. The results indicated that the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Debt; Capital structure; Agribusiness; Pecking Order Theory.; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q14; G32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60816

ANALISES DE VARIAVEIS PARA ESTRUTURAÇÀO DE UM MODELO ECONOMICO E AMBIENTAL: QUANTIFICAÇÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE NO SETOR AGROINDUSTRIAL BRASILEIRO.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Silva,   Edwin Pinto De La Sota; Serrano,   Andre Luiz Marques; Silva,   Marcio Francisco Da; Fonseca,   Adelaida Pallavicini.
Este artigo tem por finalidade analisar os conceitos de manutenção e preservação do meio ambiente que promovem desenvolvimento sustentável, tendo em vista a proposta de um modelo econômico e ambiental. Assim, intervenções no padrão da gestão pública que implique no aumento do grau de eficácia na utilização dos recursos financeiros propiciarão uma transformação no paradigma de desenvolvimento que não mais poderá ser excludente e danoso para o meio ambiente. A compreensão do significado de desenvolvimento social e econômico envolve os mecanismos de distribuição das riquezas geradas e neste contexto, a viabilização do conceito de sustentabilidade implicará em mudanças no comportamento social (coletivo) e individual. A discussão quanto ao comportamento e uso...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustentabilidade; Modelo econômico; Gerações futuras; Sustainability; Economic model; Future generations; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113983

Análisis de alternativas para la eliminación de la sobreexplotación de acuíferos en el Valle de Guadalentín
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Calatrava-Leyva,   Javier; Guillem,   Amanda; Martinez-Granados,   David.
In this paper we analyse the economic impact of alternative water management instruments that allow addressing the problem of non-renewable groundwater pumping in the aquifers of the Guadalentín Valley (southeast Spain). Their impact is assessed using a partial equilibrium mathematical programming model that maximises the farm net margin resulting from the use of the available water resources for irrigation in the area. Our results show that the buyback of groundwater pumping rights is the option with the greatest public budgetary cost and economic impact. On the contrary, the combination of an environmental tax on groundwater pumping and the substitution of groundwater by subsidised desalinised water allow eliminating aquifer overdraft in the area while...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Groundwater; Water economics; Water demand; Mathematical programming; Irrigation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; C61.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120197

Análisis del impacto medioambiental derivado de las actividades económicas. Aplicación a una economía regional
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Flores,   Monica; Mainar,   Alfredo J.
The goal of this paper is to analyse the households’ environmental impact in a regional economy, including the household direct impact as well as the impact associated with the production of goods and services of the household demand. Moreover, per capita ecological impacts for each household category according to income level are obtained. We focus on water consumption, and water and atmospheric pollution. The framework is based on a regional SAMEA (Social Accounting Matrix and Environmental Accounts), and vertically integrated environmental indicators using the Leontief model. An application is carried out for the Aragon case.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; C67; D57; Q51; Q53; R15; R30.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99093

Análisis econométrico de la heterogeneidad de las preferencias de los individuos: aplicación a la valoración económica de la conservación del paisaje agrícola de montaña
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colombo,   Sergio; Hanley,   Nick.
The need to account for respondents’ preference heterogeneity in stated choice models has motivated researchers to apply random parameter logit and latent class models. In this paper we compare these three alternative ways of incorporating preference heterogeneity in stated choice models and evaluate how the choice of model affects welfare estimates in a given empirical application. Finally, we discuss what criteria to follow to decide which approach is most appropriate.  RESUMEN: La necesidad de incorporar la heterogeneidad en las preferencias de los individuos en los modelos de elección discreta ha llevado a los investigadores a emplear siempre más frecuentemente modelos de parámetros aleatorios o de clases latentes. En este artículo se comparan tres...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Heterogeneity; Heterogeneidad; Modelos de clases latentes; Modelos de heterogeneidad de la varianza; Modelos de parámetros aleatorios; Paisaje de montaña; Latent class models; Covariance heterogeneity models; Random parameter models; Uphill landscape; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C52; Q24.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37191

Análisis económico de la “bio-carbonización” como práctica de manejo agrícola
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramirez,   Juan Andres; Rosales Alvarez,   Ramon.
Las altas concentraciones de gases de efecto invernadero, específicamente CO2, han sido señaladas como la principal causa del cambio climático. La adopción de prácticas agrícolas capaces de incrementar el contenido de carbono en el suelo, ha sido propuesta como una estrategia de bajo costo y disponibilidad inmediata para enfrentar este fenómeno. La Bio-carbonización es una de estas prácticas agrícolas, la cual implica la aplicación de carbón vegetal al suelo, de modo que el carbono queda capturado en una forma altamente recalcitrante al tiempo que se mejora la calidad del suelo. Este artículo es el primero en evaluar la viabilidad financiera y considerar algunos de los efectos económicos de la práctica, estimados para una finca tipo en la altillanura...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultura sostenible; Altillanura colombiana; Análisis costobeneficio; Programación lineal; Secuestro de carbono; Servicios ambientales.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; C6; D60; O30; Q10; Q24; Q50.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60734

Analyse ausgewählter internationaler Studien und Dokumente in Hinblick auf Kosten und  Potentiale der Minderung von Treibhausgasemissionen sowie des Aufbaus und der Erhaltung von C-Senken im deutschen Agrar- und Forstsektor
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Osterburg,   Bernhard; Roder,   Norbert; Elsasser,   Peter; Dieter,   Matthias; Krug,   Joachim.
Zusammenfassung: In dieser Studie werden Dokumente der Europäischen Kommission zur künftigen Klimaschutzstrategie, eine Studie von McKinsey sowie ein UNFCCC-Papier in Hinblick auf Aussagen zu Klimaschutzmaßnahmen im Agrar- und Forstbereich untersucht. Die EU-Dokumente lassen einen steigenden politischen Handlungsbedarf für den Klimaschutz auch außerhalb des Treibhausgasemissions-Handelssystems (EU-ETS) erwarten. Die anderen beiden Dokumente geben Einschätzungen zu weltweiten Klimaschutzpotentialen wieder, und die Ergebnisse sind nur sehr eingeschränkt auf Deutschland anwendbar. In Kapitel 3 werden erste Ergebnisse einer Literaturanalyse zu Potentialen und Kosten von Maßnahmen im Agrarbereich dargestellt. Die Literaturanalyse ergab keine umfassenden, für...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Klimaschutz; Treibhausgase; Kosten; Landwirtschaft; Forstwirtschaft; Climate protection; Greenhouse gases; Cost; Agriculture; Forestry; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1 (Q18); Q2 (Q23); Q5 (Q51; Q 52; Q 54).
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104009

Analysis and Evaluation of Ecosystem Resilience:  An Economic Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vergano,   Lucia; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
This paper focuses on the analyses and evaluation of resilience anchored in an economic perspective. Resilience, as well as most of the benefits provided by ecosystems, is not priced on current markets. However, this does not mean that resilience is of no value for humans. On the contrary, the interest of using an economic perspective, and the respective scientific methodology, will be put forward in terms of resilience relevance for ecosystems’ life and functioning, and its impact on human welfare. The economic perspective is anchored in an anthropocentric analysis meaning that resilience is evaluated in terms of provision of natural capital benefits. These, in turn, are interpreted as an insurance against the risk of ecosystem malfunctioning and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12205

Analysis for biotechnology innovations using Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lanacre,   Nicholas A.; Gaskell,   Joanne; Rosegrant,   Mark W.; Falck-Zepeda,   Jose Benjamin; Quemada,   Hector; Halsey,   Mark; Birner,   Regina.
Meeting the food needs of the world’s growing population while reducing poverty and protecting the environment is a major global challenge. Genetically modified crops appear to provide a promising option to deal with this challenge. However there is a need to make strategic decisions on how to spend limited agricultural research funds in order to achieve a maximum impact with regard to finding sustainable solutions to end hunger and poverty. In international development institutions, there is growing interest in the potential use of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as part of a research based Environmental Management System (EMS) to promote mainstreaming of environmental considerations in policy development. SEA was developed as an approach to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk; Strategic Environmental Assessment; Genetically Modified; GMO; LMO; Living Modified Organisms; Biotechnology; Environmental risk; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58584

Analysis of a Climatically Variable Production Season
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Materer,   Susan M.; Corinne,   Valdivia.
Analysis of a small agropastoral community in Bolivia during a climatically vulnerable year, provided insight into how households diversify and change productions strategies in order to secure income and food consumption. Twelve independent variables that identified distinct production strategies were analyzed according to how well they estimated total income. A subset selection process determined the best combination of variables, or production strategies. The four variables chosen were food plots, shared land, off farm income and number of native animals. These variables characterize traditional farming practices and have social and human capital embedded within them. It is important to understand how households mitigate and cope with climatic risks, in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92905

Analysis of Agricultural Economics for the Central Valley Project  Improvement Act Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hatchett,   Steven; Mann,   Roger; Zhang,   Bin.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35761

Analysis of agri-environmental measures in Hungary – a regional perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Katona-Kovacs,   Judit.
The hypothesis behind this paper is that agri-environmental measures (AEMs) in Hungary, and probably in the other EU New Member States, are not merely substitutes for traditional agricultural subsidies, but measures which could support rural development and encourage environmentally sustainable agricultural production. The first part of this paper examines concepts closely related to AEMs, as well as the place of AEMs in regional, rural, and  agricultural development policy. The second part shows how agri-environmental measures have gained ground in Hungary. The third part presents the results of an analysis of the Hungarian AEMs’ database. Finally, based on the literature and analysis findings, it is suggested that, for sustainable development, one needs...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental measures; Hungarian agriculture; Multifunctional agriculture; Sustainable development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46663

Analysis of Development of Investments in the Agricultural Sector of the Czech Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zidkova,   Dana; Rezbova,   Helena; Rosochatecka,   Eva.
The aim of this article is to analyse the investment activities realized in the agricultural sector of the Czech Republic during the period of 1998-2009. The study focuses on the development of the volume of investments in agriculture, their composition and economic efficiency. The analysis is based on data from the Aggregate Agricultural Account drawn up by the Czech Statistical Office (Český statistický úřad, ČSÚ). Investment activity is studied on the basis of such indicators as the gross fixed capital formation, net fixed capital formation, gross investment rate, requirements for investments. The impact of selected factors influencing the gross fixed capital formation and its composition is evaluated
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Investment activities; Agricultural sector; Gross fixed capital formation; Requirements for investments; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102492

Analysis of Environmental and Economic Efficiency: Application of the Overseer model and simulated data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramilan,   Thiagarajah; Scrimgeour,   Frank G.; Marsh,   Dan.
New Zealand’s success in raising agricultural productivity has been accompanied by higher input use, leading to adverse effects on the environment. Until recently, analysis of farm performance has tended to ignore such negative externalities. The current emphasis on environmental issues has led dairy farmers to target improvements in both environmental performance and productivity. Therefore measuring the environmental performance of farms and integrating this information into farm productivity calculations should assist informed policy decisions which promote sustainable development. However this is a challenging process since conventional environmental efficiency measures are usually based on simple input and output flows but nitrogen discharge is a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Data Envelopment Analysis; Economic; Efficiency; Environment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97161

Analysis of Factors Influencing Adoption of Dairy Technologies In Western Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Makokha,   Stella Nabwile; Karugia,   Joseph Thuo; Staal,   Steven J.; Oluoch-Kosura,   Willis.
Indicators of poverty in western Kenya show high poverty levels. The area has low dairy development yet the potential for dairy development is quite high. Dairy farming has the potential to reduce poverty by increasing incomes and reducing unemployment. This paper reports factor interrelationships in dairy adoption with a view to understanding factors that influence adoption. The binary probit model was used to analyse data from 1575 households. Contrary to findings from similar studies elsewhere, some factors had a negative association with adoption, thus unfolding a unique adoption process. The association between the factor interactive affects and technology adoption highlighted the importance of exploring factor interrelationships. The widely held...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Factor interrelationship; Spatial factors; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52094

Analysis of Intended Farmers’ Response to CAP Scenarios: Environmental considerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giannoccaro,   Giacomo; Berbel,   Julio.
This research is a result of the CAP-IRE project which objective is the understanding farmer’s reactions under CAP scenarios by 2020. In particular this research aims to analyze the role of the current CAP design on the farmer’s decision process focusing on several environmental issues. The analysis is based on 2,360 observations of household farmers across 11 cases study in 9 EU countries. Intended responses of farmers to the CAP reforms are analyzed by logistic model regression. According to the results CAP scenarios would influence farmer’s decision on fertilizers and pesticides, as well as water use, while the highest effect is found for decisions on number of animal rearing on the farm. Factors determining reaction to the CAP scenario are monetary and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental sustainability; Farmer’s intended behaviour; Logistic regression; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99419

Analysis of Participation in Multifunctional Agriculture:  U.S. Rice Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tur Cardona,   Juan; Wailes,   Eric J.; Dixon,   Bruce L.; Danforth,   Diana M.
Multifunctional agriculture is particularly fundamental to some working lands conservation policies and programs, such as the Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP), Conservation Security Program (CSP) and Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program (WHIP). Farmers can also be engaged in providing recreational and agri-tourism services such as hunting, fishing, bird-watching, farm tours, petting zoos and hospitality services. Using the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) we analyze factors associated with participation in conservation, recreation and agri-tourism activities as a function of farm structure, farm financial measures, production practices, and socio-demographic characteristics of the farm operator. To estimate the functional...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multifunctional agriculture; Agri-environmental policy; Rice; Logistic model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q18; Q26; Q28.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119750

Analysis of Property Values, Local Government Finances and Reservation of Land for National Parks and Similar Purposes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Pearson,   Leonie J.
The impact on local government finances of the reservation of land for national parks in local government areas has been a bone of contention. This article analyses the situation. It identifies conditions in which the reservation of land for national parks increases total rateable unimproved property values in a local government area. The level of a local government’s receipts from rates tend to move in the same direction as the total value of rateable property in its local government area. Thus, even though national parks and similar natural areas are not rateable, it is possible that the reservation of some local government areas for such protection, can increase the receipts from rates of the local council concerned. However this is not always so and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: National Parks; Local government; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48380

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REGULATION (EEC) 2078/92; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ragazzoni,   Alessandro; Canavari,   Maurizio.
This paper is concerned with analyzing the CAP policies involving environmental issues and simulating probable results at a farm level of the adoption of agri-environmental measures.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14399

Analysis of rural credit market performance in north west region, Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bime,   Mary-Juliet; Mbanasor,   Jude Anayochukwu.
The study was conducted to access the performance of rural credit markets in the North West Region of Cameroon. Specifically, it identifies the various participants in credit markets, estimate as and analysis the credit demand and supply functions. Data were primarily gathered through a multi-stage sampling technique involving 360 households and 60 credit institutions. Results reveal that interest, income, household size, farm size, education age and sex of respondents were determinants of credit demand while Interest paid, gross income and source of loan determined credit supply. It was recommended that interest should be kept low to encourage proper functioning of credit markets.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Performance; Formal; Informal; Credit demand; Credit supply; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116380

Analysis of Spatial Variation in Flood Risk Perception
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Atreya,   Ajita; Susana,   Ferreira.
We use hedonic property models to estimate the spatial variation in flood risk in the city of Albany, GA. In addition to knowing whether a property is in the floodplain, we have a unique dataset with actual inundation maps from tropical storm Alberto that hit Albany in 1994. In the absence of information on the structural damages caused by a flood, having information on the actual inundated area can be useful to tease out information effect of a new flood from potential reconstruction cost. We find that the discount in actually inundated properties is larger which supports our hypothesis that homeowners respond better to what they have visualized (“seeing is believing”) and also the potential reconstruction cost in addition to information effect is...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Flood Risk; Inundation; Spatial; Discount; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q; R.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119738

Analysis of Technological Portfolios for CO2 stabilizations and Effects of Technological Changes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sano,   Fuminori; Akimoto,   Keigo; Homma,   Takashi; Tomoda,   Toshimasa.
In this study, cost-effective technological options to stabilize CO2 concentrations at 550, 500, and 450 ppmv are evaluated using a world energy systems model of linear programming with a high regional resolution. This model treats technological change endogenously for wind power, photovoltaics, and fuel-cell vehicles, which are technologies of mass production and are considered to follow the “learning by doing” process. Technological changes induced by climate policies are evaluated by maintaining the technological changes at the levels of the base case wherein there is no climate policy. The results achieved through model analyses include 1) cost-effective technological portfolios, including carbon capture and storage, marginal CO2 reduction costs, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12049

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION ON PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomez,   Irma A.; Love,   H. Alan; Burton,   Diana M.
Environmental regulations are hypothesized to have an impact on industry structure in manufacturing industries.  A nonstationary Markov chain analysis shows that the capital expenditures required to meet environmental regulations is a statistically significant variable explaining increasing concentration of production capacity in the pulp and paper industry.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20938

Analysis of the regional impacts of Climate Policy in Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okajima,   Shigeharu.
After great improvements in energy efficiency in the 1970’s, Japan has made little progress in reducing energy consumption since 1990, the base year for the Kyoto Protocol.  This study is motivated by the recent growing demands among policy makers to find all possibilities for saving energy.  To make informed decisions on how to save energy, policy makers need detailed information on energy consumption structures within each jurisdiction. First, in this article, I decompose national level energy intensity into efficiency and activity effects with the Fisher Ideal index, and then estimate regressions on prefecture level residential electricity demand between 1990 and 2003.  It is found that national level energy intensity declined by seventy three percent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fisher index; Energy intensity; Regional Computable General Equilibrium; Environmental taxes; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49118

Analysis of Trade and Environmental Policy Options on the Basis of a National Agricultural Sector Model with Multifunctional Outputs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Gerald.
Studies on liberalisation normally do not take into account the external benefits and costs of agriculture. Empirical studies on the valuation of externalities should be integrated into quantitative modelling. MULTSIM is a national supply model of agriculture. Besides commodity output the model depicts also external benefit linked to landscape preservation and external environmental costs of agriculture. Internalisation scenarios are defined showing that the reduction of commodity-linked support and the introduction of land subsidies and intermediate input taxes have differentiated impacts on the farm types’ competitiveness. A comprehensive policy approach to multifunctional agriculture requires market feedbacks to be taken into account. Internalising...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental costs; Multifunctional agriculture; Policy analysis; Agricultural sector modelling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98362

Analysis on the Development Trend of Oasis Subject and Its Countermeasures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Kaiyong; Yang,   Le; Pang,   Wei; Pan,   Xudong; Zhang,   Fenghua.
The research status, development and trend of oasis subject were analyzed, and related countermeasures to develop oasis subject were put forward.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Oasis subject; Subject; Development; Construction; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53602

ANALYZING AGRICULTURAL LANDOWNERS' WILLINGNESS TO INSTALL STREAMSIDE BUFFERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lynch,   Lori; Hardie,   Ian W.; Parker,   Douglas D.
Many watershed organizations have prioritized establishing streamside (riparian) buffers on agricultural land to improve water quality. Using data from a 2000 survey of 500 Maryland landowners, we examine what level of financial incentives they would require to install such buffers for 15 years on a voluntary basis.  A random utility model is developed where a landowner is willing to accept the offered contract if he or she receives a higher utility from the incentive payment and buffer installation than from not planting the buffer.  Given the development pressure in the Washington D.C./Baltimore corridor, we test whether farmers need more than the agricultural opportunity costs to encumber their land.   Higher incentive payments, part-time farming,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28570

ANALYZING ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY WITH POLLUTION ABATEMENT VERSUS OUTPUT ANALYZING ENVIRONMENTAL REDUCTION: AN APPLICATION TO U.S. AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schamel,   Guenter; de Gorter,   Harry.
A model is developed that derives optimal pollution levels and determines the welfare economics of pollution reduction, differentiating between abatement and output reduction. It is suitable to analyze alternative policy instruments aimed to reduce external costs of agricultural production. The model is applied to the U.S. corn sector and we simulate the effects of stylized environmental policies for pesticide use on social welfare and environmental quality. The simulation results indicate that across policy scenarios, fairly modest reductions in output may induce significant gains in social welfare and environmental quality.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6853

ANALYZING PEST CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR COTTON WITH AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MATRIX
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Badger,   Daniel D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29825

Analyzing the Economic Impact of Climate Change on Global Timber Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sohngen,   Brent; Sedjo,   Roger A.; Mendelsohn,   Robert; Lyon,   Kenneth S.
In this paper, we show how ecological and economic models can be linked to determine the economic impact of climate change on global timber markets. We begin by discussing some of the important issues relevant to global impact analyses such as this. We then outline our general modeling framework and discuss the particular models that will be used. Finally, we discuss some of the important issues involved with linking the two types of models.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Economic model; Timber; Timber market; Dynamic; Optimal control; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10462

Analyzing the Feasibility of Prairie Dog Hunting in the Northern Texas Panhandle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   DeDe; Mayfield,   Gid.
Prairie dogs are burrowing rodents located throughout the United States.  The black-tailed prairie dog is a common species that primarily inhabits the Great Plains region, with a large population in Texas. While these animals continue to thrive in many locations, there has been a significant reduction in numbers over the past one hundred years.  Several conservation efforts have attempted to remedy this situation.  The Black-tailed Prairie Dog Conservation and Management Plan is a long-term monitoring program between the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and cooperating landowners.  This plan’s purpose is to develop a strategy that conserves the species while simultaneously protecting property rights.  One of the plan’s recommended methods for keeping...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Prairie Dogs; Texas Ranching; Risk Management; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119764

ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF BEACH CLOSURES, INTERSITE SUBSTITUTION AND INTERTEMPORAL SUBSTITUTION VIA A MODEL OF ATTENDANCE AT FIVE ORANGE COUNTY BEACHES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busch,   Christopher B.; Hanemann,   W. Michael.
This paper explores the impact on beach attendance of beach closures and the intersite and intertemporal substitution that may follow beach closures. A model of beach attendance is developed that builds on a model constructed by Paul Ruud to support the State of California's claim to damages after the American Trader oil spill off the coast of Orange County, southern California. Newly gathered data on beach closures is combined with data on daily attendance from 1985-1993. Variables are constructed to test for intersite substitution (the shifting of beach recreation in space, i.e. from a closed beach to another beach) and intertemporal substitution (the shifting of demand for recreation at a particular beach over time). The method of non-linear least...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6865

Analyzing the Potential Water Conservation Strategies: An Application to Irrigated Agriculture in the Texas Panhandle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tewari,   Rachna; Almas,   Lal K.; Lust,   David G.; Amosson,   Stephen H.; Bretz,   Fran E.
Witnessing a rapid surge in irrigation requirements as well as the pressure on natural resources to augment production for satisfying grain demand for the growing human and livestock population, ground water supply in the Texas Panhandle reflects itself as a limiting yet indispensable factor. This study evaluates the effectiveness of eight potential water management strategies in terms of  water savings, implementation costs as well as the regional impact of each policy on  the agricultural economy of Region A, comprising 21 counties in the North Texas High Plains, over a  fifty-year planning horizon.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ogallala Aquifer; Water Management strategies; Texas Panhandle; Regional Impacts; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56393

Ancillary Benefits of Reduced Air Pollution in the United States from Moderate Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies in the Electricity Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Palmer,   Karen L.; Paul,   Anthony; Toman,   Michael; Bloyd,   Cary.
This paper considers how moderate actions to slow atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel use also could reduce conventional air pollutants in the United States. The benefits that result would be "ancillary" to greenhouse gas abatement. Moreover, the benefits would tend to accrue locally and in the near term, while benefits from reduced climate change mostly accrue globally and over a time frame of several decades or longer. The previous literature suggests that changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx) would be the most important consequence of moderate carbon policies. We calculate these changes in a detailed electricity model linked to an integrated assessment framework to value changes in human health. A tax of $25 per metric ton of carbon...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Ancillary benefits; Air pollution; Co-control benefits; Nitrogen oxides; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon dioxide; Particulates; Health; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; I18; Q48.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10664

ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND AIR QUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sweeten,   John M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33064

ANOTHER LOOK AT THE INCOME ELASTICITY OF NON-POINT SOURCE AIR POLLUTANTS: A SEMIPARAMETRIC APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roy,   Nilanjana; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In this paper, a semiparametric model is used to examine the relationship between pollution and income for three non-point source pollutants. Statistical tests reject the quadratic specification in favor of the semiparametric model in all cases. However, the results do not support the inverted-U hypothesis for the pollution-income relationship.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18167

Antarctic tourism: Environmental concerns and the importance of Antarctica's natural attractions for tourists
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article provides general background on the development of tourism in Antarctica and environmental concerns raised by it. However, the major part of it reports on and interprets the results from a survey of tourists visiting Antarctica on a cruise ship. Particular attention is given to the socioeconomic profiles of these tourists, their stated level of knowledge of Antarctica before and after their visit, the relative importance to these visitors of seeing different species of Antarctic wildlife and whether or not the opportunity of seeing Antarctic wildlife was of critical importance for their decision to visit Antarctica. The relative valuation by the sampled tourist of features of their Antarctic cruise is explored along with changes in their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Antarctica; Antarctica’s natural attractions; Cruise ships in Antarctica; Environmental conservation in Antarctica; Tourism in Antarctica; Wildlife conservation in Antarctica.; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; L83; Q26; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97469

Antarctic Tourists: A Case Study of Their Evaluation of Antarctic Wildlife and Environmental Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Kriwoken,   Lorne.
Reports the results of surveys of Antarctic cruise ship passengers on the ‘Akademik Ioffe’ who undertook their Antarctic journey in January 2003.  The prime purposes of the surveys were to determine the socio-economic profile of these travellers, evaluate the importance of Antarctic wildlife for their travel, their attitude to Antarctic wildlife conservation as well as environmental issues involving Antarctica, both prior to their tourist visit to Antarctica and following it.  This paper reports on the socio-economic profile of respondents, their willingness to pay for their Antarctic trip, and their knowledge of Antarctica.  The comparative importance of Antarctic wildlife as a factor motivating respondents to undertake their journey is assessed and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Antarctic wildlife conservation; Environmental issues; Willingness to pay; Antarctica; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48980

Antarctic Tourists, Wildlife and the Environment: Attractions and Reactions to Antarctica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
Provides background on the development and nature of Antarctic tourism and associated environmental issues, as well as agreements and regulations affecting environmental management in Antarctica.  Following an outline of the survey methodology and provision of information on the socioeconomic profiles of the respondents, results of a survey of Antarctic tourists on the Russian registered ship the ‘Akademik Ioffe’ are reported.  The importance of Antarctic wildlife as an attraction for these Antarctic tourists is then given particular attention.  The study considers amongst other things how important Antarctic wildlife was in convincing these tourists to undertake their trip to Antarctica, the importance to the tourists of seeing different species of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Antarctica; Tourism; Wildlife; Antarctic Treaty; Madrid Protocol; Environmental protection.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51295

ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA: A LEGACY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, POLICY FAILURE, AND COASTAL DECLINE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Albuquerque,   Klaus; McElroy,   Jerome L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11913

Aportaciones desde la economía de la adaptación a la toma de decisiones sobre cambio climático: un ejemplo para la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Galarraga,   Ibon; Oses,   Nuria; Markandya,   Anil; Chiabai,   Aline; Khantun,   Kaysara.
As a consequence of Climate Change sea level rise as well as a change in the intensity and propensity of rain are expected in the Basque Country. Valuing the costs and benefits of adapting to these changes becomes an important piece of information for the planning process. This paper develops two methodological frameworks. The first one devoted to estimating the economic impacts to urban areas of an increase in the risk of flooding. The values estimated for the Nervión river in the city of Amurrio (Álava) indicate that the average expected damage will increase in 15 per cent as a consequence of CC (from €56,097 to €64,451). For an extreme episode the total loss could increase to €20 million. The second framework is oriented towards the valuation of the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change impacts; Economic valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117620

Application of the Procedure for Institutional Compatibility Assessment (PICA) to the implementation of the EU Nitrate Directive in Midi-Pyrenees. Evaluation and suggestions for further improvement and integration into the final version of SEAMLESS-IF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amblard,   Laurence; Mann,   Carsten; Lemeilleur,   Sylvaine; Therond,   Olivier; Schleyer,   Christian; Theesfeld,   Insa; Hagedorn,   Konrad.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57936

Applying and Extending the Sustainable Value Method related to Agriculture – an Overview
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Illge,   L.; Hahn,   Tobias; Figge,   F.
Sustainable Value is a method to measure the contribution of an economic entity, such as a farm or the entire agricultural sector, towards the sustainability (sustainable development) of a region, a country or on a global scale. A positive sustainable value is created once resources are used more efficiently than by a benchmark. It shows the excess return that is created or lost by the use of economic, environmental and social resources by an economic entity relative to a benchmark. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview on the characteristics and requirements of the SV and to provide information on (a) possible applications and (b) extensions of the SV method related to the agricultural sector. A particular emphasis is put on the choice of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability contributions; Value; Measurement; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44441

APPLYING BIOSOLIDS: ISSUES FOR VIRGINIA AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Faulkner,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14854

Applying Optimization and the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Enhance Agricultural Preservation Strategies in the State of Delaware
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Messer,   Kent D.; Allen,   William L., III.
Using agricultural preservation priorities derived from an analytical hierarchy process by 23 conservation experts from 18 agencies in the state of Delaware, this research uses weighted benefit measures to evaluate the historical success of Delaware’s agricultural protection fund, which spent nearly $100 million in its first decade. This research demonstrates how these operation research techniques can be used in concert to address relevant conservation questions. Results suggest that the state’s sealed-bid-offer auction, which determines the yearly conservation selections, is superior to benefit-targeting approaches frequently employed by conservation organizations, but is inferior to the optimization technique of binary linear programming that could have...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Conservation optimization; Farmland protection; Analytic hierarchy process; Binary linear programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95581

Applying Optimization to the Conservation Project Selection Process: A Case Study of Readiness and Environmental Protection Initiative
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Zhuo; Messer,   Kent D.; Korch,   Mary A.; Bounds,   Thomas.
This study presents a thorough discussion of the efficiency and effectiveness improvement from optimization models (Binary Linear Programming and Goal Programming), as applied to the Department of Defense’s Readiness and Environmental Protection Initiative. The OM models can yield 21% and 19.1% higher benefit scores respectively, spending $13,013,473 and $31,463,473 less total acquisition costs. To achieve the same level of conservation benefits for the current rank based approach, the REPI would spend additional $20.1 million and approximate 50% of the budget. A counterpart of OM- the cost-effective analysis is observed to be inefficient when the problem becomes complex. In a real world of political environment of the conservation programs, we suggest a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; C6; Q24.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103997

Applying Sustainable Value Methodology for Hungarian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molnar,   Andras.
The Sustainable Value method is a promising approach for accessing sustainability performance of a given activity using the concept of opportunity cost and the performance of a given benchmark. In this study the performance of the Hungarian agriculture is studied. Using FADN data for the period of 2002-2006, the possible effect of the EU accession on agricultural production is examined. Structural, economic and human factors are considered in order to gain better understanding of the differences.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; EU accession; Assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44139

Approach towards an operational tool to apply institutional analysis for the assessment of policy feasibility within SEAMLESS-IF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schleyer,   Christian; Theesfeld,   Insa; Hagedorn,   Konrad; Aznar,   Olivier; Callois,   Jean-Marc; Verburg,   Rene; Yelkouni,   Martin; Olsson,   Johanna Alkan.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9295

Approximating optimal numerical solutions to bio-economic systems: How useful is simulation-optimization?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Börner,   Jan; Higgins,   Steven Ian; Scheiter,   Simon; Kantelhardt,   Jochen.
For applications in agricultural economics, complex ecological systems are often oversimplified to the extent that ecologists rarely consider model results valid. Recursive optimization of complex systems represents an alternative, but requires strong assumptions regarding time preference and uncertainty. In this paper we explore the implications of merely approximating “true” optima of complex dynamic optimization problems using a technique called simulation-optimization. We develop a standard discrete renewable resource use problem and solve it numerically using both simulation-optimization and non-linear mathematical programming. We subsequently introduce non-linearity and uncertainty and graphically compare the performance of simulation-optimization...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Optimal control; Simulation; Ecological economic systems; Interdisciplinary modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51407

Aquaculture, Environmental Spillovers and Sustainable Developments: Links and Policy Choices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Although aquaculture has been practised for many centuries, it was in the past on quite a modest scale and limited to a few species e.g. carp. However, in recent decades, aquaculture has shown very rapid expansion. This is partly because catches of wild fish have expanded at a slower rate than demand and many new scientific and technological advances have been made in aquaculture. Furthermore, by the mid-1990s evidence available to scientists indicated that catches of wild fish had either reached, nearly reached or even exceeded their sustainable limits (Williams, 1997). Consequently, according to Meryl Williams (1997, p.18), Director of ICLARM, now “aquaculture is the major, though not sole hope, for improving the world’s fish production”. Aquaculture,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Environmental Spillovers; Sustainable Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48383

Are Agricultural Measures for Groundwater Protection Beneficial When Compared to Purification of Polluted Groundwater?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hasler,   Berit; Lundhede,   Thomas.
The groundwater resource, the drinking water areas and the surface water quality can be protected by measures, e.g. by reductions of pesticide and nutrient applications, conversion of arable land to grasslands or forests etc. The objective of the paper is to estimate the benefits of groundwater protection by the valuation method choice experiments. This method allows for separate estimation and comparison of the different attributes connected to groundwater protection i.e. the effects on drinking water and surface water quality as compared to the benefits from cleaning and treatment of polluted drinking water to make it suitable for drinking water consumption. The results indicate that the benefits are significant, and that the willingness to pay for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Groundwater; Pollution; Drinking water; Valuation; Choice experiments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q26; Q28; C42; D62.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24587

Are Agricultural Values a Reliable Guide in Determining Landowners’ Decisions to Create Carbon Forest Sinks?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaikh,   Sabina L.; Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This research examines the effects of various factors on farmer participation in agricultural tree plantations for economic, environmental, social and carbon-uptake purposes, and potential costs of sequestering carbon through afforestation in western Canada. Using data from a survey of landowners, a discrete choice random utility model is used to determine the probability of landowners’ participation and corresponding mean willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for a tree-planting program. WTA includes positive and negative benefits to landowners from planting trees, benefits not captured by foregone returns from agricultural activities on marginal land. Estimates of WTA are less than foregone returns, but even so average costs of creating carbon credits...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Willingness to accept compensation for tree planting; Afforestation; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q23; Q54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37017

Are Compact Cities Environmentally (and Socially) Desirable?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaigne,   Carl; Riou,   Stephane; Thisse,   Jacques-Francois.
There is a wide consensus among international institutions and national governments in favor of compact (i.e. densely populated) cities as a way to improve the ecological performance of the transport system. Indeed, when both the intercity and intra-urban distributions of activities are given, a higher population density makes cities more environmentally friendly as the average commuting length is reduced. However, when we account for the possible relocation of activities within and between cities in response to a higher population density, the latter may cease to hold. Because changes in population density affect land rents and wages, firms and workers re-optimize and choose new locations. We show that this may reshape the urban system in a way that...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas; Commuting costs; Transport costs; Cities; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; F12; Q54; Q58; R12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121692

Are Consumers Willing to Pay More for Biodegradable Containers Than for Plastic Ones? Evidence from Hypothetical Conjoint Analysis and Nonhypothetical Experimental Auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yue,   Chengyan; Hall,   Charles R.; Behe,   Bridget K.; Campbell,   Benjamin L.; Dennis,   Jennifer H.; Lopez,   Roberto G.
This study used and compared hypothetical conjoint analysis and nonhypothetical experimental auctions to elicit floral customers’ willingness to pay for biodegradable plant containers. The results of the study show that participants were willing to pay a price premium for biodegradable containers, but the premium is not the same for different types of containers. This article also shows the mixed ordered probit model generates more accurate results when analyzing the conjoint analysis Internet survey data than the ordered probit model.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biodegradable; Willingness to pay; Marketing; Carbon footprint; Waste composition; Green industry; Nursery crops; Floriculture crops; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D12; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100524

ARE ECO-LABELS VALUABLE? EVIDENCE FROM THE APPAREL INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nimon,   R. Wesley; Beghin,   John C.
Using U.S. apparel catalogue data, we estimate hedonic price functions to identify market valuation of environmental attributes of apparel goods. We identify a significant and robust premium for the organic fibers embodied in the apparel goods. We find an additional organic premium for baby items. However, we do not find evidence of a premium for environment-friendly dyes. We further investigate the pricing behavior of apparel suppliers for potential departure from competitive pricing of this environmental attribute and find no evidence different premium across firms, suggesting price-taking behavior in the environmental attribute space.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Eco-labels; Organic-cotton apparel; Natural dye; Hedonic price; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; L81; L67.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21016

Are Eco-Labels Valuable? Evidence from the Apparel Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nimon,   R. Wesley; Beghin,   John C.
Using U.S. apparel catalogue data, we estimate hedonic price functions to identify market valuation of environmental attributes of apparel goods. We identify a significant and robust premium for the organic fibers embodied in the apparel goods. We also find a discount for the "no-dye" label. We do not, however, find any evidence of a premium for environment-friendly dyes. We further investigate the pricing behavior of apparel suppliers for potential heterogenous pricing of the organic-fiber attribute and find no evidence of different premia across firms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Eco-labels; Organic-cotton apparel; Dyes; Hedonic price; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; L81; L67.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18417

Are Emissions Permits Regressive?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
Grandfathered emissions permits redistribute income to wealthy households by creating firm rents that ultimately accrue to shareholders. Consequently, they can be highly regressive, even if the poor do not have large budget shares for polluting goods. Using an analytical model, this paper estimates the burden borne by different income groups when emissions permits are used to control power plant emissions of carbon, SO2, and NOx. We also compare the burden borne by poor households under permits with that under emissions taxes, performance standards, technology mandates, and input taxes. And we show how the social costs of policies differ from efficiency costs when society has aversion to inequality.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Equity effects; Pollution controls; Emissions permits; Social welfare function; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; H22; H23.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10523

Are Farmers of the Middle Distinctively “Good Stewards?” Evidence from the Missouri Farm Poll, 2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   Harvey S., Jr.; Hendrickson,   Mary K.
In this paper we consider the question of whether middle-scale farmers, which we define as producers generating between $100,000 and $250,000 in sales annually, are better agricultural stewards than small and large-scale producers. Our study is motivated by the argument of some commentators that farmers of this class ought to be protected in part because of the unique attitudes and values they possess regarding what constitutes a “good farmer”. We present results of a survey of Missouri farmers designed to assess farmer attitudes and values regarding a variety of indicators of farmer stewardship, such as the most important issues in agriculture, environment and treatment of farm animals, perspectives on the past and future of agriculture, and ethical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farmers of the middle; Good farmer; Agrarianism; Farmer attitudes and values; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92623

Are Friendly Farmers Environmentally Friendly?  Environmental Awareness as a Social Capital Outcome
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Munasib,   Abdul B.A.; Jordan,   Jeffrey L.
This paper examines the hypothesis that social capital at the individual level affects environmentally friendly practices. Social capital represents the social connectedness of the individual. An individual with higher social capital is more likely to have better exposure and access to information about the importance of environmentally friendly practices. We study sustainable agricultural practices among Georgia farmers and examine whether their social capital levels have any effect on, (1) their adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, and (2) the extent to which they engage in these practices. Using the Georgia Social Capital Survey our measure of social capital is associational activities. We address a number of econometric issues: potential...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35281

Are Green Payments Good for the Environment?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
There is growing interest in green payments subsidizing conservation measures on working farmland based on the premise that they have positive effects on the environment and agriculture simultaneously without causing international trade distortions. This paper uses a Ricardian land market equilibrium model to examine the impacts of green payments. The analysis shows green payments can worsen ambient pollution damage by subsidizing the expansion of more intensive crop cultivation. Some forms of green can increase cultivation intensity (and thus environmental damage) as well. These adverse effects can be avoided by careful targeting, but such targeting is likely to be quite difficult.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31371

Are Italians Willing to Pay for Agricultural Environmental Safety? A Stated Choice Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Travisi,   Chiara M.; Nijkamp,   Peter.
The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture provides a particularly complex pattern of multidimensional negative side-effects, ranging from food safety related effects to the deterioration of farmland ecosystems.  The assessment of the economic implications of such negative processes is fraught with many uncertainties.  This paper presents results of an empirical study recently conducted in the North of Italy aimed at estimating the value of reducing the multiple impacts of pesticide use. This type of analysis is rather novel in Italy. A statistical technique known as choice modelling is used here in combination with contingent valuation techniques. The experimental design of choice modelling provides a natural tool for tackling simultaneously the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pesticide risks; Food safety; Willingness-to-pay; Choice modeling; Contingent valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24988

ARE POOR FARMERS TO BLAME FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION? RESULTS FROM THE PERUVIAN ALTIPLANO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Quiroz,   Roberto.
Links between poverty and natural resource degradation are examined in the context of soil erosion, fertility loss and overgrazing in the Peruvian Altiplano.  Multiple regression analysis of 1999 farm survey data examines 1) what agricultural practices affect natural resource degradation, and then 2) what factors affect farmers' choices of those agricultural practices.  Soil erosion and fertility loss appear reduced by increased fallow in crop rotations.  Overgrazing and range species loss are affected by changes in herd size and rotational grazing.  The effect of investment poverty on natural resource outcomes is not clear.  However, social and human capital variables both tend to favor the choice of more sustainable agricultural practices.  Natural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11627

Are Preferences for Environmental Quality Sensitive to Financial Funding Schemes? Evidence from a Marine Restoration Programme in the Black Sea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Remoundou,   Kyriaki; Koundouri,   Phoebe; Adaman,   Fikret; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
This paper uses a non-market valuation study to elicit consumers’ preferences for a marine restoration programme in the Black Sea aiming to reduce the level of public health risk from bathing and improve water quality and the overall level of marine biodiversity. In this context, we administer a stated choice experiment in coastal settlements in Ukraine and Turkey and employ two tax revenue reallocation schemes as payment vehicles. One proposes the financing of the marine restoration programme by the reduction of the public budget for renewable energy and the second by the reduction of the public budget on training for civil servants. We examine the stated preferences and the subsequently derived economic value estimates in the two treatments with the aim...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Non-Market Valuation; Stated Choice Experiment; Payment Vehicle; Tax Revenues Reallocation; Marine Resources; Black Sea; Marine Biodiversity; Developing Countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q22; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108204

Are tourists rational? Destination decisions and other results from a survey of visitors to a North Queensland natural site - Jourama Falls
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper reports on and interprets the results of a survey of visitors to the Jourama Falls Section of the Paluma Range National Park located in Northern Queensland. It reports, amongst other things, on how much knowledge visitors to the site had about it before their visit, the procedures they adopted in deciding to visit it and how generally they go about deciding to visit tourist sites when on holidays. The results are consistent with those predicted by theories of bounded rationality and behavioural economics. Information is also provided on the value visitors placed on attractions at the Jourama Falls sites, their attitudes to the private supply of tourist/visitor services and facilities in national parks, the importance of wildlife as an attraction...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Austrian School of Economics; Behavioural economics; Bounded rationality; Camping procedures; Decisions to visit tourist attractions; Entrance fee to national parks; Jourama Falls; Mahogany glider; Mental accounting; National parks; Neoclassical economics; Paluma Range national park; Private versus public supply of facilities; Proximity effect; Transaction cost theory; Wildlife valuation; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; L83; Q00; Q26; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90878

Are Travelers Willing to Pay a Premium to Stay at a “Green” Hotel? Evidence from an Internal Meta-Analysis of Hedonic Price Premia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuminoff,   Nicolai V.; Zhang,   Congwen; Rudi,   Jeta.
A growing number of hotels provide “green” lodging for travelers with strong environmental preferences. Twelve states have developed certification programs to regulate these claims. After describing the new market for green lodging, we use data on prices and amenities of “green” and “brown” hotels in Virginia to estimate a hedonic model of hotel room pricing. We find that travelers can expect to pay a significant premium for a standard room in a green hotel. An internal meta-analysis is used to evaluate the robustness of this result to subjective econometric modeling decisions. Our results indicate a premium between $9 and $26.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Green lodging; Hedonic; Hotel; Internal meta-analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95612

Are You SURE You Want to Waste Policy Chances? Waste Generation, Landfill Diversion and Environmental Policy Effectiveness in the EU15
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Iafolla,   Valentina; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Nicolli,   Francesco.
We empirically test delinking of waste dynamics with regard to economic growth and the effectiveness of environmental and specific waste-related policies, by exploiting a newly constructed, integrated waste-economic-policy dataset based on official data for the EU15 for 1995-2007. We find that absolute delinking for waste generation is far from being achieved in the EU despite fairly stringent and longstanding policy commitment that goes back to the mid 1990s, but which however is biased towards waste management and waste disposal rather than waste prevention. Policy as well as country structural factors seem to impact instead on landfill diversion. Nevertheless, country heterogeneity matters: SURE based analyses show that EU average figures often hide...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Waste Generation; Landfill Diversion; SUR; EU Waste Policy; Environmental Policy; Delinking; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; Q38; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91010

ARER Guidelines for Manuscript Submission
Provedor de dados: 31
Inside back cover
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55554

ARER GUIDELINES FOR MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59343

ÁRVÍZVÉDELMI TÖLTÉSEK GYEPTAKARÓINAK HASZNA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Felkai,   Beata Olga.
Az árvízvédelmi töltések védelmében, az árvizek levonulásában, ezáltal ma-gában az árvízvédelemben a gyepesítésnek jelentős szerepe van. Gazdaságosságát nem lehet egzakt módon bizonyítani, hiszen míg a létesítési és fenntartási költségeket egyértelműen meghatározhatjuk, a bevételi oldal összetett és nehezen számszerűsíthető.  Az árvízvédelmi földgátak gyepesítésének társadalmi hasznossága és gazda-sági előnye mégis vitathatatlan: - közvetlen gazdasági haszon: pl. fűtermés értékesítéséből származó bevétel; - közvetett gazdasági haszon: a kockáztatott vagyonérték sikeres védelme, emberélet védelme (nehezen számszerűsíthető, mérése a mikrorizikó (r) fogal-mának bevezetésével vált kivitelezhetővé); - a társadalom számára is több szempontból kedvező hatással...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Árvízvédelem; Kockázat; Gyepfelület; Vagyon; Gazdasági haszon; Direct and indirect economic benefits; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54420

As Ecosystem Services Are Demanded of Agriculture, What of Agricultural Economists?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27960

Asian Elephants as Agricultural Pests: Damages, Economics of Control and Compensation in Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandara,   Ranjith; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Despite growing attention to crop and property damage caused by the Asian elephant, uncertainty exists about the magnitude of this problem. This paper explores the nature and magnitude of this problem of Sri Lanka. An economic analysis of individual farmers’ decisions to control elephants is provided. Government policies to assist farmers to cope with the elephant pest problem are assessed. Appropriate compensation schemes for farmers are seen as potentially more effective for conserving elephants in Sri Lanka than legal prohibitions on killing of elephants. Issues raised have wider relevance than merely to Sri Lanka or Asian elephants.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asian elephant; Elephant pest problem; Sri Lanka; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48735

Asia's Livestock Industries: Changes and Environmental Consequences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Asia’s livestock populations and production of edible livestock have risen substantially in recent years. Asia has increased its global share of livestock and livestock products. Furthermore, it has greatly increased its involvement in world trade in edible livestock products, e.g., exports of poultry meat and pig meat and imports of bovine meat and milk products. This article highlights these changes focussing on China, considers the reasons for these and their possible consequences for the environment. Future possible threats to Asia’s export of livestock products are also discussed, such as environmental and animal welfare concerns.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54347

ASPECTOS TEÓRICOS E PRÁTICOS ASSOCIADOS À DECISÃO DE USO DE AGROTÓXICOS: UMA ABORDAGEM INTEGRADA ENTRE A AGRICULTURA, MEIO AMBIENTE E SAÚDE PÚBLICA.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soares,   Wagner Lopes; Porto,   Marcelo Firpo De Souza.
O objetivo desse artigo é discutir o que leva o agricultor a aplicar ou não os agrotóxicos, bem como ressaltar quais são os elementos que estão por traz dessa decisão. O presente trabalho abordará o problema a partir de uma análise integrada entre agricultura, meio ambiente e saúde pública, estabelecendo elementos que dão legitimidade à agricultura sustentável como geradora de benefícios sociais, ambientais e econômicos vis-à-vis as técnicas da agricultura convencional com uso intensivo de agrotóxicos e geradoras de externalidades negativas. Para tal, lançamos mão de alguns dados e artigos da literatura específica que ilustram os aspectos teóricos aqui levantados. Com intuito de corroborar esses aspectos teóricos, processamos os microdados da Pesquisa de...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agrotóxico; Intoxicação; Agricultura sustentável; Agricultura convencional; Pesticides; Poisoning; Sustainable agriculture; Conventional agriculture; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109672

Aspekte des Gewässerschutzes und der Gewässernutzung beim Anbau von Energiepflanzen - Ergebnisse eines Forschungsvorhabens im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nitsch,   Heike; Osterburg,   Bernhard; Buttlar,   Christine von; Buttlar,   Hans-Bernhard von.
Zusammenfassung: Der vorliegende Arbeitsbericht entstand im Rahmen eines Forschungsvorhabens im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes und beleuchtet mit dem Thema „Gewässerschutz und Energiepflanzen“ einen Aspekt, der bisher nicht im Fokus der Diskussionen um den Energiepflanzenanbau stand. In dieser Studie wurden relevante Verwertungsketten für die energetische Nutzung von landwirtschaftlicher Biomasse in Deutschland anhand potenzieller Auswirkungen auf die Gewässer bewertet. Mögliche negative Wirkungen auf die Gewässer sind häufig auch aus Klimaschutzgründen relevant. Vorgestellt werden zudem Möglichkeiten des gewässerschonenden Anbaus. Die Analyse stützt sich auf die Auswertung von Literatur sowie schriftlicher und telefonischer Befragungen verschiedener...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Energiepflanzen; Gewässerschutz; Biogasanlagen; Landnutzung; Steuerungsinstrumente; Energy crops; Water protection; Biogas plants; Regulation instruments; Land use; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; K32; Q18; Q24; Q25; Q42.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103662

Assessing China’s Energy Conservation and Carbon Intensity: How Will the Future Differ from the Past?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
As an important step towards building a “harmonious society” through “scientific development”, China has incorporated for the first time in its five-year economic plan an energy input indicator as a constraint. While it achieved a quadrupling of its GDP while cutting its energy intensity by about three quarters between 1980 and 2000, China has had limited success in achieving its own 20% energy-saving goal set for 2010 to date. Despite this great challenge at home, just prior to the Copenhagen climate summit, China pledged to cut its carbon intensity by 40-45% by 2020 relative its 2005 levels to help to reach an international climate change agreement at Copenhagen or beyond. This raises the issue of whether such a pledge is ambitious or just represents...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy Saving; Renewable Energy; Carbon Intensity; Post-Copenhagen Climate Negotiations; Climate Commitments; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q43; Q48; Q52; Q53; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92837

Assessing community values for reducing agricultural emissions to improve water quality and protect coral health in the Great Barrier Reef
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Windle,   Jill; Rolfe,   John.
Key policy issues relating to protection of the Great Barrier Reef from pollutants generated by agriculture are to identify when measures to improve water quality generate benefits to society that outweigh the costs of reducing pollutants. The research reported in this paper makes a key contribution in several key ways. First, it uses the improved science understanding about the links between management changes and reef health to bring together the analysis of costs and benefits of marginal changes, helping to demonstrate the appropriate way of addressing policy questions relating to reef protection. Second, it uses the scientific relationships to frame a choice experiment to value the benefits of improved reef health, and links improvements explicitly to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107583

Assessing community values for reducing agricultural emissions to improve water quality and protect coral health in the Great Barrier Reef
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Windle,   Jill.
Key policy issues relating to protection of the Great Barrier Reef from pollutants generated by agriculture are to identify when measures to improve water quality generate benefits to society that outweigh the costs of reducing pollutants. The research reported in this paper makes a key contribution in several key ways. First, it uses the improved science understanding about the links between management changes and reef health to bring together the analysis of costs and benefits of marginal changes, helping to demonstrate the appropriate way of addressing policy questions relating to reef protection. Second, it uses the scientific relationships to frame a choice experiment to value the benefits of improved reef health, and links improvements explicitly to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling experiment; Attribute definition; Input output definition; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q. 15; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100705

Assessing design options for a Nutrient Trading System using an integrated model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lock,   Kelly; Kerr,   Suzi; Cox,   Tim; Rutherford,   Kit.
Water quality in many New Zealand waterways is currently declining leading to lakes and rivers being closed for contact recreation such as swimming and potentially threatening our clean, green image. Much of this decline is associated with an increase in the nutrient loss from agriculture in the surrounding catchment. Nutrient trading systems are being considered in a number of catchments across the county to restrict the nutrient loss entering the waterways and thus improve the water quality. Such a system is currently being implemented in Lake Taupo and Environment Bay of Plenty is exploring actively the use of such a system to manage nutrient loss in the Lake Rotorua catchment. Yet the design of such systems is challenging. In a collaborative effort...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96443

ASSESSING ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF POLICY SCENARIOS ON FARM LEVEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ehrmann,   Markus.
B3_2
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Indicators; Policy assessment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93949

Assessing Economic and Environmental Impacts of Ethanol Production on Fertilizer Use in Corn Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nehring,   Richard F.; Vialou,   Alexandre; Erickson,   Kenneth W.; Sandretto,   Carmen L.
The share of corn used in ethanol production has been growing rapidly. USDA predicts that more than 30 percent of the corn crop will be used for ethanol production in 2009/2010. Expanded corn acreage contributes to the application of more fertilizer and is likely to introduce a larger volume of nutrients into the environment. This study found that an increase in ethanol production is consistent with a significant increase in quality-adjusted fertilizer use in selected corn states.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Quality-adjusted fertilizer; Corn production; Ethanol; Excess nutrients; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6736

Assessing Environment in Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A Time Series Estimation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koffi-Tessio,   Egnonto M.; Homevor,   Kpotogbe.
Within a context of global trade liberalisation and constrained national budgets, agriculture in many countries has proved incapable of sustaining household livelihoods an d socio-economic development in rural areas. The post-war industrial success of several Asian countries has suggested various alternatives for rural development, including tourism for domestic and possibly foreign visitors. After outlining the economic characteristics of rural tourism and its policies, this paper reviews the evolution of government policies in this area in East Asia, including the establishment of "tourist farms" and "pilot scheme" villages in Korea since the 1980s. A field survey of some 200 Korean village leaders and others, undertaken in 2004, is reported as to the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural tourism; Korea; East Asia; Tourism policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O18; Q26; Q28.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25481

Assessing Environmental Regulatory Arrangements for Aquaculture
Provedor de dados: 31
'Assessing Environmental Regulatory Arrangements for Aquaculture', was released on 10 February 2004. The paper reviews existing planning and environmental regulatory arrangements for aquaculture in Australia. It reveals significant differences in the way that aquaculture is regulated and administered across states. The regulations and their jurisdictional differences have implications for both the management of aquaculture and the efficiency of resource allocation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31905

Assessing Factor Contribution to Nitrogen Concentration Levels in the Raccoon River Watershed in Iowa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayasinghe,   Sampath; Miller,   David A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103796

ASSESSING IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ON ABORIGINAL PEOPLE: AN ECONOMIC EXAMINATION OF SUBSISTENCE RESOURCE USE AND VALUE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dosman,   Donna; Haener,   Michel K.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Marois,   Juanita; Boxall,   Peter C.
The report describes the research design, data collection and preliminary analysis of an economic assessment of non-timber resource use by Aboriginal People in Northwest Saskatchewan.  The project is designed to develop methods of valuing resource use by Aboriginal People so that these values can be incorporated into forest resource management decisions and to evaluate the impact of forest management actions on the economic well-being of Aboriginal People living in the region.  Data on non-timber resource use are collected and spatially explicit economic models are developed in order to construct estimates of behavioral change and value associated with changes in the environment and landscape (through forestry, access, or other landscape changes).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24034

Assessing local action groups and auctions as institutional alternatives for designing and implementing agri-environmental measures in the EU – results from an expert survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eggers,   Jorg; Mettepenningen,   Evy; Beckmann,   Volker.
The new European Council Regulation on support for rural development (EC) No. 1698/2005 has opened up the opportunity for two important innovations for the design and implementation of agrienvironmental measures: local action groups (LAG) according to the LEADER approach and calls for tender. The article firstly reviews the political and scientific debate on the possible performance of these innovations and, secondly, analyses how agents in public administrations, private associations and research institutes assess them. This ex-ante evaluation is based on 279 interviews in nine EU member states, carried out in the context of an EU-research project in the Sixth Framework Programme in 2006. The results show that (1) the performance of LAG is generally rated...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: European agri-environmental policy; Decentralisation; Local action groups; Auctions; European Rural Development Policy; European Agricultural Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97702

Assessing national values to protect the health of the Great Barrier Reef
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Windle,   Jill.
The aim of this study was to estimate the values to protect the health of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) at the national level and to examine the effects of distance decay on valuation estimates. A split-sample choice-modelling experiment was conducted in six locations: a regional town within the GBR catchment area (Townsville); Brisbane, the state capital approximately 450 km from the southern limit of the GBR; and four other capital cities (Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth) ranging from nearly 1,000 km to over 4,000 km from Brisbane. The results suggest that the average WTP across Australian households is $21.68 per household per annum for five years. There was some evidence of distance decay in values. Most decline occurred once outside the home...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Distance decay; Iconic resources; Choice modelling experiment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100732

Assessing national values to protect the health of the Great Barrier Reef
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Windle,   Jill.
The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is a vast iconic environmental asset covering an area of approximately 35 million hectares. It is valued by people all over Australia, as well as overseas. Non-market values for the GBR will comprise both use and non-use values. The values of people who live closer to the GBR and who can visit it more frequently are likely to be higher than those who live further away.   The aim of this study was to estimate the values to protect the health of the GBR at the national level and to examine the effects of distance decay on valuation estimates. A split-sample choice-modelling experiment was conducted in six locations:  a regional town within the GBR catchment area (Townsville); Brisbane, the state capital approximately 450 km from...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96384

ASSESSING OPT-OUT FORMATS FOR DISCRETE-CHOICE STATED PREFERENCES: RESULTS FROM A SALTWATER ANGLING SURVEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruby,   Melissa C.; Johnson,   F. Reed; Mathews,   Kristy E.
An important methodological issue in stated-preference (SP) experiments is the inclusion and format of an opt-out option.  A split-sample design is used in a saltwater angling SP survey to test how including a "no-trip" option influences attribute salience relative to an option that allows respondents to choose their customary site.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20807

Assessing Potential Impact of a Farmer Field School Training on Perennial Crop in Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wandji,   Njankoua; Binam,   Nyemeck; Sonii,   David; Mva Mva,   Jonas; Gockowski,   James.
This study is an attempt of the combination of multiple data sources referring to the same time period and to the same farmer population, it aims at assessing the potential impact of a cocoa Farmer Field School Training on Integrated Pest Management in Cameroon. Using a combination of a latitudinal and a longitudinal comparison, the results indicate that FFS-trained farmers have significantly more knowledge about crop husbandry practices than those in the non-participant comparison group. A 32% production increase and 45% income increase relative to the non-participants was estimated in the latitudinal analysis. The longitudinal comparison is showing significant adoption rates of 94, 93, 90, 66 and 35 % respectively for shade management, phytosanitary...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Integrated pest management; Farmer field school; Adoption rate; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52103

Assessing programmes for the provision of agri-environmental services               – An efficiency analysis realized in Southern Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kantelhardt,   Jochen; Eckstein,   Karin; Hoffmann,   Helmut.
Agricultural land use does not only concern farmers, but is of high relevance for the environment. Agri-environmental programmes aim to foster the environmental soundness of agricultural production. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of agri-environmental programmes on the economic and the environmental performance of farms. Using the nonparametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we calculated the economic as well as the environmental efficiencies of farms and examined whether farms are able to succeed in combining environmental and economic efficiency. As study object serves a South German agri-environmental programme, the Bavarian KULAP. A farm survey was conducted covering a total of 102 farmers. The results show that farmers who...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programme; Data envelopment analysis; Environmental efficiency; Economic efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51688

Assessing Recent Trends in Pesticide Use in U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge; Nehring,   Richard F.; Newcomb Sinha,   Elizabeth; Grube,   Arthur; Vialou,   Alexandre.
Replaced with revised version of paper 04/20/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pesticides; Herbicides; Insecticides; Hedonic models; Genetically engineered crops; Corn; Soybeans; Cotton; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49271

Assessing Rural Women Food Producers Capacity to Adopt Modern ICTs – A case Study of the Mfantsiman District of Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sampong,   D.D.; Egyir,   Irene Susana; Yaw,   Osei-Asare.
The traditional way of information dissemination has been through people; the modern way is through the electronic media – improved information and communication technologies (ICTs).  For effectiveness, modern ICTs should help women to improve on their income generating capacity.  Issues of level of resource capacity of women, information needed, and current sources of such information become important.  This study sought to investigate the issues above with respect to rural women food producers in the Mfantsiman District of Ghana.  Simple descriptive statistics and econometric models were employed in the data analysis of 91 randomly selected respondents.  The results of the study showed that: In general, the women food producers were aged, subsistence...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Information and communication Technology; Ghana; Women; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52149

Assessing Sustainability at Farm Level using RISE Tool: Results from Armenia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Urutyan,   Vardan E.; Thalmann,   Christian.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114820

ASSESSING SUSTAINABILITY IN AGRICULTURE: A MULTICRITERIA APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boggia,   Antonio; Abbozzo,   P.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14498

Assessing Sustainability of Agricultural Systems: Evidence from a Conjoint Choice Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sydorovych,   Olha; Wossink,   Ada.
This study identifies a list of economic, social, and ecological agricultural sustainability attributes based on experts' opinions.  Next, the attributes are used in a conjoint choice experiment which enables direct extraction of the relative impact of the attributes and attribute levels on individual respondents' perception of overall sustainability.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34889

Assessing Sustainability: Some Conceptual and Empirical Challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toman,   Michael; Lile,   Ronald D.; King,   Dennis M.
In this paper we address two related conceptual and practical challenges in assessing "sustainability." The first is the criteria to be used, in particular the relationship between sustainability and measures of economic well-being and the use of monetary versus nonmonetary indicators. The second is the problem of determining which physical scales to use for sustainability assessments when there are multiple and overlapping "communities" or stakeholder groups. While neither set of challenges admits a definitive solution, there has been progress on the first set of issues - in particular, through the development of multicriteria assessment strategies and stakeholder involvement processes. In contrast, the problem of how to assess sustainability in practice...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Integrated assessment; Environmental indicators; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; R19; D57.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10756

Assessing the Benefits of Public Research Within an Economic Framework:  The Case of USDA's Agricultural Research Service
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.; King,   John L.; Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.; Bucks,   Dale A.; Welsh,   Rick.
Evaluation of publicly funded research can help provide accountability and prioritize programs. In addition, Federal intramural research planning generally involves an institutional assessment of the appropriate Federal role, if any, and whether the research should be left to others, such as universities or the private sector. Many methods of evaluation are available, peer review—used primarily for establishing scientific merit—being the most common. Economic analysis focuses on quantifying ultimate research outcomes, whether measured in goods with market prices or in nonmarket goods such as environmental quality or human health. However, standard economic techniques may not be amenable for evaluating some important public research priorities or for...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Research Service; Federal intramural research; Publicly funded research; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94852

ASSESSING THE COSTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE CHANGES: A SITE-SPECIFIC, POLICY-SCALE MODELING APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   JunJie; Adams,   Richard M.; Kling,   Catherine L.; Tanaka,   Katsuya.
The growth in federal conservation programs has created a need for policy modeling frameworks capable of measuring micro-level behavioral responses and macro-level landscape changes. This paper presents an empirical model that predicts crop choices, crop rotations, and conservation tillage adoption as a function of conservation payment levels, profits, and other variables at more than 42,000 agricultural sites of the National Resource Inventory (NRI) in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. Predicted changes in crop choices and tillage practices are then fed into site-specific environmental production functions to determine changes in nitrate runoff and leaching and in water and wind erosion at each NRI site. This policy-scale model is applied to the case of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Conservation practices; Green payments; Land use changes; Nitrate runoff and leaching; Non-point pollution; Soil erosion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18475

Assessing the costs of measuring biodiversity: methodological and empirical issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Targetti,   Stefano; Viaggi,   Davide; Cuming,   David; Sarthou,   J.P.; Choisis,   J.P.
Organic and low-input farming practices are considered keystones for the conservation of biodiversity in semi-natural systems. Accordingly, attention to the assessment of the benefits stemming from these activities is increasing in order to provide a solid base for the adoption of agro-environmental incentives and to support their monitoring and evaluation. The evaluation of the positive effects of organic and low-input farming activities on biodiversity is limited mainly by: the difficulty in proposing simple and widely-applicable indicators of biodiversity, and the substantial lack of data concerning the costs of measuring biodiversity - an essential element for a cost-effectiveness analysis. Moreover, the limited scientific literature available is based...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity measurement; Research costs; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109414

Assessing the Distributional Impacts of Transferable Pollution Permits: The Case of Phosphorus Pollution Management at a River Basin Scale
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kampas,   Athanasios; Mamalis,   Spyridon.
Although the initial allocation of pollution permits is neutral in terms of efficiency, it does have a significant impact on distributive equity. In this paper, we examine the two main categories of permit allocation rules, the distributive and the reductive, for controlling phosphorus pollution in a small catchment in South West England. Based on the premise that the regulatory choice compromises efficiency and equity, the main result of this paper is that an allocation of permits in proportion to the intensity of environmental preferences is a “win-win” choice. The reason is that it simultaneously achieves two goals. First, it is efficient (or cost-effective) since a permit system achieves a prespecified target at a minimum abatement cost, while second,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Pollution permits; Phosphorus; Nutrient management; Export coefficient model; Water quality; Distributive justice; Income inequality; Atkinson Index; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44115

ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF CLEANING UP CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Utami,   Lisna.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11264

Assessing the Economic Impacts of Climate Change. An Updated CGE Point of View
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco; Eboli,   Fabio; Pierfederici,   Roberta.
The present research describes a climate change integrated impact assessment exercise, whose economic evaluation is based on a CGE approach and modeling effort. Input to the CGE model comes  from a wide although still partial set of up-to-date bottom-up impact studies. Estimates indicate that a temperature increase of 1.92°C compared to pre-industrial levels in 2050 could lead to global GDP losses of approximately 0.5% compared to a hypothetical scenario where no climate change is assumed to occur. Northern Europe is expected to benefit from the evaluated temperature increase (+0.18%), while Southern and Eastern Europe are expected to suffer from the climate change scenario under analysis (-0.15% and -0.21% respectively). Most vulnerable countries are the...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Modeling; Impact Assessment; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121700

ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMNETAL REGULATIONS IN CALIFORNIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hess,   Peter; Berck,   Peter.
Short Abstract A sophisticated computable general equilibrium model of the California economy tracks how regulatory costs, parameterized as enhanced capital and/or intermediate requirements for regulated industries, ripple through the economy as increased demand for compliance related inputs.  Effects on statewide and sector-specific output, employment, factor payments, and trade balances are reported.  Longer Abstract This paper uses a sophisticated computable general equilibrium model of the California economy to assess the economic impacts of various large-scale environmental regulations.  The model, E-DRAM (Environmental-Dynamic Revenue Analysis Model) was build by the authors for the California EPA/Air Resources Board by modifying DRAM (Dynamic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19701

Assessing the economic viability of alternative water resources in water scarce regions: The roles of economic valuation, cost–benefit analysis and discounting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birol,   Ekin; Koundouri,   Phoebe; Kountouris,   Yiannis.
This paper demonstrates a comprehensive methodology to assess the viability of an environmental management plan which has long-run economic and ecological impacts. The case study under consideration is the implementation of a water resource management plan in a water scarce region of the world, namely Cyprus. Specifically this plan proposes to replenish a depleting aquifer with treated wastewater. The methodology proposed first identifies the key stakeholder groups, namely farmers and the general public, who are hypothesized to derive economic values (benefits) from the implementation of this plan, and then implements stated preference methods to capture the total economic value of these benefits. Benefits are aggregated over the relevant populations of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Aquifer recharge; Treated Wastewater; Total Economic Value; Choice Experiment; Long-run Cost Benefit Analysis; Declining Discounting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51692

Assessing the Effects of Climate Change on Farm Production and Profitability: Dynamic Simulation Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cai,   Ruohong; Bergstrom,   John C.; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Wetzstein,   Michael E.
In this paper, a dynamic optimization model was developed to simulate how farm-level realized price and profitability respond to yield change which was induced by climate change. Producers' acreage response was included in the dynamic model considering crop rotation effect. In the crop rotation model, a modified Bellman equation was used to dynamically optimize the net present value of farm profit for a five-year interval. This simulation process was repeated through the year 2050. Then yield, price, and acreage response were compiled to generate realized profit. Results generally indicated that reduction in crop yields due to climate change results in reduced farm profitability for most of the states studied. Predicted climate change is more likely to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dynamic simulation model; Acreage response; Crop rotation; Expected price; Realized price; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103420

ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF LOCAL ACTION GROUPS AND AUCTIONS FOR DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES IN THE EU - RESULTS FROM AN EXPERT SURVEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eggers,   Jorg; Mettepenningen,   Evy; Beckmann,   Volker.
In this article the authors focus on two important innovations for agri-environmental measures in the new council regulation: The implementation of local action groups and a call for tenders. The article describes how relevant actors assess the innovations. The results are based on 276 interviews, carried out in 2006 in nine EU Member States. Generally, actors assume that measures designed in local action groups are not necessarily more economically efficient than current measures, but they do have potential to result in a higher ecological effectiveness and in a greater acceptance. However, the opinion on auctions is comparatively critical.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Decentralisation; Local action groups; Auctions; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7584

Assessing the environmental externalities from biofuels in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cuevas-Cubria,   Clara.
In Australia, as in other countries, the environmental costs and benefits of biofuel production and use have been found to vary greatly according to the production method and feedstocks used. In general, the use of biodiesel produced in Australia has been found to provide greater environmental benefits than ethanol, both in terms of reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reduced air pollutant emissions. In this paper, estimates of GHG and air pollutant emissions arising from biofuels and petroleum fuels production and use are employed to calculate the change in environmental externalities when substituting biofuels for petroleum fuels in Australia. These estimates of externalities highlight the need to better understand the environmental implications...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Environmental policy; Greenhouse gas emissions; Air pollutants; Externalities; Australia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47624

Assessing the Feasibility of Broiler Manure Transportation and Application in Crop Production under Environmental Restrictions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattarai,   Keshav; Paudel,   Krishna P.
This study combines survey information and GIS based optimization model to identify the optimal distribution of broiler litter in crop production. The results obtained provide more plausible transportation routes than the method that does not utilize all these constraints.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35451

Assessing the Impact of Biodiversity on Tourism Flows: A model for Tourist Behaviour and its Policy Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Macagno,   Giulia; Loureiro,   Maria L.; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Tol,   Richard S.J.
This analysis provides an example of how biodiversity can be measured by means of different indicators, and how the latter can be used to assess the influence of the biodiversity profile of a region on the tourism flows towards it. Previous studies have considered environmental amenities as one of the determinants of tourism destination choice. The central hypothesis of this paper is that the destination’s biodiversity profile can be considered as a key component of environmental amenities. The main objective of this study is to propose a different perspective on this topic, considering the role of biodiversity on tourists’ choice of destination and duration of stay. Domestic Irish tourist flows have been chosen as a case study. The first step of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Species Diversity; Habitat Fragmentation; Landscape Diversity; Trip Demand; Indicators; Ecosystem Services; Human Well-Being; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50406

Assessing the Impact of Cap-and-Trade Climate Legislation on Agriculture in the Northern Plains: A Policy Simulation with Farmer Preference and Adaption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jiang,   Yong; Koo,   Won W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cap-and-trade; Carbon sequestration; Climate change mitigation; Agricultural impact; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61532

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE IN GERMANY - A RICARDIAN ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aurbacher,   Joachim; Lippert,   Christian; Krimly,   Tatjana.
To assess the impact of climate change on agriculture in German districts, a Ricardian analysis accounting for spatial autocorrelation is used. The analysis relies on land rental prices from agricultural statistics and climate data from the network of German weather observation stations. The results of the cross-sectional analysis show a significant correlation between land rents and increasing mean temperatures, as well as (except for East Germany) a significant increase of land rents along with declining spring precipitation. Next, climate data from the regional climate model REMO are used to calculate local land rent changes under different IPCC scenarios for a time horizon between 2011 and 2040. The overall result is an increase in land rents which...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91257

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on China's Grain Sector and International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   James M.; Tuan,   Francis C.; Somwaru,   Agapi.
This study analyzes the potential impact of climate change on China's corn, wheat, and rice, domestic agricultural markets, and the international markets out to the year 2050. The study provides a brief background and reviews research literature of climate change effects on China's crop yields. The paper presents the potential impact of climate change on China's yields and attempts to quantify the domestic and global market impacts. The analysis has four scenarios, which assumes two future levels of greenhouse gas emissions with the effects of CO2 fertilization and no CO2 fertilization. A 27-country commodity partial equilibrium simulation mathematical programming model (PEATSim) is used for this analysis. Results indicate under CO2 fertilization, which...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Trade; Climate change; GHG; CO2 fertilization; Rice; Wheat; Corn; Dynamic partial equilibrium simulation mathematical model.; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103768

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on the  Brazilian Agricultural Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feres,   Jose Gustavo; Reis,   Eustaquio Jose; Speranza,   Juliana Simoes.
Este artigo tem por objetivo avaliar o impacto das mudanças climáticas sobre a agricultura brasileira tanto em termos da rentabilidade agrícola quanto do preço da terra. Para este fim, são estimados dois modelos econométricos: o modelo de efeitos fixos, segundo a metodologia desenvolvida por Deschênes e Greenstone (2007), e o modelo de preços hedônicos proposto por Mendelsohn et al. (1994). Ambos os modelos são estimados utilizando dados de painel para os municípios brasileiros no período de 1970-1995. Os resultados das simulações sugerem que o impacto das mudanças climáticas no setor agrícola brasileiro será relativamente modesto no médio prazo. Contudo, estes impactos tendem a tornar-se significativamente mais severos no longo...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mudanças climáticas; Análise ricardiana; Agricultura brasileira; Climate change; Ricardian analysis; Brazilian agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108136

Assessing the impact of U.S. ethanol market shocks on global crude oil and U.S. gasoline: A structural VAR approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McPhail,   Lihong Lu.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Structural VAR; Ethanol; Crude oil; Gasoline; Shocks; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61136

ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CAP-AND-TRADE CLIMATE POLICY ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN THE NORTHERN PLAINS: A POLICY SIMULATION WITH FARMER PREFERENCES AND ADAPTATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jiang,   Yong; Koo,   Won W.
The purpose of this study is to examine the possible local impacts of cap-and-trade climate policy on agricultural producers in the Northern Plains. This study explicitly considers farmer behavior with respect to agricultural opportunity in carbon offset provision and ability of adaptation to mitigate the production cost impact under a cap-and-trade climate policy. Based on empirically estimated farmer behavior models, a policy simulation with agricultural census data identifies farmer acreage enrollment in carbon offset provision, carbon offset supplies and revenues, the production cost impacts of carbon prices, and impacts on net farm income and their distributions among heterogeneous farmers. Our analysis find that: 1) farmer ex ante preferences in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas; Cap-and-trade; Climate change; Agricultural impact; Economics; Carbon offsets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91278

ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMING IN THE SOUTHEAST US AGRICULTURE USING OPTIMIZATION AND ECONOMIC FORECASTING PROCEDURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Hatch,   L. Upton.
We used a memory shortening transformation method to forecast the future prices of the seven selected commodities in the Southeast USA. These forecasted prices were used to find the optimal crop selection in a model farm in a representative county of each of the ten states in the Southeast US under three likely climate change scenarios. It is found that the Hadley climate change scenario may be benign compared to Hot and Very Hot Scenarios.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20622

ASSESSING THE JOINT INFLUENCE OF ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF INCREASES IN THE BUILT-ENVIRONMENT: A STUDY OF TRENDS IN CENTRAL NORTH CAROLINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vance,   Colin; Iovanna,   Rich.
This paper advances an empirical model assessing how, over both time and space, changes in land-use respond to changing economic and ecological conditions.  Focusing on Central North Carolina, a region that has undergone extensive changes in forest cover and agricultural lands over the past two decades, landscape dynamics are modeled by exploiting a spatial database that links several satellite images spanning the years 1975-1999 to a suite of socioeconomic, institutional and GIS-created explanatory variables.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21983

Assessing the marginal dollar value losses to an estuarine ecosystem from an aggressive alien invasive crab
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bell,   Brian A.; Menzies,   Sharon; Yap,   Michael; Kerr,   Geoffrey N.
This paper reports on a case study to establish dollar values for loss of biodiversity in the New Zealand coastal marine environment. The study uses the European Shore Crab (Carcinas maenas) as the example alien invasive species and the Pauatahanui Inlet, Wellington, New Zealand, as the ecosystem representative of the coastal marine environment. Choice modelling is the stated preference tool used to elicit marginal dollar values for these various attributes of the inlet. Reallocation of existing government expenditure is used as the payment mechanism. Results indicate a wide range of dollar values for the marginal losses to the environment, with no clear trend on a distance-decay relationship. The probability distributions of the dollar values of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Tax reallocation; Biosecurity; Coastal marine; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5978

Assessing the Market for Poultry Litter in Georgia:  Are Subsidies Needed to Protect Water Quality?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Bekchanov,   Ulugbek; Karali,   Berna; Kissel,   David; Risse,   Mark L.; Rowles,   Kristin; Collier,   Sam.
Concerns about nutrient loads into our waters have focused attention on poultry litter applications.  Like many states with a large poultry industry, Georgia recently designed a subsidy program to facilitate the transportation of poultry litter out of vulnerable watersheds. This paper uses a transportation model to examine the necessity of a poultry litter subsidy to achieve water protection goals in Georgia. We also demonstrate the relationship between diesel and synthetic fertilizer prices and the value of poultry litter. Results suggest that a well functioning market would be able to remove excess litter from vulnerable watersheds in the absence of a subsidy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fertilizer; Phosphorous; Poultry litter; Subsidy; Transportation model; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing; Q12; Q13; Q25; Q53.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117948

Assessing the performance of auctions for the allocation of conservation contracts: Theoretical and computational approaches
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hailu,   Atakelty; Schilizzi,   Steven; Thoyer,   Sophie.
There is a growing interest in using auctions for purchasing public goods from private agents. Auctions are being trialed in Australia and elsewhere to allocate conservation contracts. The expectation is that competitive bidding will reduce information rents and increase cost-effectiveness. This paper examines how auctions would perform under different assumptions regarding the rationality of bidders. A theoretical model requires bidders to be rational and use Nash equilibrium strategies, while an agent-based model assumes boundedly rational bidders learning from experience. The study illustrates the synergies between economic theory and agent-based modelling. Our findings provide a cautionary message regarding the performance of conservation auctions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19478

Assessing the potential for a payments for environmental services system in The Fond D'or Watershed, St. Lucia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pantin,   Dennis; Ramjattan,   Donna.
Bridgetown, Barbados 6th – 10th July, 2009
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: St. Lucia; Payment for Agricultural Services; Watershed Services; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q13; Q51; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122659

Assessing the potential for beneficial diversification in rain-fed agricultural enterprises
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kandulu,   John.
Climate change and climate variability induce uncertainty in yields, and thus threaten long term economic viability of rain-fed agricultural enterprises. Enterprise mix diversification is the most common, and is widely regarded as the most effective, strategy for mitigating multiple sources of farm business risk. We assess the potential for enterprise mix diversification in mitigating climate induced variability in long term net returns from rain-fed agriculture. We build on APSIM modelling and apply Monte Carlo simulation, probability theory, and finance techniques, to assess the potential for enterprise mix diversification to mitigate climate-induced variability in long term economic returns from rain-fed agriculture. We consider four alternative farm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate variability; Yield uncertainty; Economic returns; Rain-fed agricultural enterprise; Risk; Monte Carlo; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100568

Assessing the Potential for Payments for Watershed Services to Reduce Poverty in Guatemala
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pagiola,   Stefano; Zhang,   Wei; Colom,   Ale.
Payments for Environmental Services (PES) are being increasingly used as conservation instruments, particularly in Latin America. PES programs seek to capture part of the benefits derived from environmental services and channel them to natural resource managers who generate these services, thus increasing their incentive to conserve them. Many have assumed that these payments would go mostly to poor land users, and thus contribute to poverty reduction. There has been little empirical verification of this assumption to date, however.  The PES approach was conceptualized as a mechanism to improve the efficiency of natural resource management, and not as a mechanism for poverty reduction. Pagiola et al. (2005) identified three main questions regarding the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payments for Environmental Services (PES); Watershed; Poverty; Guatemala; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42932

Assessing the potential for synergy in the implementation of Payment for Environmental Services (PES) programs: an empirical analysis in Costa Rica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Wei; Pagiola,   Stefano.
Payment for environmental services (PES) is a promising mechanism for conservation. It also has the potential to contribute to social objectives such as poverty reduction. To promote synergy in the implementation of PES, however, a number of conditions on spatial, economic, ecological, and institutional feasibilities are essential. This study discusses factors affecting the synergy prospect of PES and provides a simple framework for assessing the potential for synergy in the implementation of PES, focusing on spatial correlation of thematic areas and funding availability for payments. We apply the framework to an empirical analysis of the “water funding” in Costa Rica, a new conservation financing source generated by water tariff revenue and will be...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payment for Environmental Services (PES); Synergy; Poverty reduction; Watershed conservation; Biodiversity conservation; Costa Rica; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51794

Assessing the Risk of Oil Spills in the Mediterranean: the Case of the Route from the Black Sea to Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bigano,   Andrea; Sheehan,   Paul.
Recent major spills on European coasts have highlighted the primary policy relevance for the EU of oil spills. This paper assesses the risks related to carrying oil to the EU along the route from the Russian Black Sea coast to Sicily, Italy (one of the most congested and strategically relevant European import routes). We develop a methodology based on Fault Tree Analysis, and we apply it to the most likely causes of an oil spill. We couple the resulting probabilities with data on expected spill size, types of oil carried and cleanup costs, to estimate expected costs for cleanup and loss of cargo. The route analysed appears to be a risky one; there is a “high” to “very high” risk of a spill along this route. The Turkish Straits turn out to be the major...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oil spills; Cleanup costs; Risk analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q32; Q51; Q52; Q53.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12112

Assessing the Role of Microfinance in Fostering Adaptation to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agrawala,   Shardul; Carraro,   Maelis.
Much of the current policy debate on adaptation to climate change has focussed on estimation of adaptation costs, ways to raise and to scale-up funding for adaptation, and the design of the international institutional architecture for adaptation financing. There is however little or no emphasis so far on actual delivery mechanisms to channel these resources at the sub-national level, particularly to target the poor who are also often the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. It is in this context that microfinance merits a closer look. This paper offers the first empirical assessment of the linkages between microfinance supported activities and adaptation to climate change. Specifically, the lending portfolios of the 22 leading microfinance...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Microfinance; Climate Change; Financing; Adaptation; Bangladesh; Nepal; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q56; Q54; R51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92709

Assessing the Sustainability of Irish Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dillon,   Emma J.; Hennessy,   Thia C.; Hynes,   Stephen; Commins,   Verena.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6474

Assessing Time-Varying Oligopoly and Oligopsony Power in the U.S. Paper Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mei,   Bin; Sun,   Changyou.
The U.S. paper industry has become increasingly concentrated and therefore been suspected of imperfect competition. In this study, the new empirical industrial organization approach is employed to measure the degree of oligopoly and oligopsony power in the U.S. paper industry simultaneously. The model is estimated by iterative three-stage least squares using annual data from 1955 to 2003. The results reveal that there has been significant oligopoly and oligopsony power in the U.S. paper industry, and the oligopoly power has been consistently lower than the oligopsony power.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Market power; NEIO; Three-stage least squares; Time-varying parameters; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; L13; Q23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47268

Assessing Water Policies and Farmers’ Vulnerability in Groundwater Irrigation Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Varela-Ortega,   Consuelo; Esteve,   Paloma; Downing,   Thomas E.; Bharwani,   Sukaina.
Spain is the most arid country in Europe and water use as well as water depletion and environmental degradation have slowly become a matter of social concern. Balancing the two objectives of “water for rural livelihoods” and “water for nature” constitutes a difficult challenge for the water Administration. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of water conservation policies in the Upper Guadiana River basin (Spain), where intensive irrigated agriculture resulted in the overexploitation of the Western La Mancha aquifer and the subsequent degradation of the highly valuable wetlands. Focus is made on farmers’ vulnerability to these policies. The methodology combines qualitative and quantitative aspects by the integration of an economic model and a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water policies; Economic model; Vulnerability assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51687

Assessment of Environment Impact of CAP Reforms on European Agricultural Production Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Serrao,   Amilcar.
The studies of performance and production efficiency have ignored additional products of most transformation processes classified as undesirable outputs. Without the inclusion of the undesirable outputs, the efficiency measurement is a purely technical measure, and it does not account for the interaction of the system with the environment and the impact of policy decisions on the system. Moreover, there are technological dependencies between the desirable and the undesirable outputs which have to be included in the analytical tools used to measure efficiency.  The relationships between the desirable and the undesirable outputs motivate the exploration of new areas of the measurement of efficiency to incorporate policy decisions and address new issues. This...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Data Envelopment Analysis; Performance Measurement; Undesirable Outputs; Technological Dependence; Goal Programming; Common Agricultural Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; CO2; DO1; Q15; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103409

Assessment of sustainability in organic and conventional farms in Tunisia: The case of olive-growing farms in the region of Sfax
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laajimi,   Abderraouf; Ben Nasr,   J.; Guesmi,   Anis.
This research has been carried out to study the sustainability of the Tunisian olive-growing farms and to compare the sustainability level of organic with conventional farms. A survey was conducted with 62 olive growers in the region of Sfax in Tunisia. First, a diagnosis of the situation of the farms was undertaken comparing between organic and conventional farms. Second, an empirical analysis was achieved to asses the sustainability of organic farms versus conventional farms following the French “IDEA” method developed by Vilain [1] 1. The “IDEA” indicators showed a greater ranking for the organic farms. The analysis indicated the sustainability of organic farming on the three scales adopted; ecological scale, through the soil fertility and reduction of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Organic farming; Tunisia; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44463

Assessment of Urban Carrying Capacity.  A Case Study of Environmental and Institutional Implications for Water Resource Management in Hyderabad
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chennamaneni,   Ramesh; Rao,   Subba.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36945

Asymmetric Willingness-to-Pay Distributions for Livestock Manure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norwood,   F. Bailey; Luter,   Ryan L.; Massey,   Raymond E.
The Environmental Protection Agency's new Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO) regulations are forcing some farms to export livestock manure to off-farm acres. The regulation compliance cost depends on the willingness of neighboring crop producers to accept or pay for the manure. This study estimates a manure willingness-to-pay distribution for crop producers using a contingent valuation mail survey. A flexible parametric distribution is borrowed from the crop yield literature, which shows that manure willingness to pay is left-skewed. Most crop producers in our sample will pay a positive price close to the savings in commercial fertilizer, but approximately 25% require a payment before accepting manure.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Animal waste; Asymmetric distribution; Contingent valuation; Manure; Nonmarket valuation; Pollution; Willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30972

Atmospheric Pollution and Consumption Patterns in Spain: An Input-Output Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Serrano,   Monica; Roca,   Jordi.
This paper analyses the relationship between Spanish household consumption patterns and atmospheric pollutant emissions in 2000. Applying an input-output approach we estimate the relative responsibility of different types of households in the emissions of nine different atmospheric pollutants: the six greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs and PFCs) regulated by the Kyoto protocol and three other gases (SO2, NOx and NH3). We combine input-output tables, national consumer survey statistics and environmental pollution satellite accounts into an environmental extended input-output model. We also analyse the assumptions required in order to apply the model to available data. We find that there is a positive and very high relationship between the level of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Input-Output Analysis; Consumption Pattern; Atmospheric Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; C67; D12; Q53.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9090

ATTITUDES AND HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS INFLUENCING SOLID WASTE GENERATION: A HOUSEHOLD GARBAGE ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Epp,   Donald J.; Mauger,   Paul C.
A survey of household decision-makers and an analysis of their garbage was used to suggest factors affecting the weight of household contributions to municipal solid waste.  Iterative regression was used to build a model from the data that is hypothesized to explain garbage weight.  Food expenditure, environmental attitude, consumption of soft drinks in plastic bottles, and cats in the household were significant for all households.  Self-sufficiency and energy-conscious behavioral scales also affected the subgroup with female householders having an educational level of high school graduation or less.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28803

Attitudes to entry fees to national parks: results and policy implications from a Queensland case study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Clevo; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Examines visitor attitudes and whether visitors are willing to pay to enter Lamington National Park and under what circumstances they would do so. First a sample of visitors is asked a general (normative) question as to whether visitors should pay to visit Lamington National Park and in another question (positive) they are asked whether they would be more willing to pay if the money collected would be invested in the park to improve visitor facilities and for conservation work.  The results show that visitors are more willing to accept the ‘user-pays’ principle if the money will be used for the benefit of the national park and its visitors. It was found that foreigners are more in support for a ‘user-pay’ fee than Australians, and among Australians, those...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Entry fees; National parks; Overseas and Australian visitors; Attitudes to ‘user-pays’ principle; Lamington National Park; Policy implications; Conservation benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48960

Attribute processing in environmental choice analysis: implications for willingness to pay
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campbell,   Danny; Lorimer,   Victoria; Aravena,   Claudia; Hutchinson,   W. George.
Data from a discrete choice experiment is used to investigate the implications of failing to account for attribute processing strategies (APSs). The research was designed to elicit the economic benefits associated with landscape restoration activities that were intended to remediate environmental damage caused by illegal dumping activities. In this paper we accommodate APSs using an equality constrained latent class model. By retrieving the conditional class membership probabilities we recover estimates of the weights that each respondent assigned to each attribute, which we subsequently use ensure unnecessary weight is not allocated to attributes not attended to by respondents. Results from the analysis provide strong evidence that significant gains in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Attribute processing strategies; Environmental restoration; Equality constrained latent class model; Multinomial logit model; Willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91718

Auctioning Conservation Contracts and Evaluating the Risk Attitudes of Farmers: Economic Experiments in Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sasaki,   Hiroki; Fujie,   Takeshi; Kawasaki,   Kentaro; Inoue,   Norikazu; Koito,   Kentaro.
Agri-environmental programs in Japan have generally been promoted through the provision of fixed payments for certain environment-friendly farming and management practices. However, the auctioning of agrienvironmental contracts is a noteworthy alternative for the furtherance of such programs. Conservation auctions are used to enhance the cost-effectiveness of public expenses and have been employed in practice as well as tested in various pilot projects in some countries. This study uses an experimental economics method to factor the risk attitude of participants into a comparison of uniform price (UP) auctions and discriminatory price (DP) auctions. Although some studies have compared fixed payments, UP auctions, and DP auctions, the superiority or...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation auction; Experimental economics; Risk attitude; Environment-friendly farming; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109400

Auctioning Conservation Payments using Environmental Indices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cattaneo,   Andrea.
A framework for analyzing conservation programs that rank applications using environmental indices is presented. We derive the optimal bid from the farmer's perspective for both land retirement and working lands agri-environmental payment programs and we analyze how these solutions depend on program design parameters. The distinction is made between environmental objectives based on whether the farmer exercises control or not over the level proposed in a bid to participate in a program. The optimization model is solved analytically for two cases - a land retirement and a working lands program - highlighting the differences in the results. For land retirement programs we conclude that, for the cases considered, the exogenous environmental performance does...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental payments; Program design; Participation incentives; D8; H5; Q28; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25438

Auctioning Greenhouse Gas Emissions Permits in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Betz,   Regina; Seifert,   Stefan; Cramton,   Peter; Kerr,   Suzi.
Allocating permits based on individual historical emissions (‘grandfathering’), or industry benchmark data, is an important design aspect of an emissions trading scheme. Free permit allocation has proven complex and inefficient (particularly in the European Union) with distribution implications also politically difficult to justify. For these reasons, auctioning emissions permits has become more popular than allocating permits.   The European Union is now moving towards auctioning more than 50 per cent of all permits in 2013. In the US, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) has started with auctioning 100 per cent of permits. The Australian proposal for a Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) also provides for auctioning a significant share of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Greenhouse gases; Auctions; Emissions trading; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94878

Australasian environmental economics: contributions, conflicts and ‘cop-outs’
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Australian and New Zealand environmental economists have played a significant role in the development of concepts and their application across three fields within their subdiscipline: non-market valuation, institutional economics and bioeconomic modelling. These contributions have been spurred on by debates within and outside the discipline. Much of the controversy has centred on the validity of valuations generated through the application of stated preference methods such as contingent valuation. Suggestions to overcome some shortcomings in the work of environmental economists include the commissioning of a sequence of non-market valuation studies to fill existing gaps to improve the potential for benefit transfer.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic modelling; Institutional economics; Non-market valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118501

Australia Agriculture Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gilmour,   Brad; Gurung,   Rajendra Kumar.
Australia is a significant player in world trade for several commodities and agriculture is a vital part of the Australian economy.  Around 60% of Australia is devoted to agriculture, with three broad zones in which agricultural activity occurs. These are referred to as the pastoral, wheat–sheep, and high rainfall zones. Australia had only about 130,000 commercial farms in 2005, so average farm size is high.  Australia's agriculture is market driven and export-oriented. For some products, aggregations for values of production and for export values are not directly comparable because export values reflect the value of more highly processed products such as sugar and wine. Overall, about 65% of agricultural production is exported, representing about 25% of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Australia; Agricultural policy; Adjustment; Business risk management; Productivity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46669

AUSTRALIAN AGRICULTURE: A SUSTAINABILITY STORY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chisholm,   Anthony H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22477

Australian economic development and the environment: conflict or synergy?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bennett,   Jeffrey W.; Gillespie,   Robert; Dumsday,   Robert G.
The populist view of economic development and the environment is that advances in one will necessarily result in a decline in the other. Evidence in the Australian context is that the dual goals can be achieved simultaneously. As economic development progresses, the increasing levels of income stimulate greater demand for environmental improvements. The population engages in more environmentally focused consumption and calls for its governments to introduce more policies designed to rehabilitate and protect environmental assets. Concurrently, the increasing levels of wealth allow for increasing expenditure on research and development into production processes that generate greater productivity and less environmental damage. The Australian agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic development; Environmental protection; Agriculture; Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6040

Australian tree species selection in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McKenney,   Daniel W.
The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), through collaborative projects with the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia, and the Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), has been involved in tree species selection trials in southern China since 1984. The trials were aimed at identifying fast-growing species of Eucalyptus, Acacia and Casuarina. The Chinese have been planting Australian tree species for more than 100 years, but before the ACIAR project there had been little progress in determining which species and provenances would be best for the local climate and soils. This paper presents an assessment of the economic impact of research undertaken under two ACIAR-supported projects....
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: China; Australia; CSIRO; Tree; Eucalyptus; Casuarina; Acacia; Plantation; Forestry; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47500

Australian Tropical Reptile Species: Ecological Status, Public Valuation and Attitudes to their Conservation and Commercial Use
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
Five species of reptiles present in tropical Australia are considered in this study. These are the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata); the northern long-necked turtle (Chelodina rugosa); the taipan snake (Oxyuranus scutellatus); the freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnstoni); and the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus).  Background information is provided on the ecological status of each of these species and after outlining their human use (including commercial use) and management in Australia, an experimental survey method is introduced and results from its application are reported and analysed. The survey method involves two serial surveys of a sample of 204 Brisbane (Australia) residents. The first survey is based on the initial knowledge...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Valuation; Australia; Turtle; Saltwater and freshwater crocodiles; Snake; Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51408

Auswertung von Daten des Integrierten Verwaltungs- und Kontrollsystems zur Abschätzung von Wirkungen der EU-Agrarreform auf Umwelt und Landschaft
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Osterburg,   Bernhard; Nitsch,   Heike; Laggner,   Birgit; Roggendorf,   Wolfgang.
Zusammenfassung: Der vorliegende Arbeitsbericht entstand im Rahmen des F+E-Vorhabens „Naturschutzfachliche Bewertung der GAP - Effizienzsteigerung durch Nutzung bestehender Datenbestände“, das durch das Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit gefördert wurde. Ziel dieses Projektes war die Untersuchung flächenbezogener Auswirkungen der im Jahr 2003 beschlossenen EU-Agrarreform in Hinblick auf naturschutzrelevante Fragestellungen.                                                                                                                        Grundlage für quantitative Analysen bildeten die Daten des Integrierten Verwaltungs- und Kontrollsystems (InVeKoS), Fachkarten zu...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agrarreform; InVeKoS-Daten; Flächennutzung; Grünland; Naturschutz; Agricultural reform; IACS-data; Land use; Grassland; Nature conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q24; Q28; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104011

Auswirkungen der Novellierung des EEG auf die Wettbewerbskraft der Biogasproduktion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rauh,   Stefan.
Im Zuge des Ausbaus der Biomasseproduktion für energetische Zwecke wurden zuerst insbe-sondere stillgelegte Flächen herangezogen. Doch mittlerweile sind quasi keine freien Flächen mehr verfügbar und besonders regional kommt es zu Konkurrenzen zwischen der Nahrungs-mittel- und der Energieproduktion. Welcher Bereich die notwendigen Agrarrohstoffe für sich beanspruchen darf, entscheidet der Markt. Die Fläche als Ursprung der Agrarrohstoffe ge-winnt demnach an Wert, was die Entwicklung auf dem Pachtmarkt zeigt. Zur Abschätzung welches Produktionsverfahren die höchste Entlohnung dieser knappen Ressource verspricht, dient die Bodenrente, also der Betrag, der nach Abzug aller Kosten noch zur Verfügung steht. Die erneute Novellierung des EEG im Jahr 2008 hat zu...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wettbewerbskraft; Bodenrente; Sunk costs; Biogasproduktion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53252

Avaliação do cumprimento da reserva legal no Brasil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oliveira,   Samuel Jose de Magalhaes; Bacha,   Carlos Jose Caetano.
O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o cumprimento da reserva legal no Brasil, dando maior atenção ao que ocorreu na década de 1990. A reserva legal é uma porção da propriedade rural que não pode sofrer o corte raso, mas pode ser explorada comercialmente. Entende-se por cumprimento da reserva legal o respeito à proporção mínima da área total dos imóveis rurais coberta com reserva legal, a qual é fixada pela legislação. A reserva legal foi oficialmente instituída no Brasil em 1934 e sofreu, ao longo do tempo, modificações na dimensão e finalidade. Este trabalho evidencia essas mudanças ao longo do tempo e avalia os resultados que elas implicaram. Além disso, define e estima um modelo econométrico para determinar as variáveis que afetam a medida de...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Reserva legal; Obediência; Brasil; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56831

AVALIAÇÃO MULTICRITERIAL DOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS DA SUINOCULTURA NO DISTRITO FEDERAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gartner,   Ivan Ricardo; Gama,   Marcio Luiz da Silva.
In this work a multicriterial evaluation system to select the best alternative for swine waste treatment considering the social, economic and environmental conditions of Brazilian Federal District is presented. The environmental impacts were established and quantified through Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) and aggregated through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results show that the combination of RIAM and AHP methods in a single environmental impact assessment system is a useful tool in integrating the objectives of environmental quality improvement on decision making process.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Swine waste treatment; Multicriterial decision analysis; Rapid impact assessment matrix.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43978

Awareness of and Application to the Environmental Quality Incentives Program By Cow–Calf Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Obubuafo,   Joyce; Gillespie,   Jeffrey M.; Paudel,   Krishna P.; Kim,   Seon-Ae.
This study uses a bivariate probit model with partial observability to examine Louisiana beef producers’ awareness of the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and how awareness translates to application to the program. Results indicate that awareness of and application to the EQIP depend on portion of income derived from off-farm sources, extent of previous best management practice adoption at one’s own expense, household income, farmed land that is highly erodible, contact with Natural Resource Conservation Service and extension service personnel, and producer age.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: BMPs; Bivariate probit; EQIP; Probit; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45531

Awareness of EQIP and Subsequent Adoption of BMPs by Cattle Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Obubuafo,   Joyce; Gillespie,   Jeffrey M.; Kim,   Seon-Ae; Paudel,   Krishna P.
In summer, 2003, roughly half of Louisiana cattle producers had never heard of the Environmental Quality Incentives Program.  Those who had heard of it and had applied for funds were more diversified, larger, and had contact with Natural Resources and Conservation Service personnel within the past year.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35625

Awareness to Environmental Pollution in Turkey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cankurt,   Murat; Miran,   Bulent; Gunden,   Cihat; Sahin,   Ahmet.
The main purposes of the study were to clarify the conceptual reference of environmental awareness and to investigate the relationship between some individual, socio-economic factors and awareness to environmental issues. In addition, the factors that affect the environmental awareness were also determined. Face to face interviews were done with 975 individuals 25 cities were chosen throughout Turkey, which means at least 2 cities from each region. The models were estimated by the ordered logistic regression. Environmental awareness were evaluated from the standpoints of water, air and soil. Among the pollution categories, people were mostly aware of the pollution in air. In policies related to converting sensitivity to environment to action the Turkish...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6807

Az adók, díjak, járulékok externális hatásai környezetvédelmi szempontból
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sipos,   Nikoletta.
A közúti közlekedés káros hatásának csökkentése érdekében Magyarországon is bevezethető lenne az ún. „biciklipénz”, melyet a biciklivel, illetve gyalog munkába járó dolgozók adómentes juttatásként kapnának. Pozitív externális hatás a környezetszennyezés elkerülésén túl, az egészségi állapot javulásán keresztül a TB-kiadások csökkenése, a közlekedés ezen módja hely- és energiatakarékos is. A városi útdíj bevezetésével az önkormányzatok bevételi forrása nőne, a versenyképesség, a település élhetősége, környezete és közlekedése javulna. A gépjármű-biztosításra kivetett biztosítási adóval belföldön tarthatóvá válna az országban keletkezett jövedelem, valamint a gépjárműbalesetek miatt jelentkező egészségügyi költségeket (a munkába járás esetén is) a TB helyett...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Környezetvédelem; Adóztatás; Protection of the environment; Taxes; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92505

AZ AGRÁRGAZDASÁG FENNTARTHATÓSÁGÁNAK MIKRO- ÉS MAKROGAZDASÁGI DILEMMÁI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Takacs-Gyorgy,   Katalin; Takacs,   Emese; Takacs,   Istvan.
Sustainable development and environmental consciousness is getting more important. It is a requirement of human activity – i.e. agriculture – to use less artificial chemicals, to decrease environmental burden and to ensure the adequate food supply, by fitting the basic economic criteria. Those farming alternatives are shown in the paper that are based on different chemical use in plant production. It is investigated how the profitability will change when we make changes in former farming activity, and what should be changed to reach income turning to organic faming or precision farming. In developing countries the main question is to produce the essential food demand, but it is necessary to examine the existence of fundamental important factors, the costs...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Környezetterhelés csökkentés; Növénytermelés; Jövedelem előállító képesség; Reduction of environmental burden; Crop production; Profitability; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43321

Az éghajlatváltozás növekvő szerepe a közösségi szakpolitikákban, különös tekintettel a közös agrárpolitikára
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baksa,   Adrienn.
Az éghajlatváltozás globális hatásainak Európa is kiszolgáltatott. Így megnövekedett annak az igénye, hogy az Európai Unió adaptációs és mitigációs intézkedéseket építsen be szakpolitikáiba. Hosszabb távra azonban összehangolt és megfelelő pénzügyi háttérrel rendelkező EU-s klímastratégia szükséges. A megváltozó éghajlat kulcstényező az európai mezőgazdaság és vidék fejlődésében, ezért a közeljövő Közös Agrárpolitikáját (KAP) már ehhez javasolt igazítani.  A fenntartható termelést elősegítik a 2007–2013-as EU-s vidékfejlesztési intézkedések, melyek nagy része a mitigációt is ösztönzi. Ezért az EU további vidékfejlesztési többletforrásokat csoportosított az éghajlatváltozás okozta hatások mérséklésére és az adaptáció növelésére. Véleményem szerint az EU...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Éghajlatváltozás; EU; Klímapolitika; Közös agrárpolitika; Vidékfejlesztés; Climate change; EU; Climate policy; Common Agricultural Policy; Rural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99134

Az élelmezés-, energia- és környezetbiztonság összefüggései
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Popp,   Jozsef; Potori,   Norbert.
A 2006/2007. gazdasági évtől a legtöbb mezőgazdasági termék ára gyors emelkedésnek indult és rekordokat döntött. A FAO élelmiszerár-indexe 2006 januárja és 2008 januárja között több mint 60 százalékkal emelkedett. Árkilengések persze korábban is előfordultak, de a legutóbbi ársokkot azonban számos tényező együttesen idézte elő. Ezek felsorolásánál első helyen említhető a világ gabona- és olajosmagkészleteinek megcsappanása: a Föld élelmiszermérlege évtizedek óta nem mutatott ilyen szűkös tartalékokat. Ehhez egyértelműen hozzájárult a rövidlátó gazdaságpolitika is. Ugyanakkor a média hajlamos az élelmiszerárak ugrásszerű növekedését inkább a feltörekvő gazdaságok (pl. Kína és India) élelmiszer-fogyasztási szerkezete átalakulásának és a bioüzemanyag-gyártás...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Élelmiszerárak; Fogyasztási struktúra; Bioüzemanyag-gyártás; GM növények; Agrárpolitika; Food prices; Structure of consumption; Manufacture of bio-fuels; GM crops; Agricultural politics; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58897

Az élelmiszer-ipari vállalkozások környezeti teljesítménye és a pénzügyi eredmények
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deak,   Zsuzsanna; Hajdu,   Istvanne.
Kutatásunk célja fényt deríteni arra, hogy a vállalkozások környezeti teljesítménye befolyásolja-e pénzügyi teljesítményüket, továbbá az, hogy milyen szerepet játszik ebben a média, hogyan változott az elmúlt időszakban a vállalkozások zöld erőfeszítéseinek megítélése? Megállapítható, hogy azokban a vállalkozásokban, amelyekben a média és a befektetők környezeti teljesítményüket kedvezően ítélik meg, magasabbak a megtérülési (ROE) mutatók, mint azokban, amelyeknek környezeti teljesítményét nem ítélik meg pozitívan. A magyarországi társadalomban a nem anyagi értékek iránti érzékenység és a környezettudatosság alacsony szintű. A társadalmi értékrendben alárendelt szerepet játszó környezetvédelmi gondolkozásra – reklámérték híján – a média mérsékelten hat. Ez...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Környezet; Élelmiszeripar; Média; Imázs; Environmental; Food industry; Media; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119945

Az erdők éve 2011! – Nemzetközi összefogás az erdőkért
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Solymos,   Rezso.
„Kísértet járja be Európát és Észak-Amerikát: az erdőpusztulás kísértete.” Ezzel a drámai hangvételű mondattal kezdődik a World Resources 1986. évi kötetének erdőkkel foglalkozó része, ami a 70-es években kezdődött nagyarányú erdőpusztulás világméretű „jajkiáltása” volt, melynek visszhangja: „Mentsétek meg a Föld erdeit – amíg nem késő, amíg van mit megmenteni és megőrizni!” Nemzetközi tudományos, világméretű társadalmi fórumok témájává vált az erdő. Az emberiség egyre jobban ráébredt arra, hogy az erdő az emberiség létfeltételeinek elengedhetetlen része. Ebben nagy jelentősége volt a Római Club állásfoglalásának a növekedés határairól. A Stockholmban rendezett első környezetvédelmi világértekezlet, majd a Brundtland Bizottság közös jövőnkről készített...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Fenntarthatóság; Érték; Forest Principle; Sustainabiltiy; Value; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119895

AZ ÖKOMARKETING SZEREPE, JELENTŐSÉGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szolnoki-Karkus,   Maria.
Az ökomarketing az elmúlt évek alatt jelentősen megváltozott. Kezdetben a környezetbarát termékek marketingjét értették alatta, majd a vállalati stratégia elemévé vált.  Az utóbbi évek eredménye az „integratív” ökomarketing, amely a vállalat olyan magatartását jelenti, amikor a vállalat a vevők jólétének, egészségének biz-tosításán túl alkalmazottaival, a társadalommal szemben is felelősséget vállal. A „fenntartható marketing” a fenntartható fejlődési stratégiák vállalati meg-valósítására koncentrál. Egyes ágazatok, vállalatok környezeti érintettsége eltérő. A minősítéshez az adott tevékenység környezeti hatásainak mérésére, és annak ismeretére van szükség, hogy a jelentkező környezeti problémák megoldását ki vállalja föl, és milyen erős az...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Interaktív öko-marketing; Vállalati magatartás; Környezeti problémák kezelése - interactive - ecomarketing; Organizational behaviuor; Management of environmental problems; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54304

AZ ÖNTÖZÉS SZEREPE, JELENTŐSÉGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helyes,   Lajos.
Az öntözés egyik alapvető célja, hogy javítsa az egyre növekvő népesség élel-miszerrel való ellátását. A világon jelenleg a szántóterület 17%-át öntözik, vi-szont ez a felület adja az évenként betakarítható össztermés valamivel több mint 40%-át. Hazánkban a vízjogi engedéllyel rendelkező öntözésre berendezett terü-letünk 210 ezer hektár, ami a szántóterület közel 5%-a, de a ténylegesen öntözött terület évjárattól függően ennek kb. a fele. Az Európai Unióban átlagosan a szántóterület 13,5%-a tekinthető öntözöttnek. Az elkövetkező évek alapvető fejlesztési feladata a már meglévő öntözőrend-szerek felújítása és bővítése. A szántóföldi növények közül a kukorica, a napra-forgó, a cukorrépa és a burgonya öntözése indokolt. Az öntözött területek ará-nyának...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Klímatikus változások; Termésveszteség megelőzés; Öntözési háttér rekonstrukció szükségessége - climate change; Prevention of yield loss; Necessity of reconstruction of irrigation equipments; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54337

Az öntözéses gazdálkodásról a Tisza-tó és a nagykunsági öntözőrendszert ellátó főcsatorna átadásának 30. évfordulóján
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lengyel,   Lajos.
Az öntözés mint agrotechnikai tényező a mezőgazdasági termelés intenzifi kálásának egyik eszköze és lehetősége. Bevezetése többletberuházással, nagyobb ráfordításokkal oldható meg. Öntözéssel a természetes csapadékellátás ingadozásai csökkenthetők, a termelés biztonsága és a hozamok növelhetők. Alkalmazását az üzemi feltételek és célok mellett makrogazdasági és klimatikus hatások is indokolják. Az elmúlt fél évszázad hazai öntözésfejlesztésében a Tiszalöki, a Kiskörei Vízlépcső és Öntözőrendszerei tervezése, kivitelezése és működtetése napjainkban is sok hasznosítható tanulsággal és tapasztalattal szolgál, mint például a komplex szemléletű térségi, üzemi vízgazdálkodás és öntözésfejlesztés, az állami beavatkozás a tervek összehangolásától az üzemi...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Öntözéses gazdálkodás; Öntözésfejlesztés; Klímaváltozás; Komplex szemlélet; Támogatások; Irrigation; Irrigated farming; Development of irrigation; Climate change; Holistic view; Subsidies; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58604

Balanced Scorecard em uma Propriedade Pecuária
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brisolara,   Claudio Silveira.
A crescente exposição das empresas agropecuárias aos riscos do ambiente externo, que se somam aos riscos climáticos e biológicos, tem suscitado a utilização de novos sistemas de gerenciamento nas empresas rurais. A premência da modernização das técnicas de gestão, por meio da utilização ferramentas simples e efetivas de controle e planejamento dos empreendimentos, foi a motivação principal desse estudo. Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa exploratória, por meio de um estudo de caso, visando propor um sistema gerencial para uma propriedade dedicada à bovinocultura de corte no Rio Grande do Sul, a partir do referencial metodológico do Balanced Scorecard – BSC. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que há viabilidade de adaptação do BSC às empresas pecuárias, tendo...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Balanced Scorecard; Bovinos de corte; Administração Rural; Balanced Scorecard; Beef cattle; Farm management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102555

BALANCING POLICY FOR ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bromley,   Daniel W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17473

BALANCING PRODUCTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INCENTIVE PROGRAM (EQIP)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doering,   Otto C., III.
A concern with productivity has to be tempered with our history of declining real prices for agricultural commodities which signal to some degree a certain amount of excess capacity in agriculture in the United States.  Thus, environmental concerns today may logically outweigh productivity concerns.  Conservation Programs that preceded the present EQIP program, such as the ACP, often had a productivity component that also was designed to help redistribute income to farmers.  In terms of productivity, this may have been as direct as subsidizing the application of lime or the installation of drainage.  It may have been more indirect, such as improving damaged lands that could then be returned to production.  In any case, some portion of conservation programs...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20866

BALANCING TRADE-OFFS IN THE PROVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS IN THE SNOWY RIVER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crean,   Jason; Davenport,   Scott V.
The NSW, Victorian and Commonwealth Governments are in the process of corporatising the Snowy Mountains Hydro-electric Scheme. As part of this process a water inquiry was established to assist in the determination of the environmental operating conditions of the new business, Snowy Hydro Ltd. The Inquiry’s principal task was to examine the range of environmental issues arising from the current pattern of water flows caused by the Scheme and to develop a comprehensive range of costed options to address these issues. Central to the Inquiry’s deliberations is the re-allocation of water from irrigated agriculture and electricity generation to the Snowy River catchment. This paper focuses on trade-off issues associated with such a re-allocation and the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental flows; Environmental trade-offs; Resource allocation.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123798

Bang for the Buck: Cost-Effective Control of Invasive Species with Different Life Histories
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buhle,   Eric; Margolis,   Michael; Ruesink,   Jennifer L.
Strategies for controlling invasive species can be aimed at any or all of the stages in the life cycle. In this paper we show how to combine biological data on population dynamics with simple economic data on control cost options to determine the least costly set of strategies that will halt an invasion. We then apply our methods to oyster drills (Ocinebrellus inornatus), an economically important aquaculture pest that has been accidentally introduced worldwide. If the costs of intervention were the same across life stages, extermination of adults would be an inefficient way to control species with the population dynamics characteristics of invaders. In the oyster drill case, however, efficient control targets adults because they are much easier to find.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Bioeconomics; Control strategies; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q2; Q22.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10793

Bangladesh's Performance and the Millennium Development Goals: A Sketch of Progress
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Provides a sketch of Bangladesh’s socio-economic performance in the light of the UN’s Millennium Development Goals.  After providing some background on these goals and on Bangladesh, this article considers trends in the incidence of poverty and hunger in Bangladesh, access to education and gender equality in Bangladesh, child mortality and maternal health, the incidence of important diseases in Bangladesh and Bangladesh’s progress in achieving environmental sustainability, particularly in relation to its use and development of its energy resources.  In addition, Bangladesh’s involvement in global partnerships providing financial and other assistance to it are considered.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Millennium Development Goals; Bangladesh; Poverty; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123454

Banking on "Green Money": Are Environmental Financial Responsibility Rules Fulfilling Their Promise?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyd,   James.
Financial responsibility rules are an increasingly common form of environmental regulation. Currently, the operators of landfills, underground petroleum storage tanks, offshore rigs, and oil tankers must demonstrate the existence of adequate levels of capital as a precondition to the legal operation of their businesses. Environmental financial responsibility ensures that firms possess the resources to compensate society for pollution costs created in the course of business operations. In addition to providing a source of funds for victim compensation and pollution remediation, financial responsibility is thought to motivate better decision-making, particularly regarding the management of long-term risks. This article describes both the promise of financial...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial responsibility; Environmental liability; Waste disposal; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; L51; K32.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10592

Banking Permits: Economic Efficiency and Distributional Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Massetti,   Emanuele.
Most analyses of the Kyoto flexibility mechanisms focus on the cost effectiveness of “where” flexibility (e.g. by showing that mitigation costs are lower in a global permit market than in regional markets or in permit markets confined to Annex 1 countries). Less attention has been devoted to “when” flexibility, i.e. to the benefits of allowing emission permit traders to bank their permits for future use. In the model presented in this paper, banking of carbon allowances in a global permit market is fully endogenised, i.e. agents may decide to bank permits by taking into account their present and future needs and the present and future decisions of all the other agents. It is therefore possible to identify under what conditions traders find it optimal to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emission Trading; Banking; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C72; H23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6362

Bankruptcy Risk and Imperfectly Enforced Emissions Taxes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.; Zhang,   Wei.
Under favorable but reasonable conditions, an imperfectly enforced emissions tax produces the efficient allocation of individual emissions control; aggregate emissions are independent of whether enforcement of the tax is sufficient to induce the full compliance of firms, and differences in individual violations are independent of firm-level differences. All of these desirable characteristics disappear when some firms under an emissions tax risk bankruptcy—the allocation of emissions control is inefficient, imperfect enforcement causes higher aggregate emissions, and financially insecure firms choose higher violations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bankruptcy; Emissions Taxes; Limited Liability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; L51; Q28; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42127

Bankruptcy Risk and the Performance of Tradable Permit Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.; Zhang,   Wei.
We study the impact of bankruptcy risk on markets for tradable environmental and natural resource permits. We find that firms that risk bankruptcy demand more permits than if they were financially secure. Consequently, bankruptcy risk in a competitive market for tradable property rights causes an inefficient distribution of individual choices among regulated firms. Moreover, the equilibrium distribution of permits is not independent of the initial distribution of permits. In fact, the inefficiency that is associated with bankruptcy risk is mitigated if financially insecure firms are given a larger share of the initial allocation of permits.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bankruptcy; Tradable permits; Permit markets; Environmental Economics and Policy; L51; Q28; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7384

Barriers to and Opportunities for Increasing Participation in Conservation Auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Whitten,   Stuart M.; Reeson,   Andrew; Windle,   Jill; Rolfe,   John.
Participation is a relative concept. Too much implies high costs of administration and many losers in a competitive process. Too little implies relatively few gains from trade are accessed. Thus the aim is to optimise rather than maximise participation. In this paper we outline some rules of thumb for setting participation targets and develop a framework for identifying barriers to achieving targets. We use the framework to evaluate six case study tenders covering a variety of land management objectives. These case studies provided pragmatic on-ground lessons in managing participation in real tender applications and resulted in several further lessons for participation management in tender design.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5973

Baseline Determination at Government Discretion: Multi-Project Baselines for the First Track of Joint Implementation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Schmitz,   Simon.
The "first track" of Joint Implementation under the Kyoto Protocol gives host and investor countries total freedom in choosing a baseline for a project reducing or sequestering greenhouse gases. This is due to the fact that an overly generous granting of emission credits leads to a corresponding reduction of the host country's emission budget. Standardised, multi-project baselines can reduce transaction costs, especially in relatively homogeneous sectors such as electricity production or landfill methane collection. Host countries need capacity to calculate such baselines which currently does not exist. "Boundary organisations" can bridge the gap between technical analysis and strategic considerations. Interviews with government officials and other...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Joint Implementation; Baselines; Institutions; Host countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26173

Bayesian Learning and the Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhang,   Jiangfeng.
We study the importance of anticipated learning - about both environmental damages and abatement costs - in determining the level and the method of controlling greenhouse gas emissions. We also compare active learning, passive learning, and parameter uncertainty without learning. Current beliefs about damages and abatement costs have an important effect on the optimal level of emissions, However, the optimal level of emissions is not sensitive either to the possibility of learning about damages. or to the type of learning (active or passive), Taxes dominate quotas, but by a small margin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Uncertainty; Bayesian learning; Asymmetric information; Choice of instruments; Dynamic optimization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Cll; C6l; D8; H2l; Q28.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6214

Bayesian Model Averaging in the Context of Spatial Hedonic Pricing: An Application to Farmland Values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotteleer,   Geerte; Stobbe,   Tracy; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Since 1973, British Columbia created an Agricultural Land Reserve to protect farmland from development. In this study, we employ GIS-based hedonic pricing models of farmland values to examine factors that affect farmland prices. We take spatial lag and error dependence into explicit account. However, the use of spatial econometric techniques in hedonic pricing models is problematic because there is uncertainty with respect to the choice of the explanatory variables and the spatial weighting matrix. Bayesian model averaging techniques in combination with Markov Chain Monte Carlo Model Composition are used to allow for both types of model uncertainty.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bayesian model averaging; Markov Chain Monte Carlo Model Composition; Spatial econometrics; Hedonic pricing; GIS; Urban-rural fringe; Farmland fragmentation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; R11; R15; C50; R14.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37046

Beach Quality and Recreational Values: A Pictorialized Stated Preference Analysis of Residents and Tourists
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Penn,   Jerrod; Hu,   Wuyang; Cox,   Linda J.; Kozloff,   Lara.
Much of Hawaii’s economy relies on its unique marine environments, which are threatened by degradation from stormwater runoff. Using a stated preference method of choice-based conjoint (CBC) analysis, based on stylized photographs, this study examines both residents’ and visitors’ marginal value for levels of attributes associated with Hawaiian beach recreation. Each attribute (sand quality, water quality, congestion and water safety conditions) was significant for both residents and tourists, with water quality being the single most important attribute. There is little distinction between resident and tourist marginal value, except for a greater value lost for below average water quality among tourists.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nonmarket Valuation; WTP; Beach; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119813

BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE REDUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Luttrell,   Melissa.
Industrial waste reduction provides an opportunity to improve environmental quality while reducing industrial costs.  Significant evidence exists that firms can realize economic benefits while practicing waste reduction techniques, yet opportunities are being missed by firms due to internal conflict and entropy.  By studying the behavior of individuals within firms, firms and government agencies are more likely to affect a change toward increased waste reduction.   Traditional microeconomic theory asserts that costs are minimized by firms.  Yet as much evidence as there exists that waste reduction is cost effective, large scale waste reduction has not occurred within the private sector.  Firms do not maximize profits and minimize costs because of intrafirm...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10988

BEHAVIOURS OF CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. Analysis based on New (and not so new) Institutional Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article draws mostly (but not entirely) on new institutional economics to consider the likely behaviours of non-government conservation organizations and the implications of these behaviours for biodiversity conservation. It considers how institutional factors may result in behaviour of conservation NGOs diverging from their objectives, including their support for biodiversity conservation; examines aspects of rent capture and conservation alliances; specifies social factors that may restrict the diversity of species supported by NGOs for conservation; considers bounded rationality in relation to the operation of conservation NGOs; and using game theory, shows how competition between NGOs for funding can result in economic inefficiencies and narrow...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Biodiversity conservation; Bounded rationality; Civil society; Common Agricultural Policy; European Union; Landcare; Mixed goods; New institutional economics; New Zealand; NGOs; Principal-and-agent problem; Political acceptability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Q00; Q2; Q5; Q57; Z13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6185

Benefit Estimation of Water Quality Improvements in Bagmati River Using Choice Modeling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Katuwal,   Hari; Bohara,   Alok K.; Thacher,   Jennifer A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61775

Benefit Transfer as Preference Calibration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   V. Kerry; van Houtven,   George; Pattanayak,   Subhrendu K.
This paper proposes and illustrates the use of a new approach to benefit transfer for the non-market valuation of environmental resources. It treats transfer as an identification problem that requires assessing whether available benefit estimates permit the parameters of a preference function to be identified. The transfer method proposed uses these identifying restrictions to calibrate preference parameters and bases the benefit estimates on that preference function. The approach is illustrated using travel cost, hedonic and contingent valuation estimates, as well as combinations of estimates. It has three potential advantages over conventional practice: (1) it allows multiple, potentially overlapping estimates of the benefits of an improvement in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit transfer; Calibration; Non-market valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; Q20; H40.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10607

Benefit Transfer: Choice Experiment Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Geoffrey N.; Sharp,   Basil M.H.
Benefit transfer entails using estimates of non-market values derived at one site as approximations to benefits at other sites. The method finds favour because it can be applied quickly and cheaply, however the validity of benefit transfer is frequently questioned. Published studies generally indicate that errors from the approach can be extremely large and could result in significant resource misallocations. Assessing the validity of benefit transfer is complicated by differences in the nature of study and policy sites, the changes being valued, valuation methods, time of study, availability of substitutes and complements, and demographic, social and cultural differences. A choice experiment was used to evaluate the transferability of benefit estimates...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice model; Choice experiment; Benefit transfer; Mitigation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97774

Benefit Transfer – The Quick, the Dirty, and the Ugly?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ready,   Richard C.; Navrud,   Stale.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93504

Benefit-Cost Analysis and Socio-Economic Considerations of Trypanosomiasis Control and Treatment in Northern Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wahab,   S.; Asuming-Brempong,   Samuel.
The paper estimates the cost of tsetse control and treatment of trypanosomiasis and the benefits involved, using benefit-cost analysis. It also estimates the extent to which socio-economic characteristics of farmers affect the use of tsetse control techniques, using a maximum Likelihood-Binary Logit model. The results show that farmers will benefit if they invest in control and treatment of the disease. We find that the farmer accepting the challenge that the tsetse fly is a threat to cattle production, the number of dependants the farmer has, and the farmer agreeing that the bite of the tsetse fly causes the nagana disease are significant factors that affect adoption of control practices including the use of prescribed drugs. Our findings suggest that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52878

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS IN U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY DECISIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Easter,   K. William; Archibald,   Sandra O.
As the number and cost of environmental regulations have increased over the last thirty years, the regulated community, taxpayers, and policy makers have begun to demand that the benefits of regulations justify their costs.  The use of benefit-cost analysis as an integral part of developing new regulations is increasing and the demands and expectations being placed on the method have expanded. Although benefit-cost analysis is expected to play an even greater role in environmental decision making in the years ahead, questions remain concerning whether benefit-cost analysis can meet these expectations. This paper explores the role of benefit-cost analysis in US public investment and environmental decision making and examines how benefit-cost methods are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14475

Benefit-Cost Analysis of Biodiesel Production in Korea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Sang-Min; Han,   Hye-Sung.
The purpose of this study is to take a close look at Korea‘s biodiesel developing trends and assess economic feasibility based on benefit-cost analysis. This study finally presents directions to actively promote the biodiesel in Korea.  The role of bio-energy is significantly emphasized due to the continuous rise in oil price and environmental problems. According to some researches that have considered various factors such as breed, productivity, production costs and levels of technology, the most feasible bio-ingredients are rape and barley. By means of the benefit-cost analysis, rape has positive values in the net profits when considered with indirect benefits. Also, it is estimated that rape is feasible when produced in place of barley for...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Biodiesel; Cost-benefit analysis; Korea; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45683

Benefit-costs analysis of climate-related agricultural investments in Africa: a case study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Branca,   Giacomo; Lipper,   Leslie; Sorrentino,   Alessandro.
Paper removed at the request of the first (corresponding) author.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Adaptation; Mitigation; Benefit-cost analysis; Externalities; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; D62; H54; O13; Q55.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124109

BENEFITS OF CONTROLLING SALINE WATER IN COLORADO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ellingson,   Lindsey; Houk,   Eric E.; Schuck,   Eric C.; Frasier,   W. Marshall.
The Arkansas River in Colorado is confronted with a salinity issue; the majority of this salinity problem is due to agricultural runoff caused by irrigation.  Reducing applications of irrigation water through adoption of more technically efficient irrigation systems is one means of improving water quality in the Arkansas River basin.  This research uses positive mathematical programming to model the cropping practices of the farms along the Arkansas River.  It examines the affect of acreage and profit levels of these farms given the choice of changing their irrigation technologies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36280

Best Management Practices: How Economical is it in Southern Agricultural Systems?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matekole,   Augustus N.; Westra,   John V.; Appelboom,   Timothy W.
Conventional drainage systems tend to aggravate runoff and nutrient leaching problems on farms especially during the off-season. This study uses a biophysical economic model to identify, evaluate and determine multifunctional benefits of implementing and establishing nitrogen rate fertilizer application and conservation tillage practices as best management practices (BMPs) in the lower Mississippi River Basin (MRB). Simulation results showed that agricultural producers generally preferred no tillage to conventional tillage in reducing nutrient runoffs from fields because of higher net revenue per acre. Finally, given nitrogen runoff restrictions, farmers reduced crop acreage and nitrogen fertilizer application rates to help minimize losses.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biopysical economic model; Tillage practices; Nitrogen fertilizer application rates; MRB; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46757

Better Management of Wool Business and Native Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moll,   Jim; Crosthwaite,   Jim; Dorrough,   Josh.
Better ways of managing native biodiversity and farm business are examined on selected wool properties across the Central Victoria region in Australia, using the Ararat Hills as a case study. Future management options are being developed in close collaboration with each producer in order to enhance native biodiversity while maintaining or improving farm profitability. Detailed vegetation surveys have been carried out on each property, and a set of management options developed that are consistent with regional conservation priorities. The options involve various levels of capital expenditure and outlay of time and resources. The challenge of the project is to come up with solutions that help offset this outlay of resources and minimise the costs involved....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24370

Better Targeting, Better Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   LeRoy T.; Hellerstein,   Daniel.
A multitude of design decisions influence the performance of voluntary conservation programs. This Economic Brief is one of a set of five exploring the implications of decisions policymakers and program managers must make about who is eligible to receive payments, how much can be received, for what action, and the means by which applicants are selected. The particular issue addressed here is options for targeting program payments to where they can yield the greatest gain.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34099

Between Estimates of the Environmental Kuznets Curve
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stern,   David I.
Acknowledgements: Elbert Dijkgraaf for providing the data used in their paper.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Sulfur; Environmental Kuznets curve; Between estimator; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C23; Q53; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94883

Beurteilung von Agrarumweltprogrammen - eine einzelbetriebliche Analyse in Baden-Württemberg und Nordbrandenburg
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baudoux,   Patrick.
Under the condition of significant changes in the framework of EU Agricultural Policy Agro-Environmental Programmes are evaluated in this paper. The MEKA-Programme of Baden-Württemberg and the KULAP-Programme of Brandenburg, both measures under the EU-Regulation VO (EWG) 2078/92 of 1992, are analysed using farm level Linear Programming models. One of the most important results is that both, the MEKA- and the KULAP-Program, have positive environmental effects. In addition they are also responsible for significant transfer payments which under unfavourable production conditions can reach up to 40 % of the farm level gross margins. Farm structure, indicated by production conditions, crops and major production areas, is responsible for the application to the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agro-Environmental Policy; Agro-Environmental Programmes; Baden-Württemberg; Brandenburg; MEKA; KULAP; Linear Programming; Environmental Protection; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98887

Bewertung nicht-marktfähiger Leistungen der Landwirtschaft – eine Herausforderung für die Forschung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holm-Muller,   Karin.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98079

Bewertung von Landschaftsfunktionen mit Choice Experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Kim; Schmitz,   P. Michael; Wronka,   Tobias C.
The first application of choice experiments as an environmental valuation method in Germany clearly demonstrates the potential of this method for the valuation of agriculture's multifunctionality. Choice experiments are a reasonable enhancement of the conjoint analysis as they are capable of calculating the theoretically correct welfare measures in the form of implicit prices. In combination with business and ecological models this allows for the comprehensive valuation of agriculture's multifunctionality in the sense, that in addition to the supply or cost side of land use scenarios the demand or benefit side is accounted for. In this study the integrated ecological and economical valuation of land use scenarios was demonstrated for two different...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Choice experiments; Environmental valuation; Multifunctional agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98082

Beyond Copenhagen: A Realistic Climate Policy in a Fragmented World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carraro,   Carlo; Massetti,   Emanuele.
We propose a realistic approach to climate policy based on the Copenhagen Agreement to reduce Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions. We assess by how much the non-binding, although official, commitments to reduce emissions made in Copenhagen will affect the level of world GHGs emissions in 2020. Our estimates are based on official communications to the UNFCCC, on historic data and on the Business-as-Usual scenario of the WITCH model. We are not interested in estimating the gap between the expected level of emissions and what would be needed to achieve the 2°C target. Nor do we attempt to calculate the 2100 temperature level implied by the Copenhagen pledges. We believe these two exercises are subject to high uncertainty and would not improve the current state...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kyoto Protocol; International Climate Agreements; Climate Policy; Clean  Development Mechanism; Environmental Economics and Policy; F5; Q01; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98094

Beyond Economic Instruments - Social Capital, Governance and Rural Institutional Innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murray,   Catherine.
Economic instruments, or market based instruments try to bring market advantages to social dilemma situations, where private actions do not lead to socially optimal outcomes. Economic instruments try to redress such market failure. They try to create incentives for firms and individuals to act in the public interest. Such situations can be regarded as ‘social dilemma’. An alternative mechanism to solve social dilemma is to use cooperation amongst individuals, by facilitating and utilising social capital. The use of social capital is remains largely underexplored as a policy option, although this trend is changing, most notably in European rural development. Using evidence from research conducted on agricultural and rural institutions in central and Eastern...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Social capital; Institutions; Governance; Central and eastern Europe; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96662

Beyond Optimal Linear Tax Mechanisms: An Experimental Examination of Damage-Based Ambient Taxes for Nonpoint Polluters
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suter,   Jordan F.; Poe,   Gregory L.; Vossler,   Christian A.
The regulation of nonpoint source water pollution from agriculture is a complex problem characterized by a multiplicity of polluters, informational asymmetries, complex fate and transport processes, and stochastic environmental factors.  Taken together, these characteristics make regulatory policy based on individual firm emissions prohibitively costly.  To circumvent this issue, economists, beginning with the seminal work of Segerson (1988), have devised economic incentive instruments that assign liabilities based on deviations between the observed ambient water quality level and a specified pollution threshold (Xepapadeas 1991; Horan, Shortle and Abler 1998, 2002; Hansen 1998, 2002).     In the special case of a linear damage function, the regulator can...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19411

Beyond the Biosecurity Horizon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cook,   David C.; Fraser,   Rob W.; Wilby,   A.; Waage,   J.K.; Mumford,   John D.
The dynamic process of market globalisation dictates that biological, technological and institutional changes have the capacity to alter the way in which future biosecurity policies are formulated and endorsed. This paper proposes a method of carrying out biosecurity risk profiling for the United Kingdom by comparing agricultural pest incursions under present circumstances with those under future conditions. Changing economic, environmental, social and political climates are set to alter the circumstances of future pest and disease incursions. With this in mind, this paper suggests a means of identifying responsible biosecurity risk management strategies for an uncertain future.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58397

Beyond the ‘Double Dividend’:  Modelling the impacts of deep cuts in Australian greenhouse gas emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hatfield-Dodds,   Steve; Adams,   Philip D.
Australian economic modelling of policy options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has to date given little attention to (i) crafting policy scenarios that use emissions revenues to target significant existing tax distortions, (ii) quantifying the effects of policy on the price and affordability of energy products, and (iii) communicating policy impacts on living standards relative to current levels, as well as relative to future levels in the reference case. Building on modelling undertaken for the Australian Business Roundtable on Climate Change -– which found that real consumption and income continue to grow strongly with emission reductions -– we find that smart tax reform could significantly reduce the economic impact of emissions reductions,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse policy; Double dividend; Equity; Adaptive governance; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10381

BEYOND THE GREEN BOX: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14417

Beyond Water-Quality Regulations for CAFOs? Manure Management Costs to Meet Air-Quality Objectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aillery,   Marcel P.; Gollehon,   Noel R.
Federal policy on manure management has focused on water-quality protection.  However, animal agriculture is an important source of ammonia-nitrogen and other air emissions, increasing attention on air-quality concerns.  Policies to address air emissions would influence both the costs of meeting water-quality objectives and environmental tradeoffs.  We consider hypothetical policies at a regional level.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Manure management; Confined animals; Water quality; Air quality; Regional optimization; Chesapeake Bay; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19208

Bidding behavior in environmental contract auctions with incomplete monitoring
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Romstad,   Eirik; Alfnes,   Frode.
It is well known from the compliance literature that whenever it costly to monitor agents' compliance to contract terms, compliance is likely to be incomplete. This paper goes one step further by examining the implications of incomplete monitoring on agent's sales offers in auctions for environmental contracts. From a monitoring perspective we show allocation contracts to least cost also produces another gain – that less resources need to be spend on monitoring and enforcement. To get full use of this insight one needs to have auction procedures that provide incentives for truthful revelation of agents' private alternate incomes. Our second result is that the incentives for truthful revelation is lost when monitoring is incomplete unless the expected value...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental contract auctions; Monitoring and compliance; Truthful revelation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115985

Bi-Directional Links Between Population Growth and the Environment: Evidence From India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattacharya,   Haimanti; Innes,   Robert.
This paper presents an empirical study of population growth and environmental change using cross-sectional district-level data from South, Central and West India.  Environmental change is measured using a satellite-based "greenness" index.  Unlike prior work, the analysis treats population and environmental change as jointly determined, distinguishes between rural and urban populations, and identifies distinct roles of fertility and migration.  Among key findings are that population and "greenness" are jointly endogenous; increased rural fertility leads to environmental decline, which in turn prompts increased fertility; environmental scarcity spurs out-migration and environmental improvement; and increased urban fertility may lead to increased...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19404

Bigger is Better: Avoided Deforestation Offsets in the Face of Adverse Selection
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Benthem,   Arthur A.; Kerr,   Suzi.
Voluntary opt-in programs to reduce emissions in unregulated sectors or countries have spurred considerable discussion. Since any regulator will make errors in predicting baselines and participants will self-select into the program, adverse selection will reduce efficiency and possibly environmental integrity. In contrast, pure subsidies lead to full participation but require large financial transfers. We present a simple model to analyze this trade-off between adverse selection and infra-marginal transfers. We find that increasing the scale of voluntary programs both improves efficiency and reduces transfers. We show that discounting (paying less than full value for offsets) is inefficient and cannot be used to reduce the fraction of offsets that are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Deforestation; Offsets; Adverse selection; REDD; Climate change policy; Opt-in.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100569

Biodiversity Conservation through Public Management in Cultural Landscapes: Integrating Economic and Ecological Evaluation of Species by Shadow Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nuppenau,   Ernst-August.
The paper deals with the problem of finding relative values for species in the case of biodiversity conservation in a cultural landscape. We use the concept of shadow prices to derive flexible functional forms that allow us to conduct an interactive and internal valuation process. The paper is organized such as that (1) the theory of shadow price derivation is presented in a framework of programming. (2) We obtain quadratic objective functions for participant in the valuation process. (3) Quasi demand and supply functions are derived from which we can simulate a market. (5) The special role of ecologists as experts and potential managers of a landscape is ad-dressed and (6), or finally, a balanced solution on values, value oriented management, and species...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Valuation; Cultural landscape; Species composition and nature provision by farms; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43608

Bioeconomic Analysis of Aquaculture's Impact on Wild Stocks and Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Anderson theorizes that development of the aquaculture of a species of fish (also captured in an open-access fishery) favours the conservation of its wild stocks, if competitive market conditions prevail. However, this theory is shown to be subject to significant limitations. While this is less so within his model, it is particularly so in an extended one outlined here. The extended model allows for the possibility that aquaculture development can impact negatively on wild stocks thereby shifting the supply curve of the capture fishery, or raise the demand for the fish species subject both to aquaculture and capture. Such development can threaten wild stocks and their biodiversity. While aquaculture development could in principle have no impact on the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture development; Aquatic conservation; Biodiversity; Common-property; Fish farming; Open-access fishery; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48739

Bio-economic evaluation of pasture-cropping, a novel system of integrating perennial pastures and crops on crop-livestock farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Finlayson,   John D.; Lawes,   Roger A.; Metcalf,   Tess; Robertson,   Michael J.; Ewing,   Michael A.
Pasture-cropping is a novel approach to increase the area of perennial crops in mixed sheep and cropping systems. It involves planting annual cereals directly into a living perennial pasture. There is interest in subtropical grasses as they are winter dormant and their growth profile is potentially well suited to pasture-cropping. However, a wide range of factors can affect the uptake of such systems. This paper assesses the relative importance of factors that can influence decisions to introduce pasture-cropping. In this paper the research question is: what factors predispose a farm to take up a new technology such as (1) subtropical grass and (2) subtropical grass that is pasture-cropped. The analysis uses the MIDAS model of a central wheatbelt farm in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59074

Bioeconomic meta-modelling of Indonesian agroforests as carbon sinks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wise,   Russell M.; Cacho,   Oscar J.
In many areas of developing countries, economic and institutional factors often combine to give farmers incentives to clear forests and repeatedly plant food crops without sufficiently replenishing the soils. These activities lead to large-scale land degradation and contribute to global warming through the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. We investigate whether agroforestry systems might alleviate these trends when carbon-credit payments are available under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol. A meta-modelling framework is adopted, comprising an econometric-production model of a smallholding in Sumatra. The model is used within a dynamic-programming algorithm to determine optimal combinations of tree/crop area,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bio-economic meta-modelling; Indonesia; Agroforestry; Carbon credits; Dynamic programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6772

Bioeconomic modeling of wetlands and waterfowl in Western Canada: Accounting for amenity values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Withey,   Patrick; Wong,   Linda.
This study extends an original bioeconomic model of optimal duck harvest and wetland retention by bringing in amenity values related to the nonmarket (in situ) benefits of waterfowl plsi the ecosystem values of wetlands themselves. The model maximizes benefits to hunters as well as the amenity values of ducks and ecosystem benefits of wetlands, subject to the population dynamics. Results indicate that wetlands and duck harvests need to be increased relative to historical levels. Further, the socially optimal ratio of duck harvest to wetlands is larger than what has been observed historically. Including amenity values leads to a significant increase in the quantity of wetlands and duck harvests relative to models that focus only on hunting values.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic modelling; Wetland protection; Wildlife management; Nonmarket values; Prairie pothole region; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; C61; Q25.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94936

Bioeconomic modeling of wetlands and waterfowl in Western Canada: Accounting for amenity values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Withey,   Patrick; Wong,   Linda.
This study extends an original bioeconomic model of optimal duck harvest and wetland retention by bringing in amenity values related to the nonmarket (in situ) benefits of waterfowl plsi the ecosystem values of wetlands themselves. The model maximizes benefits to hunters as well as the amenity values of ducks and ecosystem benefits of wetlands, subject to the population dynamics. Results indicate that wetlands and duck harvests need to be increased relative to historical levels. Further, the socially optimal ratio of duck harvest to wetlands is larger than what has been observed historically. Including amenity values leads to a significant increase in the quantity of wetlands and duck harvests relative to models that focus only on hunting values.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic modelling; Wetland protection; Wildlife management; Nonmarket values; Prairie pothole region; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; C61; Q25.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61308

BIOENERGIA: POTENCIAIS, PROBLEMAS E DECISÕES PARA A VIABILIZAÇÃO SOCIAL E ECONÔMICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vian,   Carlos Eduardo de Freitas; Moraes,   Gustavo Inacio De.
A demanda por biocombustíveis está crescendo no mundo todo por conta da preocupação como aquecimento global. Este processo oferece oportunidades para regiões ainda pouco desenvolvidas e para uma parcela de mão-de-obra não qualificada. Por outro lado é uma fonte com densidade energética alta, modifica substancialmente as externalidades negativas produzidas na atual oferta de energia, diminuindo o nível de emissão de gases. Mas por outro lado, existe o potencial de poluição a partir da produção deste novos produtos. Mas a produção de bio-combustíveis tem sido apontada como uma ameaça à produção de alimentos, na medida em que competirá por terras. Adicionalmente, percebem-se limitações na infra-estrutura de distribuição e na garantia de um fornecimento livre...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bio-Combustíveis; Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Tecnologia; BioFuels; Sustanaible Development; Technology; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114128

BIOENERGIE AS A SOURCE OF INCOME OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Makarchuk,   Oksana; Hockmann,   Heinrich; Lissitsa,   Alexej.
Enterprise activity is based on maximization of profit to increase the volume of own capital, to expand manufacture and to guarantee the earning of profit for the long-term period. Therefore everyone searches for new sources of the income by means of which it is possible to maximize cost of the made product. One of new sources of the income in agriculture is a cultivation of agricultural crops for the energy, heat, fuel (biofuel) manufacture. In this "discussion paper" the market is examined for biofuel, as well as their competitiveness is analyzed in comparison to mineral fuels. Germany takes the lead positions on manufacture and use of biofuel among the countries of the European Union and Ukraine has a big potential on the agricultural commodities market...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Биотопливо; Биоэтанол; Биомасса; Возобновляемые источники энергии; Конкурентоспособность; Спрос и предложение.Biokraftstoff; Bioethanol; Biomasse; Erneubare Energien; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit; Angebot und Nachfrage.Biofuel; Bioethanol; Biomass; Renewed energy sources; Competitiveness; Supply and demand.; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q27.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91735

Bioenergy in a Greenhouse Mitigating World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarl,   Bruce A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1; Q4; Q54.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94503

BIO-ENERGY-A BY-PRODUCT OF RURAL LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huber,   Robert.
Environmental goals play a crucial role in the economic assessment of bio-energy production, particularly in countries where the agricultural sector is less competitive. In addition to the reduction of CO2 emissions, advanced biomass conversion technologies could contribute to the maintenance of landscape functions, such as the upkeep of rural scenery. From this perspective, energy production would be a by-product of the provision of environmental goods and services. This paper analyses, from a theoretical point of view, the consideration of alternative actors using biomass conversion facilities in connection with landscape maintenance and presents a case study from the Swiss lowlands. Results show that a societal optimal solution can be achieved with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bio-energy; Rural landscape maintenance; Multifunctionality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7619

Biofuel policies and the environment: the effects of biofuel feedstock production on climate, water quality and biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Ollikainen,   Markku.
In this paper we examine the multiple environmental effects of policies promoting biofuel production from agricultural crops. We develop theoretical and empirical frameworks and provide an integrated economic and ecological modelling approach: an economic model of farmers’ decision making is combined with a biophysical model predicting the effects of farming practices on crop yields and multiple environmental effects. The analysed environmental effects include GHG emissions over the life cycle, nitrogen and phosphorus runoff, herbicide runoff and the quality of wildlife habitats. Model is applied to crop production in Finland. We found that the overall environmental performance of alternative land use types is mainly driven by the value of CO2-eq emissions...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Life cycle analysis; Nutrient runoff; Herbicide runoff; Greenhouse gas emissions; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51677

BIOFUELS AND LEAKAGES IN THE FUEL MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drabik,   Dusan; de Gorter,   Harry.
Leakage in the fuel market differs, depending on whether ethanol production is determined by a tax credit or consumption mandate. Two components of market leakage are distinguished: domestic and international. Leakage with both a tax credit and a consumption mandate depends on market elasticities and consumption/production shares, with the former having a bigger impact. Leakage is also more sensitive to changes in market supply and demand elasticities in the country not introducing biofuels. Although positive with a tax credit, market leakage can be negative with a consumption mandate, meaning that one gallon of ethanol can replace more than a gallon of gasoline. We also show that being a small country biofuels producer does not necessarily mean that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91265

Biofuels and their By-Products: Global Economic and Environmental Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thaeripour,   Farzad; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Tyner,   Wallace E.; Beckman,   Jayson F.; Birur,   Dileep K.
The biofuel industry has been rapidly growing around the world in recent years. Several papers have used general equilibrium models and addressed the economy-wide and environmental consequences of producing biofuels at a large scale. They mainly argue that since biofuels are mostly produced from agricultural sources, their effects are largely felt in agricultural markets with major land use and environmental consequences. In this paper, we argue that virtually all of these studies have overstated the impact of liquid biofuels on agricultural markets due to the fact that they have ignored the role of by-products resulting from the production of biofuels. Feed by-products of the biofuel industry, such as Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6452

BIOFUELS, CLIMATE POLICY, AND WATER MANAGEMENT: ASSESSING POLICY-INDUCED SHIFTS ON AGRICULTURE’S EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE MARGINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baker,   Justin Scott; Murray,   Brian C.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Biofuel expansion efforts and climate mitigation policy could fundamentally alter land management trends in U.S. agriculture and forestry (AF) by mandating biofuel feedstock production and providing incentives for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction and carbon sequestration from terrestrial sources. Research has shown that biofuel expansion can alter commodity markets, induce agricultural land expansion, and intensify production. Meanwhile, GHG mitigation efforts could limit agricultural expansion, reduce current cultivation, and lower management intensity by incentivizing GHG emissions reduction and carbon sequestration within AF. To date, little work has attempted to quantify biofuel and climate policy-induced shifts together along the extensive and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas mitigation; Biofuels; Water resource management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104912

Biokraftstoffquoten – gibt es überhaupt genug Rohstoffe?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeddies,   Jurgen.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97318

Biokraftstoff-Zertifizierungssysteme ISCC und REDcert: Darstellung, Vergleich und kritische Diskussion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bucheler,   Gerolf.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118989

Biological Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Trading Re-Visited
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Under Kyoto, biological activities that sequester carbon can be used to create CO2 offset credits that could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. Credits are earned by storing carbon in terrestrial ecosystems and wood products, although CO2 emissions are also mitigated by delaying deforestation, which accounts for one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, nonpermanent carbon offsets from biological activities are difficult to compare with each other and with emissions reduction because they differ in how long they prevent CO2 from entering the atmosphere. This is the duration problem; it results in uncertainty and makes it difficult to determine the legitimacy of biological activities in mitigating climate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon offset credits; Climate change; Duration of carbon sinks; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44262

Biological Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Trading Re-visited
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Under Kyoto, biological activities that sequester carbon can be used to create CO2 offset credits that could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. Credits are earned by storing carbon in terrestrial ecosystems and wood products, although CO2 emissions are also mitigated by delaying deforestation, which accounts for one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, non-permanent carbon offsets from biological activities are difficult to compare with each other and with emissions reduction because they differ in how long they prevent CO2 from entering the atmosphere. This is the duration problem; it results in uncertainty and makes it difficult to determine the legitimacy of biological activities in mitigating climate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon offset credits from biological activities; Climate change; Duration of carbon sinks; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37083

Biological Carbon Sinks: Transaction Costs and Governance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Activities that remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it in forest and agricultural ecosystems can generate CO2-offset credits that can thus substitute for CO2 emissions reduction. Are biological CO2-uptake activities competitive with CO2 offsets from reduced fossil fuel use? In this paper, it is argued that transaction costs impose a formidable obstacle to direct substitution of carbon uptake offsets for emissions reduction in trading schemes, and that separate caps should be set for emissions reduction and sink-related activities. While a tax/subsidy scheme is preferred to emissions trading for incorporating biologically-generated CO2 offsets, contracts that focus on the activity and not the amount of carbon sequestered are most likely to lead to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Transaction costs; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q54; Q23; Q42; H23; D23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45505

Biological Control of Giant Reed (Arundo donax): Economic Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seawright,   Emily K.; Rister,   M. Edward; Lacewell,   Ronald D.; Sturdivant,   Allen W.; Goolsby,   John A.; McCorkle,   Dean A.
Arundo donax is a large, invasive weed consuming large quantities of water in the riparian area of the Texas Rio Grande Basin.  With water availability a concern to the area, the USDA-ARS is investigating biological control agents to increase available water, creating a benefit to both the region’s economy and society in general.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Arundo donax; Giant Reed; Water; Economics; Invasive; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46740

Biological, Technological, and Economic Relationships between Predator and Prey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   David C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61667

Biomass Supply from Alternative Cellulosic Crops and Crop Residues: A Preliminary Spatial Bioeconomic Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Egbendewe-Mondzozo,   Aklesso; Swinton,   Scott M.; Izaurralde,   R. Cesar; Manowitz,   David H.; Zhang,   Xuesong.
This paper introduces a spatial bioeconomic model for study of potential cellulosic biomass supply at regional scale. By modeling the profitability of alternative crop production practices, it captures the opportunity cost of replacing current crops by cellulosic biomass crops. The model draws upon biophysical crop input-output coefficients, price and cost data, and spatial transportation costs in the context of profit maximization theory. Yields are simulated using temperature, precipitation and soil quality data with various commercial crops and potential new cellulosic biomass crops. Three types of alternative crop management scenarios are simulated by varying crop rotation, fertilization and tillage. The cost of transporting biomass to a specific...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass production; Bioenergy supply; Biofuel policy; Bioenergy; Cellulosic ethanol; Agro-ecosystem economics; Ecosystem services economics; Agro-environmental trade-off analysis; Mathematical programming; EPIC; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q15; Q57; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98277

Biomass Supply from Alternative Cellulosic Crops and Crop Residues: A Spatial Bioeconomic Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Egbendewe-Mondzozo,   Aklesso; Swinton,   Scott M.; Izaurralde,   R. Cesar; Manowitz,   David H.; Zhang,   Xuesong.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103435

Biophysical and Economic Uncertainty in the Analysis of Poverty Impacts of Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.; Lobell,   David; Verma,   Monika.
This paper seeks to understand the main sources of uncertainty in assessing the impacts of climate change on agricultural output, international trade, and poverty. We incorporate biophysical uncertainty by sampling from a distribution of productivity shocks reflecting the impacts of climate on agricultural yields in 2030. These shocks, in turn, affect the global economy. The response of economic agents to climate change is the second source of uncertainty in our estimates. We find that, even though it is difficult to predict where in the world agricultural crops will be favorably affected by climate change, we find that the responses of output and exports can be far more robust. This is due to the fact that supply and demand decisions depend on relative...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change Uncertainty; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103691

Biophysical Modelling and Performance Measurement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Graham,   Mary.
Agricultural production, by its nature, impacts both positively and negatively on the environment. Impacts can be point source or diffuse; however all should be considered in performance measurement. To estimate potential environmental impacts from the use of nitrogen fertilizer, a biophysical model of dairy grazing systems, DairyMod, is used to simulate individual farming practices and determine the likely extent of leaching and run-off from each farm. Although not the only environmental impacts of farming, leaching and run-off are two variables that can be measured and combined with other marketed inputs to determine farm performance.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6773

Bioproducts Development Survey: Analysis of the Summary Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sparling,   David; Cranfield,   John A.L.; Henson,   Spencer J.; Laughland,   Pamela.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Sparling; Bioproducts; Bioproduct Development Survey; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52704

Birds in an Australian Rainforest: Their Attraction for Visitors and Visitor's Ecological Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
Lamington National Park in Queensland, Australia is noted for its rainforest and is part of the World Heritage listed property but prior to this work, no systematic study has been done of the importance of birds to its visitors.  This study is based on data from survey forms handed to visitors at an important site in the park and completed by visitors following their visit.  It yielded 622 useable responses.  These enabled us to establish the comparative importance of birds as an attraction to this site for this sample of visitors.  Furthermore, logit regression is used to target analysis and to identify factors that increase the likelihood of a visitor saying that birds are an important attraction.  In addition, the relative importance to visitors of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Lamington National Park; Tourism; Australian rainforest; Conservation; Birds; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51296

Birds - Their importance to visitors to an Australian Rainforest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
Lamington National Park in Queensland, Australia is noted for its rainforest and is part of Australia’s fourteen World Heritage listed properties but no systematic study has been done of the importance of birds to its visitors.  This study rectifies this situation.  It is based on data from survey forms handed to visitors at an important site in this park and completed by visitors following their visit.  This yielded 622 useable replies.  These enabled us to establish the comparative importance of birds as an attraction to this site. Furthermore, logit regression is used to analyze and to identify factors that increase the likelihood of a visitor saying that birds are an important attraction.  In addition, the relative importance to visitors of various...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Biodiversity; Birds; Rainforest; Tourism; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48976

Book Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meszaros,   Sandor.
Book Review
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53080

BOOK REVIEW: Robert A. Young. Determining the Economic Value of Water: Concepts and Methods.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Espey,   Molly.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59685

BRAZIL’S CLIMATE ADAPTATION POLICIES: IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valdes,   Constanza; Arriola,   Christine; Somwaru,   Agapi; Gasques,   Jose Garcia.
Current climate adaptation polices in Brazil are influencing not only the choice of crops but also many agricultural practices at the farm level including changes in planting and sowing periods, use of irrigation-saving technologies, and increased nitrogen fertilization, among others. The shape and content of these adaptation policies and measures for Brazil are not limited to production agriculture, but include also conservation reserve and risk-reducing farm programs. In addition, the decades-old adaptation and management strategies for agricultural production under tropical conditions carried out by EMBRAPA, Brazil’s premier agricultural research agency, continue to play a prominent role. As Brazil is one the world’s largest agricultural producers and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91420

Breaking the Impasse in International Climate Negotiations: A New Direction for Currently Flawed Negotiations and a Roadmap for China to 2050
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
China’s unilateral pledge to cut its carbon intensity by 40-45 percent by 2020 relative to its 2005 levels raises both the stringency issue, and given that China’s pledge is in the form of carbon intensity, reliability issues concerning China’s statistics on energy and GDP. Moreover, as long as China’s commitments differ in form from those of other major greenhouse gas emitters, China is constantly confronted with both criticism on its carbon intensity commitment being less stringent and the threats of trade measures. In response to these concerns and to put China in a positive position, this paper will map out a realistic roadmap for China’s specific climate commitments towards 2050, with its main distinguishing features including China taking on absolute...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Intensity; Post-Copenhagen Climate Change Negotiations; Climate Commitments; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q43; Q48; Q52; Q53; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108263

Briefing Paper on the Demand of U.S. Commodity Exports and the Mississippi River: Past and Present
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kruse,   John R.; Meyer,   Seth D.; Womack,   Abner W.; Meyers,   William H.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50490

Briefing Paper on the "Worst Case" Implications of Low Missouri River Flows for Power Plants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kruse,   John R.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50488

Bringing Biophysical Models into the Economic Laboratory: An Experimental Analysis of Sediment Trading in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   John G.
Experimental economics has emerged and matured as a formal method for questioning and stress testing economic theory and assumptions concerning individual behavior. More recently, experimental methods have been used successfully in an economic laboratory to test alternative environmental policy options. The data underpinning these experiments is often stylized or hypothetical in nature. Ecologists and experimental economics have much to gain by exploring ways to underpin economic experiments with data generated from biophysical models in terms of external validity and salient features of the issue at hand. The study makes a contribution by demonstrating how underpinning experiments with regionally modeled biophysical data may give insights which would not...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sediment trading; EMSS; Natural resource markets; Experimentation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25631

Bringing Growth Theory "Down to Earth"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.; Stocking,   Andrew.
Explicitly accounting for certain basic physical laws governing the “earth” sector dramatically enriches our ability to explain a high degree of diversity in observed patterns of economic growth. We provide a theoretical explanation of why some countries have been able to sustain a more or less constant and positive rate of economic growth for many decades while so many others have failed to do so. The analysis predicts that countries that have an over abundance of physical capital (a concept that is precisely defined in the text) may be unable to sustain a positive rate of economic growth over the long run. Too much physical capital may affect the dynamics of the economy ultimately leading to stagnation. The plausibility of the growth model introduced...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endogenous growth theory; Unbalanced growth; Structural change; Stagnation; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; E22; Q01; O41.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48944

BROILER PRODUCERS’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY TO MANAGE NUTRIENT POLLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Devkota,   Nirmala; Paudel,   Krishna P.; Parajuli,   Shanta.
Economic incentives or disincentives play a major role on encouraging producers to implement environmentally benign production practices. We evaluated producers’ willingness to pay (WTP) value to represent the level of disincentives that motivate farmers to mitigate nutrient pollution. The result obtained by using ordered response model showed that farm size, farm income, and land available to spread litter are major variables that determine the producers’ WTP.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46825

Brown Sunsets and Green Dawns in the Industrial Sector: Environmental Innovations, Firm Behavior and the European Emission Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borghesi,   Simone; Cainelli,   Giulio; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano.
We study the driving forces behind the adoption of environmental innovations (EI) in the Italian industry over 2006-2008 through analyses of the new wave of Community Innovation Survey (CIS) data that covered for the first time environmental innovation adoptions. We investigate whether the first phase of EU ETS has exerted some effects on environmental innovations by using a very large sample of italian manufcturing firms. Estimates show that external forces and complementarity with other management practices are particularly relevant to increase the adoption of relatively new and radical technologies: relationships with other firms and institutions, local public funding, group membership are the key factors. The role of ETS on EI seems instead to be weak:...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Innovation; Industrial Sectors; ETS; Innovation Drivers; CIS Data; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; L2; O33; Q38; Q55.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121701

Brownfields Redevelopment in Wisconsin: A Survey of the Field
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wernstedt,   Kris; Crooks,   Lisa; Hersh,   Robert.
As the third paper in our three-part series on Wisconsin brownfields, this paper reports the results of a survey on the objectives of brownfields redevelopment, constraints to the redevelopment, the role of the state's Department of Natural Resources (DNR), and institutional controls. The 260 survey respondents include elected officials, staff from economic development and planning agencies, attorneys, private sector representatives, and professionals at nonprofit organizations. We find that: 1) respondents value both economic and environmental gains associated with brownfields redevelopment; 2) the high costs of cleanup are the principal barrier to brownfields redevelopment; 3) no single factor stands out as constraining DNR's ability to oversee cleanups;...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brownfields; Contamination; Hazardous waste; Regulatory reform; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10443

Brownfields Redevelopment in Wisconsin: Program, Citywide, and Site-Level Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wernstedt,   Kris; Hersh,   Robert.
In this paper, the second installment of our three-part study on the development of brownfields policy in the state of Wisconsin, we use case studies to explore the implementation of the policy at three scales: 1) two statewide initiatives, the Voluntary Party Liability Exemption process and the Sustainable Urban Development Zone program; 2) the efforts of two Wisconsin cities, West Allis and Wausau, to promote brownfields redevelopment across their neighborhoods; and 3) project-specific uses of institutional, regulatory, and financial innovations to encourage the revitalization of specific areas. Throughout the paper, we focus on the role of economic incentives, regulatory flexibility, regulatory structure, and the behavioral culture of brownfields...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brownfields; Contamination; Hazardous waste; Regulatory reform; Wisconsin; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10547

Brunei's Quest for Sustainable Development: Diversification and Other Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brunei; Small island economies; Sustainable development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53638

Bt and Ht Corn versus Conventional Pesticide and Herbicide Use. Do Environmental Impacts Differ?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nillesen,   Eleonora; Scatasta,   Sara; Wesseler,   Justus.
In this paper we empirically assess and compare the environmental impact of pesticide programs for Bt, Ht (glufosinate) and conventional corn in Europe, employing the Environmental Impact Quotient. We use field trial data from Narbons, France 2004 as well as secondary data. Our results show that management of Bt corn has a lower environmental impact than conventional corn programs. Herbicide treatment of the Ht variety also has a much lower environmental impact than that of the two conventional programs. Our empirical findings support the argument of lower environmental and health impacts with respect to pesticide use when growing Bt and Ht corn. The outcomes are relevant for environmental benefit-cost analysis of Bt and Ht corn.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EIQ; Pesticide use; Bt; Ht corn; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25504

BUDDHIST EQUILIBRIUM: THE THEORY OF MIDDLE PATH FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mendis,   Patrick.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13948

Bundled Ecosystem Markets – Are They The Future?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greenhalgh,   Suzie.
Bundled ecosystem markets may be the next big buzz in environmental policy and ecosystem conservation and restoration. But what does it mean? And what is the feasibility of these markets? While single service ecosystem markets are proliferating, bundled ecosystem markets are not. Using some ‘enabling’ and ‘operating’ conditions identified for various single ecosystem markets, I will see how these conditions hold as you move to bundled ecosystem markets. I also outline some of the hurdles that confront the development of bundled ecosystem markets and what may need to be reconciled to move these markets forward. This article is aimed at stimulating greater thinking and promoting more exploration by the policy and research community into the development of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bundled ecosystem markets; Market-based instruments; Policy; Trading; Ecosystem services; Markets; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6166

Burden Sharing and Cohesion Countries in European Climate Policy: The Portuguese Example
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dessai,   Suraje; Michaelowa,   Axel.
The EU has been a leader in international climate policy. However, due to activities of interest groups, domestic action, an area which the EU has strongly defended, is proving difficult to carry out, particularly for cohesion member states. Although their behaviour resembles free-riding, at least in an international dimension, Cohesion country targets are actually challenging in the face of their economic boom. Portugal accepted limiting its GHGs emissions to a 27% increase up to 2010 whereas current projections lead to doubt that Portugal is capable of achieving its target unless more stringent policies are implemented. Underdeveloped institutional capacities and lack of abatement interests accompanied by the rapid economic and road traffic growth are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26354

Bush Meets Hotelling: Effects of Improved Renewable Energy Technology on Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoel,   Michael.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/20/09.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Exhaustible Resources; Renewable Energy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q30; Q42; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47175

Calculating Costs of Pig Production  with the InterPIG Network
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haxsen,   Gerhard.
Summary: This working paper presents objectives, methods and the empirical basis of the international working group InterPIG. The members of the group act within an informal network as a base for a mutual exchange of data needed for a unique way to annually calculate the costs of pig production and to analyse their determinants. The working paper informs on the contributions of the members to the network, explains the method for calculating the production costs and presents results of 2006. Further, it shows how InterPIG can react to rapid price changes like the increase of the feed prices during 2007.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Zusammenfassung: Dieser Arbeitsbericht stellt Ziele, Methode und...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Piglet production; Pig fattening; Relation of costs and returns; International comparison of costs; Livestock Production/Industries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q16; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102573

Calculating the Costs of Environmental Regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.; Kopp,   Raymond J.
Decisions concerning environmental protection hinge on estimates of economic burden. Over the past 30 years, economists have developed and applied various tools to measure this burden. In this paper, developed as a chapter for the Handbook of Environmental Economics, we present a taxonomy of costs along with methods for measuring those costs. At the broadest level, we distinguish between partial and general equilibrium costs. Partial equilibrium costs represent the burden directly borne by the regulated entity (firms, households, government), including both pecuniary and nonpecuniary expenses, when prices are held constant. General equilibrium costs reflect the net burden once all good and factor markets have equilibrated. In addition to partial...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social cost; Cost-benefit; Cost-effectiveness; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; Q28; H41; L50; D58.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10762

California Agriculture Dimensions and Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
The Evolution of California Agriculture 1850-2000, by Alan L. Olmstead and Paul W. Rhode; Cross Sections of a Diverse Agriculture: Profiles of California's Agricultural Production Regions and Principle Commodities, by Warren E. Johnston; The Measure of California Agriculture and Its Importance in the State's Economy, by Daniel Sumner, Jose E. Bervejillo and Nicolai V. Kuminoff; Marketing California's Agricultural Production, by Hoy F. Carman, Roberta Cook and Richard J. Sexton; International Trade and the Road Ahead for California Agriculture, by Tiffany Arthur, Colin Carter, and Alix Peterson Zwane; Commodity Policy and California Agriculture, by Daniel A. Sumner and Henrich Brunke; Water Infrastructure and Water Allocation in California, by Richard...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11917

Can a Warmer Climate Save Northern Agriculture?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaasland,   Ivar.
Agriculture at high latitudes is expected to be a main beneficiary of a man-made climate change. A numerical model, using Norway as a case, is employed to analyze the impacts of a warmer climate on northern agriculture. The computations indicate that the current degree of self-sufficiency can be achieved with less budget support and higher economic welfare. However, it may be argued that environmental goods, such as landscape and biodiversity preservation, and rural settlement, are more important than self-sufficiency for northern agriculture. It is demonstrated that, in that case, welfare gains are substantially lower, and can even be negative.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Northern agriculture; Environmental goods; Numerical model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L52; Q18; Q24.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24551

Can an Effective Global Climate Treaty Be Based on Sound Science, Rational Economics, and Pragmatic Politics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
The Kyoto Protocol (1997) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) may come into force without U.S. participation, but its effects on climate change will be trivial. At the same time, the economic and scientific consensus points to the need for a credible international approach. A reasonable starting point is the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), which was signed by 161 nations and ratified by 50, including the United States, and entered into force in 1994. In this paper, I remain agnostic on the question of the Kyoto Protocol's viability. Some analysts see the agreement as deeply flawed, while others see it as an acceptable or even excellent first step. But virtually everyone agrees that the Protocol is not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global climate change; Global warming; Policy architecture; Kyoto Protocol; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58; Q48; Q39.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10720

Can Carbon Sinks Be Operational? RFF Workshop Proceedings
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.; Toman,   Michael.
An RFF Workshop brought together experts from around the world to assess the feasibility of using biological sinks to sequester carbon as part of a global atmospheric mitigation effort. The chapters of this proceeding are a result of that effort. Although the intent of the workshop was not to generate a consensus, a number of studies suggest that sinks could be a relatively inexpensive and effective carbon management tool. The chapters cover a variety of aspects and topics related to the monitoring and measurement of carbon in biological systems. They tend to support the view the carbon sequestration using biological systems is technically feasible with relatively good precision and at relatively low cost. Thus carbon sinks can be operational.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Sinks; Global warming; Sequestration; Forests; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q15; Q21; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10480

Can Climate Change Mitigation Policy Benefit the Israeli Economy? A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palatnik,   Ruslana Rachel; Shechter,   Mordechai.
The growing attention to global warming due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the process of fossil fuel--based energy production is expressed in the Kyoto Protocol, which prescribes, on average, a 7 percent reduction in GHG emissions for developed countries. Although Israel was not included in the list of the obligated countries ("Annex A"), it should consider the economic implications of participating in the emission reduction effort, as such a commitment becomes highly feasible following the Bali roadmap which oblige a successor to the Kyoto Protocol to launch negotiations including all parties to the UNFCCC on a future framework, stressing the role of cooperative action and of common though differentiated responsibility. This study aimed to quantify...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium; Climate Change; Environmental Policy; Double Dividend; Israel; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; D58; H23; Q43; Q48; Q52.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6361

Can Climate Change Save Lives? A comment on “Economy-wide estimates of the implications of climate change: Human health"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ackerman,   Frank; Stanton,   Elizabeth A.
In a recent article in this journal, Francesco Bosello, Roberto Roson, and Richard Tol make the surprising prediction that the first stages of global warming will, on balance, save a large number of lives. Bosello et al. fail to substantiate this remarkable estimate, and they make multiple mistaken or misleading assumptions. They rely on research that identifies a simple empirical relationship between temperature and mortality, but ignores the countervailing effect of human adaptation to gradual changes in average temperature. While focusing on small changes in average temperatures, they ignore the important health impacts of extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts, floods, and hurricanes. They extrapolate this pattern far beyond the level that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37240

Can Co-Management Improve the Governance of   A Common- Pool Resource? Lessons From A Framed Field Experiment in A Marine Protected Area in the Colombian Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moreno-Sanchez,   Rocio del Pilar; Maldonado,   Jorge Higinio.
Complexities associated with the management of common pool resources (CPR) threaten governance at some marine protected areas (MPA). In this paper, using economic experimental games (EEG), we investigate the effects of both external regulation and the complementarities between internal regulation and non-coercive authority intervention—what we call co-management—on fishermen’s extraction decisions. We perform EEG with fishermen inhabiting the influence zone of an MPA in the Colombian Caribbean. The results show that co- management exhibits the best results, both in terms of resource sustainability and reduction in extraction, highlighting the importance of strategies that recognize communities as key actors in the decision-making process for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Governance; Co-management; Experimental economic games; Fisheries; Latin America.; Environmental Economics and Policy; C93; C72; D02; D70; Q01; Q22; Q28; C23; C25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60731

Can Conservation Easements Market Evolve from Emerging to Efficient?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keske,   Catherine M.; Hoag,   Dana L.; Bastian,   Christopher T.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92843

Can Dispersed Biomass Processing Protect the Environment and Cover the Bottom Line for Biofuel?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Egbendewe-Mondzozo,   Aklesso; Swinton,   Scott M.; Bals,   Bryan D.; Dale,   Bruce E.
This paper compares environmental and profitability outcomes for a centralized biorefinery for cellulosic ethanol that does all processing versus a biorefinery linked to a decentralized array of local depots that pretreat biomass into concentrated briquettes.  The analysis uses a spatial bioeconomic model that maximizes predicted profit from crop and energy products, subject to the requirement that the biorefinery must be operated at full capacity.  The model draws upon biophysical crop input-output coefficients simulated with the EPIC model, as well as input and output prices, spatial transportation costs, ethanol yields from biomass, and biorefinery capital and operational costs. The model was applied to 82 cropping systems simulated across 37...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass production; Bioenergy supply; Cellulosic ethanol; Environmental trade-off analysis; Bioeconomic modeling; EPIC; Spatial configuration; Local biomass processing; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q15; Q57; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119348

CAN DOMESTICATION OF WILDLIFE LEAD TO CONSERVATION? THE ECONOMICS OF TIGER FARMING IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Brant; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tigers are a threatened species that might soon disappear in the wild. Not only are tigers threatened by deteriorating and declining habitat, but poachers continue to kill tigers for traditional medicine, decoration pieces and so on. Although international trade in tiger products has been banned since 1987 and domestic trade within China since 1993, tigers continue to be poached and Chinese entrepreneurs have established tiger farms in anticipation of their demise. While China desires to permit sale of tiger products from captive-bred tigers, this is opposed on the grounds that it likely encourages illegal killing. Instead, wildlife conservationists lobby for more spending on anti-poaching and trade-ban enforcement. In this study, a mathematical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Endangered species and extinction; Wildlife farming; Economics of natural; Mathematical bioeconomics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q27; C61; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61071

CAN DOMESTICATION OF WILDLIFE LEAD TO CONSERVATION? THE ECONOMICS OF TIGER FARMING IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Brant; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tigers are a threatened species that might soon disappear in the wild. Not only are tigers threatened by deteriorating and declining habitat, but poachers continue to kill tigers for traditional medicine, decoration pieces and so on. Although international trade in tiger products has been banned since 1987 and domestic trade within China since 1993, tigers continue to be poached and Chinese entrepreneurs have established tiger farms in anticipation of their demise. While China desires to permit sale of tiger products from captive-bred tigers, this is opposed on the grounds that it likely encourages illegal killing. Instead, wildlife conservationists lobby for more spending on anti-poaching and trade-ban enforcement. In this study, a mathematical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Extinction; Wildlife farming and bioeconomics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; Q27; C61; F13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46994

CAN ECO-LABELING DO MORE HARM THAN GOOD? A COMPARATIVE STATICS ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Athearn,   Kevin R.
This paper uses a two-product partial equilibrium model with demand- and supply-side substitution effects to identify supply and demand conditions under which eco-labeling would be most and least effective.  The results suggest that eco-labeling is most effective at reducing environmentally harmful production when it leads to a decrease in demand for unlabeled products and producers respond to non-price incentives in adopting the certified methods.  The analysis demonstrates that consumer willingness-to-pay a premium and the potential demand for an eco-labeled product do not provide the best indication of an eco-labeling program's effectiveness at reducing adverse environmental impacts.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35105

CAN FARMERS BE SUPPLIERS IN A MARKET FOR CARBON CREDITS? (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Willey,   Zach.
PowerPoint presentation
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33035

Can fishing tourism improve sustainability of fishing chain?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lai,   Maria Bonaria.
One environmental event verified during the last years in the Mediterranean sea is that the presence of tropical fishes is causing death of the original fauna. This has attracted the attention of not only the fishermen, but also that of the European Community and all of the associations (public and private) which work to preserve the environment. There are several initiatives to preserve the environment, and the “fermo biologico” is one of these. It tries to solve the Mediterranean fish’s depopulation problem, restricting the fishing in some period of the year. As known, the management of the biological resources is addressed to guarantee the environmental sustainability. This sustainability can be guaranteed by those who work in the fish sector, through...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fishing tourism; Sustainability; Customer satisfaction; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119153

Can Permanence Be Insured? Consideration of Some Technical and Practical Issues of Insuring Carbon Credits from Afforestation and Reforestation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wong,   Jenny L.P.; Dutschke,   Michael.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) removals by afforestation and reforestation project activities under the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are vulnerable to a variety of risks and uncertainties, resulting in the partial or total reversal of such removals. Hence, GHG removals from these sink activities are considered to be of temporary nature and non-permanent. Specific modalities related to non-permanence will need to be developed in order to include afforestation and reforestation project activities under the CDM and for a decision on modalities to be reached at COP 9 in December 2003. Two main options on how to address non-permanence have been proposed, these being temporary credits and insurance of emission reduction credits. This paper discusses...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Forestry; Insurance; Permanence; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q25; Q13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26270

Can R&amp;D-Inducing Green Tariffs Replace International Environmental Regulations?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naghavi,   Alireza.
This paper investigates the link between trade and environment by exploring the effects of green tariffs on the location of firms, innovation and the environment. It shows that tariffs levied on polluting goods could result in less global pollution than harmonization of environmental standards by inducing more pollution abatement R&amp;D, generating lower unit emissions from production, and reducing competition. Green tariffs reduce pollution by (1) shifting production to the region where environmental standards are respected, (2) strategically inducing abatement R&amp;D by the Northern firm by granting the latter a higher market share, (3) creating abatement R&amp;D by deterring delocation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12052

Can Stated Preference Valuations Help Improve Environmental Decision Making?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stevens,   Thomas H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93503

Can subsidizing alternative energy technology development lead to faster global warming?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duncan,   Roderick.
Modelling global climate changes without taking account of the changes in resource markets can produce climate policy with perverse consequences. In even the simplest economic model of emissions of greenhouse gases, naïve policies that ignore markets can lead to perverse outcomes- the opposite of that intended by the policymakers-such as accelerating global warming. Yet the global climate models that are commonly used to develop climate policy do not adequately model resource markets. As a consequence, we need to develop better models of resource markets within our global climate models.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10383

Can the lack of coordination between an agricultural authority and a water agency generate inefficiencies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Elsa; Stahn,   Hubert.
The point of departure of this work is the situation occurring in the Crau area (South-East of France). In this region, organic farmers use surface water for irrigation and excess water percolates into an aquifer that is used as a source for local residents. In contrast to the standard framework, agricultural production thus increases groundwater levels. In this paper, using a dynamic model, we derive the myopic and socially optimal food and water consumption paths. The first aim is to bring to the fore that an intervention is needed and that, in such a specific case, the environment can be protected thanks to some "good" production incentives. We then analyze the problem of coordination that can occur when two distinct local authorities - an agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Externalities; Agricultural policy; Water policy; Coordination of policies; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; Q18; Q28.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91811

Can the Value of Ecosystem Services Pay for the Conservation of the World’s Remaining Tropical Rainforests?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brand,   David.
Deforestation continues at a significant rate, especially in developing tropical countries. The process is a consequence of pressures to realise the commercial value of the timber and/or the land, the latter typically for either agriculture or settlement. Forests are integral to a variety of increasingly valuable environmental systems — carbon, water and biodiversity. Measures such as stopping illegal logging, and labelling logs from sustainablymanaged forests, are important palliatives. However, the real need is to develop price signals that reflect the substantial value of environmental services, and to integrate these into the international commodity economy.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124399

Can virtual water 'trade' reduce water scarcity in semi-arid countries? The case of Spain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garrido,   Alberto; Novo,   Paula; Rodriguez Casado,   Roberto; Varela-Ortega,   Consuelo.
Agricultural trade is by far the largest vehicle to ‘move’ water virtually around the world. Observing that most countries import and export water embedded in the exchanged products, the objective of this study is to assess the virtual water ‘trade’ in Spain for the period 1997-2006. We differentiate between the green and blue components of virtual water from a hydrological and economic perspective. The combination of spatial and time dimensions offers a unique empirical setting to determine whether virtual water ‘trade’ can contribute to reduce water scarcity. The study reveals that Spain is a net ‘importer’ of virtual water. By far the largest virtual water ‘imports’ are linked to cereals and animal feed products whilst the virtual water ‘exports’ are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Virtual water ‘trade’; Farm trade; Water scarcity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q17; Q25; Q27; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51048

Can Voluntary Programs Resolve China's Environmental Crisis? An Analysis of ISO 14001 Certification in a Sample of Chinese Firms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McGuire,   William.
I study the determinants of ISO 14001 certification in a sample of manufacturing firms in China as well as the effect of ISO 14001 certification on firm environmental performance.  Results indicate that ISO 14001 plays an important role in signaling the firm's environmental technology to environmentally conscious customers.  ISO 14001 also appears to improve firm environmental performance, even after controlling for endogeneity between performance and certification.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; ISO 14001; Environmental Management Systems; Signaling; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103659

Canada's Domestic Carbon Emission and Trading Institution: Rules, Workability, and the Role of Offsets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomassin,   Paul J.
When Canada ratified the Kyoto Protocol in December 2002, the country committed to decrease its Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by 6% below its 1990 level. It is estimated that this commitment will require Canada to decrease emissions by 270 megatonnes (Mt) per year during the first commitment period 2008 to 2012. Carbon emission trading institutions have been identified, both internationally and domestically, as being a cost effective mechanism for supplying carbon emission reductions. The paper investigates two alternative mechanisms that can be used to allocate carbon and the potential development of the carbon offset credit market. The offset market could be important for the agriculture and forestry sectors, since these sectors have the potential to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; K2; Q13; Q1; Q5; Q58.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25543

Canada-US Softwood Lumber Trade Revisited: Examining the Role of Substitution Bias in the Context of a Spatial Price Equilibrium Framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mogus,   Anthony; Stennes,   Brad; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In the last two decades, softwood lumber trade between Canada and the United States has been characterized by numerous trade restrictions. Many studies have attempted to quantify the effects of such sanctions, and in doing so, softwood lumber was modeled as a single, homogenous commodity. However, recent research has suggested that this may be a misleading assumption, since not all softwood lumber products are equivalent substitutes. We refer to this problem as the substitution bias, and uniquely address this issue in estimating the effects of trade restricting policies. Using a spatial price equilibrium (spe) model, impacts of the post-sla import duties are estimated and compared to estimates of two alternative policy regimes – an export tax and quota. By...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Softwood lumber trade; Spatial price equilibrium; Lumber substitutability; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q27; Q58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37016

Cap-and-Trade: The Evolution of an Economic Idea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tietenberg,   Tom.
Over the past three decades or so, emissions trading has evolved from an idea that was little more than an academic curiosity to its current role as the centerpiece of the U.S. program to control acid rain and international programs to control greenhouse gases. This essay identifies some of the key milestones of this evolution, describes how that evolution was shaped by economic analysis, elicits some of the lessons about the design and effectiveness of emissions trading that have emerged from analysis of that evolution, and points out a few of the barriers that lie in the path of achieving a truly global carbon market.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Cap-and-trade; Climate policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95836

Capital Malleability and the Macroeconomic Costs of Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lanzi,   Elisa; Sue Wing,   Ian.
This paper argues for introducing the role of capital malleability into the analysis of environmental policies. The issue is explored by means of a theoretical model, a numerical analysis and a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Considering the three approaches together is fundamental in obtaining theory-compatible policy-relevant results. The model outcomes reveal differences between results under separate assumptions regarding the malleability of capital. When capital is imperfectly malleable a carbon policy is less effective than under the assumption of perfect malleability of capital. Therefore, it is important that, especially for the analysis of short-term environmental regulations, the issue of capital malleability is taken into...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: General Equilibrium; CGE Models; Climate Change Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; D58; H22; Q43.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59476

Carbon Abatement Costs: Why the Wide Range of Estimates?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Morgenstern,   Richard D.
Estimates of marginal abatement costs for reducing carbon emissions in the United States by the major economic-energy models vary by a factor of five, undermining support for mandatory policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We use meta analysis to explain these cost differences, holding policy regimes constant and focusing on the role of baseline emissions projections and structural characteristics of the models. The results indicate that certain assumptions, like freer trade and greater disaggregation of regions and nonenergy goods, lead to lower estimates of marginal abatement costs, while more disaggregated energy goods raise them. Other choices, like myopic optimization by households or the inclusion of an international finance sector, seem less...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate models; Carbon tax; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q4; Q25; D58.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10537

Carbon Abatement in the Fuel Market with Biofuels: Implications for Second-Best Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crago,   Christine Lasco; Khanna,   Madhu.
A carbon tax would penalize carbon intensive fuels like gasoline and shift fuel consumption to less carbon intensive alternatives like biofuels. Since biofuel production competes for land with agriculture, a carbon tax could raise land rents, divert land towards fuel production, and raise agricultural prices. This paper analyzes the welfare effect of a carbon tax on fuel with gasoline and biofuel as available fuel choices, in the presence of a labor tax and biofuel subsidy. The second-best optimal carbon tax is also quantified. Findings show that when biofuels is part of the fuel mix, the carbon tax has a commodity price effect which arises from tax-induced changes in land rent. The commodity price effect could exacerbate or attenuate the tax interaction...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon tax; Optimal fuel tax; Biofuel; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q54; H23.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60894

CARBON CREDIT POTENTIAL FROM INTENSIVE ROTATIONAL GRAZING UNDER CARBON CREDIT CERTIFICATION PROTOCOLS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stephenson,   Kurt; Bosch,   Darrell J.; Groover,   Gordon E.
Rotational grazing can potentially reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from animal operations.  This study investigates potential GHG reductions from rotational grazing farm operations under alternative procedures for defining a carbon credit.  As applied to a case study cow-calf operation, GHG emission credits did not differ substantially under different definitions of entity boundaries. The choice of accounting metric used to report credits (mass load versus load per unit of output), however, would dramatically influence whether a farm would benefit financially from a future market in carbon credits.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20225

Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) - Liability for Non-Permanence under the UNFCCC
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bode,   Sven; Jung,   Martina.
Prior to CoP 10, our discussion paper "On the Integration of Carbon Capture and Storage into the International Climate Regime" argued that carbon capture and storage (CCS) was similar to carbon sequestration in the area of Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF). This was criticized by several readers who observed that treating CCS as a removal activity (sink) would not be compatible with the UNFCCC sink definition, what we already had mentioned in the paper. The present paper is based on the UNFCCC definition and analyses how CCS could be integrated into the climate regime. As CO2 may re-enter the atmosphere after injection into geological reservoirs, the question of long-term liability has to be considered. Apart from this aspect, additional...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage; CDM; Climate Change; UNFCCC; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q40.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26131

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions in Latin America: Looking for the Existence of Environmental Kuznets Curves
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Zapata,   Hector O.; Diaz,   Alehandro; Bhattarai,   Keshav.
We estimated environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for carbon dioxide for 16 Latin American countries using nonparametric, semi-parametric, and parametric specifications.  Results indicated that most of the Latin American countries are still in the rising portion of the EKC with respect to CO2 pollution.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35619

Carbon Dioxide Emission Scenarios for the USA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tol,   Richard S.J.
A model of carbon dioxide emissions of the USA is presented. The model consists of population, income per capita, economic structure, final and primary energy intensity per sector, primary fuel mix, and emission coefficients. The model is simple enough to be calibrated to observations since 1850. The model is used to project emissions until 2100. Best guess carbon dioxide emissions are in the middle of the IPCC SRES scenarios, but incomes and energy intensities are on the high side, while carbon intensities are on the low side. The confidence interval suggests that the SRES scenarios do not span the range of not-implausible futures. Although the model can be calibrated to reflect structural changes in the economy, it cannot anticipate such changes. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12046

Carbon Emissions, Renewable Electricity and Profits:   Comparing Alternative Policies to Promote Anaerobic Digesters on Dairies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.; Sneeringer,   Stacy E.
Biogas recovery systems that use methane from manure to generate electricity have not been widely adopted in U.S. mainly because the costs of constructing and maintaining these systems have exceeded the value of the benefits provided.  Climate change mitigation and renewable energy policies could increase profits for the operators of such systems thereby making digester adoption more widespread.  For the U.S. Dairy sector, we examine digester adoption rates, emissions reductions, net returns, electricity generation, and program costs under different policy scenarios.  We find that 3% or fewer dairies would need to adopt digesters to meet the policy goals of reducing 25% of greenhouse gas emissions from dairy manure or generating one million megawatt hours...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Anaerobic digester; Methane; Dairy; Renewable electricity; Subsidy; Carbon offsets; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q5.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103440

Carbon Footprint: A New Farm Management Consideration in the Southern High Plains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weinheimer,   Justin; Rajan,   Nithya; Johnson,   Phillip N.; Maas,   Stephan.
As concerns continue to mount regarding man induced impacts to the global climate, the SHPT region could be faced with a unique scenario in which the net carbon balance should be considered in the producer’s enterprise selection and production systems. Currently, the SHPT produces nearly one third of the U.S. cotton crop. Under a potential cap and trade system the challenge for the agricultural industry in the SHPT may be how to sustain the region’s economic base and production capabilities. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure the net carbon relationships between irrigated cotton and irrigated corn production systems on the SHPT using data from the Texas Alliance for Water Conservation (TAWC, 2009). Due to the unique management and production...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cape and Trade; Carbon; Farm management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q18; Q28; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61760

Carbon Incentive Mechanisms and Land-Use Implications for Canadian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suchanek,   Pavel; Shaikh,   Sabina L.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This research examines effects of various factors on participation in agricultural tree plantations for economic, environmental, social and carbon-uptake purposes.  Using survey data from 2000 mail surveys of Canadian farmers, a discrete choice random utility analysis is used to determine probability of farmers' participation and the corresponding mean willingness to accept a tree-planting program.  Estimation results show that the required compensation for accepting a tree-planting program is higher than the compensation suggested by a normative approach
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20607

Carbon Kuznets Curves: Long-run Structural Dynamics and Policy Events
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Musolesi,   Antonio.
We study the structural differences among climate change leading ‘factors’ - Northern EU members -, and lagging actors - southern EU countries and the ‘Umbrella group’ - with regard to long run carbon-income relationships. Homogeneous and heterogeneous panel models show that the groups of countries less in favour of stringent climate policy have yet to experience a Kuznets curve, though they show relative delinking. Northern EU instead robustly shows bell shapes. Exogenous policy events such as the 1992 climate change convention appear to be relevant in shaping the EKC of Northern EU. In addition, other events such as the second oil price shock appear to have also impacted in shaping the long run emission/GDP dynamics.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Kuznets Curve; Panel Cointegration; Heterogeneous Panels; Cross-Section Correlation; Kyoto Framework; Bayesian Models; Policy Events; Long Run Dynamics; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; Q53.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55286

Carbon Labeling for Consumer Food Goods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shewmake,   Sharon; Okrent,   Abigail M.; Thabrew,   Lanka; Vandenbergh,   Michael.
We construct a model to predict how consumers will respond to better information about the carbon content of 42 foods and a nonfood composite as well as product categories through a label, and provide guidance as to what kinds of goods would provide the highest CO¬2eq emission reductions through a labeling scheme.   Our model assumes that consumers value their individual carbon footprint, allowing us to utilize estimates of own- and cross-price elasticities of demand from the literature on demand analysis. We make three different assumptions about how consumers currently value their carbon footprint and find that when a label informs consumers, their baseline perception matters.  We also find that carbon labels on alcohol and meat would achieve the largest...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon emissions; Food labeling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q53; D83; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124369

Carbon Leakage Revisited: Unilateral Climate Policy with Directed Technical Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Di Maria,   Corrado; van der Werf,   Edwin.
A common critique to the Kyoto Protocol is that the reduction in emissions of CO2 by countries who comply with it will be (partly) offset by the increase in emissions on the part of other countries (carbon leakage). This paper analyzes the effect of technical change on carbon leakage in a two-country model where only one of the countries enforces an exogenous cap on emissions. Climate policy induces changes in relative prices, which cause carbon leakage through a terms-of-trade effect. However, these changes in relative prices in addition affect the incentives to innovate in different sectors. We allow entrepreneurs to choose the sector for which they innovate (directed technical change). This leads to a counterbalancing induced-technology effect, which...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12056

Carbon Leakage with Forestation Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Drabik,   Dusan; Just,   David R.
This paper analyzes carbon leakage due to reduced emissions from deforestation (RED). We find that leakage with RED is good because the policy induces afforestation that contributes to a further carbon sequestration. By ignoring the domestic component of carbon leakage, the literature can either overestimate or underestimate leakage, depending on the magnitudes of the numerator and the denominator of the leakage formulas. Unlike the literature, we include the land and agricultural markets in the analysis of carbon leakage with forestation policies. In this model, carbon leakage depends on: (1) supply and demand elasticities of timber production and consumption, respectively in the country introducing a RED policy (Home country) and in the rest of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon leakage; Forestry; Reduced emissions from deforestation; Afforestation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q23; Q24; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103797

Carbon Leakage with International Technology Spillovers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerlagh,   Reyer; Kuik,   Onno.
In this paper we study the effect of international technology spillovers on carbon leakage. We first develop and analyse two simple competing models for carbon leakage. The first model represents the pollution haven hypothesis. It focuses on the international competition between firms that produce energy-intensive goods. The second model highlights the role of a globally integrated carbon-energy market. We calculate formulas for the leakage rates in both models and, through meta-analysis, show that the second model captures best the major mechanisms reported in the CGE literature on carbon leakage. We extend this model with endogenous energy-saving technology and international technology spillovers. This feature is shown to decrease carbon leakage. We...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon-Leakage; Climate Policy; Induced Technological Change; Trade and Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; O39; Q25; Q4.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9328

CARBON MARKET: BUSINESS INCENTIVES FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conejero,   Marco Antonio; Farina,   Elizabeth Maria Mercier Querido.
The Protocol resulting from the 1997 Conference of Parties in Kyoto finally set emission caps for several developed countries and introduced the possibility of market creation mechanisms on carbon emission trading.  The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was then created for emission trading between countries with caps and those with no caps.  The CDM market will pursue the opportunities for lowest costs on carbon reductions available in each country with no emission target, as is the case of Brazil.  The positive differentials of Brazil will only be realized if there is, mainly in national terms, a favorable atmosphere to the development of new business and the proper importance to the environmental commitments of reduction of the greenhouse effect.  The...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34415

Carbon Markets and Methane Digesters:  Potential Implications for the Dairy Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.; Sneeringer,   Stacy E.
Anaerobic digesters that capture and burn manure methane can provide a renewable source of energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Paying producers for these emission reductions—either directly or through a carbon offset market—could substantially increase digester adoption. However, there is likely to be wide variation in the scale, location, and characteristics of adopters, so these policies could have long run structural implications for the livestock sector. Using a model of digester profits and data from a nationally-representative survey of dairy operations we estimate the likely distribution of digester adoption and profits under different carbon price scenarios.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Anaerobic digester; Carbon offsets; Climate change; Distribution; Livestock; Methane; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q16; Q42; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117952

Carbon markets, transaction costs and bioenergy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cacho,   Oscar J.
Payment for carbon sequestration by agriculture and forestry can provide incentives for adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. However, a project involving contracts with farmers may face high transaction costs in showing that net emission reductions are real and attributable to the project. This paper presents a model of project participation that includes transaction and abatement costs. A project feasibility frontier (PFF) is derived, which shows the minimum project size that is feasible for any given market price of carbon. The PFF is used to analyse how the design of a climate mitigation program may affect the feasibility of actual projects.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Greenhouse Effect; Carbon Sequestration; Agroforestry; Transaction Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6007

Carbon Prices Required to Make Digesters Profitable on U.S. Dairy Farms of Different Sizes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lazarus,   William F.; Goodkind,   Andrew; Gallagher,   Paul W.; Conway,   Roger K.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/15/11.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Anaerobic digester; Biogas plant; Livestock manure; Electricity; Methane; Carbon offset value; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98628

CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CO-BENEFITS, AND CONSERVATION PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Kling,   Catherine L.; Gassman,   Philip W.
Land use changes to sequester carbon also provide "co-benefits," some of which (for example, water quality) have attracted at least as much attention as carbon storage. The non-separability of these co-benefits presents a challenge for policy design. If carbon markets are employed, then social efficiency will depend on how we take into account co-benefits, that is, externalities, in such markets. If carbon sequestration is incorporated into conservation programs, then the weight given to carbon sequestration relative to its co-benefits will partly shape these programs. Using the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) as an example, we show that CRP has been sequestering carbon, which was not an intended objective of the program. We also demonstrate that more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Co-benefits; Conservation Reserve Program; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18336

Carbon Sequestration, Co-Benefits, and Conservation Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Kling,   Catherine L.; Gassman,   Philip W.
Land retirement and other agricultural conservation actions contribute greenhouse gas offsets and water quality improvements and reduce erosion and nitrogen runoff. Shifting the programmatic focus to carbon would enhance C sequestration and reduce nitrogen runoff, but would likely increase erosion.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94004

Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils: A dynamic assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Cara,   Stephane; Rozakis,   Stelios.
We examine the spatial and dynamic implications of policies aimed at encouraging carbon sequestration in agricultural soils. We consider incentive mechanisms to encourage the planting of energy multi-annual crops that allow higher carbon sequestration rates for a longer period of time. By using a dynamic micro-economic model, we simulate the sequence of crop plantings over a given time horizon and investigate different payment mechanisms (per-ton or per-hectare). We discuss their implications in terms of regulation policy and efficiency.  This model is then applied to the Central Plains of Thessaly, Greece to assess the marginal costs of carbon sequestration and the optimal timing of switching to multi-annual energy crops. To do so, we couple the dynamic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21913

Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils: Discounting for Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.
The study presents a conceptual model of an aggregator who selectively pays farmers for altering farming practices in exchange for carbon offsets that the change in practices generates. Under the assumption that the offsets are stochastic and that the aggregator maximizes the sum of the offsets from the purchase that he/she can rightfully claim with a specified level of confidence subject to a budget constraint, we investigate the optimal discounting of expected carbon offsets. We use the model to estimate empirically the optimal discounting levels and costs for a hypothetical carbon purchasing project in the Upper Iowa River Basin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils; Offset discounting; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18551

Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture: an Offset Program versus Other Conservation Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Kling,   Catherine L.
In this paper, we study the social efficiency of private carbon markets that include trading in agricultural soil carbon sequestration when there are significant co-benefits (positive environmental externalities) associated with the practices that sequester carbon. Likewise, we investigate the efficiency of government run conservation programs that are designed to promote a broad array of environmental attributes (both carbon sequestration and its co-benefits) for the supply of carbon. Finally, policy design and efficiency issues associated with the potential interplay between a private carbon market and a government conservation program are studied. Empirical analyses for an area that represents a significant potential source of carbon sequestration and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19177

Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture: Value and Implementation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Zhao,   Jinhua; Kling,   Catherine L.
We investigate the value of carbon sequestration in a dynamic model, demonstrating that it is only a fraction of the value of emission abatement unless the sequestration, the natural decay rate of carbon and the discount rate.  We also show that to optimally reduce the carbon stock, sinks should be utilized as early as possible.  Further, we propose and assess three mechanisms to efficiently introduce sequestration into a carbon permit trading market, a pay-as-you-go system.  We show that, although the three mechanisms may not be equally feasible to implement, they are all efficient.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18380

Carbon Sequestration with Reforestations and Biodiversity-Scenic Values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caparros,   Alejandro; Cerda,   Emilio; Ovando,   P.; Campos,   Pablo.
This paper presents an optimal control model to analyze reforestations with two different species, including commercial values, carbon sequestration and biodiversity or scenic values. We solve the model qualitatively with general functions and discuss the implications of partial or total internalization of environmental values, showing that internalizing only carbon sequestration may have negative impacts on biodiversity-scenic values. To evaluate the practical relevance, we compare reforestations in the South-west of Spain with cork-oaks (a slow growing native species) and with eucalyptus (a fast growing alien species). We do the analysis with two different carbon crediting methods: the Carbon Flow Method and the Ton Year Accounting Method. With the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Optimal Control; Forests; Carbon; Sequestration; Biodiversity; Scenic; Stated Preferences; Carbon Accounting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q26; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9323

Carbon Sinks and Reservoirs: The Value of Permanence and Role of Discounting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benitez,   Pablo C.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Scientists are enthusiastic about storing carbon in terrestrial sinks and geological reservoirs in order to obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil-fuel use. Estimating relative costs of various options depends on how permanence is assessed and whether physical carbon is discounted. We demonstrate that, in carbon markets, terrestrial sinks credits cannot be traded one-for-one for emission reduction credits and the conversion factor would depend on how long sinks keep CO2 out of the atmosphere as compared with emission reductions and, discounting physical carbon. As a result, the authority could not determine a conversion factor and the market would be required to do so.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Carbon offset; Carbon sinks; Discounting physical carbon; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37018

Carbon Trading and No-Permanency of Agricultural Sequestration: Institutional Design and the Choice of Working Rules
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomassin,   Paul J.
The institutional development of a domestic carbon trading institution in Canada that includes carbon off-sets must address the problems of providing the appropriate incentives to generate carbon reductions and removals and the problem of non-permanency of sequestered carbon. The paper analyzes two rule sets to address these problems and estimates the economic impact of these sets.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21364

CATTLE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: WHAT'S THE BEEF?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conner,   J. Richard; Williams,   Gary W.; Dietrich,   Raymond A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27969

Causes of Multifunctionality: Externalities or Political Pressure?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baylis,   Katherine R.; Casamatta,   Georges; Peplow,   Stephen; Rausser,   Gordon C.; Simon,   Leo K.
The EU has argued that some agricultural subsidies are needed to provide the optimal amount of externalities (both positive and negative) produced by agriculture.  The argument is that agriculture is "multifunctional" and externalities such as rural development and landscape would be underproduced, while some forms of pollution (such as nitrogen runoff) would be overproduced without government intervention.  Meanwhile, the United States has raised the concern that multifunctionality is primarily an argument to transfer income to producers.  In this paper, we discuss the motivation for the EU agri-environmental measures and empirically test for those underlying causes.  We find that the programs are not targeted at those regions with the highest...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19297

CDM Potential for Rural Transition in China Case Study: Options in Yinzhou District, Zhejiang Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Xingshu; Michaelowa,   Axel.
This paper aims to examine the potential of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to address energy- related issues during the rural transition process in China, using a case study of quickly urbanizing and industrializing Yinzhou district in coastal Zhejiang province. Yinzhou's per capita GDP reached US$ 3100 in 2002, three times China's average, and is targeted to achieve $10,000 in 2020. We assess the current energy status of Yinzhou, and provide projections of energy consumption and CO2 emissions up to the year 2020. Energy resource shortages and limited possibilities to obtain coal-fired electricity from national grid illustrate the opening gap between energy supply and demand. We find that Yinzhou's CDM potential is concentrated in efficiency...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; China; Urbanization; Energy efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q 540; Q 580.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26152

CDM Potential of Dairy Sector in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sirohi,   Smita; Michaelowa,   Axel.
Among the co-operative mechanisms established under the Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism is the only one, which has the potential to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development by promoting environmentally friendly investment from industrialized country governments and businesses. Although, apart from nuclear energy and deforestation avoidance, all other projects are eligible under CDM, so far, the CDM projects have largely been confined to industrial sector and agricultural sector, in general has been left out. To assess the issues and opportunities presented by potential international markets for greenhouse gases offsets through the CDM and facilitate implementation of CDM in India, a National Startegy Study on CDM is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CDM; Agriculture; Dairy; India; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q54; Q18; O13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26281

CDM Projects in China's Energy Supply and Demand Sectors - Opportunities and Barriers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Jusen,   Asuka; Krause,   Karsten; Grimm,   Bernhard; Koch,   Tobias.
China has had an enormous growth of energy and electricity consumption during the last decades. This has been fuelled primarily by using domestic coal resources. Until 1997, annual construction of power stations averaged around 15 GW which was not sufficient to alleviate the demand surplus. Forecasts envisaged continuation of this growth. The majority of power stations is small scale and reather inefficient. Local air pollution is becoming very strong and is increasingly seen as a political issue. Foreign investment in the power sector has been hampered by bureaucracy and unclear competencies. On the demand side, energy efficiency has improved markedly in the last two decades, albeit from a very low basis. Due to the economic transformation, many proven...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26216

CEAGO VINEGARDEN: HOW GREEN IS YOUR WINE? ENVIRONMENTAL DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGY THROUGH ECO-LABELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delmas,   Magali A.; Doctori-Blass,   Vered; Shuster,   Kara.
wine eco-labeling case study
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Organic wine; Biodynamic wine; Labeling; Case study; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37326

Cereal price instability in Ethiopia: An examination of sources and policy options
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shahidur,   Rashid; Meron,   Assefa.
Managing food price instability is a long standing policy challenge, which, with mixed experiences of agricultural price policy reforms, has re-emerged as a contemporary policy issue. This is particularly true for Ethiopia, where managing food price stability continues to be a formidable policy challenge. The objective of this paper is to examine the underlying causes of cereal price instabilities and to assess the policy options to manage them. It undertakes three tasks: (a) analyzes the sources and degree of cereal price instability, (b) discusses the viability of various policy options, and (c) critically reviews the country’s past, ongoing, and emerging policies for food price stabilization. The results show that the determinants of price...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cereal; Policy; Price instability; Ethiopia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51999

Certification as a Rationale for Voluntary Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gonzalez,   Patrick.
I model the participation of firms in a voluntary agreement as a costly certification process whereby a firm informs the Regulator of its pollution intensity. Without this knowledge, the Regulator imposes the same tax on all firms in a heterogeneous industry, unduly hurting the clean ones with the lowest intensity. Certification allows clean firms to get a tax rebate. It also entails an informational externality as the dispersion of types decreases within the pool of non-participating firms, following an unraveling process. Because participation is a firm’s private decision, there is such a thing as a bad voluntary agreement.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Certification; Voluntary agreements; Pigovian taxes; Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; L51; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117827

CERTIFICATION ON SUSTAINABILITY IN THE BIOFUEL SECTOR: a case study on Brazilian ethanol
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zezza,   Annalisa.
This paper tries to identify under which conditions voluntary certification could be an answer to the governance of sustainability at global level. The study addresses the case of biofuel sustainability certification in Brazil and the role of the EU Directive on biofuels. The case study has permitted to identify and analyze some of these factors as the degree of dependence from foreign market, the policy environment, the structure of the supply chain, the benefits and costs associated to certification as well as some unintended consequences. The research has been conducted through a case study in the state of Sao Paolo (Brazil).
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Certification; Brazil; EU; Sustainability; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124112

CHALLENGES FOR AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES IN CEE COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zellei,   Anett.
All Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) have been going through a severe agricultural depression since their centrally planned economies collapsed in the early 1990s. It has now become clear that the transition process is far more complex and is likely to be much more protracted than was first expected. The agricultural policies of the Communist era resulted in considerable environmental problems, which are still present to varying degrees even after a considerable decrease in agricultural inputs during the past ten years. On the other hand, CEECs still retain a significant proportion of Europe's biodiversity. The existing low input and low intensity agriculture practised in these countries can be perceived in certain respects as an opportunity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18882

CHANGES IN INTRAHOUSEHOLD LABOR ALLOCATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS COLLECTION: A CASE STUDY FROM RURAL NEPAL, 1982 AND 1997
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cooke,   Priscilla A.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15922

CHANGES IN INTRAHOUSEHOLD LABOR ALLOCATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS COLLECTION: A CASE STUDY FROM RURAL NEPAL, 1982 AND 1997
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cooke,   Priscilla A.
This study explores the impact of changes in environmental conditions on intrahousehold labor allocation to the collection of environmental goods such as fuelwood and leaf fodder for a sample of rural Nepali households. Using household-level panel data collected in 1982 and 1997, the study finds that household collection time significantly increases with measures of environmental resource scarcity, and that the increase appears to come almost equally from men and women. Additionally, the results of this study indicate that household collection burdens are significantly lower in 1997 than in 1982, and that women have seen the largest decrease in their time spent collecting. The picture is not an entirely rosy one, however, as consumption of environmental...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16383

Changes In The Regulatory Environment Of New Zealand’s Marine Fisheries 1970 To 2003
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walshe,   Kim.
This paper evaluates changes in the fisheries regulation environment in New Zealand’s marine fisheries from 1970 to 2003. The quota management system was heralded as the introduction of a market based reform, with a move away from input controls to output controls. The QMS impacted primarily on the commercial sector but also the recreational sector. It was hypothesized (by policy advisors and policy makers) that the QMS would lead to less government intervention and less regulation for the commercial sector. The paper presents findings that suggest the expectations of policy makers may have been misplaced.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Regulation; Commercial and recreational fishing; QMS; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96663

Changes in the Spatial Allocation of Cropland in the Ft. Cobb Watershed as a Result of Environmental Restrictions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adams,   David L.; Boyer,   Tracy A.; Dicks,   Michael R.
Pollution runoff estimates from SWAT are used in a mathematical programming model to optimally model site-specific crop and conservation practices for pollution abatement in the Ft. Cobb watershed in Southwestern Oklahoma.  Results indicate the tradeoffs between producer income, sediment and nutrient runoff and the spatial allocation of crops in the watershed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35575

Changing Abundance of Elephants and Willingness to Pay for their Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandara,   Ranjith; Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper explores the way in which the stated willingness to pay for the conservation of Asian elephants in Sri Lanka varies with hypothetical variations in their abundance.  To do that, it relies on results from a sample of residents of Colombo.  The willingness to pay function is found to be unusual.  It increases at an increasing rate for hypothetical reductions in the elephant population compared to its current level (a level that makes the Asian elephant endangered) and also increases at a decreasing rate for increases in this population from its current level.  Rational explanations are given for this relationship.  The relationship is, however, at odds with relationships suggested in some of the literature for total economic value as a function of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asian elephant; Contingent valuation; Sri Lanka; Total economic value; Wildlife conservation; Willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90538

Changing consumption patterns: implications on food and water demand in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amarasinghe,   Upali A.; Shah,   Tushaar; Singh,   Om Prakash.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food consumption; Cereals; Water demand; Water use; Irrigated farming; Crop production; Grain Livestock; India; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44517

Changing Face of the Agri-Food Market: A Farmers Response and Possible Solutions from a Provincial Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matoti,   Bongiswa; Vink,   Nick; Bienabe,   Estelle.
The rise of supermarkets, together with large-scale food manufacturers, has deeply transformed agri-food markets in many countries. This expansion has been evident in South Africa as well. Increasing attention has been and is being paid to the growth of supermarkets in countries outside of North America and Europe. Numerous studies have been carried out in developing countries, including South Africa. However, these studies, while identifying the growth of supermarkets and the changes in supply chains, notably downstream, that have been caused by this growth, have made relatively little progress in documenting the impacts at producer level and in identifying issues that need to be addressed. There is a special need for studies on how farmers and supporting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52098

Changing Food Purchasing and Consumption Habits among Urban Middle-Classes in Hyderabad
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lohr,   Kerstin; Dittrich,   Christoph.
This preparatory case study provides an overview on the issue of changing food purchasing and food consumption habits among urban middle-classes in the South Indian emerging mega-city of Hyderabad. It analyses how food purchasing and dietary habits in this specific urban stratum are subject to profound changes due to increasing spending capacity and changing lifestyles in the context of economic liberalisation and globalisation processes. Another objective of the study examines health aspects of the changing food consumption habits. While nutrition research previously focused on the serious problem of undernutrition- related nutrient deficits, recent data shows that overweight and nutrition-related chronic diseases are more and more becoming serious...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Urban food problems; Urban middle-class; Hyderabad; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36908

Changing the Allocation Rules in the EU ETS: Impact on Competitiveness and Economic Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demailly,   Damien; Quirion,   Philippe.
We assess five proposals for the future of the EU greenhouse gas Emission Trading Scheme (ETS): pure grandfathering allocation of emission allowances (GF), output-based allocation (OB), auctioning (AU), auctioning with border adjustments (AU-BA), and finally output-based allocation in sectors exposed to international competition combined with auctioning in electricity generation (OB-AU). We look at the impact on production, trade, CO2 leakage and welfare. We use a partial equilibrium model of the EU 27 featuring three sectors covered by the EU ETS – cement, steel and electricity – plus the aluminium sector, which is indirectly impacted through a rise in electricity price. The leakage ratio, i.e. the increase in emissions abroad over the decrease in EU...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emission Trading; Allowance Allocation; Leakage; Spillover; Climate Policy; Kyoto Protocol; Border Adjustment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46623

Changing the direction of environmental investment in Australia: Learnings from implementing INFFER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   Sally P.; Curatolo,   April; Pannell,   David J.; Park,   Geoff; Roberts,   Anna M.; Alexander,   Jennifer.
Investment in natural resource management (NRM) by regional organisations in Australia has been widely criticised for failing to achieve substantial environmental outcomes. The Investment Framework for Environmental Resources (INFFER) is a tool for developing and prioritising projects to address environmental issues such as water quality, biodiversity decline, environmental pest impacts and land degradation. INFFER is an asset-based, targeted, and outcome-focussed approach to environmental investment, and as such is a very different and more rigorous approach to prioritising possible environmental projects than used previously by most catchment management organisations (CMOs) in Australia. From 2008 to 2010 INFFER has been trialled with CMOs. Evaluation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: NRM investment planning; NRM investment prioritisation; Regional catchment management organisations; NRM policy; Environmental planning; Environmental prioritisation; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q50; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100584

Characteristics and Expenditures of Nonresident Sportsmen in North Dakota in 1983
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Randall S.; Leitch,   Jay A.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120748

Characteristics, Expenditures, and Economic Impact of Resident and Nonresident Hunters and Anglers in North Dakota, 1990-91 Season
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baltezore,   James F.; Leitch,   Jay A.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121176

Characteristics of environmentally conscious production behaviour in agricultural waste management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kormosne-Koch,   Krisztina.
When measuring environmentally conscious behaviour and determining its variables, focus often lies only on consumers, but environmental conservation requires not only the consumers’ but also the producers’ input. After defining environmentally conscious behaviour, I utilized the market research method to determine how participating in agri-environmental programs and subsidies affects producers’ environmental consciousness and waste management behaviour. The research result indicates that participation in agri-environmental programs develops producers’ environmental sensitivity, and improves their environmentally conscious behaviour, and this even holds true for waste management, which is not directly not subsidized by the programs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmentally conscious behaviour; Agri-environmental program; Survey; Agricultural waste management; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46664

Characterizing Spatial Pattern in Ecosystem Service Values when Distance Decay Doesn’t Apply: Choice Experiments and Local Indicators of Spatial Association
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnston,   Robert J.; Ramachandran,   Mahesh; Schultz,   Eric T.; Segerson,   Kathleen; Besedin,   Elena Y.
Stated preference analyses commonly impose strong and unrealistic assumptions in response to spatial welfare heterogeneity. These include spatial homogeneity or continuous distance decay. Despite their ubiquity in the valuation literature, global assumptions such as these have been increasingly abandoned by non-economics disciplines in favor of approaches that allow for spatial patchiness. This paper develops parallel methods to evaluate local patchiness and hot spots in stated preference welfare estimates, characterizing relevant patterns overlooked by traditional approaches.  The analysis draws from a choice experiment addressing river restoration. Results demonstrate shortcomings in standard treatments of spatial heterogeneity and insights available...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Willingness to Pay; Hot Spot; Stated Preference; Ecosystem Service; Valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103374

Charging for irrigation water:  The issues and options, with a case study from Iran
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perry,   Christopher J.
Inadequate funding for maintenance of irrigation works and emerging shortages of water are prevalent. The use of water charges to generate resources for maintenance and to reduce demand is widely advocated. Examples from other utilities, and from the domestic/industrial sectors of water supply suggest the approach could be effective. In developing countries, the facilities required for measured and controlled delivery of irrigation are rarely in place, and would require a massive investment in physical, legal and administrative infrastructure. To be effective in curtailing demand, the marginal price of water must be significant. The price levels required to cover operation and maintenance (O&amp;M) costs are too low to have a substantial impact on demand,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Productivity; Water allocation; Water use efficiency; Operations; Maintenance; Cost recovery; User charges; Water rates; Pricing; River basins; Water shortage; Economic aspects; Salinity; Case studies; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44567

Charging into the Blend Wall: Conjoint Analysis of Consumer Willingness to Pay for Ethanol Blend Fuels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aguilar,   Francisco X.; Thompson,   Wyatt.
Ethanol use in the U.S. rose sharply in recent years due to public policy and a spike in petroleum prices, and remains high. Public support for ethanol includes mandated minimum levels of use nationwide. However, rather little is known about consumer demand for ethanol and much less about demand by type of blend and ethanol source. We used trial survey data and conjoint analysis to overcome the lack of historical data on consumers’ preferences for ethanol blend fuels. Preliminary findings based on responses from vehicle drivers in Missouri suggest that price is the primary factor behind fuel preferences. The disclosure of ethanol originated from woody feedstocks had a significant effect on preferences ceteris paribus. Ethanol blends of 20 percent had a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol blend fuels; Consumers’ willingness to pay; Choice-based model; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61772

CHEATING ON NONPOINT MARGIN: HOW MUCH MIGHT IT COST?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.
Trading of pollution permits with banking and borrowing can achieve an optimal distribution of abatement across agents and time.  However, when the environmental constraint is binding under imperfectly observed abatement practices, there is an incentive for sources to misrepresent their activities.  This cheating can erode the efficiency of a permit system in achieving an environmental standard, but it is shown that this incentive to cheat causes similar efficiency losses in a command-and-control mechanism employing a uniform reduction policy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nonpoint pollution; Emissions trading system; Asymmetric information.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21856

Chemical Use Reductions in Urban Fringe Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adelaja,   Adesoji O.; Sullivan,   Kevin P.; Hailu,   Yohannes G.; Govindasamy,   Ramu.
Using an augmented profit function framework designed to account for externalities related to chemical use in agriculture, this paper explains the chemical use choices of farmers in an urban fringe farming environment. It further estimates empirical logit models of reduced insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, and fertilizer usage. Results suggest that farmers who perceive their regulatory environment to be strict, who have experienced right-to-farm conflicts, and who have farms larger in size are more likely to reduce their chemical use over time, vis-à-vis other farmers. The results also suggest the importance of other farm structural and business climate factors in determining chemical use reduction choices.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Chemical use; Sustainable agriculture; Herbicides; Fungicides; Fertilizer; Pesticides; Urban fringe; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95646

China’s Agri-food Trade (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rae,   Allan N.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97620

China's Economic Performance and Transition in Relation to Globalisation: From Isolation to Centre-Stage?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper considers China’s global economic situation in relation to the general process of globalisation.  After discussing the general process of economic globalisation, it examines political change and transition of the former communist planned economies, especially China’s, and their impact on globalisation.  Then it provides measures of the recent expansion of economic globalisation and China’s involvement in this process.  Positive and negative socioeconomic impacts of globalisation are highlighted.  China’s progress in catching up with more developed economies and the dynamics of its economic growth and future prospects for this growth are examined in a global context.  The question is posed of whether globalisation is likely to result in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Globalisation; China; Global environmental impacts; Natural resources; China's economic growth.; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90544

China's Environmental Problems with Particular Attention to its Energy Supply and Air Quality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Pollution; Natural resource conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53634

Chinas langer Marsch zur Umweltrevolution: Umweltprobleme und Umweltpolitik der Chinesischen Volksrepublik
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bohnet,   Michael.
Environmental politics, China
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48192

Choice Experiment Framing and Incentive Compatibility: observations from public focus groups
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCartney,   Abbie; Cleland,   Jonelle.
The hypothetical nature of choice modelling surveys makes it difficult to enforce incentive compatible properties. It is thought that bias may result through strategic behaviour and untruthful responses, given that the hypothetical choice scenarios and payment structure are not binding. This study examines three methods of addressing incentive compatibility through survey framing: (1) a statement of consequence; (2) use of an ‘honesty’ script that openly explains how the data are to be analysed and used; and (3) use of a provision rule that defines how survey outcomes relate to actual implementation. Focus groups, involving members of the public, were held to investigate participants’ reactions to the three framing treatments. The provision rule emerged as...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107575

Choice Experiments: identifying preferences or production functions?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gibson,   Fiona L.; Burton,   Michael P.
This report presents an alternative perspective on how respondents consider choice experiment options.    Building on the ‘new’ model of consumer demand by Stigler and Becker (1977), the report suggests that the attributes within choice experiments are not valued directly. Rather, they are used to generate higher-level improvement in the environment (‘constructs’). This implies that to achieve the environmental outcome, what are currently viewed as marginal utilities of attributes are in fact marginal utilities mixed with (subjective) marginal productivity of the attribute.    The research report also proposes that hierarchical Information integration methods may allow separate identification of the utility and production functions, and the individual...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94889

Choice modelling in the development of natural resource management strategies in NSW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazur,   Kasia; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Protecting environmental services generates social benefits. At the same time, private landholders supplying these benefits may face some costs. To provide these services efficiently, policy makers need information about community values for the environment as well as landholders’ costs.   This study explores how choice modelling (a non-market valuation technique) is used to estimate comment values. These include use and non-use values for increasing environmental quality in NSW catchments. Non-market valuation techniques for estimating environmental values are reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of methodological aspects of the choice modelling technique and its potential as a regional planning tool for Catchment Management Authorities (CMA’s)
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Nonmarket valuation; Choice modelling; Trade-offs; Bio-physical modelling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94716

CHOOSING ALTERNATIVES TO CONTAMINATED GROUND WATER SUPPLIES: A SEQUENTIAL DECISION FRAMEWORK UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sarnat,   Carol L.; Willis,   Cleve E.; Harper,   Carolyn R.
In increasing numbers, communities that rely on groundwater for drinking supplies have discovered contamination from agricultural pesticides and herbicides, road salt, underground fuel storage, and septic systems.  A variety of short- and long-run remedies are available with highly uncertain outcomes.  An appropriate technique for solving a benefit-cost problem of this type is a sequential decision framework using stochastic dynamic programming procedures for solution.  The approach is illustrated here by means of an application to the problem of the recent contamination of the groundwater of Whately, Massachusetts by the agricultural fumigant EDB and the pesticide aldicarb.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28981

Cities versus agriculture: Revisiting intersectoral water transfers, potential gains and conflicts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molle,   Francois; Berkoff,   Jeremy.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water scarcity; Water demand; Water transfer; Water use; Water supply; Water allocation; Environmental effects; Water market; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91817

CIVIC ENVIRONMENTALISM AND NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: REFORM OR ROLLBACK?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: John,   DeWitt.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17046

Civil Economy and Civilized Economics: Essentials for Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodwin,   Neva R.
This essay will consider the relevance of the social sciences - especially economics - to the foundations of sustainable development. Looming environmental crises have served as a prime motivating force for reevaluating fundamental principles. In particular, the concept of sustainability, carrying with it clear requirements for values, goals and ethics, has begun to reshape economics. The broadest conception of sustainability is found if we understand sustainable development to mean Socially And Environmentally Just And Sustainable development - "SAEJAS development". Throughout the paper we will see examples of rules, or norms, that serve to organize human behavior without requiring that everything be rethought all the time. Among these may be found some...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15591

Cleaning Up the Nuclear Weapons Complex: Exploring New Approaches
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Probst,   Katherine N.; Pilling,   Carolyn A.; Dunn,   Karen T.
In recent years, policy experts have increasingly decried the "piecemeal" approach to environmental protection embodied in existing laws and regulations. This paper analyzes one aspect of the call for more integration: the feasibility and advisability of developing an integrated approach to regulating the cleanup of the nation's nuclear weapons complex. The Cold War has left an unprecedented set of difficulties at sites across the country where vast quantities of hazardous and radioactive materials must be properly managed. Regulatory fragmentation--particularly the phenomenon of multiple regulators and regulations driving the allocation of resources in an uncoordinated fashion--is nowhere more evident than in the current statutory and regulatory framework...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nuclear weapons complex; Integration; Environmental law; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; H56; K32; Q28.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10765

Climate Change Adaptation, Development, and International Financial Support: Lessons from EU Pre-Accession and Solidarity Funds
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Przyluski,   Valentin; Hallegatte,   Stephane.
Funding adaptation requires adequate governance and there are different ways to organise and channel the funds to where it is most efficient and most necessary. This paper investigates this issue and studies the practical implementation of a development under conditionality, namely adaptation-development, and its requirement in terms of financing architecture. To contribute to this research, it looks at similar problems that have been met in the past, namely the European funding programs for Eastern Europe countries that were candidates to adhesion, and European internal structural and cohesion funds. These funding examples provide a pertinent analogy for the adaptation problem, and most issues in adaptation finance have also been met in these funds...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Development; Climate Change Adaptation; Foreign Aid; European Union; Pre-acccession and Solidarity Funds; Environmental Economics and Policy; E61; F35; O19; O2; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98095

CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURE, AND DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Winters,   Paul C.; Murgai,   Rinku; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth; de Janvry,   Alain.
The impact of global climate change on the less developed countries is analyzed using archetype CGE-multimarket models for three economies representing the poor cereal importing nations of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.  The objective is to predict the differential impact of climate change across continents on macroeconomic variables, sectoral responses, and household income and food consumption effects, particularly among the poorest.  Results show that all these countries will lose and that their agricultural outputs will fall, but that Africa will be by far the most severely affected.  Countervailing policies to mitigate negative effects should focus on the production of food crops in Africa and of export crops in Latin America and Asia.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25079

CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURE AND POVERTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.; Rosch,   Stephanie D.
Even though much has been written about climate change and poverty as distinct and complex problems, the link between them has received little attention. Understanding this link is vital for the formulation of effective policy responses to climate change. In this article, we focus on agriculture as a primary means by which the impacts of climate change are transmitted to the poor, and as a sector at the forefront of climate change mitigation efforts in developing countries. In so doing, we offer some important insights that may help shape future policies as well as ongoing research in this area.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91437

CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURE, AND WATER QUALITY IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abler,   David G.; Shortle,   James S.; Carmichael,   Jeffrey J.; Horan,   Richard D.
Owing to the fundamental importance of food to human welfare and of climate to crop and livestock production, agriculture has been a focus of research on the impacts of climate change and variability.  This research has been largely concerned with implications for the supply and cost of food and for producer incomes.  Societal interest in agriculture is, however, much broader than these issues.  Agriculture is a source of several positive and negative environmental externalities.  Several studies have been directed at the effects of climate change on the negative environmental externalities from agricultural production, including runoff, leaching, and erosion.  These studies excel at modeling the biological and physical relationships and processes...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20504

CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaiser,   Harry M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29020

Climate Change and Agriculture: Economic Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antle,   John M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1; Q2; Q3; Q4.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94495

Climate Change and Agriculture In South Asia: Looking for An Optimal Trade Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laborde,   David.
This paper aims to study how alternative trade policies will help mitigate the effects of climate change in agriculture in South Asia. We use a modified version of MIRAGE CGE for long term projections and allowing modeling of climate change effects (impact on yield) at a subregional level (163 geographical units at the world level) to simulate the effects of 13 SRES scenarios in 8 different trade policy landscapes. Based on these results, we discuss the ranking of trade policy options based on expected values but also in terms of variance using the theory of decision in uncertainty. Choices between unilateral and regional strategies for the countries of the sub regions are compared. Our results confirm that South Asia will be one of the most adversely...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Trade Policy; Computable General Equilibrium; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q54; C68; N5; N75; O24; F13; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104526

Climate change and Australia’s comparative advantage in broadacre agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanderson,   Todd; Ahmadi-Esfahani,   Fredoun Z.
Australia has long been a major exporter of the products of broadacre agriculture, a production system well suited to the economic and climatic conditions of the country. According to the conventional wisdom, Australia holds a comparative advantage in these products, among which wheat and livestock products predominate. However, the future validity of this proposition is sensitive to the projected impacts of climate change. This paper develops a framework with which to quantify the future patterns of comparative advantage in broadacre agriculture given the projections of several global climate models. We find empirical support for the conventional wisdom, and note substantial resilience in Australia’s comparative advantage to adverse yield change.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comparative advantage; Climate change; Broadacre agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96493

Climate change and climate uncertainty in the Murray-Darling Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adamson,   David; Mallawaarachchi,   Thilak; Quiggin,   John C.
Human activity has modified the environment at all scales from the smallest ecosystems to the global climate systems. In the analysis of the Murray-Darling Basin, it is necessary to take account of effects of human activity ranging from local changes in water tables and soil structure through basin-level effects of the expansion of irrigation to changes in precipitation pattern arising from the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In this paper, we analyse the impact of, and adjustments to, climate change in the Murray-Darling Basin, using a simulation model that incorporates a state-contingent representation of uncertainty.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10361

CLIMATE CHANGE AND CROP YIELD DISTRIBUTION: SOME NEW EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA MODELS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CROP INSURANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Ching-Cheng; Chen,   Chi-Chung.
This study examines the impact of climate on yield for seven major crops in Taiwan based on a pooled panel data of 15 counties over the period 1977-1996.  Unit-root tests and maximum likelihood methods are explored to obtain reliable estimates. Results suggest that climate has diversified impacts on crop yields and their variability.  A simple crop insurance model by Ahsan, Ali, and Kurian (1982) is shown how crop yield distribution can be the base to calculate the premium and indemnity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19589

Climate Change and Emissions Trading (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Collins,   Julie.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97617

Climate Change and Extreme Events: An Assessment of Economic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Calzadilla,   Alvaro; Pauli,   Francesco; Roson,   Roberto.
We use a general equilibrium model of the world economy, and a regional economic growth model, to assess the economic implications of vulnerability from extreme meteorological events, induced by the climate change. In particular, we first consider the impact of climate change on ENSO and NAO oceanic oscillations and, subsequently, the implied variation on regional expected damages. We found that expected damages from extreme events are increasing in the United States, Europe and Russia,  and Russia, and decreasing in energy exporting countries. Two economic implications are taken into account: (1) short-term impacts, due to changes in the demand structure, generated by higher/lower precautionary saving, and (2) variations  in regional economic growth...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12055

Climate Change and Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Darwin,   Roy.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33645

Climate change and food security to 2030: a global economy-wide perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Anderson,   Kym.
The effects of climate change on agriculture raise major food security concerns. We use a global economy-wide model to assess the effects on farm product prices of expected yield changes. Also modelled is an expected adverse effect of higher temperatures and humidity in the tropics on the productivity of unskilled workers in developing countries. Given the degrees of uncertainty about plausible effects of climate change, our modelling accounts for a range of yield productivity and labor shocks. The results entail consequences for international agricultural prices, national food consumption, self sufficiency, net farm income and economic welfare.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Crop and labor productivity growth; Global economy-wide model projections; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; D58; F17; Q17; Q24; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117616

Climate Change and Forest Ecosystem Sinks: Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Eagle,   Alison J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18152

Climate Change and Forest Sinks: Factors Affecting the Costs of Carbon Sequestration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Newell,   Richard G.; Stavins,   Robert N.
The possibility of encouraging the growth of forests as a means of sequestering carbon dioxide has received considerable attention because of concerns about the threat of global climate change due to the greenhouse effect. In fact, this approach is an explicit element of both U.S. and international climate policies, partly because of evidence that growing trees to sequester carbon can be a relatively inexpensive means of combating climate change. But how sensitive are such estimates to specific conditions? We examine the sensitivity of carbon sequestration costs to changes in critical factors, including the nature of the management and deforestation regimes, silvicultural species, agricultural prices, and discount rates. We find, somewhat...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10559

Climate Change and Game Theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wood,   Peter John.
This survey paper examines the problem of achieving global cooperation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Contributions to this problem are reviewed from non-cooperative game theory, cooperative game theory, and implementation theory. Solutions to games where players have a continuous choice about how much to pollute, games where players make decisions about treaty participation, and games where players make decisions about treaty ratification, are examined. The implications of linking cooperation on climate change with cooperation on other issues, such as trade, is examined. Cooperative and non-cooperative approaches to coalition formation are investigated in order to examine the behaviour of coalitions cooperating on climate change. One way to achieve...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change negotiations; Game theory; Implementation theory; Coalition formation; Subgame perfect equilibrium; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95061

CLIMATE CHANGE AND GRAIN PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES: COMPARING AGRO-CLIMATIC AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Zhuang; Mount,   Timothy D.; Kaiser,   Harry M.
The analysis is based on an integrated climatic, agronomic and economic model of grain production in the midwestern region of the U.S. The model represents a typical farm and the objective is to select an optimum combination of cultivars for four crops (maize, soybean, wheat and sorghum) conditionally on climate, soil characteristics and the prices of the four crops. The first part of the analysis uses a complete two-way factorial design to estimate the effects of five climatic and agronomic variables and the four prices on yields, total production and net return. With this design, variability can be allocated uniquely to individual explanatory variables. As expected, prices have little effect on yields. For total production and net return, temperature and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6846

Climate Change and Individual Decision Making: An Examination of Knowledge, Risk Perception, Self-interest and Their Interplay
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pongiglione,   Francesca.
In this essay, three separate yet interconnected components of pro-environmental decision making are considered: (a) knowledge, in the form of basic scientific understanding and procedural knowledge, (b) risk perception, as it relates to an individual’s direct experience of climate change and (c) self-interest, either monetary or status-driven. Drawing on a variety of sources in public policy, psychology, and economics, I examine the role of these concepts in inducing or discouraging pro-environmental behavior. Past researches have often overemphasized the weight of just one of those variables in the decision making. I argue, instead, that none of them alone is capable of bringing about the behavioral change required by the environmental crisis.  Evidence...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Individual Behavior; Climate-Change; Psychology; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; D03; D80; Q00.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119094

CLIMATE CHANGE AND PRODUCTION RISK IN CHINESE AQUACULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holst,   Rainer; Yu,   Xiaohua.
Drawing on the method developed by Just and Pope (1978, 1979), this paper separately analyzes the marginal contributions of both regular input factors and climate factors to mean output and to production risk in Chinese inland aquaculture. Furthermore, the net change in output following a 1°C increase in annual average temperature will be determined. According to the results obtained, the impending changes in global climate will have both positive and negative impacts. While an increment in annual average temperatures will increase mean output and decrease production risk, an increase in temperature variability will reduce mean output and cause a higher level of production risk. The corresponding measures of precipitation however have no significant impact...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Climate change; Production risk; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q1; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91275

Climate Change and Texas Water Planning: an Economic Analysis of Inter-basin Water Transfers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cai,   Yongxia; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Panel models with random effects are used to estimate how climate influences in-stream surface water supply, municipal water demand, crop yields and irrigation water use. The results are added into TEXRIVERSIM, a state wide economic, hydrological, environmental and inter-basin water transfer (IBTs) investment model, through the objective function and hydrological constraints. A climate change related scenario analysis from the Global Circulation Models (GCMs)--Hadley, Canadian, BCCR and NCAR with SRES scenarios A1B, B1, and A2 indicates that inter-basin water transfers not only greatly relax water scarcity problems for major cities and industrial counties, but also create growth opportunity for Houston. However, while destination basins receive the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Inter-basin Water Transfers; Water Scarcity; Environmental Stream Flows; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49933

Climate Change and the Economics of Farm Management in the Face of Land Degradation: Dryland Salinity in Western Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: John,   Michele; Pannell,   David J.; Kingwell,   Ross S.
Paper removed at request of authors 08/03/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dryland salinity; Climate change; Low rainfall agriculture; Land degradation; Whole farm bioeconomic modelling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25800

Climate Change and Tourism in Tuscany, Italy. What if heat becomes unbearable?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cai,   Mattia; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Ferrise,   Roberto; Moriondo,   Marco; Bindi,   Marco.
This paper investigates the empirical magnitude of climate conditions on tourist flows in Tuscany, exploring the use of a fine spatial scale analysis. In fact, we explore the use of an 8-year panel dataset of Tuscany’s 254 municipalities, examining how tourist inflows respond to variation in local weather conditions. In particular, as the area enjoys a fairly mild Mediterranean climate, our analysis focused on temperature extremes at key times of the tourist season, i.e., on maximum summer temperature and minimum winter temperature. Separate analyses are conducted for domestic and international tourists, so as to test the differences in the preferences among these distinct groups (or types of demand). Estimation results show the impact of climate change on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Domestic Tourists; International Tourists; Municipalities; Maximum And Minimum Daily Temperature; Dynamic Model; Temperature Demand Elasticity; GMM; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; D01; L83.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115851

Climate Change Assessment and Agriculture in General Equilibrium Models: Alternative Modeling Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palatnik,   Ruslana Rachel; Roson,   Roberto.
Agricultural sectors play a key role in the economics of climate change. Land as an input to agricultural production is one of the most important links between economy and the biosphere, representing a direct projection of human action on the natural environment. Agricultural management practices and cropping patterns have a vast effect on biogeochemical cycles, freshwater availability and soil quality. Agriculture also plays an important role in emitting and storing greenhouse gases. Thus, to consistently investigate climate policy and future pathways for the economic and natural environment, a realistic representation of agricultural land-use is essential. Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models have increasingly been used to this purpose. CGE models...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium (CGE); Partial Equilibrium (PE); Agriculture; Land Use; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; D58; Q24; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54284

Climate Change Catastrophes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.
Most studies that compare price and quantity controls for greenhouse gas emissions under uncertainty find that price mechanisms perform substantially better. In these studies, the benefits from reducing emissions are proportional to the level of reductions, and such linear benefits strongly favor price policies (Weitzman 1974). Catastrophic damages, however, challenge that intuition as consequences become highly nonlinear. Catastrophe avoidance offers huge benefits, and incremental adjustments on either side of the associated threshold are relatively unimportant, suggesting a strong preference for quantity controls. This paper shows that with catastrophic damages, both price and quantity mechanisms offer large gains over the business-as-usual alternative,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Global warming; Prices versus quantities; Stock externalities; Integrated assessment; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; D81; C68.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10499

CLIMATE CHANGE CONCERNS FROM A REINSURER'S PERSPECTIVE: Climate change calls for efficient risk management in agriculture (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhr,   Lambert.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90767

Climate Change Economics and Policy in the Asia Pacific
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jotzo,   Frank.
The Asia-Pacific region is the major source of global growth in greenhouse gas emissions. Strong action is needed in Asian countries, particularly China and India, to reduce these global emissions. Driven by the desire to limit energy consumption, some Asian countries already have domestic policies to limit greenhouse gas emission. But much more ambitious policies are needed to turn emission trends around. This research report examines the implications of international efforts to mitigate the impacts of human activity on climate in the Asia-Pacific region.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate change policy; Indonesia; CDM; Central-local coordination; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94811

CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS AND AGRICULTURAL SECTOR. ANY PERSPECTIVE FOR AN EUROPEAN RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cucuzza,   Giuseppe.
The struggle against climate change represents one of the ‘new challenges’ which agriculture will have to face in the immediate future. The “Health Check” of the Common Agricultural Policy together with questions about the efficacy and simplification of the direct aid system and the adaptation of support tools for the European Union market, give climate change a central role in the relationship between agriculture and the environment, in that they are considered likely to affect the chances of success in terms of bioenergy increase and a more efficient management of hydro resources (Com 2007/722 fin). Agriculture being subject to the effects generated by climate change should identify and develop solutions that will favour the adaptation of cultivation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44863

Climate Change Feedback on Economic Growth: Explorations with a Dynamic General Equilibrium Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eboli,   Fabio; Parrado,   Ramiro; Roson,   Roberto.
Human-generated greenhouse gases depend on the level of economic activity. Therefore, most climate change studies are based on models and scenarios of economic growth. Economic growth itself, however, is likely to be affected by climate change impacts. These impacts affect the economy in multiple and complex ways: changes in productivity, resource endowments, production and consumption patterns. We use a new dynamic, multi-regional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of the world economy to answer the following questions: Will climate change impacts significantly affect growth and wealth distribution in the world? Should forecasts of human-induced greenhouse gases emissions be revised, once climate change impacts are taken into account? We found...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52339

Climate change: Impact on agriculture and costs of adaptation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nelson,   Gerald C.; Rosegrant,   Mark W.; Koo,   Jawoo; Robertson,   Richard D.; Sulser,   Timothy B.; Zhu,   Tingju; Ringler,   Claudia; Msangi,   Siwa; Palazzo,   Amanada; Batka,   Miroslav; Magalhaes,   Marilia Castelo; Valmonte-Santos,   Rowena A.; Ewing,   Mandy; Lee,   David R.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57371

Climate Change Impact on Rice Yield and Production Risk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Man-Keun; Pang,   Arwin.
The relationship among rice yield and weather variables in Korea is explored using a stochastic production function. The results reveal that average rice yield is positively related to temperature and negatively associated with precipitation. Both temperature and precipitation, which are risk-increasing inputs, are positively related to rice yield variability. The widened yield variability can be transferred to the fluctuation of rice production and rice price instability. Larger market risk is expected in the future since both temperature and precipitation are anticipated to increase. An evaluation of climate change impact on rice yield variability reveals that it may increase by up to 10%~20%. Reducing yield variability and managing market risk would be...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Production risk; Stochastic production function; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90682

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Forestry: Responses by Trees and Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alig,   Ralph J.; Adams,   Darius M.; Joyce,   Linda; Sohngen,   Brent.
Total US forestry production is estimated to increase over the next century under several climate change projections. Consumers would likely benefit from lower prices, although profitability in the industry could decline. Regional shifts could well occur, with the Southern US forest industry appearing most susceptible.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93984

Climate change impacts and adaptation in Nepal.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bartlett,   Ryan; Bharati,   Luna; Pant,   Dhruba; Hosterman,   Heather; McCornick,   Peter G.
The impact of climate change (CC) on water resources is likely to affect agricultural systems and food security. This is especially true for Nepal, a least developed country, where a high percentage of the population is dependent on agriculture for its livelihoods. It is thus crucial for Nepal’s leaders and resource managers to draft and begin implementing national adaptation plans. This working paper aims to create a more comprehensive understanding of how the impacts of CC will be realized at different scales in Nepal, from household livelihoods to national food security, and the many institutions governing the ultimate adaptation process.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Impact assessment; Adaptation; National planning; Institutions; Water resource management; Social aspects; Political aspects; River basins; Runoff; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108670

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies In Italy. An Economic Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carraro,   Carlo; Sgobbi,   Alessandra.
In this paper, the economic value of the impacts of climate change is assessed for different Italian economic sectors and regions. Sectoral and regional impacts are then aggregated to provide a macroeconomic estimate of variations in GDP induced by climate change in the next decades. Autonomous adaptation induced by changes in relative prices and in stocks of natural and economic resources is fully taken into account. The model also considers international trade effects. Results show that in Italy aggregate GDP losses induced by climate change are likely to be small. However, some economic sectors (e.g. tourism) and the alpine regions will suffer significant economic damages.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Impacts; Climate Change; Adaptation; GDP Losses; Tourism; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q43; Q5; R13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6373

Climate change impacts on crop risks and agricultural production in Finland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lehtonen,   Heikki; Kujala,   Sanna.
Climate Change is expected to improve crop production conditions significantly in northern Europe. In some studies a significant increase in agricultural production is expected in northern Europe while drought is becoming gradually more severe in Southern Europe and France due to climate change. Our analysis provides one of the first steps in evaluating the possible scale of changes in agricultural production and use of farm land in Finland, so far one of the least favoured agricultural areas in Europe.   Drought in early summer and low temperature sum during growing period are currently the main growth limiting factors in Finland. Even though the early part of the growing period is likely to be dry also in the future, both mean and variance of crop yields...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Agriculture; Risk aversion; Mean-variance analysis; Sector models; Optimization; Crop production; Finland; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9259

Climate change impacts on hydrology and water resources of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Ungtae; Kaluarachchi,   Jagath J.; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.
The report evaluates the impacts of climate change on the hydrological regime and water resources of the Blue Nile River Basin in Ethiopia. It starts from the construction of the climate change scenarios based on the outcomes of several general circulation models (GCMs), uses a simple hydrological model to convert theses scenarios into runoff, and examines the impacts by means of a set of indices. The results, however uncertain with existing accuracy of climate models, suggest that the region is likely to have the future potential to produce hydropower, increase flow duration, and increase water storage capacity without affecting outflows to the riparian countries in the 2050s.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Hydrology; River basins; Runoff; Precipitation; Models; Dams; Operating policies; Water power; Drought; Analysis; Africa; Ethiopia; Egypt; Sudan; Upper Blue Nile River Basin; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53025

Climate Change Impacts on Investment in Crop Sowing Machinery
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kingwell,   Ross S.; Farre,   Imma.
Down-scaled global circulation modelling is combined with wheat growth simulation modelling to generate yield responses to times of sowing under current and projected climatic conditions for several locations in the grainbelt of Western Australia. A model for investment in crop sowing machinery draws on these simulated yield relationships at each location and is used to determine a farmer’s optimal investment in crop sowing work rate capacity under current and projected climate regimes. The key finding is that at most locations the projected change in climate has marked impacts on profit distributions from grain production, yet mostly modest changes in the farmer’s investment in machinery work rate form part of the profit-maximising response to climate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Farm machinery; Farm management; Machinery investment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6011

Climate change impacts on Latin American farmland values: the role of farm type
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seo,   S. Niggol; Mendelsohn,   Robert.
This paper examines climate change impacts on South American agriculture using a set of Ricardian regressions estimated across different samples of farms in South America. Regressions are run for the whole sample and for subsamples of crop-only, mixed, and livestock-only farms. The results indicate that climate sensitivity varies a great deal across each type of farm.  The analysis also reveals that the impacts will vary substantially across South America.  The hot and wet Amazon and Equatorial regions are likely to lose the most from warming scenarios whereas the more temperate high elevation and southern regions of South America will likely gain.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Agriculture; South America; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53872

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON US AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beach,   Robert H.; Thomson,   Allison M.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
There is general consensus in the scientific literature that human-induced climate change has taken place and will continue to do so over the next century. The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concludes with “very high confidence” that anthropogenic activities such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation have affected the global climate. The AR4 also indicates that global average temperatures are expected to increase by another 1.1°C to 5.4°C by 2100, depending on the increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases that takes place during this time. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, temperature increases, altered precipitation patterns and other factors influenced by climate have...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Crop yields; EPIC; FASOM; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91393

Climate Change Impacts on Waterfowl Habitat in Western Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Withey,   Patrick; Wong,   Linda.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Wetlands; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107094

CLIMATE CHANGE INFLUENCES ON THE RISK OF AVIAN INFLUENZA OUTBREAKS AND ASSOCIATED ECONOMIC LOSS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mu,   Jianhong H.; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Wu,   Ximing; Gan,   Li.
This paper examines the effect that climate has on Avian Influenza outbreak probability.  The statistical analysis shows across a broad region the probability of an outbreak declines by 0.22% when the temperature rises 1 Celsius degree and increases by 0.34% when precipitation increases by 1millimeter. These results indicate that the realized climate change of the last 20 years not only has been a factor behind recent HPAI outbreaks, but that climate change is likely to play an even greater role in the future.  The statistical results indicate that overall, the risk of an AI outbreak has been increased by 51% under past climate change and 3-4% under future climate change. An economic evaluation shows the increased probability of outbreaks has caused...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Avian Influenza outbreaks; GDP loss; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103637

Climate Change, Markets, and Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howitt,   Richard E.; Medellin-Azuara,   Josue; MacEwan,   Duncan.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q38.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95761

Climate Change Meets Trade in Promoting Green Growth: Potential Conflicts and Synergies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
To date, border adjustment measures in the form of emissions allowance requirements (EAR) under the U.S. proposed cap-and-trade regime are the most concrete unilateral trade measure put forward to level the carbon playing field. If improperly implemented, such measures could disturb the world trade order and trigger a trade war. Because of these potentially far-reaching impacts, this paper focuses on this type of unilateral border adjustment, which requires importers to acquire and surrender emissions allowances corresponding to the embedded carbon contents in their goods from countries that have not taken climate actions comparable to that of home country. This discussion is mainly on the legality of unilateral EAR under the WTO rules. Given that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Post-2012 climate negotiations; Border carbon adjustments; Carbon tariffs; Emissions allowance requirements; Cap-and-trade regime; Lieberman-Warner bill; Waxman-Markey bill; World Trade Organization; Kyoto Protocol; Developing countries; United States; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; Q48; Q54; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59475

Climate Change Mitigation Policy: The Effect of the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme on New Radiata Pine Forest Plantations in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tee,   James; Scarpa,   Riccardo; Marsh,   Dan; Guthrie,   Graeme.
Climate change is one of the toughest challenges facing the world today. Putting a price on carbon emissions is an important step towards climate change mitigation. A cap and trade system is one of the ways to create a carbon price. The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZETS) is the world’s first economy-wide cap and trade system that covers all sectors and all 6 greenhouse gases. Forestry is a major part of the NZETS, allowing foresters to earn carbon credits for new forests planted on and after 1st January 1990 (afforestation and reforestation). At the same time, the NZETS also makes foresters liable for harvesting new forests planted on and after 1st January 1990, and deforesting forests existing on and before 31st December 1989. In this paper, we...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100703

Climate Change Mitigation Strategies in Fast-Growing Countries:  The Benefits of Early Action
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Tavoni,   Massimo; Carraro,   Carlo.
This paper builds on the assumption that OECD countries are (or will soon be) taking actions to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. These actions, however, will not be sufficient to control global warming, unless developing countries also get involved in the cooperative effort to reduce GHG emissions. This paper investigates the best short-term strategies that emerging economies can adopt in reacting to OECD countries’ mitigation effort, given the common long-term goal to prevent excessive warming without hampering economic growth. Results indicate that developing countries would incur substantial economic losses by following a myopic strategy that disregards climate in the short-run, and that their optimal investment behaviour is to anticipate the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy-economy Modeling; Climate Policy; Developing Countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q55; Q43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52541

Climate Change: National and Local Policy Opportunities in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Teng,   Fei; Gu,   Alun.
Climate Change poses a wide range of potentially very severe threats in China. This aggravates the existing vulnerability of China and is one of the big challenges faced by the Chinese government. Adaptation programmes and projects are being developed and implemented at national and local level. As China is engaged in heavy investment in infrastructure development as a consequence of the rapid process of development and urbanization, mainstreaming adaptation into such development process is a priority for China. China has also made positive contributions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions through participations in the CDM under the Kyoto Protocol framework. Although mitigation is not a priority at national or local level, it has been integrated into...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Local Policy; National Policy; Mitigation; Local Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; H7; Q54; Q56; O53.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9091

Climate Change Opportunities and Obstacles (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krause,   Richard.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50591

CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES AND ENERGY USE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, CENTRAL EUROPE AND THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drennen,   Thomas E.; Chapman,   Duane.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11912

Climate Change Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shogren,   Jason F.; Toman,   Michael.
Having risen from relative obscurity as few as ten years ago, climate change now looms large among environmental policy issues. Its scope is global; the potential environmental and economic impacts are ubiquitous; the potential restrictions on human choices touch the most basic goals of people in all nations; and the sheer scope of the potential response - a significant shift away from using fossil fuels as the primary energy source in the modern economy -is daunting. In this paper, we explore the economics of climate change policy. We examine the risks that climate change poses for society, the benefits of protection against the effects of climate change, and the costs of alternative protection policies. We organize our discussion around three broad...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Incentive-based policy; International environmental cooperation; Benefit-cost analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q48.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10767

Climate Change Policy and the Adoption of Methane Digesters on Livestock Operations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.; Sneeringer,   Stacy E.
Methane digesters—biogas recovery systems that use methane from manure to generate electricity—have not been widely adopted in the United States because costs have exceeded benefits to operators. Burning methane in a digester reduces greenhouse gas emissions from manure management. A policy or program that pays producers for these emission reductions—through a carbon offset market or directly with payments—could increase the number of livestock producers who would profit from adopting a methane digester. We developed an economic model that illustrates how dairy and hog operation size, location, and manure management methods, along with electricity and carbon prices, could influence methane digester profits. The model shows that a relatively moderate...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Methane; Methane digesters; Manure; Livestock; Climate change; Greenhouse gases; Carbon offset; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102758

Climate Change Policy and the Role of Carbon Offsets (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Profeta,   Tim.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51597

Climate change policy distortions in the wood and food market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ajani,   Judith.
The widespread shift of Australia’s wood products industry away from native forests to an agricultural regime–wood plantations–has enhanced forestry industry competitiveness. Wood now competes against food for agricultural land, water and other resources (including government support). New plantings have increased substantially since the mid 1990s via plantation managed investment schemes (MIS), arousing protest in the traditional agricultural sector and claims of unfair government policy treatment. This claim is investigated in an analysis that integrates the taxation treatment of plantation MIS with economics and forestry industry knowledge. Three methods are developed, and applied, to estimate the plantation MIS tax-based subsidy. Preliminary estimates...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58877

Climate change policy in a growing economy under catastrophic risks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Under risk of catastrophic climate change, the occurrence hazard is added to the social discount rate. As a result, the social discount rate (i) increases and (ii) turns endogenous to the global warming policy. The second effect bears profound policy implications that are magnifed by economic growth. In particular, it implies that green- house gases (GHG) emission should gradually be brought to a halt. Due to the public bad nature of the catastrophic risk, the second effect is ignored in a competitive allocation and unregulated economic growth will give rise to excessive emissions. We find that the GHG emission paths under the optimal and competitive growth regimes lie at the extreme ends of the range of feasible emissions. We derive the Pigouvian hazard...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Environmental catastrophes; Economic growth; Emission policy; Hazard rate; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; H41; O13; O40; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7132

Climate Change, Risk and Grain Production in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holst,   Rainer; Yu,   Xiaohua; Grun,   Carola.
This paper  employs  the production function-based method proposed by  Just and Pope  (1978, 1979) to explicitly analyze production risk in the context of Chinese grain farming  and climate change, and  test for a potential endogeneity of climate factors in Chinese  grain production.  Our results indicate that China might, at least in the short run, become a net beneficiary  of climate change.  In particular, we find that increases in annual average temperature  increase mean output at the margin and at the same time lead to a reduction of production  risk.  Further  calculations suggest that a 1 °C increase in annual average temperature  would entail an economic benefit of $1.1 billion due to the increasing mean output.  Furthermore,  a Hausman test...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Grain production; Climate change; Production risk; China; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q1; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61177

Climate change risk and response
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kahrl,   Fredrich; Roland-Holst,   David W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy; Sustainability; Climate change; Risk; Economic conditions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46721

CLIMATE CHANGE SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT ON UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN STREAMFLOWS USING SWAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jha,   Manoj K.; Arnold,   Jeffrey G.; Gassman,   Philip W.; Gu,   Roy.
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to assess the impacts of potential future climate change on the hydrology of the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB). Calibration and validation of SWAT were performed on a monthly basis for 1968-87 and 1988-97, respectively; R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe simulation efficiency (E) values computed for the monthly comparisons were 0.74 and 0.65 for the calibration period and 0.81 and 0.75 for the validation period. The impacts of eight 20-year (1971-90) scenarios were then analyzed, relative to a scenario baseline. A doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentrations was predicted to result in an average annual flow increase of 35 percent. An average annual flow decrease of 15 percent was estimated for a constant...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Flow; Hydrology; Simulation; Spatial patterns; Watershed; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18419

Climate Change, Water Flows and the Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bates,   Bryson.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124465

Climate Policy and Border Tax Adjustments: Some New Wine Mixed with Old Wine in New Green Bottles?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.
Current policy discussions are making a very clear connection between domestic climate policies and international trade. In this article, the economic, legal and implementation issues relating to border tax adjustments for climate policies are discussed. The overall conclusion drawn is that the connection between trade and the environment is not new, having been discussed in considerable detail since the early 1990s, and reflected in an extensive economics literature. In addition, the legal aspects of border tax adjustments are not particularly new, although only a WTO ruling on their use in the presence of domestic climate policies will resolve any legal uncertainty about their use. However, there are some new issues concerning the determination and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Competitiveness; Border tax adjustment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90594

Climate Policy and the Optimal Balance between Mitigation, Adaptation and Unavoided Damage
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco; Carraro,   Carlo; De Cian,   Enrica.
It has become commonly accepted that a successful climate strategy should compound mitigation and adaptation. The accurate combination between adaptation and mitigation that can best address climate change is still an open question. This paper proposes a framework that integrates mitigation, adaptation, and climate change residual damages into an optimisation model. This set-up is used to provide some insights on the welfare maximising resource allocation between mitigation and adaptation, on their optimal timing, and on their marginal contribution to reducing vulnerability to climate change. The optimal mix between three different adaptation modes (reactive adaptation, anticipatory adaptation, and investment in innovation for adaptation purposes) within...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change Impacts; Mitigation; Adaptation; Integrated Assessment Model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q56; Q43.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60681

Climate Policy and the Optimal Extraction of High- and Low-Carbon Fossil Fuels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Werf,   Edwin; Smulders,   Sjak.
We study how restricting CO2 emissions affects resource prices and depletion over time. We use a Hotelling-style model with two non-renewable fossil fuels that differ in their carbon content (e.g. coal and natural gas) and in addition are imperfect substitutes in final good production. We show that an economy facing a CO2 flow-constraint may substitute towards the relatively dirty input. As the economy tries to maximise output per unit of emissions it is not only carbon content that matters: productivity matters as well. With an announced constraint the economy first substitutes towards the less productive input such that more of the productive input is available when constrained. Preliminary empirical results suggest that it is cost-effective to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Non-Renewable Resources; Input Substitution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q31; Q43.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8218

Climate Policy, Carbon Leakage and Competitiveness: How Might Border Tax Adjustments Help?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.; McCorriston,   Steve.
In this paper, analysis is presented relating to the impact of border tax adjustments for climate policy on the international competitiveness of energy-intensive industries, and the related problem of carbon leakage.  While many of the economic and legal issues are not particularly new, climate policy does present some possible twists to the analysis of border tax adjustments when vertically-related markets can be characterized as a successive oligopoly.  Specifically, an appropriate border tax adjustment will depend on the incidence of a domestic carbon tax, the nature of competition in upstream and downstream sectors, as well as the basis for assessing the trade neutrality of any border tax adjustment.  If trade neutrality is defined in terms of market...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Carbon leakage; Border tax adjustments; Imperfect competition; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; H87; Q38.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103207

Climate Policy Design under Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.
The uncertainty surrounding both costs and benefits associated with global climate change mitigation creates enormous hurdles for scientists, stakeholders, and decision-makers. A key issue is how policy choices balance uncertainty about costs and benefits. This balance arises in terms of the time path of mitigation efforts as well as whether those efforts, by design, focus on effort or outcome. This paper considers two choices-price versus quantity controls and absolute versus relative/intensity emissions limits-demonstrating that price controls and intensity emissions limits favor certainty about cost over climate benefits and future emissions reductions. The paper then argues that in the near term, this favoritism is desired.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Climate; Policy; Intensity; Global warming; Uncertainty; Price; Quantity; Environmental Economics and Policy; D81; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10584

Climate Policy in the United States and Japan: A Workshop Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.; Tamura,   Kentaro.
Resources for the Future and the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (Japan) convened a one-and-one-half day workshop on domestic and international climate policy on February 12–-13, 2004 in Washington, D.C. On the first day, 55 participants heard presentations from 14 speakers and discussed domestic activities, economics, and politics. The second day featured a smaller group of 27 participants hearing six informal sets of comments and discussing opportunities for international collaboration. Participants included government officials from the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and other U.S. administration and congressional staff; representatives from business and environmental groups; and academic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Global warming; United States; Japan; Kyoto; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10771

Climate Policy in the United States and Japan: Prospects in 2005 and Beyond, Workshop Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.; Tamura,   Kentaro.
Resources for the Future and the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies convened a one and one-half day workshop on domestic and international climate policy May 11-12, 2005, in Tokyo, Japan. The first day included 49 participants hearing presentations from 13 speakers and discussing domestic activities, economics, and politics. The second day included a smaller group of participants listening to a panel of four experts and discussing opportunities for future international climate regimes. Participants included government officials from the Japanese Ministry of the Environment; the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; the U.S. Department of State; and the Massachusetts Department of Commonwealth...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Global warming; United States; Japan; Kyoto; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10657

CLIMATE POLICY WHEN THE DISTANT FUTURE MATTERS: CATASTROPHIC EVENTS WITH HYPERBOLIC DISCOUNTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
Low probability catastrophic climate change can have a signifcant influence on policy under hyperbolic discounting. We compare the set of Markov Perfect Equilibria (MPE) to the optimal policy under time-consistent commitment. For some initial levels of risk there are multiple MPE; these may involve either excessive or insufficient stabilization effort. These results imply that even if the free-rider problem amongst contemporaneous decision-makers were solved, there may remain a coordination problem amongst successive generations of decision-makers. A numerical example shows that under plausible conditions society should respond vigorously to the threat of climate change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Event uncertainty; Catastrophic risk; Hyperbolic discounting; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7181

Climate Policy When the Distant Future Matters: Catastrophic Events with Hyperbolic Discounting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
Low probability catastrophic climate change can have a significant influence on policy under hyperbolic discounting. We compare the set of Markov Perfect Equilibria (MPE) to the optimal policy under time-consistent commitment. For some initial levels of risk there are multiple MPE; these may involve either excessive or insufficient stabilization effort. These results imply that even if the free-rider problem amongst contemporaneous decision-makers were solved, there may remain a coordination problem amongst successive generations of decision-makers. A numerical example shows that under plausible conditions society should respond vigorously to the threat of climate change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Event uncertainty; Catastrophic risk; Hyperbolic discounting; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7186

Climate variability, climate change and agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quiggin,   John C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97266

Climate Volatility and Poverty Vulnerability in Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahmed,   Syud Amer; Diffenbaugh,   Noah S.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Ramankutty,   Navin; Rios,   Ana R.; Rowhani,   Pedram.
Climate volatility will increase in the future, with agricultural productivity expected to become increasingly volatile as well. For Tanzania, where food production and prices are sensitive to the climate, rising climate volatility can have severe implications for poverty. We develop and use an integrated framework to estimate the poverty vulnerabilities of different socio-economic strata in Tanzania under current and future climate. We find that households across various strata are similarly vulnerable to being impoverished when considered in terms of their stratum’s populations, with poverty vulnerability of all groups higher in the 21st Century than in the late 20th Century. When the contributions of the different strata to the national poverty changes...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate; Volatility; Poverty vulnerability; Tanzania; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49358

Climate volatility and trade policy in Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahmed,   Syud Amer; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Martin,   William J.
Climate volatility affects agricultural variability, and extreme climate outcomes have the potential to detrimentally affect food supply and prices in a given country. International trade has the potential to reduce the impacts of climate-induced food production variability, although it may further expose the country to international price volatility. This study focuses on Tanzania and finds that global production volatility currently has very little effect on domestic grain prices due to the country’s limited integration with the international grains market. Almost all the price volatility in grains is attributable to domestic production volatility. At the same time, an export ban that was a response to the 2007-2008 food price crisis increases potential...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61818

Climate's Long-term Impact on New Zealand Infrastructure (CLINZI) - A Case Study of Hamilton City, New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jollands,   Nigel; Ruth,   Matthias; Bernier,   C.; Golubiewski,   N.
Infrastructure systems and services (ISS) are vulnerable to changes in climate.  This paper reports on a study of the impact of gradual climate changes on ISS in Hamilton City, New Zealand.  This study is unique in that it is the first of its kind to be applied to New Zealand ISS.  This study also considers a broader range of ISS than most other climate change studies recently conducted.   Using historical climate data and four climate change scenarios, we modelled the impact of climate change on water supply and quality, transport, energy demand, public health and air quality.  Our analysis reveals that many of Hamilton City's infrastructure sectors demonstrated greater responsiveness to population changes than changes in gradual climate change. Any...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Infrastructure; Integrated assessment; Adaptation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Political Economy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98499

Closing the Gap: A Comparison of Approaches to Encourage Early Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   Chris; Michaelowa,   Axel; Dutschke,   Michael.
Das Kyoto-Protokoll zur UN-Klimarahmenkonvention setzt verbindliche Treibhausgasemissionsziele für Industrieländer, die allerdings erst im Zeitraum 2008-2012 gelten. Da für die Zeit bis 2008 mit einem erheblichen Emissionsanstieg zu rechnen ist, wird über Ansätze nachgedacht, schon vorher Anreize für Emissionsverringerungen zu setzen. Frühzeitige Emissionsverringerung reduziert das Risiko, klimatische Schwellenwerte zu überschreiten, die nichtlineare Veränderungen im Klimasystem auslösen. Außerdem wird der normale Investitionszyklus ausgenutzt, indem Neuinvestitionen emissionsärmer ausfallen. Dies verursacht keine oder nur geringe Kosten. Dazu bedarf es konkreter Anreize, die unterschiedlich ausfallen können. Während in Nordamerika eine freiwillige...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26049

CO2 Allowance Allocation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and the Effect on Electricity Investors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Kahn,   Danny; Palmer,   Karen L.
The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is an effort by nine Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states to develop a regional, mandatory, market-based cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the electricity sector. The initiative is expected to lead to an increase in the price of electricity in the RGGI region and beyond. The implications of these changes for the value of electricity-generating assets and the market value of the firms that own them depends on the initial allocation of carbon dioxide allowances, the composition of generating assets owned by the firm, and the locations of those assets. Changes in asset values inside the RGGI region may be positive or negative, whereas changes outside of the RGGI region are almost...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Allowance allocations; Electricity; Air pollution; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation-performance standard; Output-based allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Global warming; Carbon dioxide; Asset value; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10495

CO2 Emissions from Central Canadian Agriculture: Meeting Kyoto Targets and Its Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manaloor,   Varghese.
Agriculture sectors dependence on fossil fuel use (both direct and indirect) has increased dramatically over the past decades. Productivity increases have been achieved using technological improvements which use considerable amounts of energy inputs. Concerns about global environmental quality resulted in several countries signing the Kyoto protocol, which came into effect internationally, on February 16, 2005. Canada has made a commitment to the international community to stabilize CO2 emissions at 6 percent below 1990 levels. The target is supposed to be reached by 2008 and maintained through 2012. This paper estimates the CO2 emissions from input use in Central Canadian agriculture. Using elasticity estimates, the amount of price increase needed to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25778

CO2-Abscheidung und Ablagerung (CAA): Ordnungsrechtliche Aspekte und okonomische Implikationen im Rahmen des EU - Emissionshandels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dietrich,   Lars; Bode,   Sven.
Die Abscheidung von Kohlendioxid in großen, immobilen Industrieanlagen mit anschließender Ablagerung in geologischen Formationen gewinnt in jüngster Zeit in der Diskussion um Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Treibhausgasen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Der Bau von Pilotanlagen ist inzwischen auch für Deutschland angekündigt worden. Diese neue Technik birgt dabei grundsätzlich die Gefahr von Wiederaustritten des abgeschiedenen und verpressten CO2 in die Atmosphäre. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht das vorliegende Papier ausgewählte ordnungsrechtliche Aspekte sowie ökonomische Implikationen im Rahmen des EU-Emissionshandels. Die Analyse zeigt, dass derartige Anlagen mit einer Ausnahme zur Zeit keinem dem Gefahrenpotential entsprechenden Genehmigungsverfahren...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CO2-Abscheidung; CO2-Ablagerung; Emissionshandel; CCS; CAA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q40.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26203

CO2-VERMEIDUNGSKOSTEN DER STROM- UND WÄRMEPRODUKTION AUS BIOGAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scholz,   Lukas; Meyer-Aurich,   Andreas; Kirschke,   Dieter.
In einer Studie wurden die volkswirtschaftlichen Kosten verschiedener Produktionsverfahren und Szenarien der Strom- und Wärmeproduktion aus Biogas auf der Basis von Mais und Rindergülle untersucht. Gemessen an alternativen Maßnahmen, verursacht die staatliche Förderung der Bioenergieproduktion aus Biogas, durch das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG), hohe volkswirtschaftliche Kosten. Die CO2-Vermeidungkosten variieren zwischen 289 und 691 €/t CO2äq in den untersuchten Produktionsverfahren und Szenarien. Der Subventionsaufwand beläuft sich auf 310 bis 596 €/t CO2äq.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioenergie; Biogas; Ökonomische Analyse; CO2-Vermeidungskosten; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114736

Coase and Car Repair: Who Should Be Responsible for Emissions of Vehicles in Use?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harrington,   Winston; McConnell,   Virginia D.
This paper examines the current assignment of liability for in-use vehicle emissions and suggests some alternative policies that may reduce the cost and increase the effectiveness. We first discuss the cost, performance and incentives under current Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) programs, using the recently implemented Arizona "Enhanced I/M" program as an example. These programs were designed to identify and repair vehicles with malfunctioning emission control systems. Since their inception, however, I/M programs have been plagued by transaction costs that have drastically raised the cost of I/M as well as limited its effectiveness. These transaction costs fall into three categories: emission monitoring, repair avoidance, and non-transferability of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mobile sources; Emissions; Coase; Liability; I/M; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; R48.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10911

Coastal planning in North Shore City, New Zealand: Developing responsible coastal erosion policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Amanda.
North Shore City’s coastline has been subject to intensive development pressure over the last 15 years. In this time, new developments have established along previously undeveloped areas of coastline and existing sites have redeveloped with much larger houses. This paper provides a description of the planning controls that currently affect coastal development and an assessment of the effectiveness of these controls. This is followed by an analysis of the role of local government in controlling future development. Contention arises when attempts are made to control the property rights of landowners to protect their properties from coastal erosion. The impacts of private coastal protection works on the coastline have wider impacts than their immediate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Coast; Erosion; Planning; Cost; Benefit; Development; Protection; Structures.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59260

Coastal Zone Management in the Mediterranean: Legal and Economic Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Markandya,   Anil; Arnold,   S.; Cassinelli,   Mariaester; Taylor,   Tim J.
This paper examines existing measures taken to protect the coastal zones of the Mediterranean Sea and assesses their success. A summary of the main pressures facing these zones is given, followed by an analysis of the legislation covering coastal zone development in ten countries: Algeria, Croatia, Egypt, France, Israel, Italy, Malta, Spain, Tunisia and Turkey. We find that not all of these states have legislation specifically covering coastal zones, but there is concern in all areas that the legislation is not working, We also look at the costs and benefits of controlling coastal development. Firstly, a literature review of valuation studies identifies a range of values placed on developed and undeveloped coastline for both users and local property...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coastal Zone Management; Legislation; Littoral; Mediterranean; Recreation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54290

Cod today and none tomorrow: The Economic Value of a Marine Reserve
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grafton,   R. Quentin; Kompas,   Tom.
The northern cod fishery was once one of the world’s largest capture fisheries. Using data from the fishery, this research calculated the economic value of a marine reserve using a stochastic optimal control model with a jump-diffusion process.   The analysis shows that, an optimal-sized marine reserve in this fishery would have prevented the fishery’s collapse and generated a triple payoff. Even if harvesting had been ‘optimal’ the profits from fishing would have been raised. The recovery time would also have decreased for the biomass to return to its former state and smoothed fishers’ harvests and profits. Following a negative shock, the chance of a catastrophic collapse would have been lowered.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Marine reserves; Stochastic control; Fisheries; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; Q22.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94822

Coevolution: Agricultural Practices and Sustainability: Some Major Social and Ecological Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Outlines major social and ecological issues involved in the coevolution of social and ecological systems by initially reviewing relevant aspects of the recent literature relating to economic development and their implications for agricultural development.  Coevolutionary qualitative-type models are presented.  There has been a failure amongst advocates of structural adjustment policies (involving the extension of markets and economic globalisation) to take account of coevolutionary principles and allow for historical differences in the evolution of communities and their varied circumstances.  This lack of sensitivity has had unfortunate social and ecological consequences for some communities eg  The Russian Federation and subsistence agriculturalists in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coevolution; Globalisation; Industrial/commercial agriculture; Property rights; Ecological systems; Social systems; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47991

Co-Evolution in Asia, Markets and Globalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Economic, social and natural environmental systems are interdependent, and economic systems cannot be assessed in isolation from an interconnected whole. Many parts of Asia face increasing market intrusion and forced changes in economic mechanisms and rights without concomitant social and technological co-evolution. Consequently, serious problems for economic, social and environmental sustainability are being experienced by local communities, especially in remote regions and in peripheral areas such as Northeast India and in hilly regions of China. Rapid Asian economic growth, extension of markets and processes of globalization are generating social tensions and magnifying stresses on natural environments. Many subsistence and semi-subsistence communities...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54345

Co-financing Implications for Regional Policy-Making: A Case Study for the Agri-environmental Programme in Saxony-Anhalt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirschke,   Dieter; Hager,   Astrid; Jechlitschka,   Kurt; Wegener,   Stefan.
Financing agri-environmental programmes in the European Union (EU) takes place in a multi-level system with mixed co-financing and shared financial responsibilities. In this paper we analyse how co-financing influences policy-making in regions taking the case of the agri-environmental programme in Saxony-Anhalt. Using an interactive linear programming approach the implications of several co-financing scenarios are analysed. EU co-financing certainly enhances the financial volume for the agri-environmental programme in Saxony-Anhalt; but as regional policy-making is distorted by the scheme of mixed co-financing as compared to unconditional financial transfers, the priorities for measures vary depending on different EU co-financing scenarios.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programmes; Co-financing; Federalism; Interactive programming; Policy-making; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18814

COLLECTIVE ACTION AND PROPERTY RIGHTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: OVERVIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela; di Gregorio,   Monica.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16565

Collective Action for Watershed Management: Field Experiments in Colombia and Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardenas,   Juan-Camilo; Rodriguez,   Luz Angela; Johnson,   Nancy L.
The dilemma of collective action around water use and management involves solving both the problems of provision and appropriation. Cooperation in the provision can be affected by the rival nature of the appropriation and the asymmetries in the access. We report two field experiments conducted in Colombia and Kenya. The Irrigation Game was used to explore the provision and appropriation decisions under asymmetric or sequential appropriation, complemented with a Voluntary Contribution Mechanism experiment which looks at provision decisions under symmetric appropriation. The overall results were consistent with the patterns of previous studies: the zero contribution hypotheses is rejected whereas the most effective institution to increase cooperation was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Collective Action; Watersheds; Field Experiments; Colombia; Kenya; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q0; Q2; C9; H3; H4.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91169

COLLECTIVE ACTION IN PEST MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ravnborg,   Helle Munk.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16546

Colombia's Discharge Fee Program: Incentives for Polluters of Regulators?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen.
Colombia's discharge fee system for water effluents is often held up as a model of a well-functioning, economic-incentive pollution control program in a developing country. Yet few objective, up-to-date evaluations of the program have appeared. Based on a variety of primary and secondary evaluative data, this paper finds that that the program has been beset by a number of serious problems including limited implementation in many regions, widespread noncompliance by municipal sewage authorities, and a confused relationship between discharge fees and discharge standards. Nevertheless, in several watersheds, pollution loads dropped significantly after the program was introduced. While proponents claim the incentives that discharge fees created for polluters...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Economic incentive; Market based instrument; Discharge fees; Water pollution; Latin America; Colombia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q56; Q58; O13; O54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10869

Combating the Crisis: Managing Watersheds for Economic Profit and Environmental Quality Improvement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rodriguez,   German; Popp,   Jennie S. Hughes.
Phosphorus runoff has generated water quality degradation, spawning legislative and regularity actions in several watersheds in Northwest Arkansas. Best management practices (BMPs) can be viable alternatives in dealing with nutrient excess. The profitability of several BMPs deemed effective in addressing such concerns is examined in one Northwest Arkansas watershed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35295

COMBINING ACTUAL AND CONTINGENT BEHAVIOR DATA TO MODEL FARMER ADOPTION OF WATER QUALITY PROTECTION PRACTICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cooper,   Joseph C.
Using farmer responses to contingent valuation method (CVM) survey data in combination with actual market data from four watershed regions in the United States, this study estimates the minimum incentives payments a farmer would accept in order to adopt more environmentally friendly “"best management practices"” (BMPs). Combining actual market data with the CVM data adds information to the analysis, thereby most likely increasing the reliability of the results compared to analyzing the contingent behavior survey response data only. Given the decision to adopt, the article also presents a pooled model for the number of acres enrolled in the BMPs as a function of the incentive payments. Adoption rates predicted with the combination data model are...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31003

Combining discrete and continuous mixing approaches to accommodate heterogeneity in price sensitivities in environmental choice analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campbell,   Danny; Doherty,   Edel; Hynes,   Stephen; van Rensburg,   Tom M.
Data from a discrete choice experiment aimed at eliciting the demand for recreational walking trails on farmland in the Republic of Ireland is used to explore the consequences of misspecifying the cost coefficient. To enable straightforward calculation of WTP from the distributions of the non-price coefficients, the price coefficient is typically held constant in mixed logit models. This implies that all respondents are equally price sensitive. In this paper we test the validity of this assumption. Our approach is based on a comparison and combination of discrete and continuous mixing approaches (i.e., a mixture of distributions) to uncover the unobserved heterogeneity in price sensitivities. Results from the analysis highlight that model fit and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Discrete choice experiments; Discrete mixtures; Continuous mixtures; Mixtures of distributions; Price sensitivities; Farmland recreation; Willing to pay space; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91723

COMBINING ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL DATA TO ESTIMATE THE IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON CROP PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dixon,   Bruce L.; Garcia,   Philip; Adams,   Richard M.; Mjelde,   James W.
Duality methods utilizing a profit function framework are employed to estimate the output elasticity of ambient ozone levels on cash grain farms in Illinois.  While duality methods have been recommended as a cure to many of the statistical problems of direct estimation of production functions, multicollinearity may still be a problem.  A method for utilizing stochastic information on parameters of a seemingly unrelated system of equations, which is implied by profit function estimation, is developed and applied to measuring the impact of ozone.  Such an approach may be necessary in measuring other environmental effects because of a lack of regressor variability.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32140

COMBINING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL INPUTS FOR SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruerd,   Ruben; Lee,   David R.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16374

Combining mixed logit models and random effects models to identify the determinants of willingness to pay for rural landscape improvements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campbell,   Danny.
This paper reports the findings from a discrete choice experiment study designed to estimate the economic benefits associated with rural landscape improvements in Ireland. Using a mixed logit model, the panel nature of the dataset is exploited to retrieve willingness to pay values for every individual in the sample. This departs from customary approaches in which the willingness to pay estimates are normally expressed as measures of central tendency of an a priori distribution. In a different vein from analysis conducted in previous discrete choice experiment studies, this paper uses random effects models for panel data to identify the determinants of the individual-specific willingness to pay estimates. In comparison with the standard methods used to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environment; Discrete choice experiments; Mixed logit; Panel data; Random effects; Willingness to pay; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; C33; C35; Q24; Q51.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7975

Combining Rate-Based and Cap-and-Trade Emissions Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn.
Rate-based emissions policies (like tradable performance standards) fix average emissions intensity, while cap-and-trade policies fix total emissions. This paper shows that unfettered trade between rate-based and cap-and-trade programs always raises combined emissions, except when product markets are related in particular ways. Gains from trade are fully passed on to consumers in the rate-based sector, resulting in more output and greater emissions allocations. We consider a range of policy options to offset the expansion, including unilateral ones when jurisdictional differences require. The cap-and-trade jurisdiction could impose an "exchange rate" to adjust for relative permit values, but marginal abatement cost equalization is sacrificed. Still, that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Permit allocation; Tradable performance standards; Climate; Greenhouse gases; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; H3; Q2; Q48.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10713

Combining Supply and Demand Estimates for Ecosystem Services from Cropland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ma,   Shan; Swinton,   Scott M.; Lupi,   Frank.
Payment-for-Ecosystem-Services (PES) programs are gaining appeal as flexible approaches to inducing the voluntary provision of ecosystem services (ES). Farmers, who manage agricultural ecosystems, provide important nonmarket ecosystem services to the public by their choice of production inputs and management practices. Although there exist various PES programs in the United States and Europe, we are aware of none that was designed based on a comprehensive understanding of the underlying supply and demand of ecosystem services. Taking advantage of unique, coupled datasets of stated preferences, this paper combines a supply-side cost function of farmers’ willingness to adopt practices that provide increased ES with a demand-side social benefit function of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payment-for-Ecosystem-Services (PES); Contingent valuation; Aggregate supply and demand; Cropland; Eutrophication; Greenhouse gas; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q11; Q51; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103501

Comments on Sustainable Coastal Development Through Community Support: Myth or Reality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergstrom,   John C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sustainable agriculture; Community development; Community support; Natural resources; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q27; Q28; Q32.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43767

COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phipps,   Tim T.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29024

Common Ground Between Free-Traders and Environmentalists
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Sacheti,   Sandeep; Zhao,   Jinhua.
We use a North-South model with property right differences and resource dynamics to study the effects of trade on resource use and welfare. Autarky is likely to Pareto-dominate free trade in the long run when the environment is quite fragile, and the result is reversed when the environment is quite resilient. Trade may cause an environmentally poor country to drag down" its richer trading partner; in this case, both countries degrade their stocks when these would be preserved under autarky. Alternatively, trade may enable the environmentally richer country to pull up" its partner; in this case both countries preserve their stocks when these would be degraded under autarky. These results rationalize the positions of environmentalists and free-traders. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; D5; F1; O2; Q2.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25042

Communicating Climate Change: A Literature Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parton,   Kevin A.; Morrison,   Mark.
For climate scientists, climate change is a problem that has a significant chance of having catastrophic environmental, social and economic consequences during the course of this century. In contrast, public opinion seems to regard with scepticism the pronouncements on climate change that emanate from the scientific community. Why the difference? This is what our research project was designed to examine. Or to put it another way: Assuming that the scientific information is correct, and that without a dramatic change in technology (and policy to promote such a change) there would be a significant risk of man-made, global catastrophe, what must be done to communicate this urgent issue to the public? We have approached the analysis of this problem by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Media; Scientists; Business; Government; The general public; Literature review; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; 1402.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100693

Communication Processes in Agro-environmental Policy Development and Decision-Making: Case Study Sachsen-Anhalt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prager,   Katrin; Nagel,   Uwe Jens.
The development of a decision support approach with regard to agro-environmental programmes is part of a larger research project on agricultural transformation and structural change processes. Research objective are improved communication processes and an enhanced quality of political decision-making. The investigation is based on the assumption that the success of agro-environmental programmes depends largely on their acceptance by all major stakeholders. This implies an early integration of varying interests in the decision-making process. Introducing participatory approaches into a bureaucratic setting poses particular problems. In order to achieve greater efficiency and effectiveness, the introduction of interactive modelling approaches has to be...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Communication processes; Agro-environmental programmes; Decision-making support; Conflict resolution; Participation and acceptance; Rural areas; Agricultural extension; Sustainable agriculture; Structural change; Transformation processes; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18819

Community Pressure and Clean Technology in the Informal Sector: An Econometric Analysis of the Adoption of Propane by Traditional Mexican Brickmakers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Bannister,   Geoffrey J.
In many developing countries the informal sector, comprised of low-technology unlicensed micro-enterprises, is a major source of pollution. Environmental management in this sector is exceptionally challenging. Though clean technologies offer a means of mitigating the problem, to our knowledge there has been no rigorous empirical research on why informal (or even small-scale) firms do and do not adopt them. As a first step towards filling this gap, this paper presents the results of an econometric analysis of the diffusion of propane among informal 'traditional' brickmakers in Cd. Juárez, Mexico--a leading source of air pollution owing to their reliance on cheap, highly polluting fuels such as used tires and scrap wood. The two key policy implications of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Community pressure; Clean technology; Informal sector; Technology adoption; Brickmaking; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy; O17; O22; O33; Q25; C25; L61.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10529

Community-based Adaptation: Lessons from the Development Marketplace 2009 on Adaptation to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heltberg,   Rasmus; Prabhu,   Radhika; Gitay,   Habiba.
The Development Marketplace 2009 focused on adaptation to climate change. This paper identifies lessons from the Marketplace and assesses their implications for adaptation support. Our findings are based on: statistical tabulation of all proposals; in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis of the 346 semi-finalists; and interviews with finalists and assessors. Proposals were fuelled by deep concerns that ongoing climate change and its impacts undermine development and exacerbate poverty, migration and food insecurity. Proposals addressed both local poverty and climate change challenges, and offered a wide range of approaches to render local development more resilient to current climate variability. Therefore, support to community-based adaptation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community-based Adaptation; Development Marketplace; Adaptation; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; O1; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92711

Como compensar e incentivar os municípios a proteger e conservar o meio ambiente? O caso do ICMS Ecológico em Minas Gerais
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandes,   Luciany Lima; Coelho,   Alexandre Braganca; Fernandes,   Elaine Aparecida; Lima,   Joao Eustaquio de.
The ecological ICMS was first used to distribute a share of the ICMS revenue in the state of Parana in 1991. This pioneer experience originated from counties’ claims which argued that their economies were harmed by land use restrictions, mainly because they were watershed protection areas or their territory was part of a conservation unit. Responding to these claims, the state government changed the ICMS allocation criteria, favoring those counties with added funds. In the Minas Gerais State, the Ecological ICMS was implemented in 1995 with the “Robin Hood Law”. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Ecological ICMS in Minas Gerais as an instrument for compensation and incentive. Results showed the creation of a conservation unit would compensate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecological ICMS; Minas Gerais; Panel Data Model; Conservation Units.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53224

Companies and Regulators in Emissions Trading Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kruger,   Joseph.
Much has been written about the economic and environmental performance of U.S. emissions trading programs for "acid rain" (sulfur dioxide) and nitrogen oxides. Less explored have been the unique roles and interactions of environmental regulators and the companies they regulate. I first examine how these roles change the way that regulators and companies operate within their own organizations and with each other. Next, I use examples from U.S. trading programs to illustrate the design and administrative features that allow program administrators and industry to best fulfill their respective roles. Finally, I examine briefly whether these features are present in the EU Emissions Trading System and determine the implications for its effectiveness.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Climate change; Environmental management; Information technology; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10489

Comparacion de la ordenacion contingente y del experimento de eleccion en la valoracion de las funciones no privadas de los bosques
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amoros,   Joan Mogas; Riera,   Pere.
RESUMEN: En este trabajo se presenta una comparación entre dos métodos de valoración de preferencias declaradas: la ordenación contingente y el experimento de elección. Se incluye una aplicación empírica en la que se valoran los impactos que una determinada forestación de terrenos agrícolas en Cataluña tendría sobre la función recreativa, de absorción de CO2 y de protección frente a la erosión de los bosques. Los resultados muestran diferencias entre los valores obtenidos a partir de los dos métodos, siendo los del método de elección significativamente mayores. Además, esta divergencia se mantiene cuando se comparan observaciones pairwise obtenidas directamente a través del método de elección con las simulaciones pairwise procedentes de la ordenación...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental valuation; Contingent ranking; Choice experiment; Afforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; C90.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28741

Comparative Analysis of the Safe Training Performance about Farmers Use Pesticide -Sichuan Province of China as an example
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wenting,   Song; Xinhong,   Fu; Deping,   Xiong; Yan,   Wang; Lian,   Huang.
The Ministry of Agriculture of People’s Republic of China put in practice in non-hazardous food production and high-toxicity pesticides elimination, which aim at human, food and environmental safety. To investigate 491 farmers in Sichuan Province, the paper analyzes comparatively training content, fixed-point samples, different areas and training influence. The training content focuses on pesticide purchase, label reading, personal protection, container disposal, sprayer maintenance and sprayer cleaning. The results of SPSS statistical software show that there is a significant difference in 30 fixed-point samples between before and after training, and each index has obvious performance. And the results of component score and comprehensive scores of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Training performance; Farmers; Pesticide; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49973

Comparative Costs and Conservation Policies for the Survival of the Oranutan and Other Species: Includes an Example
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
The extent to which conservation is feasible is constrained by budgets and the financial sacrifice stakeholders are willing to bear. Therefore a possible objective for conserving a species is to minimise the cost of achieving that stated aim. For example, if a minimum viable population (MVP) of a species is to be conserved, the size and type of habitats reserved for this could be selected to minimise cost. This requires consideration of the comparative (relative) opportunity costs of reserving different land types for conservation. A general model is developed to demonstrate this and is applied to the case of the orangutan. In the ecological literature, recommendations for reserving different types of land for conservation have been based on comparisons of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comparative costs; Conservation in situ; Costs of conservation; Environmental policy; Minimum viable populations; Opportunity costs; Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus); Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q13; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90466

Comparative Economic and Gender, Labor Analysis of Conservation Agriculture Practices in Tribal Villages in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lai,   Cynthia; Chan,   Catherine; Halbrendt,   Jacqueline; Shariq,   Linsey; Roul,   Pravat; Idol,   Travis; Ray,   Chittanrajan; Evensen,   Carl.
The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review is published quarterly by IFAMA. www.ifama.org
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: India; Conservation agriculture; Gender; Labor; Maize; Cowpea; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Q.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120859

Comparative Performance of Organic, Conventional, and Integrated Producers in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greer,   Glen; Kaye-Blake,   William; Hunt,   Lesley.
The Agriculture Research Group on Sustainability (ARGOS) monitors a wide ange of environmental, social, economic and management parameters on matched cohorts of organic, conventional and integrated farms in the sheep/beef and kiwifruit sectors. Over six years significant differences have been found in farm costs and revenues between management systems, but few differences have been identified between management systems in “bottom-line” indicators of profitability, and there is greater variability within cohorts than between them. Regrouping of the properties according to farmer typologies does, however, result in the identification of some significant differences in economic outcomes between different “types” of farmers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic performance; Organic farming; Management system; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97160

Comparative Public Support for Conserving Reptile Species is High: Australian Evidence and its Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
This paper investigates factors influencing the public’s support for conservation of tropical reptile species in a focal group drawing on Australian data and an experiment involving a sample of the Australian public. The influences of the likeability of the species, their degree of endangerment, ethical considerations as well as knowledge are examined and found to be important. Likeability is found to be much less important than the existing literature suggests. This is highlighted by comparing the likeability of the focal group of reptiles with that for a group of birds and a group of mammals with differences in willingness to pay for their conservation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Endangerment; Ethics; Knowledge; Likeability; Reptiles; WTP (willingness to pay); Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51412

COMPARATIVE RESEARCH: CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES
Provedor de dados: 31
First Annual Conference on Agricultural Policy and the Environment; Proceedings of a Conference Sponsored by University of Minnesota, Center for International Food and Agricultural Policy; Agricultural Development Regional Agency (ESAV); University of Padova, Motta di Livenza, Italy, June 19-23, 1989, Volume IV  Contents:  Land Use and Incentive Schemes for Nonpoint Pollution Control, by Ted Graham-Tomasi and Arthur Wiese  Land Use and Environmental Quality: A Case Study, by Giuseppe Stellin  Groundwater Pollution and Minnesota's Agriculture, by Bill Easter and John Waelti  Modelling Pesticide and Herbicide Health Impacts: Is an Agricultural "Superfund" Coming?, by C. Ford Runge and Gary Krieger
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13433

Comparing a best management practice scorecard with an auction metric to select proposals in a water quality tender
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Windle,   Jill.
The focus of this paper is to compare different evaluation frameworks for selecting landholder proposals to improve water quality. The case study is a water quality tender performed in the Burdekin region in Northern Australia in 2007/2008 where bids could be assessed using an inputs-based best management practice scorecard or an outputs-based auction metric. The scorecard approach and other variants of multi-criteria analysis are commonly applied in grant schemes, where landholder proposals are rated by a range of inputs-based criteria. Output-based approaches are typically applied in water quality and conservation tenders, where an environmental benefits index is constructed to summarise the cost-effectiveness of each proposal. The case study evaluation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59262

Comparing a best management practice scorecard with an auction metric to select proposals in a water quality tender
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Windle,   Jill.
This report compares evaluation frameworks for selecting landholder proposals to improve water quality. A water quality tender performed in the Burdekin region in Northern Australia in 2007/2008 was used as a case study.    Tender bids can be assessed using an inputs-based best management practice scorecard or an outputs-based auction metric. Where landholder proposals are rated by inputs-based criteria, the scorecard approach, and other variants of multi-criteria analysis are commonly applied. Output-based approaches  are typically applied in water quality and conservation tenders. This approach uses an environmental benefits index to summarise the cost-effectiveness of each proposal.  The case study evaluation reported in this paper shows how...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water quality tender; Auction metric; Best management practice; Input-based; Output-based; Great Barrier Reef.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94939

Comparing Ecological Sensitivity with Stream Flow Rates in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simpson,   Tony G.; Druppel,   Jennifer L.; Watson,   Marissa C.; Benson,   Bennett I.; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103259

Comparing Policy Instruments in a Dynamic Environment with Strategic Firms: The Case of Minnesota Phosphorus Emissions.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moledina,   Amyaz A.
This paper examines the strategic behavior of firms under emissions taxes and tradable emissions permits designed to mitigate phosphorus emissions. The Nash payoff to the regulator of the strategic game is determined for a sub-basin of the Minnesota River using econometric estimates of cost and benefit functions representative of the region. These payoffs are compared to determine the preferred policy instrument. Results show that emission permits yield lower deadweight losses than emissions taxes.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20751

Comparing responses from web and paper-based collection modes in a choice modelling experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Windle,   Jill; Rolfe,   John.
Comparing responses from web and paper-based collection modes in a choice modelling experiment
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Web-based surveys; Internet surveys; Paper-based surveys; Stated preference; Collection mode; Choice experiments; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59261

Comparing responses from web and paper-based collection modes in a choice modelling experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Windle,   Jill; Rolfe,   John.
To determine whether the collection mode affects sample characteristics and value estimates, paper-based (using drop-off/pick-up) and web-based (using an internet panel) modes were tested.  The exercise elicited values from Brisbane respondents for future environmental improvement of the Great Barrier Reef.    The total per survey cost of the paper-based survey was approximately $70 per survey. The survey took three months to complete.  In contrast, the online survey cost approximately $15 per survey and took two weeks to complete.   The results show there were no differences in gender, education and income levels between the two groups. In the internet group, however, there were more younger and fewer older people.    A comparison of the respondents’...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Web-based surveys; Internet surveys; Paper-based surveys; Stated preference; Collection mode; Choice experiments.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94941

Comparing Scientist and Public Preferences for Conserving Environmental Systems: A Case of the Kimberley’s Tropical Waterways and Wetlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rogers,   Abbie A.; Cleland,   Jonelle.
This study uses choice modelling to investigate public and expert preference divergence through a valuation of the Kimberley’s tropical waterways and wetlands in Western Australia. A sample of Australian tropical river scientists participated in an identical survey to the West Australian public. Within the public sample, a split survey design is utilised to examine the effects of information on preferences – a low information version provided sufficient information for respondents to participate in the survey, while a high information version provided a more thorough and detailed description of the attributes. Divergent preferences are apparent between the public and scientist samples. This is illustrated through two key results: first, an attempt to merge...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107579

Comparing Sustainable Value Approach, Data Envelopment Analysis and indicator approaches - An application on German dairy farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ehrmann,   Markus.
Objective of this paper is to compare different measurement concepts for sustainability at farm level in Germany: a) Sustainable Value Approach (SV), b) Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and c) indicator approaches close to KUL (Criteria for an Ecologically Compatible Land Management). The mathematical programming model FARMIS is extended wrt the underlying subject and applied for quantitative analysis. Indicators based on physical inputs are calculated based on monetary data of national FADN data. The methods are applied to a sample of about 4000 representative dairy farms. Results of SV are given in both absolute values and return-to-cost ratios which take farm size into account. Considering relationships between methods we found out that correlation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainable Value Approach; Agriculture sustainability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44140

Comparing the Conventional Stated Preference Valuation Technique with a Prediction Approach.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yadav,   Lava; van Rensburg,   Tom M.; Kelley,   Hugh.
Stated preference techniques have been used to place values on public goods by directly asking individuals to provide their personal values and opinions. This method has consistently resulted in the emergence of hypothetical bias. Several insights from the psychology literature suggest that social desirability bias, a contributor to hypothetical bias, occurs when individuals face such direct questions. However, replacing the direct questions with an indirect one that asks for their predictions about other’s values can potentially eliminate this bias. In this study we employ both questioning formats in a choice experiment to make comparisons between the stated responses. Predicted willingness to pay is 2.5 and 3.1 times smaller than hypothetical values...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stated Preference Techniques; Discrete Choice Experiments; Hypothetical Bias; Social Desirability Bias; Lake Wabegon Effect; False Consensus Effect; Willingness to Pay; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91728

Comparing the Copenhagen emissions targets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jotzo,   Frank.
Following the Copenhagen climate Accord, developed and developing countries have pledged to cut their greenhouse gas emissions, emissions intensity or emissions relative to baseline. This analysis puts the targets for the major countries on a common footing, and compares them across different metrics. Targeted changes in absolute emissions differ markedly between countries, with continued strong increases in some developing countries but significant decreases in others including Indonesia, Brazil and South Africa, provided reasonable baseline projections are used. Differences are smaller when emissions are expressed in per capita terms. Reductions in emissions intensity of economies implicit in the targets are remarkably similar across developed and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Copenhagen Accord; Emissions targets; Emissions intensity; Business-as-usual; Cross-country comparison.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107577

Comparing the Cost-Effectiveness of Water Conservation Policies in a Depleting Aquifer: A Dynamic Analysis of the Kansas High Plains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ding,   Ya; Peterson,   Jeffrey M.
This research analyzes two groundwater conservation policies in the Kansas High Plains located within the Ogallala aquifer: 1) cost-share assistance to increase irrigation efficiency; and 2) incentive payments to convert irrigated crop production to dryland crop production. To compare the cost-effectiveness of these two policies, a dynamic model simulated a representative irrigator’s optimal technology choice, crop selection, and irrigation water use over time. The results suggest that the overall water-saving effectiveness can be improved when different policy tools are considered under different conditions. High prevailing crop prices greatly reduce irrigators’ incentive to give up irrigation and therefore cause low enrollment and ineffectiveness of the...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Cost-share program; Incentive payments; Ogallala aquifer; Dynamic optimization; Groundwater conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q30; Q32; Q38.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123781

Comparing the Effectiveness of Regulation and Pro-Social Emotions to Enhance Cooperation: Experimental Evidence from Fishing Communities in Colombia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Maria Claudia; Murphy,   James J.; Spraggon,   John M.; Stranlund,   John K.
This paper presents the results from a series of framed field experiments conducted in fishing communities off the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The goal is to investigate the relative effectiveness of exogenous regulatory pressure and pro-social emotions in promoting cooperative behavior in a public goods context. The random public revelation of an individual’s contribution and its consequences for the rest of the group leads to significantly higher public good contributions and social welfare than regulatory pressure, even under regulations that are designed to motivate fully efficient contributions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public goods; Field experiments; Pro-social emotions; Social dilemma; Regulation; Enforcement.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C93; H41; Q20; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53126

Comparing the profitability of farming and forestry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evison,   David.
This paper updates an analysis of returns from major productive land uses in New Zealand carried out in 2008. Trends in profitability over time are shown, and a preliminary investigation of the relationship between land-use change towards forestry (new land planting) and forestry profitability is described.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Profitability; Farming; Forestry; Land use; Land-use change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99682

Comparing the profitability of sheep, beef, dairy and grain farms in southwest Victoria under different rainfall scenarios
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Browne,   Natalie; Kingwell,   Ross S.; Behrendt,   Ralph; Eckard,   Richard.
Dryland farming is commonplace in Australia so the profitability of dryland farms often depends on the amount and timing of rainfall. With drier weather conditions featuring in climate change projections for southern Australia, it is important to understand the relationships between rainfall, commodity prices and farm profitability. Using correlated farm commodity and input prices from the past nine years, farm profitability was calculated for a range of farm types in southwest Victoria under low, average and high rainfall scenarios. Fourteen representative farms were examined that included production of Merino fine wool, prime lamb, beef cattle, milk, wheat and canola. This paper compares and contrasts the spread of profitability of these farms against...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Dryland farming; Farm enterprises; Climate change; Price variability; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124249

Comparing Welfare Estimates from Fixed Status Quo Attributes vs People’s Perceived Attributes of Water Quality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   Dan; Mkwara,   Lena Asimenye.
Data from a choice experiment on the community’s preferences for water quality improvements in streams was used to assess the effect of using a fixed status quo versus people’s perceived status quo on willingness to pay values. More than 50% of respondents perceived the quality of water in streams to be different to the status quo in the initial experimental design. Study results have shown that respondents who opted for their own perceived status quo alternative had stronger preferences and higher willing to pay for water quality improvements than their counterparts.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice experiments; Fixed status quo; People’s perceived status quo; Willingness to pay; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97155

Comparison at Dairy Farm Level of Different Policies to Decrease Nutrient Losses to Ground and Surface Waters in the Netherlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berentsen,   Paul B.M.
This paper describes and compares two governmental policies that aim to decrease nutrient losses from farming to ground and surface waters in the Netherlands. The mineral bookkeeping system (MINAS) is the first policy. It is applied in the Netherlands since 1998 and it is based on a farm gate balance approach. This national policy was definitely rejected on October 2, 2003 by the EU Court of Justice as it was considered not to comply fully with the EU Nitrate Directive. Consequently, the Netherlands developed the Application Standards Policy (ASP) based on a soil balance approach which will replace MINAS starting 2006. Especially for dairy farming, that combines plant and animal production, nutrient input and output at soil level are hard to determine as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy farming; Nutrient losses; Environmental policy; Nitrate directive; Cost-effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24290

Comparison of Approaches to Estimating Demand for Payment for Environmental Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Satimanon,   Monthien; Lupi,   Frank.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61288

COMPARISON OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY-INDUCED DEMAND SHIFTS USING TIME-SERIES AND CROSS-SECTION DATA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loomis,   John B.; Cooper,   Joseph C.
Almost all applications of the Travel-Cost-Method demand function which include site quality variable(s) are multisite models. The results of this study serve as a note of warning that using the demand equation derived from multisite cross-sectional data to perform a benefit-cost analysis of changes in quality at a single site may not accurately predict the resulting change in the number of trips to that site. In this situation, estimates of the benefits of quality improvements may be unreliable.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32508

Comparison of Funding and Demand for the Conservation of the Charismatic Koala with those for the Critically Endangered Wombat Lasiorhinus krefftii
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
This study contrasts the actual conservation spending and the Australian public’s demand for conservation funding for two Australian mammal species, the koala and the northern hairy-nosed wombat. It involves a survey of 204 members of the Australian public. Willingness to fund conservation action to protect the northern hairy-nosed wombat was found to be higher than that for the koala despite the koala’s immense popularity. The critically endangered status of the northern-hairy nosed wombat and the more secure conservation status of the koala is a factor likely to have influenced the comparative willingness-to-pay decisions. Actual annual conservation expenditure for both species is lower than the estimated aggregate willingness-to-pay for their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Charismatic fauna; Conservation demand; Conservation funding; Contingent valuation; Endangerment; Koala; Lasiorhinus krefftii; Northern hairy-nosed wombat; Phascolarctos cinereus; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55067

Comparison of Two Angler Data Collection Methods In North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baltezore,   James F.; Leitch,   Jay A.; Vachal,   Shawn R.
North Dakota's recreational fishing industry is an important part of the state's economic base. Resident and nonresident anglers spent nearly $260 million dollars on fishing-related activities in the state in 1990 (Baltezore and Leitch 1992). Management of a resource that generates this amount of economic activity requires accurate and periodic information. Management uses information in at least two ways. Information is initially used to make a decision. Once a decision is made, additional information is collected to assess the results or outcomes of that decision. In effect, information is used to make a decision and monitor changes resulting from that decision (Kerestes and Leitch 1983). Periodic information is needed to monitor the outcomes of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51163

Compensation for the taking of Resource Interests: Practices in Relation to the Wet Tropics and Fraser Island, General Principles and their Relevance to the Extension of Dugong Protected Areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Loss of private rights; Dugong; Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53639

COMPENSATION FOR WILDLIFE DAMAGE: HABITAT CONVERSION, SPECIES PRESERVATION AND LOCAL WELFARE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rondeau,   Daniel; Bulte,   Erwin H.
We study the environmental and economic consequences of introducing a program to compensate peasants of a small economy for the damage caused by wildlife. We show that the widely held belief that compensation induces wildlife conservation may be erroneous. In a partially open economy, compensation can lower the wildlife stock and result in a net welfare loss for local people. In an open economy, compensation can trigger wildlife extinction and also reduce welfare. The conditions leading to a reduction of the wildlife stock are identified and the implications for current and planned compensation programs are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18158

COMPETENCE ACQUISITION IN RETAIL FOOD: EFFICIENT CONSUMER RESPONSE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marcus,   Alfred; Spielmann,   Brian; Qu,   Lu.
Based on interviews with retail food store managers and a subsequent survey, this paper traces the pathways that spawn competence acquisition in the retail food industry.  It finds that having an essential capability for learning, that is, obtaining new ideas, concepts, methods, tends to breed competencies in a number of areas which are of both business and social significance. In this study, the capacity of this essential capability to generate competencies in efficient consumer response (ECR) and environmental management (EM) are examined.  These competencies have attracted the attention of the retail food industry in its efforts to become more competitive with alternative retail food channels.  The results show that firms possessing the essential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14345

COMPETING IN THE 21ST CENTURY: DEMANDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bryson,   Nancy.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33163

Competition and Evolution in Economics and Ecology Compared
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial economics; Species interdependence; Industrial evolution; Biological evolution; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90506

Competition, Evolution and Optimisation: Comparisons of Models in Economics and Ecology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Discusses concepts of competition in economics and ecology and the relevance of evolution to both subjects. It is suggested that although speciation or increasing biodiversity tends to occur in undisturbed ecological systems, the opposite trend may occur in economic systems. Competition based on optimisation plays a significant role in theories of the evolution of species and some theories of the evolution of business or industrial structures. But evolution does not result in optimal selection of species or businesses for the future, and there is scope for doubt about what is being optimised by survivors in the evolutionary process. Ecological or biological theories of intra-specific competition involving scramble and contest competition are outlined and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biology; Competition; Evolution; Market development; Optimisation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48384

Competition-Based Environmental Policy: An Analysis of Farmland Preservation in Maryland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horowitz,   John K.; Lynch,   Lori; Stocking,   Andrew.
This paper studies bidder behavior in an innovative program in which farmers compete to sell their development rights to the State. We derive a reduced form bidding model that includes both private value and common value components. This model allows us to estimate the role of bidder competition, the winner’s curse correction, and the underlying distribution of private values. We find that competition reducelers adjust for a possible winner’s curse by increasing their bids by roughly 10 percent over their reservation values. Using the inferred reservation values, we compare this program to an alternative take-it-or-leave-it offer. We find that a take-it-or-leave-it offer of 50 percent of development values would have preserved more farmland for an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farmland preservation; First-price auctions; Interdependent values; Winners curse; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7340

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF POLISH ORGANIC SECTOR IN LIGHT OF CO-EXISTANCE BETWEEN GMO AND NON-GM PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maciejczak,   Mariusz.
The perfect segregation of the different agricultural production types, namely conventional, organic or based on genetically modified organisms is not possible in practice. But the side by side functioning of this systems in agricultural production and further on of the products on the shelves requires suitable measures during cultivation, harvest, transport, storage, and processing to ensure co-existence. Consumers, food and feed industry, as well as wholesalers and retailers in European Union, including Polish ones demand a reasonable degree of choice between GMO and non-GMO derived products. Accordingly the ability to maintain different agricultural production and processing systems is a pre-requisite for providing a high degree of consumer choice. As...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Organic agriculture; Competitive advantage; Coexistance; GMO; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58905

Compétitivité de la filière anacarde au Bénin: une analyse des effets aux prix de référence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oloukoi,   L.; Adegbola,   Patrice Ygue.
La politique agricole du Bénin connaît depuis quelques années, de profonds changements. En effet, les différentes imperfections du marché et les risques liés à la monoculture ont amené l’Etat à opter pour une diversification agricole. Ainsi, neuf (09) filières dont la filière anacarde sont identifiées comme prioritaires. Cette étude utilise la Matrice d’Analyse des Politiques (MAP) pour évaluer la compétitivité des différents segments de la filière anacarde au Bénin. A cet effet, une enquête quantitative est menée auprès des différents acteurs à savoir 198 producteurs, 61 commerçants et 7 transformateurs. Les résultats issus de l’étude montrent que les systèmes de production, de commercialisation et de transformation de la filière sont tous compétitifs....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51998

Complex Policy Choices about Agricultural Externalities: Efficiency, Equity and Acceptability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
A feature of the research contribution of Konrad Hagedorn is his proposals for the integration of economic, social and political dimensions of agricultural policy. His wholistic approach involves, in part, an extension of new institutionalism to public policy. This article identifies a number of difficulties that arise in choosing public policies for regulating externalities generated by agricultural activity. First, it is noted that finding an economically efficient agricultural policy can be difficult because the functions involved can be irregular – they may involve features associated with the mathematics of catastrophe. This adds to the complexity of public decision-making and adds to the bounds in rational choice. Secondly, in the light of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Public policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55107

COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL FARM MANAGEMENT; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ciani,   Adriano.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14397

Conflicts over natural resources and the environment: Economics and Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Clevo; Tisdell,   Clement A.
None
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Natural Resource conflict; Economic security; Shared resources; Asia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/145100

Confronting the environmental consequences of the Green Revolution in Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pingali,   Prabhu L.; Rosegrant,   Mark W.
Intensive double or triple monocropping of rice has caused degradation of the paddy micro environment and reductions in rice yield growth in many irrigated areas in Asia. Problems include increased pest infestation, mining of soil micronutrients, reductions in nutrient-carrying capacity of the soil, build-up of soil toxicity, and salinity and waterlogging. Emerging sustainability problems in intensive rice agriculture show the need for a greater understanding of the physical, biological and ecological consequences of agricultural intensification and greater research attention to long term management of the agricultural resource base.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42825

Confronting Uncertainty and Missing Values in Species Conservation Investment with Environmental Value Transfer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akter,   Sonia; Grafton,   R. Quentin.
Decision tools for species conservation, such as benefit cost analysis (BCA) and project prioritization protocol (PPP) use monetary values to measure benefits or to assign priorities across species. Non-use (or passive) values are an important, yet difficult to quantify, category of benefits. When not estimated they may be assigned a zero value by decision makers. This results in the under-provision of conservation dollars to substantial non-use values generating projects and actions.  To overcome the problem, we provide a guide to environmental value transfer (EVT) that allows decision makers to derive indirect estimates of non-use values. Environmental value transfer, together with consideration of estimated benefits uncertainty, promise better decision...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental value transfer; Species conservation; Non-use values; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94826

Consequences of Biofuel Policies on U.S. Farm Household Wealth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keeney,   Roman.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49456

Conservation and Economic Benefits of Wildlife-based Marine Tourism: Sea Turtles and Whales as Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Clevo; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tourism development can have positive and/or negative impacts on wildlife. However, if tourism is developed in accordance with the basic tenets of wildlife tourism such an activity can be sustainable and can aid the conservation of species.  Based on two case studies in Queensland, Australia, this article outlines the various economic and conservation benefits arising from wildlife-based tourism. Some of the benefits are direct, such as tangible economic benefits, others are less tangible, such as increased visitors’ willingness to pay in principle for the conservation of species. Wildlife-based tourism is shown to foster political support for the conservation of species utilized for such tourism by various mechanisms. Non-consumptive uses of wildlife are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecotourism; Sea turtles; Whales; Economic and conservation benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48734

Conservation and Environmental Policy Options and Consequences for the 1990 Farm Bill
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ayer,   Harry W.; Abdalla,   Charles W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60335

Conservation Auctions and Compliance: Theory and Evidence from Laboratory Experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kawasaki,   Kentaro; Fujie,   Takeshi; Koito,   Kentaro; Inoue,   Norikazu; Sasaki,   Hiroki.
Poster prepared for presentation at the Agricultural &amp; Applied Economics Association 2010 AAEA,CAES, &amp; WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, July 25-27, 2010.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Conservation contracting; Compliance; Environmental Economics and Policy; C91; D44; Q24.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61188

Conservation Auctions in Manitoba: A Summary of a Series of Workshops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Packman,   Katherine; Boxall,   Peter C.
Currently, the effect of human impact on the environment is becoming increasingly apparent. The encroachment of human activity has inevitably resulted in the loss or impairment of ecological goods and services (EG&amp;S) around the globe as well as in our own backyard. EG&amp;S include features such as wildlife habitat, biodiversity, soil renewal, or nutrient cycling. The loss of such features has become a sobering reality for Manitobans in the face of the utrophication of Lake Winnipeg as a result of practices contributing to nutrient loading into the lake. Since EG&amp;S are very important to Manitobans, efforts are being made to explore different vehicles to encourage their provision. In order to address some of the environmental issues transpiring in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market based instruments; Conservation auction; Tender; Wetland restoration; Environmental Economics and Policy; D44; Q20; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91423

CONSERVATION CAPITAL AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramirez,   Donna Theresa J.; Khanna,   Madhu; Zilberman,   David.
This paper develops an endogenous growth model which links pollution to ineffective input-use, which can be reduced through conservation capital investment. It derives the conditions under which individual preferences for environmental quality and private investment in conservation capital can lead to non-decreasing environmental quality and balanced growth in an unregulated and in a regulated regime.  In the absence of regulation, balanced growth can lead to improvement in environmental quality as long as the rate of growth is low. The extent to which the growth rate is low depends upon preference for environmental quality, interest and discount rates, productivity of conservation capital, and price of the polluting input.  Under an emissions tax regime,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19846

Conservation Compliance: The Once and Future Farm Environmental Policy Tool
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zulauf,   Carl R.; Sohngen,   Brent; Hoskinson,   Lindsey; Lines,   Allan E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93707

Conservation land acquisition lists and nearby property values: evidence from the Florida Forever programme
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beal-Hodges,   Mary.
Agencies throughout the world are implementing plans to preserve open spaces. The demand to preserve open space is often justified based on the value of the amenities associated with the land. However, many times open space is valued most for what it is not: the absence of negative externalities associated with development of the open space. Florida has the most ambitious programme for acquiring conservation land of any state or nation in the world. Using evidence from Florida, this study determines whether being added to a conservation land acquisition list affects nearby property values. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection claims that being on the list should not trigger any changes in property values. The results of the hedonic regression...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Open space; Environmental economics; Property values; Hedonic; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122442

CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY AND AFRICAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE: A MARKET INCENTIVES AND LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saner,   Nicola.
The hidden economy surrounding the medicinal plant trade in South Africa is estimated to be worth approximately $60 to $100 billion per annum. There is increasing focus on the role that these resources play in the process of sustainable development. By combining Local Economic Development (LED), incentive structures and resource management systems strategies in the Eastern Cape, biodiversity degradation can be potentially decreased in line with community development goals. Qualitative data comparisons are used to assess the extent of the success of this holistic approach to development using the Umthathi Africulture Project as a case study.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Local economic development (LED); Traditional African medicine; Biodiversity; Sustainable development; Resource management systems; Tragedy of the commons incentives; Umthathi training project.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99247

CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED SPECIES: CAN INCENTIVES WORK FOR PRIVATE LANDOWNERS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langpap,   Christian.
It has been argued that the traditional regulatory approach of the Endangered Species Act, based on land-use restrictions, has failed to protect endangered species on private land. In response, there has been a call for the use of incentives to complement this regulatory approach. This paper examines the potential of incentives programs to elicit conservation-oriented management choices from landowners. Data obtained from a survey of non-industrial private forest owners in Oregon and Washington is used to examine the effectiveness of various incentives. The results indicate that incentives, in particular compensation and assurances, can be effective in increasing the conservation effort provided by landowners. The results also suggest that conservation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Incentives; Regulation; Endangered Species Act; Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q220; Q230; Q280; K320.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21972

Conservation of the Proboscis Monkey and the Orangutan in Borneo: Comparative Issues and Economic Considerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
Concentrating on their presence in Borneo, the ecology and conservation of two large Southeast Asian primates, the orangutan Pongo pymaeus and the proboscis monkey Nasalis larvatus are reviewed. The former species occurs only in Borneo and Sumatra and the latter only in Borneo. The comparative threats facing these two endangered primates and their approximate numbers in the wild are put into perspective. The long-term survival of both species is adversely affected by the degradation and conversion of their suitable forest habitat by logging and agriculture, the occurrence of hunting, poaching and forest fires. The effectiveness of measures to conserve these species are discussed and evaluated from the standpoint of economics. It is concluded that informed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Proboscis Monkey; Orangutan; Borneo; Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55097

Conservation Payments, Liquidity Constraints and Off-Farm Labor: Impact of the Grain for Green Program on Rural Households in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uchida,   Emi; Rozelle,   Scott; Xu,   Jintao.
This study evaluates the off-farm labor response of rural households participating in the Grain for Green program in China, the largest conservation set-aside program in the developing world. Using a panel data set that we designed and implemented, we examine the impact of the program on changes in off-farm labor participation between 1999 (pre-program) and 2004 (post-program) using a difference-in-differences approach and several extensions that account for program intensity. We also test whether the program impact is diverse depending on level of physical and human capital of participants.  We find that on average the Grain for Green program has a positive effect on off-farm labor participation. Importantly, however, we find that program effects vary...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payments for environmental services; Off-farm labor supply; Grain for Green program; China; Program evaluation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; J22; O13; Q23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9698

Conservation Payments under Risk: A Stochastic Dominance Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benitez,   Pablo C.; Kuosmanen,   Timo; Olschewski,   Roland; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Updated version of REPA Working Paper 2004-05.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agroforest systems; Conservation payments; Land allocation; Portfolio diversification; Risk; Stochastic dominance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C73; O54; Q23; Q57; R14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37024

Conservation Reserve Program Participation and Acreage Enrollment of Working Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   Dayton M.; Sullivan,   Patrick.
Among Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) participants, there is a distinction between farm households using the program to ease out of farming and those using the program to augment production receipts. We find evidence that factors other than farm profitability and environmental factors may influence program participation of farmers who continue agricultural production. Program payments and farm size positively correlate with the amount of land enrolled in the CRP, and characteristics of participants in land retirement and working-lands CRP components are similar.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21361

Conservation Tillage, Pesticide Use, and Biotech Crops in the U.S.A.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge; Hallahan,   Charles B.; Nehring,   Richard F.; Wechsler,   Seth James; Grube,   Arthur.
This paper presents the first part of an ongoing project whose objective is to present a long term relationship between conservation tillage, adoption of GE crops and pesticide use for major crops in the United States. In addition, the project aims to provide some innovative tests on causality using a panel data set.  This paper presents preliminary results for soybeans.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation tillage; Biotechnology; Genetically engineered crops; Soybeans; Herbicides; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60941

Conservation Value
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper outlines the significance of the concept of conservation value and discusses ways in which it is determined paying attention to views stemming from utilitarian ethics and from deontological ethics. The importance of user costs in relation to economic decisions about the conservation and use of natural resources is emphasised. Particular attention is given to competing views about the importance of conserving natural resources in order to achieve economic sustainability. This then lends to a discussion of the value of conserving natural resources in order to meet the moral obligations of present generations to future generations. Anthropogenic views of the value of conserving natural resources (for example, derived from utilitarian ethics) are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Anthropogenic values; Conservation value; Deontological ethics; Ecocentric values; Economic sustainability; Intergenerational equity; Natural resources; Neo-Malthusianism; Precautionary motive; Sustainability; Sustainable development; User costs; Utilitarian ethics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q20; Q30; Q50; Q51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90879

CONSIDERING MARKET-BASED ALTERNATIVES TO IMPROVE THE MANAGEMENT OF CAFOs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skees,   Jerry R.; Black,   J. Roy; Gramig,   Benjamin M.
This paper presents a proposal to utilize insurance as a market-based alternative to traditional command-and-control regulation of concentrated animal feeding operations in order to meet policy goals to curtail negative environmental externalities.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22248

CONSISTENCY AND OPTIMALITY IN A DYNAMIC GAME OF POLLUTION CONTROL I: COMPETITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
I model the interaction between a regulator and polluting firms as a Stackelberg differential game in which the regulator leads. The firms create pollution, which results in a stock externality. I analyze the intertemporal effects of alternate pollution control measures in a competitive industry. The principal issue here concerns the dynamic inconsistency of the optimal solution. Inter alia, I compare the steady state levels of pollution under optimal and under time consistent policies.   Forthcoming in Environmental and Resource Economics
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental; Regulation; Tax; Dynamic; Game; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; H32; D62.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28351

CONSOLIDATION, DELIMITATION AND STALEMATE. Disruptive Interplay and Strategic Incentives in the CBD-TRIPS Relationship
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jungcurt,   Stefan; Meyer,   Thomas.
The relationship between the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the WTO Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is characterized by a persistent potential for disruptions in implementation, such as 'biopiracy' conflicts, because of the agreements' incompatible provisions on property rights over genetic resources. The lack of consolidation is often explained by attempts to strategicallly exploit interplay between the two istitutions. Countries of the North and the South are said to push for provisions under their preferred agreement in order to circumvent obligations under the other. We develop an alternative explanation based on a conception of international negotiators acting as agents of particular interest...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18843

CONSTRAINING PHOSPHORUS IN SURFACE WATER: DAIRY FARM RESOURCE USE AND PROFITABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanchar,   John J.; Knoblauch,   Wayne A.; Milligan,   Robert A.
The New York City Watershed Agricultural Program (NYCU7AJP) seeks to reduce the potential for phosphorus movement from farms to surface waters. Toward this objective, a "Phosphorus Index for Site Evaluation" P-Index) provides planners in the NYCWAP with a tool for identifying problems and evaluating solutions. A linear programming model was used to examine dairy farm resource use and profitability given resource constraints and constraints on the values of the P-Index. Results indicate dramatic differences in expected effects on resource use and returns above variable costs between less restrictive targets in the upper end of the "medium" (for example, 24 and 17) and more restrictive targets in the lower end of the range (for example, 13 through 10). The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7247

Constraining Phosphorus in Surface Waters of the New York City Watershed: Dairy Farm Resource Use and Profitability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanchar,   John J.; Knoblauch,   Wayne A.; Milligan,   Robert A.
The New York City Watershed Agricultural Program seeks to reduce the potential for phosphorus movement from farms to surface waters. A "phosphorus index for site evaluation" (P-index) provides planners in the New York City Watershed Agricultural Program with a tool for identifying individual farm business, phosphorus related problems, and evaluating solutions. A linear programming model is employed to examine dairy farm resource use and profitability, with the P-index used to impose phosphorus movement constraints. Results indicate dramatic differences in farm resource use and farm business profitability depending on the level of the P-index. Small changes in the target index level result in large shifts in optimal resource use and business profitability....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31622

CONSTRUCCIÓN SOCIAL DE CONCEPTOS: POSICIONES DE DIFERENTES ACTORES DE LA CADENA PRODUCTIVA PORCINA PARTICIPANTES EN ARENAS LOCALES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trentin,   Iran Carlos Lovis; Villaberde,   Maria; Pereira,   F.; Sabanes,   Leandro; Martinez,   R.
La cuestión ambiental, la sustentabilidad, una producción de alimentos más sanos son temas que cuentan con una universalidad conceptual, pero también dependen de disputas locales alcanzando así una universalidad social construida. Entender las posiciones sociales de los diferentes actores involucrados en la cadena productiva porcina permitirá identificar un contexto especifico en el cual se dan las diferentes visiones productivas que influyen en las acciones de los agricultores familiares. Las “arenas” constituyen escenarios donde los diferentes actores no solo confrontan sus diferentes recurso argumentativos sino que llevan adelante sus acciones. En estos escenarios locales algunos actores pueden influir en la posición de otros. Así, cuando los...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cuestión ambiental; Posiciones sociale; Percepciones; Agricultura familiar; Ocial positions. Preceptions- Familiar Agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109587

Construction Cost Sensitivity of a Lignocellulosic Ethanol Biorefinery
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busby,   David P.; Philips,   Andrew L.; Herndon,   Cary W., Jr.
The technology has been developed to convert feedstock with cellulose content into ethanol. However, ethanol produced from cellulosic feedstock is the same as ethanol distilled from grain. The objective of research is to determine the price per gallon of ethanol needed so that producing lignocellulosic based ethanol become economically feasible.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6784

Construction of National Nature Reserves System in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zheng,   Haiyang; Wang,   Guoxiang.
This paper introduces the construction status of National Nature Reserves in China, and then it points out some primary problems in the construction of National Nature Reserves. Finally, we put forward some related countermeasures and suggestions.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: National nature Reserves of China; Construction status; Biodiversity conservation; Management; Development countermeasures; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53513

Consumer Attitudes towards Sustainability Attributes on Food Labels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tait,   Peter R.; Miller,   Sini; Abell,   Walter L.; Kaye-Blake,   William; Guenther,   Meike; Saunders,   Caroline M.
Concerns about climate change and the general status of the environment have increased expectation that food products have sustainability credentials, and that these can be verified. There are significant and increasing pressures in key export markets for information on Greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity of products throughout its life-cycle. How this information is conveyed to consumers is a key issue. Labelling is a common method of communicating certain product attributes to consumers that may influence their choices. In a choice experiment concerning fruit purchase decisions, this study estimates willingness to pay for sustainability attributes by consumers in Japan and the UK. The role of label presentation format is investigated: text only, text and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Willingness to pay; Choice experiment; Food labelling; Sustainability; Cross-country comparison; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q18; Q51; Q56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100716

Consumer attitudes towards sustainability attributes on food labels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.; Guenther,   Meike; Kaye-Blake,   William; Miller,   Sini; Tait,   Peter R.
With current concerns about climate change and the general status of the environment, there is an increasing expectation that products have sustainability credentials, and that these can be verified. Labelling is a common method of communicating certain product attributes to consumers that may influence their choices. There are different types of labels with several functions. The aim of this study is to investigate consumers‟ purchase decisions towards certain sustainability claims on food products, particularly by displaying the reduction of carbon emissions. Choice outcomes will be evaluated using Discrete Choice Modelling (DCM). Data for the study is obtained by a web-based consumer survey undertaken in the United Kingdom (UK). Results provide...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food labeling; Carbon footprint; Discrete choice modeling; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96944

Consumer Interest in Environmentally Beneficial Chicken Feeds:  Comparing High Available Phosphorus Corn and Other Varieties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pesek,   John D., Jr.; Bernard,   John C.; Gupta,   Meeta.
One source of phosphorous pollution in areas of high chicken production is runoff from fields using fertilizer from these operations. A potential solution is to feed chicken high available phosphorus (HAP) corn, reducing phosphorus in manure. This study examined consumer purchase likelihood of chickens fed HAP, created traditionally or through genetic modification, and other genetically modified (GM) corn including Bt and Roundup-ready. Survey results from the Delmarva Peninsula found considerable interest in non-GM HAP corn, although GM HAP corn was not typically viewed as more acceptable than other GM varieties. Overall, the marketplace appears open to products geared toward environmental benefits.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Chicken; Conjoint analysis; Corn; Genetically modified; Heteroscedastic; Phosphorus pollution; Tobit; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q13; D12; C24.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117945

CONSUMER PREFERENCE AND DEMAND FOR ORGANIC FOOD: EVIDENCE FROM A VERMONT SURVEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Qingbin; Sun,   Junjie.
While organic farming has been identified as an effective way to improve food safety and environment quality, the adoption of organic production and processing is highly determined by the market demand for organic food products.  To assess the market potential for organic apples and milk, a conjoint analysis is conducted in the state of Vermont to examine consumer evaluation of major product attributes and their tradeoffs.  Results suggest that there is likely a significant niche market for organic apples and milk and many consumers, especially people who have purchased organic food products, are willing to pay more for organic apples and milk produced locally and certified by NOFA.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22080

Consumer Preferences for Refrigerators Manufactured by “Climate Leaders”
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Xiaogu; Clark,   Christopher D.; Jensen,   Kimberly L.; Yen,   Steven T.
In 2002, EPA established a voluntary program called the Climate Leaders Program (CL Program) designed for organizations to complete a corporate greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory, set a goal for reducing GHG emissions, and achieve that goal.  The program was never implemented as a product labeling program. In 2010, EPA announced the program’s phase out. This study examines whether the CL Program could have been effectively used as a consumer product labeling program to assist consumers in choosing products manufactured by firms that have voluntarily set and achieved targeted GHG emission reductions.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer Preferences; Climate Leaders; Willingness-to-Pay; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q50; Q58.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123756

Consumer's behaviour with respect to meat demand in the presence of animal disease concerns: the special case of consumers who eat bison, elk, and venison
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Myae,   Aye C.; Goddard,   Ellen W.
Prion diseases have raised concerns in consumer’s minds about food safety associated with meat world-wide. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) both exist in Canada and consumer markets for beef, bison, elk and deer may have been affected by the diseases.  While numerous studies have examined Canadian consumer beef purchasing behavior in the presence of BSE (Lomeli (2005), John(2007)), no examination of the impact of the animal diseases on consumer behavior for households who consume bison, elk and venison as part of their protein intake has been undertaken. In this study, meat consumption behavior for these specific households is examined, in particular, examining meat substitution possibilities between the exotic meats...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer's behaviour with respect to meat demand; Consumers who eat bison; Elk; And venison; BSE; CWD; Media coverage; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61468

Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Bacteriophage Technology Treated Fresh Produce
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Goktepe,   Ipek; Naanwaab,   Cephas B.; Kyei,   Foster Ofori.
The United States is remarkably safe, when it comes to food supply. Nevertheless, food can become contaminated with a variety of germs. According to reports by a food safety group of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, food-borne illness caused by bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella not only take a huge toll on American consumers’ health but they cost the United States an estimated $152 billion annually in health care and other losses. To curb this increasing phenomenon, there has been a reintroduction of bacteriophage in the treatment of bacteria on raw foods. This study utilized a survey questionnaire administered by telephone to consumers in four different states; Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.  In this study, as...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Willingness-to-pay; Bacteriophage; Fresh produce; Logit model; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119733

Consumers' Willingness-to-Pay for Perennial Grass Conversion to Renewable Energy in South-Central Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pham,   Matthew V.
Poster prepared for presentation at the Agricultural &amp; Applied Economics Association’s 2011 AAEA &amp; NAREA Joint Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, July 24-26, 2011
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Willingness-to-pay; Perennial Grass; Contingent Valuation; Economic Feasibility; Credit Stacking; Minnesota; Row Crops; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103604

Consumer's WTP for Environment-Friendly Production Methods and Collective Reputation for Place of Origin: The Case of Val di Gresta's Carrots
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scarpa,   Riccardo; Thiene,   Mara; Marangon,   Francesco.
This paper investigates preferences for various environment-friendly production system for carrots using discretechoice multi-attribute stated-preference data amongst buyers and explore the effect of collective reputations from growers of an Alpine valley known to be completely dedicated to organic production. Results show that buyers distinctly recognize only organic production as a production system different from the conventional one, and there is some evidence of recognition of collective reputation. As well as for marginal utility of income, substantial unobserved heterogeneity is found for many skin imperfections, origin from the organic Alpine valley and the organic production methods. The implied sample distributions of WTP for each of these random...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Mixed logit; Organic products; Marginal utility of income; Unobserved taste heterogeneity; Status-quo bias; Heteroskedasticity; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; C15; C25; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25637

Consumption and Precautionary Saving: An Empirical Analysis under Both Financial and Environmental Risks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baiardi,   Donatella; Manera,   Matteo; Menegatti,   Mario.
This paper studies the empirical relationship between consumption and saving under two different sources of uncertainty: financial risk and environmental risk. The analysis is carried out using time series data for six advanced economies in the period 1965-2007. The results support the theoretical conclusions that both financial risk alone and the interaction between financial and environmental risks affect consumption. Moreover, we suggest a solution to some shortcomings which concern the empirical analysis performed with one-argument utility functions. Finally, we provide new estimates of indexes of relative risk aversion and relative prudence, and relative preference of environmental quality.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumption; Precautionary Saving; Financial Risk; Environmental Risk; Prudence; Relative Risk Aversion; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; D81; E21; Q50.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115845

Consumption Ozone-Depleting Substances Impact in Central American GDAP: An Input Oriented Malmquist DEA Index
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zúniga-González,   Carlos Alberto.
Contribution to Second Congress Rural Development.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malmquist DEA Index; GDAP; ODS; Hydrochlorofluorocabons (HCFCs); Methyl bromide (Methyl Bromide); Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Q51; O47.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96677

Contingent Valuation, Hypothetical Bias, and Experimental Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murphy,   James J.; Stevens,   Thomas H.
Although the contingent valuation method has been widely used to value a diverse array of nonmarket environmental and natural resource commodities, recent empirical evidence suggests it may not accurately estimate real economic values. The hypothetical nature of environmental valuation surveys typically results in responses that are significantly greater than actual payments. Economists have had mixed success in developing techniques designed to control for this "hypothetical bias." This paper highlights the role of experimental economics in addressing hypothetical bias, and identifies a gap in the existing literature by focusing on the underlying causes of this bias. Most of the calibration techniques used today lack a theoretical justification, and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31262

Contract Design and Targeting for the Production of Public Goods in Agriculture: The Impact of the 2003 Cap Reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bartolini,   Fabio; Gallerani,   Vittorio; Raggi,   Meri; Viaggi,   Davide.
The objective of this paper is to compare different ways of designing agri-environmental contracts and to set targeting under adverse selection, comparing conditions before and after CAP reform 2003. The results suggest that the present contract structure may be relevantly improved through a more accurate design and a clearer target. The reform, through the decoupling mechanism, will contribute to reduce the opportunity cost of the adoption of agri-environmental measures. This may increase the optimal amount of public goods produced by agriculture and will encourage participation by farmers. However, in order to properly exploit the new conditions brought by the 2003 reform, it is necessary to review the way agri-environmental payments are assigned and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental schemes; Contracts; Multifunctional agriculture; CAP reform; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1; Q18; Q2.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24559

Contract design in agri-environmental schemes with fixed private transaction costs and countervailing incentives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viaggi,   Davide.
The aim of this paper is to test the relevance of considering private fixed transaction costs for contract design of Agri-Environmental Schemes, when transaction costs are negatively correlated to marginal compliance costs. In order to do so, a principal-agent model of contract design under adverse selection, including fixed private transaction costs, is developed. The model is applied to the design of payments in the Emilia Romagna region of Italy. The results show that fixed transaction costs in the range of those actually faced by farmers may significantly affect the optimal amount of environmental good to be produced by each farm type. In some cases, fixed transaction costs can even reverse the standard insight that more of a public good should be...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental schemes; Principal-agent; Countervailing incentives; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44322

Contract Designs and Participation in the Conservation Reserve Program in the Era of Biofuel Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   Feng; Guan,   Zhengfei.
This article has presented a farmer decision making model of participation in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) under the current rising bio-fuel production. The decision is specified as an optimal stopping problem and farming return is assumed following stochastic process with the uncertainty of growth rate. Nonliear Kalman filter approach is used to continuously upgrade the new information and estimate the random growth rate with the minimum error. The problem is formulated as a linear complementarity problem that is solved numerically using a fully implicit finite difference method.  It is found that participation in the CRP is sensitive to financial incentive, and shortening contract length is also an effective method to promote land enrollment in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation Reserve Program; Nonlinear Kalman Filter; Farmer Participation; Real Option; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51646

Contracting for Environmental Property Rights: The Case of Vittel
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Depres,   Christophe; Grolleau,   Gilles; Mzoughi,   Naoufel.
Based on an authentic case of contracting for environmental property rights, our paper shows several implications of applying the Coase’s propositions. The case study adds empirical content to basic transaction costs concepts by analyzing the design and implementation of a contractual arrangement between a pollutee –a bottler of mineral water Vittel– and several polluting farmers. We analyze the bargaining between land and water rights owners and the bottler Vittel to determine how transaction cost issues (valuation disputes, bi-lateral monopoly conditions, and third-party effects) were overcome and how they succeeded in contracting for environmental property rights. We provide several comparisons of the Vittel case with other similar cases, leading to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Case study; Contracting; Environmental property rights; Environmental-related transactions; Private arrangement; Vittel; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; K23; Q15; Q25.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24729

Contracting for Impure Public Goods: Carbon Offsets and Additionality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mason,   Charles F.; Plantinga,   Andrew J.
Governments contracting with private agents for the provision of an impure public good must contend with agents who would potentially supply the good absent any payments. This additionality problem is centrally important in the use of carbon offsets as part of climate change mitigation. Analyzing optimal contracts for forest carbon sequestration, an important offset category, we conduct a national-scale simulation using results from an econometric model of land-use change. The results indicate that for an increase in forest area of 50 million acres, annual government expenditures with optimal contracts are about $4 billion lower compared than under a uniform subsidy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Sequestration; Incentive Contracting; Offsets; Additionality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; D8; L15.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101290

CONTRACTING FOR NON-POINT-SOURCE POLLUTION ABATEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bystrom,   Olof; Bromley,   Daniel W.
This paper presents an incentive scheme to control agricultural non-point-source pollution. The analysis is based on a nested agent framework with three parties; farmers, a country's government, and the governments of all countries that affect each other's environmental quality. Unlike previous analysis of incentive schemes to control agricultural pollution, we suggest non-individual contracts between farmers and a regulating authority as a solution to the domestic pollution problem. Our incentive scheme proposes collective penalties as a way to control pollution. To solve the international problem of pollution management of a common (water) resource, we propose an international agency with authority to write and enforce contracts in each of its member...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12620

CONTRACTING FOR NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION ABATEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bystrom,   Olof; Bromley,   Daniel W.
This study presents an incentive scheme to control agricultural nonpoint-source pollution. The analysis is based on a principal-agent framework with two parties: farmers and a regulating authority. Our incentive scheme proposes collective penalties as a way to control pollution. Unlike previous analyses of incentive schemes to control agricultural pollution, we suggest nonindividual contracts between farmers and a regulating authority, where farmers can trade pollution abatement efforts. Findings show that the information requirement of a regulatory agency can be substantially reduced if contracts can be made nonindividual.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31176

CONTRACTING FOR SOIL CARBON CREDITS: DESIGN AND COSTS OF MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mooney,   Sian; Antle,   John M.; Capalbo,   Susan Marie; Paustian,   Keith H.
Many firms anticipate that a cap on greenhouse gas emissions will eventually be imposed, either through an international agreement like the Kyoto protocol or through domestic policy, and have started to take voluntary actions to reduce their emissions. If agricultural producers participate in the emerging market for tradable C-credits, it must be possible to verify that actions farmers take do increase the amount of C in soils and this increase can be maintained over the length of the contract.   In this paper we develop a prototype measurement and monitoring scheme for C-credits sequestered in agricultural soils and estimate its costs for the small grain-producing region of Montana using an econometric-process simulation model. Three key results emerge...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19616

Contracts for environmental outcomes: the use of financial contracts in environmental markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nemes,   Veronica; La Nauze,   Andrea; O'Neill,   James.
In environmental markets, parties frequently exchange obligations through environmental contracts. These contracts imply a distribution of risk between parties. The main focus of our paper is to identify contracts that enable risk in environmental markets to be reduced, distributed at least cost, or managed efficiently. The risks that we consider are: moral hazard risk, price risk, exogenous environmental risk, measurement risk and production risk. The first section of our paper outlines some of the contracts currently utilised in financial and insurance markets to achieve these objectives. These are: futures and options contracts, spread contracts, weather contracts and catastrophe bonds. We then provide a snapshot of current applications of these...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100576

Contrasting Working-Land and Land Retirement Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aillery,   Marcel P.
A multitude of design decisions influence the performance of voluntary conservation programs. This Economic Brief is one of a set of five exploring the implications of decisions policymakers and program managers must make about who is eligible to receive payments, how much can be received, for what action, and the means by which applicants are selected. In particular, this Brief focuses on potential tradeoffs in balancing land retirement with conservation on working lands.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34093

Contribution of integrated water resources management towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Donoso,   Guillermo; Cancino,   Jose P.
Published by Asociación de Economistas Agrarios de Chile
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Water and the millennium development goals; Millennium Development Goals; Integrated water resources management; Water resources and development.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104413

Contributions of U.S. Crop Subsidies to Biofuel and Related Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Devadoss,   Stephen; Bayham,   Jude.
The U.S. crop subsidies provide incentives for farmers to expand feedstock production, which benefits the biofuel producers by lowering input costs. This study develops a general equilibrium model to analyze the effects of a reduction in the U.S. crop subsidy on biofuel industries and social welfare. The impacts of feedstock policies on the biofuel market are marginal. In contrast, the biofuel mandate has a larger impact and counteracts the effects of the crop subsidy reduction. The mandate increases the demand for feedstock and causes not only grain ethanol, but also cellulosic ethanol production to rise. The mandate exacerbates the distortion, and government spending increases significantly, leading to greater welfare loss.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Environmental impacts; Farm supports; Welfare analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q18; Q27.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100525

Contributions towards climate change vulnerability and resilience from institutional economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diaz Simal,   P.; Torres Ortega,   S.
This paper analyzes the various contributions made in the economic literature that influence climate change vulnerability. We try to create conceptual order and transparence in the contributions identifying the assumptions and constraints that each school has introduced into academic debate and practical application. We analyze the conceptual framework that articulates the debate, review the theoretical approaches developed in the literature identifying the object of analysis and the basics of each theory, so that the real model implications are established in each case study. From this scheme we derive a clarifying proposal for organizing theoretical discourse. We specifically focus on the theoretical assumptions underlying each model. We conclude with...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Evolutionary; Institutional; Resilience; Vulnerability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q12; C23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117621

Control of Dioxins (and other Organochlorines) from the Pulp and Paper Industry under the Clean Water Act and Lead in Soil at Superfund Mining Sites: Two Case Studies in EPA's Use of Science
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Powell,   Mark R.
This paper discusses EPA's acquisition and use of science in addressing dioxins (and other organochlorines) from the pulp and paper industry under the Clean Water Act and lead in soil at large Superfund mining sites. The common thread between both cases is the challenge posed by administering national pollution control programs while considering site-by-site variability in factors that influence environmental risks. In the first case study, high levels of dioxin in fish downstream of pulp and paper mills were inadvertently detected in 1983 as part of an EPA effort to determine background levels of dioxin in areas presumed to be relatively uncontaminated. These findings quickly got the release of dioxins from pulp and paper mills on EPA's research agenda....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10610

Control of Environmental Pollution in Jiangsu Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yan,   Xu.
This paper introduces the problems in rural environment of Juangsu Province, and analyzes the causation of these problems. Finally, this paper discusses the related measures for controlling the rural environment of Juangsu Province.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Rural area; Ecology; Environmental pollution; Control; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53523

Control of Invasive Species: Lessons from Miconia in Hawaii
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaiser,   Brooks A.; Burnett,   Kimberly M.; Roumasset,   James A.
Once established, invasive species can rapidly and irreversibly alter ecosystems and degrade the value of ecosystem services. Optimal control of an exotic pest solves for a trajectory of removals that minimizes the present value of removal costs and residual damages from the remaining pest population. The shrubby tree, Miconia calvescens, is used to illustrate dynamic policy options for a forest invader. Potential damages to Hawaii's forest ecosystems are related to decreased aquifer recharge, biodiversity, and other ecosystem values. We find that population reduction is the optimal management policy for the islands of Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii. On the island of Kauai, where tree density is lower and search costs higher, optimal policy calls for deferring...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21301

CONTROL OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION THROUGH VOLUNTARY INCENTIVE-BASED POLICIES: AN APPLICATION TO NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN NEW YORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Peterson,   Jeffrey M.
A voluntary program is developed to achieve environmental goals through the self-interested choices of farmers under environmental risk and asymmetric information.  Farmers behave to maximize expected net returns, and environmental quality standards are formulated through chance constraints.  Because the government may not know each farmer's soil type, policy options must be self-selecting.  The model is applied empirically to nitrate leaching and runoff from corn production in three New York regions.  Asymmetric information between producers and the government would impose additional cost burdens on society, but these costs are modest in the context of other farm programs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31421

Controlling a Stock Pollutant with Endogenous Abatement Capital and Asymmetric Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhang,   Jiangfeng.
Non-strategic firms with rational expectations make investment and emissions decisions. The investment rule depends on firms' beliefs about future emissions policies. We compare emissions taxes and quotas when the (strategic) regulator and (nonstrategic) firms have asymmetric information about abatement costs, and all agents use Markov Perfect decision rules. Emissions taxes create a secondary distortion at the investment stage, unless a particular condition holds; emissions quotas do not create a secondary distortion. We solve a linear-quadratic model calibrated to represent the problem of controlling greenhouse gasses. The endogeneity of abatement capital favors taxes, and it increases abatement.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pollution control; Investment; Asymmetric information; Rational expectations; Choice of instruments; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D8; H21; Q28.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25071

Controlling Agricultural Emissions of Nitrates: Regulations versus Taxes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lally,   Breda; Riordan,   Brendan; van Rensburg,   Tom M.
Two policy instruments, input taxes and regulations, can be used to deal with nitrate pollution. However, in practice command and control (CAC) measures such as input regulations and management practices, as outlined in Action Programmes under the EU Nitrates Directive, rather than economic instruments, are commonly used to deal with nitrate pollution from agricultural sources. Action Programmes are to meant to ensure that the applications of nitrogen to farmland are within limits calculated to avoid a level of nitrate emissions to water supplies that would put them above the concentration limit of 50mg/litre specified in the Directive. The premise of the Action Programmes is that farmers should take all reasonable steps to prevent or minimise the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7981

Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions by means of Tradable Emissions Permits and the Implications for Irish Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Breen,   James P.
The increasing concern over climate change has led to a number of international agreements to control greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture currently accounts for 28 percent of Ireland’s total greenhouse gas emission and therefore has a major role to play in Ireland achieving its emissions targets. To date research into reducing emissions from Irish agriculture has focused on devising abatement strategies at the farm level such as changes in animal feeding practices. Alternatively emissions could be controlled using market-based emissions abatement strategies such as emissions taxes or permit trading, which are in theory a least cost means of cutting emissions. This paper uses data from the Irish National Farm Survey to construct a farm-level Linear...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Farm-level Modeling; Linear Programming; Irish Agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6498

Controlling Ozone and Fine Particulates: Cost Benefit Analysis with Meteorological Variability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shih,   Jhih-Shyang; Bergin,   Michelle S.; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Russell,   Armistead G.
In this paper, we develop an integrated cost-benefit analysis framework for ozone and fine particulate control, accounting for variability and uncertainty. The framework includes air quality simulation, sensitivity analysis, stochastic multi-objective air quality management, and stochastic cost-benefit analysis. This paper has two major contributions. The first is the development of stochastic source-receptor (S-R) coefficient matrices for ozone and fine particulate matter using an advanced air quality simulation model (URM-1ATM) and an efficient sensitivity algorithm (DDM-3D). The second is a demonstration of this framework for alternative ozone and PM2.5 reduction policies. Alternative objectives of the stochastic air quality management model include...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ambient air; Ozone; Particulate matter; Risk management; Public policy; Cost-benefit analysis; Variability and uncertainty; Stochastic simulation; Stochastic multi-objective programming; Decision-making; National Ambient Air Quality Standards; Environmental Economics and Policy; C6; Q2; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10735

Controlling Urban Air Pollution Caused by Households: Uncertainty, Prices, and Income
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavez,   Carlos A.; Stranlund,   John K.; Gomez,   Walter.
We examine the control of air pollution caused by households burning wood for heating and cooking in the developing world.  Since the problem is one of controlling emissions from nonpoint sources, regulations are likely to be directed at household choices of wood consumption and combustion technologies. Moreover, these choices are subtractions from, or contributions to, the pure public good of air quality. Consequently, the efficient policy design is not independent of the distribution of household income. Since it is unrealistic to assume that environmental authorities can make lump sum income transfers part of control policies, efficient control of air pollution caused by wood consumption entails a higher tax on wood consumption and a higher subsidy for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Urban air pollution; Nonpoint pollution; Environmental policy; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; L51; H23; Q28.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93964

Convenor's Introduction: The Sustainability Debate: Has it Affected Our Way of Thinking and Our Policy Advice?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edwards,   Geoff W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10339

Convergence Criteria for Participation in the Flexible Mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Dutschke,   Michael; Stronzik,   Marcus.
The authors suggest a multi-layered system of three convergence criteria - similar to those used in the run-up to the European monetary union - that define the notion of "demonstrable progress" towards reaching the emission commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. These are the existence of an independently evaluated national emissions inventory, the level of domestic policies and measures, and the quantitative convergence of emissions towards the Kyoto target. While the first of these criteria constitutes a necessary condition for participation in the use of flexible instruments, the other two determine the degree of participation allowed for any given Annex I country. Wir schlagen - analog zur Bestimmung der Teilnehmer an der Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26186

Conversion to Organic Farming in Mainland Portugal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Costa,   Leonardo; Sottomayor,   Miguel; Ribeiro,   Ricardo.
The objectives of the research were: i) to assess the in-conversion period as a barrier impeding farms conversion to organic; ii) to assess the potential of conversion-grade markets in removing this barrier; iii) to identify other barriers (drives) along the food chain impeding (easing) farms conversion in mainland Portugal. Results show that the in-conversion period is not the major barrier to conversion nor is a good idea the set-up of conversion grade markets to help Portuguese farms' conversion. Conversion feasibility depends of the organic market premium prices, in intensive farms, and of the CAP organic agri-environmental area payments, in extensive farms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Conversion; Conversion grade markets; Market premium prices; CAP payments; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24490

Cooperation, Spatial-Dynamic Externalities, and Invasive Species Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Epanchin-Niell,   Rebecca S.; Wilen,   James E.
Most terrestrial biological invasions occur in landscapes comprising numerous, independently managed properties. Thus, control of invasion spread generally depends on the choices of many managers, each deciding the extent to control invasions on their property. Here we develop a spatially-explicit, integrated model of invasion spread and human behavior to examine how people’s control choices under laissez-faire affect patterns of invasion spread and the total costs and damages imposed by an invader. We evaluate how characteristics of the bioeconomic and social system, including the extent of cooperation among managers, affect the divergence between socially optimal and private control efforts. We find that system-wide invasion externalities generally...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biological invasions; Cross-boundary; Coordination; Spatial-dynamic processes; Spatial spread; Eradication; Containment; Negotiation; Optimal control; Cooperative management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q; Q1; Q2; Q5; H4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61371

Cooperation, Stability and Self-Enforcement in International Environmental Agreements: A Conceptual Discussion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chander,   Parkash; Tulkens,   Henry.
In essence, any international environmental agreement (IEA) implies cooperation of a form or another. The paper seeks for logical foundations of this. It first deals with how the need for cooperation derives from the public good aspect of the externalities involved, as well as with where the source of cooperation lies in cooperative game theory. In either case, the quest for efficiency is claimed to be at the root of cooperation. Next, cooperation is considered from the point of view of stability. After recalling the two competing concepts of stability in use in the IEA literature, new insights on the nature of the gamma core in general are given as well as of the Chander-Tulkens solution within the gamma core. Free riding is also evaluated in relation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12170

COOPERATIVE VERSUS INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES TO TREATMENT OF CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER BY RURAL RESIDENTS IN THE NORTHEAST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Klinko,   Deborah K.; Abdalla,   Charles W.
Point-of-use/point-of-entry treatment can provide an affordable means for rural residents on private wells to remedy groundwater contamination.  Cooperation among homeowners was hypothesized to be a means of further reducing treatment costs due to quantity discounts and avoidance of dealer mark-ups.  Data obtained through a mail survey of water treatment firms was used to test this hypothesis.  Individual and group purchase, installation and maintenance costs and manufacturer and dealer costs were compared using analysis of variance.  Results indicate a cooperative treatment approach may provide benefits due to quantity discounts but little potential exists for savings via direct manufacturer purchase.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28802

Copenhagen and Beyond: Reflections on China’s Stance and Responses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
China had been singled out by Western politicians and media for dragging its feet on international climate negotiations at Copenhagen, the accusations previously always targeted on the U.S. To put such a criticism into perspective, this paper provides some reflections on China’s stance and reactions at Copenhagen. While China’s reactions are generally well rooted because of realities at home, some reactions could have been handled more effectively for a better image of China. The paper also addresses the reliability of China’s statistics on energy and GDP, the issue crucial to the reliability of China’s carbon intensity commitments. The paper discusses flaws in current international climate negotiations and closes with my suggestion that international...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Copenhagen Climate Negotiations; Emissions Reductions; Carbon Intensity Target; Binding Emissions Caps; Statistics on Energy and GDP; Coal and Energy Consumption; China; USA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q41; Q43; Q48; Q52; Q54; Q58; O53.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92836

Copenhagen meets Doha: Greenhouse gas emission reduction and trade liberalization in Norwegian agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David; Gaasland,   Ivar; Vardal,   Erling.
As a result of substantial government support, Norway is more or less self-sufficient in its main agricultural products. This contributes to both trade distortions and higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In multinational negotiations separate efforts are being made to liberalize trade (through the World Trade Organization) and to reduce global GHG emissions (through the United Nations). Using a model of Norwegian agriculture, we explore interconnections between trade liberalization and GHG emission reductions. We show that the Doha proposals would involve no major cut in either agricultural production or GHG emissions due to weakness in the disciplines on trade distorting support. We contrast further trade liberalization and the use of a carbon tax to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91729

Copenhagen meets Doha: Greenhouse gas emission reduction and trade liberalization in Norwegian agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David; Gaasland,   Ivar; Vardal,   Erling.
As a result of substantial government support, Norway is more or less self-sufficient in its main agricultural products. This contributes to both trade distortions and higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In multinational negotiations separate efforts are being made to liberalize trade (through the World Trade Organization) and to reduce global GHG emissions (through the United Nations). Using a model of Norwegian agriculture, we explore interconnections between trade liberalization and GHG emission reductions. We show that the Doha proposals would involve no major cut in either agricultural production or GHG emissions due to weakness in the disciplines on trade distorting support. We contrast further trade liberalization and the use of a carbon tax to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91261

Coping against El Nino for Stabilizing Rainfed Agriculture: Lessons from Asia and the Pacific: Proceedings of a Joint Workshop Held in Cebu, the Philippines, September17-19, 2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Opening Message, by Leonard Q. Montemayor  Opening Address, by Sang Mu Lee  Opening Address, by Eiji Ueno  Opening Address, by Takahiro Inoue  Opening Address, by Nobuyoshi Maeno  Rationale, Objectives, and Benefits of the Joint Workshop, by Rogelio N. Concepcion and Shigeki Yokoyama  Assessing the Impacts of Climate Variability on Crop Production, and Developing Coping Strategies in Rainfed Agriculture, by Felino P. Lansigan  Seasonal Climate Forecasts and Decision Support Systems for Drought Prone Agriculture: A Case Study Based on the Development and Application of the Rainman Climate Analysis Software, by Jeff F. Clewett  Early Warning System against Cool Summer Damage: Case of Northern Japan, by Masaharu Yajima  ELNINO Project Regional Study Outline...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climatic change; Weather hazards; Disasters; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32733

Coping Strategies Against El Nino: The Case of Selected Communities in Talugtug, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Monsalud,   Florentino C.; Montesur,   Jaime G.; Abucay,   Edwin R.
The occurrence of El Nino causes tremendous havoc to economies. Recognizing this problem, the Philippine government has been introducing measures to mitigate the impact of the El Nino phenomenon. One of the measures to lessen the vulnerability of the farmers on El Nino related risk is the Small Water Impounding Projects (SWIPs). Furthermore, farmers have their own initiatives and coping mechanisms to mitigate the effects of El Nino. This research was undertaken to document the coping mechanisms, which would be useful in policy formulation. This study aims to: a) Determine the impacts of El Nino-related abnormal weather changes on agricultural production and farmers' income; b) Document the existing farming systems, resources, infrastructure, institutions,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climatic change; Farmers; Rural communities; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32717

Coping Strategies against El Nino-Induced Climatic Risk: Case of Northeast Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mekhora,   Thamrong.
This second phase of the study is expected to produce actual and accurate information concerning socio-economic information and measures to cope with the El Nino effects at the farm level. Evidence of abnormal weather was apparent in Thailand in 2001 when the rain was less than the previous years' and the high temperatures were from January to March 2002. However, the rain came early in May 2002. Thus, the period of 2001 is suitable to represent an abnormal year for the study of the second phase of the project. The objectives of the second phase are to analyze and evaluate drought impacts at farm-household level, farmer's responses and government measures to overcome the problems. The research was conducted in two different provinces, namely Lop Buri in...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Drought; Climatic change; Agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32672

Coping with Climate Change in Agriculture: A Portfolio Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van Asseldonk,   Marcel A.P.M.; Langeveld,   J.W.A.
Replaced with revised version of paper 10/18/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Portfolio analysis; Climate change; Crop growth models; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9247

Coping with Climatic Variability by Rain-fed Farmers in Dry Zone, Sri Lanka: Towards Understanding Adaptation to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Senaratne,   Athula; Scarborough,   Helen.
Climate change introduces numerous uncertainties over the livelihoods of farming communities that depend heavily on weather and climate. Rain-fed farmers in developing countries are among the most vulnerable communities. However, climate risks are not new to farmers. Coping with ‘natural variability’ of climate has been a constant challenge faced by farmers even though broad sweeping change in climate due to anthropogenic causes is a relatively new prospect. Some argue ‘climate change’ could be significantly different from ‘climatic variability’ known to and experienced by farmers. In spite of this it is widely accepted that understanding farmers’ behavior towards adapting to climatic variability could generate useful insights in facing the risk of climate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climatic variability; Village tanks; Climate change; Rain-fed farmer; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100707

Coping with Natural and Institutional Drought
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuck,   Eric C.; Frasier,   W. Marshall.
Groundwater and surface water in the South Platte River basin of northeastern Colorado are hydraulically linked. Consequently, use of groundwater in the basin reduces surface water flows in the South Platte River. To avoid open-access problems in this situation, both surface water and groundwater in the basin are jointly administered under the prior appropriation doctrine. This gives preference to the earliest developed water rights relative to later rights when water supplies are insufficient to meet all demands. Groundwater development typically occurred after surface water development, so rights related to groundwater are generally sufficiently junior as to be exercised only in the wettest years. Historically, the state engineer has been empowered to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45743

Copper Mining and Environmental Costs in Dominica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harris-Charles,   Emaline L.; Pemberton,   Carlisle A.
A proposal from an international mining company to establish a copper mining operation in the Caribbean island of Dominica could be highly favourable, given the potential for financial benefits associated with such a project.  On the downside, such projects are often associated with environmental damage.  The area targeted for this copper mine was a rainforest in the north-eastern portion of Dominica occupying around 12 percent of the island’s total land area.    A critical question is therefore whether copper mining could be a viable alternative to agrarian uses of the targeted area, if both financial and environmental costs are taken into consideration.    A Contingent Valuation Survey of Dominicans and Visitors allowed for inclusion of non-market costs...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Copper mining; Dominica; Environmental costs; Sensitivity analysis; Cost-benefit; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36803

Co-processed Poultry Litter and Dewatered Municipal Biosolids: Feasibility as an Alternative Management Approach for Surplus Waste
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Armstrong,   Andrew C.; Goodwin,   Harold L., Jr.; Hamm,   Sandra J.
Neither poultry litter nor DMB currently have economically sustainable utilization options that are also environmentally sustainable.  The purpose of this research is to investigate the appropriateness of blending poultry litter and DMB as a sustainable way to utilize these products, for use in agricultural practices, in a cost efficient manner.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poultry industry; Waste management; Fertilizer; Dewatered municipal biosolids; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34834

Core Issues in the Economics of Biodiversity Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Critically reviews the following core issues in the economics of biodiversity conservation: reliance on the stated preferences of individuals as a guide to biodiversity conservation, the relevance of the phylogenetic similarity principle (and other attributes of organisms) for the survival of species; the implications of the Noah’s ark problem for selecting features of biodiversity to be saved and the difficulties raised by criteria based on safe minimum populations of species or on minimum environmental standards; the extent to which the precautionary principle can be rationally used to support the conservation of biodiversity; the impact of market extensions and globalization, as well as market and other institutional failures, on biodiversity loss; the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Economic valuation; Intergenerational equity; Phylogenetic similarity principle; Precautionary principle; Sustainable development.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q51; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92772

Core-stable Rings in Second Price Auctions with Common Values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Forges,   Francoise; Orzach,   Ram.
In a common value auction in which the information partitions of the bidders are connected, all rings are core-stable. More precisely, the ex ante expected utilities of rings, at the (noncooperative) sophisticated equilibrium proposed by Einy, Haimanko, Orzach and Sela (Journal of Mathematical Economics, 2002), describe a cooperative game, in characteristic function form, in spite of the underlying strategic externalities. A ring is core-stable if the core of this characteristic function is not empty. Furthermore, every ring can implement its sophisticated equilibrium strategy by means of an incentive compatible mechanism.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Bayesian Game; Collusion; Core; Partition Form Game; Characteristic Function; Environmental Economics and Policy; C71; C72; D44.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96668

Corn Growers Oppose Climate Bill: National Corn Growers Association Cites Study Showing More Costs Than Gains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clayton,   Chris.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90676

Corner solutions in the allocation of environmental water: an application of inframarginal economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hone,   Simon.
Inframarginal economics is a combination of marginal and total cost-benefit analysis (across corner solutions). It has been applied extensively in analysing trade issues, however, there have been few environmental applications. While there is debate over the contribution of inframarginal economics to the analysis of aggregate economic phenomena, inframarginal economics is central to understanding agent-level decisions. This paper applies inframarginal methods to investigate the efficient allocation of water among ecosystems. The Australian Government is acquiring billions of dollars of water for environmental uses through a number of programs. Allocating this water efficiently will require information on preferences and environmental production functions,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100560

Corporate Codes of Conduct: Is Common Environmental Content Feasible?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Parry,   Ian W.H.; Aguilar,   Francisco X.; Jawahar,   Puja.
In a developing country context, a policy to promote adoption of common environmental content for corporate codes of conduct (COCs) aspires to meaningful results on two fronts. First, adherence to COC provisions should offer economic benefits that exceed the costs of compliance; i.e., companies must receive a price premium, market expansion, efficiency gains, subsidized technical assistance, or some combination of these benefits in return for meeting the requirements. Second, compliance should produce significant improvements in environmental outcomes; i.e., the code must impose real requirements, and monitoring and enforcement must offer sufficient incentives to prevent evasion. With those goals in mind, we explore options for establishing common...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corporate social responsibility; Codes of conduct; Environmental management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; O19.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10889

CORPORATE INTERNALIZATION OF SUSTAINABILITY REQUIREMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ransburg,   Beatrix.
Sustainability has become the boiling point of theoretical business discussions. At first it was only a concept everybody was talking about but no one knew how it should be materialized. Now we can understand how and why companies are inclined to follow the principle. This gives the policy makers and other stakeholders the tools to alter market conditions in ways that more and more companies accept the requirements of sustainability. Several levels of sustain-ability have been identified and now the discussion is shifting towards achieving a common ground how to measure sustainability. Since sustainability is such a broad concept and it is very dependant on the factors of the given industry the analyzed company is operating in, two major ways to measure...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Value internalization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Public Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58932

Correct (and misleading) argument for using market-based pollution control policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.
One argument in favor of market based pollution control policies is sometimes exaggerated, and a different argument is usually ignored. Regardless of whether investment is fixed or endogenous, market based policies might lead to a higher or lower equilibrium abatement compared to the level under command and control policies. Therefore, economists should be cautious about trying to convince anti-market environmentalists of the benefit of market based policies on the grounds that these promote environmental goals. However, market based policies reduce regulatory uncertainty. Under command and control emissions policies, there are multiple rational expectations competitive equilibria at the investment stage. From the standpoint of individual firms, this...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tradable permits; Coordination games; Multiple equilibria; Global games; Regulatory uncertainty; Climate change policies; California AB32; Environmental Economics and Policy; C79; L51; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6030

Correct (and misleading) arguments for using market based pollution control policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.
Disagreement over the form of regulation of greenhouse gasses motivates a comparison of market based and command and control policies. More efficient policies can increase aggregate marginal abatement cost, resulting in higher emissions. Multiple investment equilibria and “regulatory uncertainty” arise when firms anticipate command and control policies. Market based policies eliminate this uncertainty. Command and control policies cause firms to imitate other firms’ investment decisions, leading to similar costs and small potential efficiency gains from trade. Market based policies induce firms to make different investment decisions, leading to different costs and large gains from trade. We imbed the regulatory problem in a “global game” and show that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tradable permits; Coordination games; Multiple equilibria; Global games; Regulatory uncertainty; Climate change policies; California AB32; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C79; L51; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42868

Corruption and Environmental Policy: An Alternative Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lapatinas,   Athanasios; Litina,   Anastasia; Sartzetakis,   Eftichios S.
We construct an overlapping generations model in which agents live through two periods; childhood and adulthood. Each agent makes choices only as an adult, based on her utility that depends on her own consumption and the human capital and environmental quality endowed to her offspring. Entering adulthood, agents choose randomly between two occupations: citizens and politicians. Citizens are the only producers of a single good and choose the proportion of their income to declare to the tax authorities. Politicians decide upon the allocation of the tax revenue between environmental protection and education activities, taking as given the rates of peculation in each activity. In this context, two self-fulfilling stable equilibria can emerge, one associated...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corruption; Environmental Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; H2; H26; H3; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101377

Cost Analysis and Water Conservation Potential of Irrigation Technologies in the Texas Panhandle Water Planning Area
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Almas,   Lal K.; Vimlesh,   K.; Girase,   J.R.; Amosson,   Stephen H.; New,   Leon L.; Bretz,   Fran E.; Marek,   Thomas H.
Six irrigation systems are analyzed considering cost and potential water savings.  The investment cost of furrow and drip is $115,800 and $260,120, respectively.  The cost of quarter mile pivot ranges from $59,000 to $64,000.  Per ac-in variable pumping cost ranges $9.96 to $14.86 assuming natural gas price $7.00 per MCF.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigation Technology; Ground Water Planning; Texas Panhandle; Water Conservation; Ogallala; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56517

Cost Analysis of Alternative Harvest, Storage and Transportation Methods for Delivering Switchgrass to a Biorefinery from the Farmers’ perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Chenguang; Larson,   James A.; English,   Burton C.; Jensen,   Kimberly L.
Switchgrass for bioenergy production will require substantial storage. This study evaluated costs of alternative baling and on-farm storage systems. Rectangular bales minimize cost if switchgrass is processed immediately after harvest. However, round bales minimize cost if switchgrass is stored under cover for 200 days before transporting to the biorefinery
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Switchgrass; Baling; Storage; Transport; Costs; Farm; Biorefinery; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46812

Cost and Benefit Analysis of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Management Technology in Georgia.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fonsah,   Esendugue Greg; Ferrer,   Myra Clarisse R.; Riley,   David G.; Sparks,   Stormy; Langston,   David.
Recent trend depicts that tomatoes and tomatoes products rank 2nd most important vegetable crop in the United States after potatoes and potatoes products contributing 20 percent of total vegetable production.  More-so, tomato is equally ranked 2nd in the United States in terms of production value, generating $1.3 billion after head lettuce that contributed $1.4 billion in the same time period. In 2006, 422,000 acres of tomatoes were planted in the United States.  Tomato is equally an important economic crop in the state of Georgia.  In 2008, it ranked 14th in the Georgia vegetable acreage as 3,985 acres were planted.  It also ranked 6th in terms of farm gate value in the same time period generating $51.2 million.  Thrips-vectored tomato spotted wilt virus...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tomatoes production; Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV); Inputs; Fixed cost; Variable costs; Profitability; Cost and benefit.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Health Economics and Policy; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56386

Cost and benefits of using best management practices to control non-point sources of pollution under environmental and economic uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rodriguez,   Hector German; Popp,   Jennie S. Hughes; Gbur,   Edward E.; Chaubey,   Indrajeet.
The economy of northwest Arkansas, including the Lincoln Lake watershed (a sub-watershed of the Illinois River), relies greatly upon livestock and poultry production. The supply of production by-products is increasingly under scrutiny as one of the potential sources of water pollution in the region. In light of the recent economic crisis, methodologies that help producers to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of several practices before implementing them may be a cost-effective means of increasing BMP adoption. This study uses stochastic dominance techniques to evaluate, environmentally and economically, ten best management practices (BMPs) combinations to lessen water pollution in the Lincoln Lake watershed. All BMP combinations analyzed were...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nonpoint pollution; Watershed; Best management practices; Risk analysis; Stochastic dominance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q25; Q53.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103344

Cost and trade impacts of environmental regulations: effluent control and the New Zealand dairy sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cassells,   Sue M.; Meister,   Anton D.
New Zealand legislation sets standards for water quality. Nitrogen leaching from dairy effluent compromises these standards, with the consequent move being toward land‐based effluent disposal. The cost of this to the dairy sector was estimated and a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model (GTAP) was used to investigate the impact of additional production costs on NZ’s dairy export trade. Two scenarios were analysed: first, NZ acts unilaterally in imposing water quality regulations, second, the other principal dairy exporters act in a similar fashion. Changes in trade patterns vary from insignificant to large, depending on the scenario analysed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117392

COST COMPARISONS OF ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR PROCESSING RECYCLED WASTE NEWSPAPERS INTO FARM-ANIMAL BEDDING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beierlein,   James G.; McSweeny,   William T.; Woodruff,   Barbara A.
The United States is facing a seemingly overwhelming problem of how to dispose of its solid waste.  For disposal solutions to be viable, they must be environmentally sound and economically viable.  Processing waste newspapers for farm-animal bedding offers a successful partial solution that meets both criteria.  Centralized newspaper chopping is found to cost less than on-farm chopping.  Both chopped and unchopped waste newspapers can be economically transported considerable distances.  The use of waste newspapers for animal bedding is economically attractive at the farm level and can provide a partial solution to the solid-waste disposal problem.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29015

COST EFFECTIVENESS OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT AND BUFFERS:  COMPARISONS OF FOUR SPATIAL SCENARIOS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonham,   John G.; Bosch,   Darrell J.; Pease,   James W.
Policymakers are seeking cost effective methods to reduce nutrient pollution from agriculture.  Predicted costs and pollution reductions from nutrient management and buffers are evaluated under four spatial scenarios describing a watershed.  Results will help policymakers evaluate alternative Best Management Practices (BMPs) for water quality protection in agriculture.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20069

Cost Efficient Tillage and Rotation Options for Mitigating GHG Emissions from Agriculture in Eastern Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meyer-Aurich,   Andreas; Weersink,   Alfons; Janovicek,   Ken; Deen,   Bill.
The economic efficiency of cropping options to mitigate GHG emissions with agriculture in Eastern Canada was analyzed. Data on yield response to tillage (moldboard plow and chisel plow) and six corn based rotations were obtained from a 20-year field experiment in Ontario. Budgets were constructed for each cropping system while GHG emissions were measured for soil carbon and were estimated for nitrous oxide according to IPCC methodology. Complex crop rotations with legumes, such as corn-corn-soybeans-wheat with red clover underseeded, have higher net returns and substantially (more than 1 Mg ha–1 year–1) lower GHG emissions than continuous corn. Reduced tillage reduces GHG emissions due to lower input use but no sequestration effect could be found in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25485

Cost of adaptation to climate change impacts on fresh-water systems: existing estimates and research gaps
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin-Ortega,   Julia.
Information on the cost of adaptation in freshwater systems is necessary to better design strategies to face climate change and water management. We look at the existing estimates with the aim of identifying research gaps. Our analysis shows that case study-specific literature is scarce, fragmented, and not always methodologically transparent. At the same time, most existing global assessments are likely to represent underestimates and rely heavily on each other. We conclude that a clear conceptual framework is still missing. Remaining research gaps include addressing inter-sector linkages and estimations of other than only direct costs, in addition to addressing the issues of ‘adaptation deficit’ and ‘residual damage’.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Costs; Freshwater systems; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; A56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117615

Cost of Maintaining CRP in Presence of Biofuels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Haixiao; Khanna,   Madhu; Yang,   Xi.
We analyze the effect of an emergence of biofuel industry on the Conservation Reserve Program. The government expenditure on Conservation Reserve Program needs to increase dramatically to keep the current scale of CRP program when the biofuel industry is considered. We propose that the development of bioenergy crops on expiring CRP land is a potential way to reconcile the conflict between a sharp increase in government CRP budget and its environmental protection goal. CRP program can also be combined with the Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) to achieve the goal of environmental protection and low carbon society at the same time.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP); Soil Rental Rate; Bioenergy Crops; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103829

COST OF REQUIRED WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT ON POULTRY PROCESSING PLANTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerns,   Waldon R.; Jones,   Harold B., Jr.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29810

Cost Savings, Market Performance, and Economic Benefits of the U.S. Acid Rain Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas.
This paper reports on four areas of research concerning Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments that regulates emissions of SO2 from electricity generation. The first is the costs of the program over the long-run as estimated from the current perspective taking into account recent changes in fuel markets and technology. We compare projected costs with potential cost savings that can be attributable to formal trading of emission allowances. The second area is an evaluation of how well allowance trading has worked to date. The third area is the relationship between compliance costs and economic costs from a general equilibrium perspective. The fourth area is a comparison of benefits and costs for the program.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Acid rain; Benefit-cost analysis; Air pollution; Permit trading; Clean Air Act; Environmental Economics and Policy; H43; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10885

Cost Savings Sans Allowance Trades? Evaluating the SO2 Emission Trading Program to Date
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas.
Title IV of the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act initiated a historic experiment in incentive-based environmental regulation through the use of tradable allowances for emission of sulfur dioxide by electric generating facilities. To date, relatively little allowance trading has taken place; however, the costs of compliance have been much less than anticipated. The purpose of this paper is to address the apparent paradox that the allowance trading program may not require (very much) trading to be successful. Title IV represented two great steps forward in environmental regulation: first a move toward performance standards and second formal allowance trading. The first step has been sufficient to date for improving dynamic efficiency and achieving...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emission trading; SO2; Clean Air Act; Cost-effectiveness; Incentive-based regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q48; L51.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10682

Cost-Benefit Analysis at the Supreme Court: Cooling Water v. Fish
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hewitt,   Julie A.
This is the story of a recent U.S. Supreme Court case on the use of cost-benefit analysis at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for a regulation issued under the Clean Water Act (CWA). The case is Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper, Inc., et al. The case was not about the quality of the cost-benefit analysis, nor the fact that EPA conducted one, but whether EPA had CWA authority to base regulatory decisions on cost-benefit. I close with thoughts about an alternative Chevron legal test that acknowledges the state of ecosystem valuation.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Regulatory analysis; Ecological benefits; Chevron test; Environmental Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55547

Cost-benefit analysis of abatement measures for nutrient emission from agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wustenberghs,   H.; Broekx,   Steven; Van Hoof,   K.; Claeys,   Dakerlia; D'Heygere,   T.; D'Hooghe,   J.; Dessers,   R.; Huysmans,   T.; Lauwers,   Ludwig H.; Meynaerts,   E.; Vercaemst,   P.
In intensive animal husbandry areas surface water N and P concentrations often remain too high. The Water Framework Directive calls for additional nutrient emission abatement measures. Therefore, costs and benefits for possible agricultural measures in Flanders were first analysed in terms of soil balance surplus. Finally, abatement measures for agriculture, households and industry were set off against each other and ranked according to their cost-efficiency by the Environmental Costing Model. Increased dairy cattle efficiency, winter cover crops and increased pig feed efficiency turn out very cost efficient. Other agricultural measures are less cost efficient than for instance collective treatment for households and industry.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrogen and phosphorus abatement; Surface water; Cost efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44245

Cost-Benefit Analysis of the protection of Malleefowl in the Lachlan Catchment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greyling,   Tertius; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
A cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of an investment in the protection of malleefowl and associated native vegetation in the Lachlan Catchment’s central-west yielded a benefit-cost ratio of 1.4. The CBA is based on project expenditures over the past four years coupled with benefit estimates from a recent Choice Modelling study in the Lachlan Catchment. The project targets the protection of malleefowl on private land which has not yet been surveyed but where the species is known to be present. The CBA is subject to significant uncertainty due to a lack of available data. Nonetheless, sensitivity analysis indicates that the BCR is consistently larger than unity, if marginal in some cases. This suggests that the project is a worthwhile investment at this early...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Cost-benefit analysis; Benefit-cost ratio; Choice modelling; Malleefowl; Lachlan Catchment; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107849

Cost-Effective NOx Control in the Eastern United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krupnick,   Alan J.; McConnell,   Virginia D.; Cannon,   Matthew; Stoessell,   Terrell; Batz,   Michael B.
Reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in the eastern United States has become the focus of efforts to meet ozone air quality goals and will be useful for reducing particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the future. This paper addresses many aspects of the debate over the appropriate approach for obtaining reductions in NOx emissions from point sources beyond those called for in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Data on NOx control technologies and their associated costs, spatial models linking NOx emissions and air quality, and benefit estimates of the health effects of changes in ozone and PM concentrations are combined to allow an analysis of alternative policies in thirteen states in the eastern United States. The first part of the study...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10483

Cost-Effective Reduction of NOx Emissions from Electricity Generation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.; Bharvirkar,   Ranjit; Paul,   Anthony.
This paper analyzes the benefits and costs of policies to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from electricity generation in the United States. Because emissions of NOX contribute to the high concentration of atmospheric ozone in the eastern states that is associated with health hazards, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has called on eastern states to formulate state implementation plans (SIPs) for reducing NOX emissions. Our analysis considers three NOX reduction scenarios: a summer seasonal cap in the eastern states covered by EPA's NOX SIP Call, an annual cap in the same SIP Call region, and a national annual cap. All scenarios allow for emissions trading. Although EPA's current policy is to implement a seasonal cap in the SIP Call...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Health benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10677

Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Environmental Policies for Reducing Non-Point Source Pollution in Public Water Supplies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mafoua,   Edouard; Hornbaker,   Robert H.
This study predicts farmers' response to policy alternatives aimed at alleviating non-point source pollution problems in a municipal water supply in Pike County, Illinois. The framework integrated simulation models with optimization models of the watershed to assess environmental policies. Results show how farmers are likely to alter agricultural management practices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35297

Cost-Effectiveness of Nutrient Management and Buffers:  Comparisons of Two Spatial Scenarios
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonham,   John G.; Bosch,   Darrell J.; Pease,   James W.
Farmers and taxpayers would benefit from more cost-effective agricultural nutrient pollution control measures.  The objectives of our study are (1) to assess compliance costs and reductions in phosphorus loadings from implementation of nutrient management and riparian buffers; and (2) to estimate how the spatial scenario, which is the method of representing farms within the watershed, affects estimated compliance costs and reductions in phosphorus deliveries.  Estimated compliance costs are quite sensitive to the spatial scenario.  Buffers are more cost-effective than nutrient management under one of the two spatial scenarios, whereas nutrient management is more cost-effective under the other scenario.  Shifts to more erosive crops reduce the effectiveness...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Compliance costs; Geographic information systems (GIS); Mathematical programming; Nutrient management; Phosphorus (P); Pollution abatement; Riparian buffers; Spatial analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q52.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43746

Costing water quality improvements with auction mechanisms: case studies for the Great Barrier Reef in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Windle,   Jill.
Australian governments continue to commit significant resources to the protection of the Great Barrier Reef. Funding for the Reef Rescue Programme is focused on reducing the impact of agricultural production on water quality.   Information about the costs and benefits of funding proposals is limited. As a result, the key challenge for policy makers is to identify where funding is most efficiently applied. While there is adequate information about the costs of various inputs for reducing water quality, the costs of achieving various outputs is much more limited.  Water quality tenders show the opportunity costs of changing agricultural practices. They allow policy makers to better understand the potential costs of misallocating public resources. It also...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Conservation tenders; Market based instruments; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94884

Costly Enforcement of Voluntary Environmental Agreements with Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McEvoy,   David M.; Stranlund,   John K.
Although the theoretical literature on the performance of voluntary approaches to environmental protection has progressed quite far in the last decade, no one has rigorously addressed the obvious point that even voluntary emissions control policies must be enforced. This paper examines the consequences of the need for costly enforcement of voluntary environmental agreements with industries on the ability of these agreements to meet regulatory objectives, the levels of industry participation with these agreements, and the relative efficiency of voluntary and regulatory approaches. We find that enforcement costs that are borne by the members of a voluntary emissions control agreement limit the circumstances under which an agreement can form in place of an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Voluntary agreements; Self-enforcing agreements; Emissions tax; Enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy; L51; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7382

Cost-Responsiveness of Conservation Practice Adoption: A Revealed Preference Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
While there is current interest in reorienting agricultural policy toward environmental and resource conservation goals, relatively little is known about the influence of cost on conservation adoption decisions or about how farmers combine multiple practices into an overall conservation package. Using farmer survey data combined with information on standard unit installation costs, this study estimates latent demand models for seven on-farm conservation practices. All of the practices exhibit downward-sloping demand. Topographical variations in adoption conform to expectations. The estimation results suggest that cost sharing should have substantial effects on the adoption of several practices, and indicate strong complementarity among others.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Conservation technology adoption; Cost-sharing; Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP); Green payments; Soil conservation; Water quality protection; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30920

Costs and performance of irrigation projects: A comparison of Sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Inocencio,   Arlene; Kikuchi,   Masao; Tonosaki,   Manabu; Maruyama,   Atsushi; Merrey,   Douglas J.; Sally,   Hilmy; de Jong,   Ijsbrand.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation programs; Costs; Investment policy; Participatory management; Farmer participation; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44516

Costs, Emissions Reductions, and Vehicle Repair: Evidence from Arizona
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ando,   Amy Whritenour; McConnell,   Virginia D.; Harrington,   Winston.
The Arizona I/M program provides one of the first opportunities to examine the costs and effectiveness of vehicle emission repair. This paper examines various aspects of emission reductions, fuel economy improvements, and costs of repair, drawing data from over 80,000 vehicles failing the I/M test in Arizona between 1995 and the first half of 1996. We summarize the wealth of repair data from the Arizona program and highlight its limitations. Because missing or incomplete cost information has been a serious shortcoming for evaluation of I/M programs, we develop a method for estimating the costs of repair when those costs are not reported. We find surprising evidence that almost one quarter of all vehicles that take the I/M test are never observed to pass...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: I/M; Repair; Emissions; Mobile sources; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; R48.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10915

Costs of adjustment to climate change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quiggin,   John C.; Horowitz,   John K.
The present paper argues that the costs of climate change are primarily adjustment costs. The central result is that climate change will reduce welfare whenever it occurs more rapidly than the rate at which capital stocks (interpreted broadly to include natural resource stocks) would naturally adjust through market processes. The costs of climate change can be large even when lands are close to their climatic optimum, or evenly distributed both above and below that optimum.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118147

COSTS OF COASTAL HAZARDS: EVIDENCE FROM THE PROPERTY MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kriesel,   Warren; Landry,   Craig E.; Keeler,   Andrew G.
A hedonic price model suggests that flooding and erosion hazards, and the actions taken against them, are major determinants of property values in American coastal areas. A zoning ordnance against new construction within the 60-year erosion hazard area would increase property values and perhaps conserve the coastal ecosystem.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21745

Costs of Creating Carbon Offset Credits via Forestry Activities: A Meta-Regression Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Laaksonen-Craig,   Susanna; Wang,   Yichuan.
The main focus of efforts to mitigate climate change is on the avoidance of fossil fuel emissions. However, the Kyoto rules permit the use of forestry activities that create carbon offset credits. These could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. It is necessary for policy purposes, therefore, to determine the cost effectiveness of creating forest sink carbon credits. In this study, meta-regression analyses with 1047 observations from 68 studies are used to determine factors that affect carbon sequestration costs. Results indicate that soil carbon is not very important, but that forest plantations and use of biomass for energy make forestry activities more attractive. It also turns out that forestry activities are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate mitigation; Forest carbon offset credits; Meta-regression analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; R15; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37039

COSTS OF LAND APPLYING MANURE WITH INCREASED OFF-FARM PROCESSING CAPACITY:  A REGIONAL ASSESSMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gollehon,   Noel R.; Aillery,   Marcel P.; Christensen,   Lee A.
Recent policies implemented to protect water-quality encourage improved management of land-applied manure.  The significant potential cost of transport and land application has heightened interest in the off-farm processing of animal waste.  This paper examines the potential for expansion in off-farm processing facilities to contribute to a regional manure solution.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20308

Costs of Preventable Childhood Illness: The Price We Pay for Pollution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ackerman,   Frank; Massey,   Rachel.
A growing body of scientific literature implicates toxic exposures in childhood illnesses and developmental disorders. When these illnesses and disabilities result from environmental factors under human control, they can and should be prevented. This report documents monetary costs associated with five major areas of health problems in children that have been linked to preventable environmental exposures: cancer, asthma, lead poisoning, neurobehavioral disorders, and birth defects. We review incidence and prevalence estimates for these disorders, as well as estimates of the associated monetary costs. We apply the concept of the "environmentally attributable fraction" (EAF) of an illness, where EAF is the estimated percentage of cases of an illness that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15583

Costs of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Case Study of India's Power Generation Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gupta,   Manish.
If India were to participate in any international effort towards mitigating CO2 emissions, the power sector which is one of the largest emitters of CO2 in the country would be required to play a major role. In this context the study estimates the marginal abatement costs, which correspond to the costs incurred by the power plants to reduce one unit of CO2 from the current level. The study uses an output distance function approach and its duality with the revenue function to derive these costs for a sample of thermal plants in India. Two sets of exercises have been undertaken. The average shadow prices of CO2 for the sample of thermal plants for the period 1991-92 to 1999-2000 was estimated to be respectively Rs.3380.59 and Rs.2401.99 per ton for the two...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12038

Could Society’s willingness to reduce pesticide use be aligned with Farmers’ economic self-interest?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boussemart,   Jean-Philippe; Leleu,   Herve; Ojo,   Oluwaseun.
In the context of the agreement of about 50% reduction in pesticide uses according to the accords du “Grenelle de l’environnement” in France, the central part of this study involves the assessment of agricultural intensification (AI) and agricultural extensification (AE) processes in crop activities.This is done with reference to pesticide uses per ha thereby helping to proffer a solution to the lingering questions of farmers as regards the use of inputs in an intensified manner or otherwise. With respect to this, a sample of 600 farms in the Meuse department was observed over a 12-year period. The analysis was essentially to assess cost efficiency dominance between the two technologies AE and AI using non parametric cost-functions which involves different...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural intensification (AI); Agricultural extensification (AE); Pesticide reduction; Environmental performance; Non parametric cost-functions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120402

County Amenities and Net Migration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rupasingha,   Anil; Goetz,   Stephan J.
U.S. county-level net migration data and a general spatial model are used to examine the effects of various amenities on migration decisions. Results suggest that higher county cancer risks and the presence of superfund sites in a county, or a higher ranking on the Environmental Protection Agency's hazard ranking system, reduce the relative attractiveness of a county to prospective migrants, while natural amenities on balance attract migrants, ceteris paribus. The results also reveal spatial dependence among contiguous counties in terms of net migration behavior.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31259

Cover and Contents Pages
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes:  Front Cover, Editorial Information, Contents Page, Editorial Board, Association Officers, Executive Committee
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55552

Cover and Contents Pages
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes: Table of Contents, Editorial Information, Association Officers, Executive Committee
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59319

CREATING A MARKET FOR CARBON EMISSIONS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR U.S. FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandor,   Richard L.; Skees,   Jerry R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32957

Creating Carbon Offsets in Agriculture through No-Till Cultivation: A Meta-Analysis of Costs and Carbon Benefits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manley,   James G.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Moeltner,   Klaus; Johnson,   Dale W.
Carbon terrestrial sinks are often seen as a low-cost alternative to fuel switching and reduced fossil fuel use for lowering atmospheric CO2. To determine whether this is true for agriculture, one meta-regression analysis (52 studies, 536 observations) examines the costs of switching from conventional tillage to no-till, while another (51 studies, 374 observations) compares carbon accumulation under the two practices. Costs per ton of carbon uptake are determined by combining the two results. The viability of agricultural carbon sinks is found to vary by region and crop, with no-till representing a low-cost option in some regions (costs of less than $10/tC), but a high-cost option in others (costs of $100-$400/tC). A particularly important finding is that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Costs of soil carbon credits; Conventional and zero tillage systems; Carbon accumulation in soil; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q50.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36994

Creating Markets for Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murtough,   Greg; Aretino,   Barbara; Matysek,   Anna.
'Creating Markets for Ecosystem Services' by Greg Murtough, Barbara Aretino and Anna Matysek, was released on 19 June 2002. The paper investigates how well environmental problems related to salinity, biodiversity and climate change can be addressed by creating markets for ecosystem services. The views expressed in this paper are those of the staff involved and do not necessarily reflect those of the Productivity Commission.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31912

Creating Markets for Environmental Stewardship: Potential Benefits and Problems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124028

Creation and Sharing of Credits through the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dutschke,   Michael; Michaelowa,   Axel.
The implementation of activities aimed to mitigate global greenhouse gas emissions is more cost-efficient in developing countries than in most of the industrialized world. Thus it has been a major, but contentious topic in the climate negotiations to allow crediting of emissions reduction in developing countries towards domestic emission targets of industrial countries. The Kyoto Protocol instituted a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) that is to assure that the interests of all parties from industrialized and developing countries are equally represented. Many issues concerning the structure of the CDM remain to be decided. Crediting critically depends on these decisions. Credits should accrue only after verification. A crucial issue that influences all...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26146

Critical Issues in Current Climate Policy: "Hot air", multi-level emission trading registries and changes in emission commitments due to international conflicts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Koch,   Tobias.
Currently, international climate negotiations concentrate on design issues for the flexible instruments outlined in the Kyoto Protocol. As the 6th Conference of the Parties to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change in late 2000 or early 2001 has to take decisions on these matters, it is imperative to develop solutions that combine long-term economic efficiency with long-term environmental effectiveness. Sometimes, a reconciliation of these targets is difficult and compromises have to be made. This report discusses solutions for three critical issues which have got different degrees of attention until now but are linked inasmuch their solution will be crucial for the success of the Kyoto Protocol. The authors have come across them due to their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26061

Critical success factors for weather risk transfer solutions in the agricultural sector: a reinsurer's view
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roth,   Michael; Ulardic,   Christina; Trueb,   Juerg.
Agricultural yield and commodity prices are very sensitive to weather patterns such as drought, excessive rain, or frost. As a result unseasonable weather can cause major losses for players in the agricultural value chain, including input providers, farmers, commodity traders, and food processors. The National Crop Insurance Service (NCIS) estimates that about 70% of the losses suffered by the US crop insurance scheme result from drought or excessive rainfall. In this paper information recorded by PriceWaterhouseCoopers on behalf of the Weather Risk Management Association is complemented by Swiss Re's market intelligence to examine demand patterns for weather risk transfer solutions. There is a particular focus on the evolution of demand from the energy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural sector; Weather risk transfer; Demand patterns; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9248

Crocodiles Farms and the Management of Saltwater Crocodiles in the Northern Territory: Results of a Survey of NT Crocodile Farmers plus Analysis of Secondary Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Swarna.
After outlining some relevant background information about the NT crocodile farming industry and explaining the purpose of our survey of NT crocodile farmers conducted in the first half of 2005, this paper reports the results of the survey. The information received from the survey is supplemented by secondary data and by information from secondary sources. This report covers the location of respondents; the size of crocodile farms; farmers’ stated knowledge of and attitudes towards the NT Crocodile Management Plan; the involvement of farms in the harvesting of crocodile eggs and the costs involved; views of crocodile farmers about whether the NT Crocodile Management Plan encourages landholders to conserve crocodiles and their perceptions of the benefits to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Saltwater Crocodiles; Crocodile farming; Crocodile management plan; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55090

CROP INSURANCE, GOVERNMENT AGRICULTURAL POLICIES, AND SOIL EROSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deal,   John.
This paper investigates the relationship between government agricultural programs and soil erosion. Using county-level data from the years 1992 and 1997, we estimate a model of water-induced (i.e., sheet and rill) soil erosion and crop insurance participation for counties where corn, soybean, and winter wheat account for at least 90% of total planted acreage. This includes most of the areas that have exhibited the highest historical levels of sheet and rill erosion. We find that crop insurance participation and conservation payments are significantly associated with county average soil erosion levels. In particular, corn insurance participation exhibits a positive impact on soil erosion, while wheat insurance participation exhibits a negative impact. After...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20159

Crop Rotations and Dynamic Analysis of Southeastern Peanut Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Flanders,   Archie; Fletcher,   Stanley M.; Taylor,   C. Robert; Smith,   Nathan B.; McCorvey,   Allen E.
Agricultural policy objectives provide green payment incentives for farmers to initiate practices with environmental benefits. Velvet beans planted as a cover crop offer an alternative for southeastern peanut farmers to control nematodes without chemicals, while increasing soil fertility. Commodity programs provide government payments that are essential to rural economies of the southeast.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35511

CROP SUBSTITUTION ON UK SUGAR BEET FARMS AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT: A MULTI-PRODUCT COST FUNCTION APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Renwick,   Alan W.; Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar.
This paper analyzes the effect that the imminent reform of the EU sugar beet regime will have on United Kingdom (UK) sugar beet farms. Specifically, we estimate a multi-product cost function to analyze the effect the changes on the sugar beet price support and quota will have on the crop allocation of sugar beet farms and their aggregate use of inputs. Based on these estimates we discuss the implications that changes in the crop patterns may have on farm environmental variables such as soil loss and groundwater pollution.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Multi-product cost function; UK sugar beet production; CAP reform; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31933

Crop Yield Growth and Its Implication for the International Effects of US Bioenergy and Climate Policies (Draft)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Siyi J.; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Havlik,   Petr.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/22/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103518

CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION, PROTECTED GEOGRAPHIC AREAS AND EXTENSIVE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN SERBIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stojanovic,   Zaklina; Manic,   Emilija.
The concept of Sustainable Agricultural and Rural Development (SARD) is based on resources effective usage that brings strengthen social cohesion of rural regions. Sustainable agro systems take care of natural resources conservation, as well as of economic and social aspects of rural economy. In order to advance complementary activities, agricultural sector has been often seen as the base for local economical diversification of capacities. The connections between agriculture, nature and tourism are especially important. The EU countries insist on this kind of connections which is the integral part of financial support of common funds, while the candidate countries are using the IPA assistance for rural development programs. Program of cross - border...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multifunctional; Extensive agriculture; SARD; Cross-border cooperation; Rural tourism; Ecotourism; Serbia; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57485

Cross-Border Environmental Management and the Informal Sector: The Ciudad Juarez Brickmakers' Project
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Bannister,   Geoffrey J.
The considerable difficulties associated with cross-border environmental management are compounded when polluters are unlicensed micro-enterprises such as auto repair shops and traditional brick kilns; such "informal sector" firms are virtually impossible to regulate in the conventional manner. This paper describes an example of an innovative and promising approach to the problem: the Cd. Juarez Brickmakers' Project, a private-sector-led, binational initiative aimed at abating highly polluting emissions from Cd. Juarez's approximately 350 informal brick kilns. We draw three lessons from the Project's history. First, private-sector-led cross-border initiatives can work -- indeed they may be more effective than public sector initiatives -- but they require...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: US-Mexican border; Informal sector; Environment; Brickmaking; Environmental Economics and Policy; O17; O54; L61; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10600

Crunch Time for Water Quality Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: King,   Dennis M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93334

CURBSIDE RECYCLING: WASTE RESOURCE OR WASTE OF RESOURCES?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aadland,   David; Caplan,   Arthur J.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/28/04.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19971

Curtailing Fertilizer Scarcity and Climate Change; an appraisal of Factors Affecting Organic Materials Use Option in Nigeria’s Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omotesho,   O.A.; Fakayode,   S.B.; Tariya,   Y.
Global trends nowadays towards long term sustainable crop production is hinged on either supplementing the use of chemical fertilizers with organic materials or a complete use of organic materials. This is more so since substituting chemical fertilizers with organic materials reduces the risks of exposure to ailments that arise on account of synthetic compounds and increases farmers’ gains via reduced soil erosion and carbon emissions and increased bio-diversity. In this vein, the current study investigated organic materials use in Nigeria’s agriculture. Specifically, the study examined availability and use of chemical fertilizer and organic materials substitutes and investigated factors affecting the use of organic materials in the Nigerian food sector....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farming systems; Bio-diversity; Carbon emissions; Cut worm infestation; Food sub-sector; Sheep; Goat; Poultry; Optimal mixtures; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97093

Dairy farm productivity (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCall,   David; Newman,   Matthew.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97614

Dairy productivity in the Waikato region, 1994-2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cameron,   Michael P.; Bell,   Kendon.
The dairy industry is a major contributor to both the New Zealand economy as a whole and to the Waikato regional economy in particular. The industry is experiencing a period of considerable change, with increases in dairy conversion, increased intensification, and increasing use of nitrogen fertilisers, each of which has an associated environmental cost. In this paper the productivity performance of the mature dairy industry in the Waikato region is investigated, using panel data at the sub-regional level from 1994 to 2007. Overall we show that, under a range of specifications, productivity growth independent of increasing land use and herd numbers has been significantly below the four percent industry target. This suggests that, if the four percent goal...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Dairy industry; Waikato.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97132

Das moderne Konzept der internen Subventionierung als Kriterium zur Identifizierung von Wettbewerbsverzerrungen bei europäischen Agrarumweltmaßnahmen
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holm-Muller,   Karin; Witzke,   Heinz Peter.
Both WTO and the EU use a “Rule of additional costs” (RAC) to restrict payments for ecological services in agriculture in order to prevent trade distortions. We assess this rule in the light of modern economic theory. It is shown that the RAC is efficient, if conventional agriculture is competitive without other payments. In regions where agriculture is not competitive though and is said to be important for ecological purposes the payments for ecological services must exceed additional costs. In these cases three criteria exist to prevent trade distortions as far as possible: the regions in which farmers are eligible to more than additional costs must be clearly defined by economic and ecological indicators, payments must not exceed the costs for...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Rule of additional costs; Environmental payments; Competitiveness.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98257

Das neue Gentechnikgesetz – ein Gentechnikverhinderungsgesetz? Eine umweltökonomische Analyse der haftungsrechtlichen Neuerungen im Gentechnikgesetz
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Becker,   Alexander; Holm-Muller,   Karin.
In this article, legal consequences of the new German genetic engineering act are analyzed. In addition environmental economic analysis is presented of those parts of the act that introduce new litigation regulation to farmers. The different kinds of external costs arising from genetic engineering of plants and their allocation to different actors are considered. The paper focuses on the costs resulting from the postulated coexistence of conventional/organic farms and users of biotechnology. Excessive liability of farmers can be avoided, if the producers of genetically modified seeds accept any litigation claims against farmers. Furthermore, negotiations between neighbouring farms can be an option to keep the costs of damage prevention at reasonable levels.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Genetic engineering act; Liability; Coexistence; Market loss; Precautionary principle; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97315

DATA AND MODELS FOR EFFECTIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN POLLUTION CONTROL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: North,   Ronald M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30512

DEALING WITH HEALTH CONCERNS IN NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hite,   Diane; Hoehn,   John P.; Randall,   Alan.
We employ a combination of survey design and econometric techniques to explore ways to deal with health concerns in restoration projects where environmental injuries are severe.  We use data from a referendum contingent valuation  survey for a natural resource restoration project to demonstrate the extent to which health concerns can be controlled.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Environmental economics; Research methods; Econometrics; Statistics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21652

Dealing with the tradeoff between water for nature and water for rural livelihoods in the presence of climate uncertainties: lessons for water management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Varela-Ortega,   Consuelo; Blanco-Gutierrez,   Irene; Swartz,   Christopher H.; Downing,   Thomas E.
In arid countries worldwide, social conflicts between irrigation-based human development and the conservation of aquatic ecosystems are widespread and attract many public debates. This research focuses on the analysis of water and agricultural policies aimed to conserve groundwater resources and to maintain rural livelihoods in a basin in Spain’s central arid region. Intensive groundwater mining has caused overexploitation of the basin’s large aquifer and the degradation of internationally reputed wetlands. This has caused notable social conflicts over the years but the  policies implemented have not been able to solve them so far. The methodology consists in the integration of a farm-based economic model and a basin-based hydrology model to analyze the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water policies; Irrigation agriculture; Hydro-economic modeling.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51420

DEBATE SOBRE FUNÇÕES SÓCIO-AMBIENTAIS DA PROPRIEDADE FUNDIÁRIA E A NOÇÃO DE MULTIFUNCIONALIDADE DA AGRICULTURA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alles,   Jair Miguel; Marques,   Paulo Eduardo Moruzzi.
Esse artigo procura traçar paralelos entre o debate da multifuncionalidade da agricultura e a evolução das concepções em torno da propriedade fundiária: de um direito irrestrito à sua função sócio-ambiental. Através da análise histórica de legislações há um esforço no sentido de captar novos sentidos atribuídos as multifunções da agricultura e da propriedade fundiária. Na atualidade, a incorporação de demandas ambientais reorientaram essa discussão, que já demonstra essa perspectiva mais claramente a partir do marco da Constituição Federal de 1988. Outra proposta do artigo, finalmente é aproximar a discussão acerca do tema do desenvolvimento territorial sustentável, propondo a contratualização, dentro da ótica do direito agrário, como ação viável de...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Funções sócio-ambientais; Multifuncionalidade da agricultura; Desenvolvimento territorial sustentável; Social-environmental functions; Multiple functions from agriculture; Territory sustainability development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113394

Decentralization and development: Emerging issues from Uganda's experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okidi,   John A.; Guloba,   Madina.
The current decentralization in Uganda originated in the late 1980s as part of a broader effort to restore state credibility and deepen democracy following several years of political and economic turmoil. Using a detailed legal framework Uganda entrenched political, administrative and fiscal decentralization as a strategy for broad-based growth with poverty reduction. in this paper we review Uganda's decentralization with the objective of highlighting several issues including empowerment of local leaders and residents, experience with local elite capture, improvement of service delivery, promotion of real sector response to improved economic environment, and enhancement of progress towards the MDGs. Our review of the achievements and challenges of Uganda's...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Economic development; EPRC; Okidi; Guloba; Fiscal decentralization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Production Economics; Public Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93810

Deciding with long-term environmental impacts: what role for discounting?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schilizzi,   Steven.
The problem of how to discount values in the far future is reviewed, and shown to lead down a blind alley. An alternative is proposed that allows long term consequences to be addressed by decisions using a relatively short term time horizon. A simple model investigating the optimal containment of radioactive waste in a deterministic world is used to show that current generations can indeed cater for the interests of the far future while optimising over the short term; however, this is not always possible. The proposed method seems to address most of the critiques of long term discounting found in the literature.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58206

Declining Commodity Program Payments and Enhanced Environmental  Regulations: Impacts on Acreage Allocation in the Great Plains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lin,   Chien-Pang; Barkley,   Andrew P.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35932

Decomposing the social discount rate
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scarborough,   Helen.
Recent modelling of the costs and benefits of climate change has renewed debate surrounding assumptions regarding the social discount rate in analysing the impacts of environmental change. Previous literature segments the social discount rate into being influenced by two key factors; the rate of pure time preference and the elasticity of marginal utility of future consumption. These components of the social discount rate reinforce the linkages between the choice of social discount rate and intergenerational distribution. In an extension of previous work by the author on intergenerational distributional preferences, this paper discusses the relationship between intergenerational equity and the social discount rate. The work has significant policy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intergenerational equity; Social discount rate; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59156

Deep development of rural tourism under integrated agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yuan,   Li.
This paper introduces the disadvantages and developmental approaches of rural tourism in China on the basis of apprehending the connotation of integrated agriculture. Then, it analyzes the current situation of new agricultural tourism park in Chengdu City of Sichuan Province. Research result shows that the implementation of integrated agriculture will promote the scientific and efficient development of rural tourism, which has a positive effect on the reconstruction of agricultural economy after disaster in Sichuan Province.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Integrated agriculture; Rural tourism of China; Deep development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53510

Deep roots in culture, shallow roots in nature:  Identifying sustainable bamboo management challenges for China and the implications for multidisciplinary research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buckingham,   Kathleen.
The Chinese government is moving towards market mechanisms to promote environmental sustainability. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is a globally recognised label gaining ground within Non Timber Forest Product markets (NTFP). Standardization and replicability have become essential in order to make the local manageable.  The FSC has been described as a ‘boundary object’, creating new governance networks outside the authority of government, creating or adapting verification practices to ‘join together heterogeneous resources.’   The bamboo sector is one of the fastest growing forest land uses in China. Intensification of management has led to biodiversity loss, erosion and depletion of soil nutrients. Bamboo is rooted deeply in Chinese culture, through...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bamboo management; Certification; Market mechanisms; Clientelism; Conservation; Standardisation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51468

Defining agricultural and forestry systems in econometric land use models: Some critical reflections
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Munchhausen,   Susanne von.
The paper discusses the way pastoral and forestry systems are defined in econometric land use modelling on a national level. It briefly reviews the relevant data bases and modelling tools. Above all, it reflects on the questions asked and information needed in the work of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) Policy. The paper presents the first results of a working group about the key policy questions related to land use and land use change and the adequacy of the related analyses and modelling approaches.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96491

Defining Investment Additionality for CDM Projects - Practical Approaches
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langrock,   Thomas; Michaelowa,   Axel; Greiner,   Sandra.
The environmental integrity of the CDM under the Kyoto Protocol depends on the possibility to avoid giving emission credits to projects that would have happened anyway. Whether and how "Investment Additionality" of CDM projects has to be determined is currently part of climate negotiations. We discuss the rationale of companies to invest in projects and analyse possible criteria to determine Investment Additionality from a theoretical point of view. A number of case studies is used to show the implications of the different criteria. The use of a single criterion is not possible, especially due to the importance of non-monetary barriers. However, some criteria are better than others. Moreover, the institutional framework for the selection and application of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26282

Definition of the CAPRI Core Modelling System and Interfaces with other Components of SEAMLESS-IF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Britz,   Wolfgang; Perez Dominguez,   Ignacio; Zimmermann,   Andrea; Heckelei,   Thomas.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9284

Definitions of Biodiversity and Measures of Its Value
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simpson,   R. David.
The destruction of natural habitats has prompted concerns about the loss of biological diversity. Regrettably, however, there is no consensus among either biologists or economists on the most meaningful measures of biodiversity. Fundamentally different definitions are useful in asking fundamentally different questions. Considerable attention has been given to the value of diversity in search models. A measure of "aggregate variability" is appropriate to such models. Values derived from search models tend to be well behaved; they exhibit diminishing returns in diversity. In contrast, a definition of diversity as "relative abundance" is more appropriate to more complex objective functions. Values derived in these models are not necessarily well behaved. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biological diversity; Biodiversity; Diversity index; Abundance; Search; Variability; Consistency; Contingent valuation; Diminishing returns; Increasing returns; Environmental Economics and Policy; D43; D83; Q20.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10551

Deforestation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Folmer,   Henk; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q23; Q58; R14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37035

Deforestation and Capital Accumulation: Lessons from the Upper Kerinci Region, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wibowo,   Dradjad H.; Tisdell,   Clement A.; Byron,   R. Neil.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Deforestation; Property rights; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53632

Deforestation Impact on the Household Sustainable Local Development: Nicaragua case, 1998-2005.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zúniga-González,   Carlos Alberto.
CENTRAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, CAU V INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF THE ENCUENTRO JOURNAL
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: LSMS Survey; MECOVI; Technical Efficiency; Stochastic Frontier; Sustainable Local Development.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Q: 56; Q: 58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96911

Deforestation Mechanisms: A Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wibowo,   Dradjad H.; Byron,   R. Neil.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53640

DEGRADABLES AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ricker,   Harold S.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26973

Delay on the Path to the Endangered Species List: Do Costs and Benefits Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ando,   Amy Whritenour.
This paper uses duration analysis to evaluate the ability of interest groups to influence the timing of decisions to add species to the endangered species list by exerting pressure on the Fish and Wildlife Service. Using data from 1990 to 1994, it finds that public opposition and support can substantially slow and hasten (respectively) the progress of candidate species through the parts of the listing process most directly under the agency's control. Since the Service is not an atypical agency, similar patterns of public influence on delay may exist in other areas of bureaucratic decision making as well.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Duration analysis; Endangered species; Political economy; Interest groups; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10564

Delayed Action and Uncertain Targets. How Much Will Climate Policy Cost?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Sgobbi,   Alessandra; Tavoni,   Massimo.
Despite the growing concern about actual on-going climate change, there is little consensus about the scale and timing of actions needed to stabilise the concentrations of greenhouse gases. Many countries are unwilling to implement effective mitigation strategies, at least in the short-term, and no agreement on an ambitious global stabilisation target has yet been reached. It is thus likely that some, if not all countries, will delay the adoption of effective climate policies. This delay will affect the cost of future policy measures that will be required to abate an even larger amount of emissions. What additional economic cost of mitigation measures will this delay imply? At the same time, the uncertainty surrounding the global stabilisation target to be...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Uncertainty; Climate Policy; Stabilisation Costs; Delayed Action; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; H23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44219

Delayed Participation of Developing Countries to Climate Agreements: Should Action in the EU and US be Postponed?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper analyses the cost implications for climate policy in developed countries if developing countries are unwilling to adopt measures to reduce their own GHG emissions. First, we assume that a 450 CO2 (550 CO2e) ppmv stabilisation target is to be achieved and that Non Annex1 (NA1) countries decide to delay their GHG emission reductions by 30 years. What would be the cost difference between this scenario and a case in which both developed and developing countries start reducing their emissions at the same time? Then, we look at a scenario in which the timing of developing countries’ participation is uncertain and again we compute the costs of climate policy in developed and developing countries. We find that delayed participation of NA1 countries has...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Delayed Action; Climate Policy; Stabilisation Costs; Uncertain Participation; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; H23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44220

Demand and price volatility: rational habits in international gasoline demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scott,   K. Rebecca.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Gasoline demand; Rational habits; Price elasticity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; H30; Q40; Q41; Q50; R40.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121931

Demand for Urban Forests and Economic Welfare:  Evidence from the Southeastern U.S. Cities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhu,   Pengyu; Zhang,   Yaoqi.
This study examines the relationship between urban forests and household income and population density in the 149 cities with populations over 40,000 in nine southeastern states.  Our empirical results show that urban forest percentage across the cities has characteristics of the environmental Kuznets curve.  We find that household income around $39,000 is a threshold that changes the relationship between income and urban forest coverage from negative to positive, whereas the impact of population density on urban forests is just the opposite, from positive to negative when population density is around 180 persons per square kilometer.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets curve; Environmental quality; Income; Land use; Population density; Tree canopy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C31; Q23; Q56; Q57; R14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43758

Demand-Side Factors in Optimal Land Conservation Choice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ando,   Amy Whritenour; Shah,   Payal.
The dominant paradigm of conservation-reserve planning in economics is to optimize the provision of physical conservation benefits (measured in units like species protected) given a budget constraint. Large-scale biology-based priority setting implies that the value we place on biodiversity and ecosystem function is not affected by human proximity to that natural capital. There is significant evidence, however, that human willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation declines with distance (e.g. Loomis 2000) – a phenomenon we refer to as “spatial value decay”. This paper begins a new strand of the conservation planning literature that takes demand-side factors – the location of people in the landscape and the degree to which their willingness to pay for an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Endangered species; Optimal reserve-site selection; Spatial; Demand-side; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q24; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49209

Democratic Institutions and Environmental Quality: Effects and Transmission Channels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Romuald,   Kinda Somlanare.
This paper aims at analysing the effect of democratic institutions on environmental quality (carbon dioxide per capita, sulfure dioxide per capita) and at identifying potential channel transmissions. We use panel data from 1960 to 2008 in 122 developing and developed countries and modern econometric methods. The results are as follows: Firstly, we show that democratic institutions have opposite effects on environment quality: a positive direct effect on environment quality and a negative indirect effect through investments and income inequality. Indeed, democratic institutions attract investments that hurt environment quality. Moreover, as democratic institutions reduce income inequality, they also damage environment. Secondly, we find that the direct...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Democratic institutions; Air pollution; Panel data; Income inequality; Investments; Environmental Economics and Policy; O43; Q53; C23; D31; E22.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120396

Demographic and Management Factors Affecting the Adoption and Perceived Yield Benefit of Winter Cover Crops in the Southeast
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergtold,   Jason S.; Duffy,   Patricia A.; Hite,   Diane; Raper,   Randy L.
The inclusion of cover crops in cropping systems brings direct and indirect costs and benefits. Farmers will adopt and utilize cover crops as long as the perceived benefit of using them is positive. This paper examines the demographic and management factors affecting the adoption and perceived benefit (in terms of improved crop yield) of using winter annual cover crops. A double selectivity model of cover crop adoption and perceived yield gain was estimated using survey data of Alabama farmers examining cover crop use and management.  Results may help in understanding factors shaping farmers’ perceptions, adoption, and retention of cover crops.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Conservation; Cover crops; Double selectivity model; Perceived yield gain; Tobit model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q12; Q15; Q55.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120443

DENSIDADE ANIMAL E BALANÇO DE NUTRIENTES COMO INDICADORES PARA O PLANEJAMENTO AGROPECUÁRIO E AGROINDUSTRIAL NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pellini,   Tiago; Caviglione,   Joao Henrique; Doretto,   Moacyr.
A partir dos dados do Censo Agropecuário, acopladas a uma base cartográfica do recurso solo do Paraná, foram construídos e interpretados uma série de indicadores focados no objetivo de subsidiar o planejamento e gestão das atividades de criação intensiva de animais numa base municipal, regional ou territorial. O estudo divide-se em duas fases, sendo a primeira a de determinação de indicadores capazes de expressar a condição dos municípios do estado quanto à concentração relativa de rebanhos animais, produção de estercos, área utilizada para agricultura (culturas e pastagens), enquanto a segunda estima, com base nas entradas de insumos – fertilizantes orgânicos e industrializados, concentrados e rações, e na saída de produtos - venda de produtos animais e...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Balanço de nutrientes; Densidade animal; Planejamento municipal e regional; Prevenção e controle de poluição; Pecuária intensiva; Nutrient balance; Animal density; Local and regional planning; Pollution prevention and control; Intensive livestock; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109667

Dependence of public support for survival of wildlife species on their likeability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
We surveyed a sample of 204 individuals selected from the public in Brisbane, Australia, to ascertain the extent to which they like or dislike 24 species of wildlife present in tropical Australia. The species belong to three classes: mammals, birds and reptiles. We calculated likeability indices for each of these species. We also asked respondents if they favoured the survival of each of these species and so the  percentage of respondents favouring survival of each of these species could be calculated. Thus, using linear regression analysis, the percentage of respondents favouring survival of each of the species was related to their indices of likeability. In addition, the data enables the average likeability of species in the three classes (mammals, birds...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Willingness to pay; Australian Wildlife; Conservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51413

DEPOSIT-REFUND SYSTEMS: ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR THE REDUCTION AND PROPER DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chu,   Mei-Chin.
Hazardous wastes such as spent solvents and heavy-metal paint waste are characterized by certain adverse properties which include toxicity, reactivity, corrosivity, and flammability. Improper disposal of hazardous wastes may lead to air pollution, water pollution, or soil contamination which are dangerous for human health and for the ecosystem. These effects are known as externalities if the consequences, or costs, are not considered in the waste-generators' decisions. Due to externality, the social costs, including externality costs, and private costs diverge. Since the Love Canal event, hazardous waste disposal (HWD) has drawn national attention. A Roper poll reported that hazardous waste was perceived by the American public as the most important...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11004

Der biologische Landbau in Österreich – Entwicklungen und Perspektiven
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Freyer,   Bernhard; Eder,   Michael; Schneeberger,   Walter; Darnhofer,   Ika; Kirner,   Leopold; Lindenthal,   Thomas; Zollitsch,   Werner.
Until now, organic farming in Austria saw its largest growth in the period between 1994 and 1998. The following factors all contributed to Austria achieving the highest percentage of organic farms in Europe: the early addition of guidelines for organic crop production and animal husbandry to the Austrian Codex Alimentarius, the government support for organic farms during and after conversion through compensatory payments, favourable market conditions through the entrance of supermarket chains, the establishment of a marketing company, an active policy by the organic associations and the development of advisory services. However, this dynamic development has not persisted in the late nineties. Whether the crises in conventional production will provide...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Production; Economics; Market; Conversion; Direct payments; Prices; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98995

DER NORDWESTDEUTSCHE VIEHHANDEL IN ZEITEN ZUNEHMENDER INTERNA-TIONALISIERUNG – SITUATION UND WETTBEWERBSFÄHIGKEIT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Recke,   Guido; Theuvsen,   Ludwig; Venhaus,   Nadine; Voss,   Anja.
Der grenzüberschreitende Handel mit Schlacht- und Nutzvieh ist in den vergangenen Jahren erheblich ausgebaut worden. Vor allem die Handelsströme zwischen der nordwestdeutschen Veredelungsregion sowie den Niederlanden und Dänemark sind stark angeschwollen. Auffäl-lig ist, dass der nordwestdeutsche Viehhandel, der national eine wichtige Rolle in der Fleisch-wirtschaft spielt, an dieser Entwicklung kaum partizipiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es das Ziel dieses Beitrags, gestützt auf empirische Untersuchungen von Viehhandelsunternehmen strukturelle, personalwirtschaftliche sowie weitere Gründe für die offenbar geringe Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des deutschen Viehhandel im grenzüberschreitenden Handel mit Schlacht- und Nutzvieh aufzudecken. Auf der Grundlage der...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Viehhandel; Außenhandel; Schlüsselqualifikationen; Vermarktungsorganisation; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114734

Derechos de emision temporales procedentes de actividades de forestacion y reforestacion en el EU ETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bachiller Mendez,   Ignacio; Fernandez-Cavada,   Jose Luis; Martin Juez Labat,   Jaime.
Resumen En este trabajo se examina el marco regulatorio establecido por la Convención Marco sobre Cambio Climático, el Protocolo de Kioto y sus Mecanismos de Flexibilidad, entre ellos el Mecanismo de Desarrollo Limpio (MDL) y el sistema europo de Comercio de Derechos de Emisión (EU ETS). Partiendo de este marco general se expone de qué modo se han incorporado las actividades de forestación y reforestación en el ámbito del MDL y su situación actual en el EU ETS. Se analizan los costes de transacción de este tipo de proyectos de MDL y el estado del mercado de derechos temporales que genera. Finalmente, a la vista de los elementos descritos, se formulan unas conclusiones con respecto a la conveniencia y expectativas del desarrollo futuro de este mercado....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Temporary allowances; EU ETS; Afforestation; CDM; Reforestation; Derechos temporales; EU ETS; Forestacion; MDL; Reforestación; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F18; Q23; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7057

Derivation of Economic and Social Indicators for a Spatial Decision Support System to Evaluate the Impacts of Urban Development on Water Bodies in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batstone,   Chris; Moores,   Jonathon; Semadeni-Davies,   Annette; Green,   Malcolm; Gadd,   Jennifer; Harper,   Sharleen.
There is mounting evidence that urban development in New Zealand has contributed to poor water quality and ecological degradation of coastal and fresh water receiving waters. As a consequence, local governments have identified the need for improved methods to guide decision making to achieve improved outcomes for those receiving waters. This paper reports progress on a research programme to develop a catchmentscale spatial decision-support system (SDSS) that will aid evaluation of the impacts of urban development on attributes such as water and sediment quality; ecosystem health; and economic, social and cultural values. The SDSS aims to express indicators of impacts on these values within a sustainability indexing system in order to allow local...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115349

Derived Carbon Credit Values for Carbon Sequestration: Do CO2 Emissions From Production Inputs Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Williams,   Jeffery R.; Nelson,   Richard G.; Aller,   Taryn D.; Claassen,   Mark M.; Rice,   Charles W.
carbon credit value
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117983

DERIVED CARBON CREDIT VALUES FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION: DO CO2 EMISSIONS FROM PRODUCTION INPUTS MATTER ?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Williams,   Jeffery R.; Nelson,   Richard G.; Aller,   Taryn D.; Claassen,   Mark M.; Rice,   Charles W.
An economic analysis was conducted involving wheat and grain sorghum production systems that affect carbon dioxide emissions and sequester soil carbon.  Parameters examined were expected net returns, changes in net carbon sequestered and the value of carbon credits necessary to equate net returns from systems that sequester more carbon to those that sequester less with and without adjustments for CO2 emissions from production inputs. Evaluations were based on experiment station cropping practices, yield, and soil carbon data for continuously cropped and rotated wheat and grain sorghum produced with conventional and no-tillage. No-till had lower net returns because of lower yields and higher overall costs. Both crops produced under no-till had higher annual...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19798

Derogation on the EU Nitrates Directive: does it make a difference?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Claeys,   Dakerlia; Lauwers,   Ludwig H.; Marchand,   Fleur L.; Van Meensel,   Jef; Buysse,   Jeroen; Van der Straeten,   Bart; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
The paper discusses an ex ante evaluation of the derogation on the Nitrates Directive for Flanders, Belgium, which is a case of intensive but highly productive livestock areas. The aim is to develop an accurate simulation model to detect small differences in manure surpluses caused by changes of manure production and/or utilization. The system of models consists of various modules to fine tune the calculations of manure production, fertilizing behaviour and manure allocation and disposal on and off farm. The results show that derogation may cause the existing manure surpluses to expire, if only nitrogen limits are considered and no transactions costs are taken into account. When also phosphate fertilization limits are considered, the increase in manuring...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrates Directive; Derogation; Modelling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44436

Desempenho Social no Agronegócio Brasileiro: aplicando DEA no segmento de usinas de processamento de cana de açúcar
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Macedo,   Marcelo Alvaro da Silva; Cipola,   Fabricio Carvalho; Ferreira,   Francisco Ritter.
A importância das questões sócio-ambientais nas empresas advém da  crescente demanda, por parte da sociedade, de informações a respeito dos impactos que as atividades empresariais exercem sobre os trabalhadores, a comunidade e o meio ambiente. Ou seja, a sociedade passa a cobrar das empresas uma consciência social corporativa, que representa o nível de compromisso com a busca de soluções para os problemas sócio-ambientais existentes. A partir daí as empresas começaram a ter que provar que o seu custo-benefício é positivo, porque agrega valor à economia e à sociedade, porque respeita os direitos humanos de seus colaboradores e, ainda, porque desenvolve todo o seu processo operacional sem agredir o meio ambiente. É neste contexto que se insere este trabalho,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Desempenho Sócio-ambiental; Agronegócio; DEA; Social and Environmental Performance; Agribusiness; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118705

DESIGNING A SUCCESSFUL VOLUNTARY GREEN SUPPORT PROGRAM: WHAT DO WE KNOW?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.
The current debate surrounding the reauthorization of the omnibus farm legislation has refocused policy makers' attention on an expanding set of public goals envision for the Farm Bill. Whereas early Farm Bills mainly addressed farm income goals, recent Farm Bills have given major attention to the environmental quality concerns.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11824

Designing Carbon Taxation Schemes for Automobiles: A Simulation Exercise for Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adamou,   Adamos; Clerides,   Sofronis; Zachariadis,   Theodoros.
Vehicle taxation based on CO2 emissions is increasingly being adopted worldwide in order to shift consumer purchases to low-carbon cars, yet little is known about the effectiveness and overall economic impact of these schemes. We focus on feebate schemes, which impose a fee on high-carbon vehicles and give a rebate to purchasers of low-carbon automobiles.  e estimate a discrete choice model of demand for automobiles in Germany and simulate the impact of alternative feebate schemes on emissions, consumer welfare, public revenues and firm profits. The analysis shows that a well-designed scheme can lead to emission reductions without reducing overall welfare.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: CO2 emissions; German Automobile Market; Feebates; Carbon Taxation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120047

Designing choice experiments to incorporate tests for geographic scale and scope differences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Windle,   Jill; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Designing a choice modelling (CM) experiment to place a value on increasing protection of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) raises complex issues. The size and diversity of the GBR, and the number of different pressures impacting on it, mean protection and improvement scenarios can be drafted in several different ways. This report discusses some of the considerations in selecting, describing and combining choice attributes. It also looks at how to incorporate tests for geographic scale (size) and scope (complexity) differences into the design of the CM survey instrument. The potential to include information about management options designed to achieve increased protection, and the associated risk and uncertainty, is also discussed.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Scale; Scope; Coral reef; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94802

Designing choice experiments to Test for Anchoring and Framing Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Choice experiments (CE) are increasingly used as a stated preference technique to value changes in non-market goods. Respondents to a CE survey are asked to make repeated choices between alternatives. Each alternative is described by a number of attributes – the attributes levels vary across alternatives and choice sets. A monetary attribute is typically included so that marginal values for changes in the non-market attributes presented can be estimated.   The monetary attribute has central importance. However, there has been limited research on the impacts on respondents’ choices of changing the (range in) levels of the monetary attribute presented in CE surveys. This is known as the ‘anchoring’ effect. The ‘framing’ of non-market attributes may also...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice experiments; Valuation; Anchoring effect; Starting point bias; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94810

DESIGNING CONSERVATION PROGRAMS TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE  (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kling,   Catherine L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32797

Designing contingent valuation scenarios for environmental health: The case of childhood asthma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brandt,   Sylvia J.; Lavin,   Felipe Vasquez; Hanemann,   W. Michael.
Valuation of morbidity associated with childhood asthma is significant both to policy and to non-market valuation methodologies. Our results show that household perceptions and beliefs, such as belief in one’s ability to predict and control asthma attacks, and relative perceptions of the overall burden asthma places on a family, have a larger impact on valuation than traditional measures of asthma severity. More generally, our approach can be applied to other chronic illnesses as well, such as diabetes or chronic pain.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental health; Children; Health risk; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47077

Designing Contracts for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cordero Salas,   Paula.
Reduction of carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) has been identified as a cost effective element of the post-Kyoto strategy to achieve long-term climate objectives. The success of REDD depends primarily on the design and implementation of a financial mechanism that provides land-holders sufficient incentives to participate in a REDD scheme. This paper proposes relational contracting as a more appropriate framework for analyzing proposed REDD incentive regimes rather than that of complete contracting enforcement because relational contracting relies upon mutual self-enforcement in a repeated transaction framework, which better suits the stylized facts of REDD. We characterize the optimal REDD relational contract and provide the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contracts; Incomplete enforcement; Carbon sequestration; Climate change; Institutions; Development.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Land Economics/Use; D86; K12; L14; O12; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61129

DESIGNING GREEN PROGRAMS TO PROTECT ENVIRONMENTAL AMENITIES: A MECHANISM DESIGN APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodhue,   Rachael E.; Gruere,   Guillaume P.; Klonsky,   Karen.
We evaluate the optimal design of programs to encourage the production of environmental amenities in agriculture using a mechanism design approach.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20702

DESIGNING GREEN SUPPORT: INCENTIVE COMPATIBILITY AND THE COMMODITY PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
The purpose of this brief analysis is to consider the potential points  of contact between a program of "green support" and the existing commodity programs in U.S. agriculture.  These points of contact may      take the form of conflict, complementarity, or neutrality.  We shall assume initially that green support is "added" to the programs as they exist in 1994.  Five main commodity program areas are considered:       A. Deficiency payments resulting from the loan rate/target price structure       B. Acreage reduction programs (ARPs) operating in conjunction with A.        C. Conservation compliance, sodbuster and swampbuster programs        D. Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and the Wetland Reserve Program (WRP)       E. GATT obligations and "planting...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14462

DESIGNING NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION POLICIES WITH LIMITED INFORMATION ABOUT BOTH RISK ATTITUDES AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Jeffrey M.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
A pollution reduction program is designed where information about both technology and risk preferences is asymmetric.  Program costs and the distribution of payments depend on the amount of information known to the policy maker.  Empirically testable conditions for self-selection are derived; the method is applied to reducing nitrate contamination.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20720

Designing Regional Systems of Biotechnology Regulation A Transaction Cost Approach to Regulatory Governance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birner,   Regina; Linacre,   Nicholas A.
Many developing countries are currently in the process of designing regulatory systems that should make it possible to use the potential of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for agricultural development, while at the same time managing the risks for food safety and the environment that are potentially associated with these technologies. In view of the considerable costs associated with biotechnology regulation and the scarcity of biosafety specialists, there are processes in various regions of the developing world to establish regional systems of biotechnology regulation. So far, there are major knowledge gaps as to how regional systems of biotechnology regulation can be designed to be effective and efficient and to fulfill principles of good...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Regional biotechnology regulation; Regulatory federalism; Transaction cost economics; European Union; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52218

DESIGNING WETLAND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Jiayi; Marshall,   Elizabeth P.; Shortle,   James S.; Ready,   Richard C.; Hershner,   Carlton.
A methodology for evaluating public wetlands conservation investments that considers climate change is developed and applied to Virginia's Elizabeth River watershed. A revised cellular automaton (CA) model is applied to project future land use change. Discrete stochastic sequential programming (DSSP) is used to model a parcel-based discrete-time decision process.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20111

DETECTING EVIDENCE OF NON-COMPLIANCE IN SELF-REPORTED POLLUTION EMISSIONS DATA: AN APPLICATION OF BENFORD'S LAW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dumas,   Christopher F.; Devine,   John H.
The paper introduces Digital Frequency Analysis (DFA) based on Benford's Law as a new technique for detecting non-compliance in self-reported pollution emissions data. Public accounting firms are currently adopting DFA to detect fraud in financial data. We argue that DFA can be employed by environmental regulators to detect fraud in self-reported pollution emissions data. The theory of Benford's Law is reviewed, and statistical justifications for its potentially widespread applicability are presented. Several common DFA tests are described and applied to North Carolina air pollution emissions data in an empirical example.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Benford; Digital frequency analysis; Pollution monitoring; Pollution regulation; Enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21740

Determinantes do desmatamento em pequenas propriedades na Amazônia: um estudo de caso em Uruará - PA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pereira,   Ritaumaria de J.; Vieira,   Wilson da Cruz; Lima,   Joao Eustaquio de; Caldas,   Marcellus Marques.
The main objective of this paper was to analyse the factors that influence deforestation in small rural farms of a colonization area in Brazil’s Amazon Region. It was used data from 138 small farms distribuited over the transamazonic road in the municipality of Uruará, PA. The data was collected during july and august of 2002. A Tobit model with sample selectivity with etimation in two stages (Heckman) was used. In the first stage, the probability of deforestation was explained mainly by the presence of cattle in the farm. In the second stage, the deforestation area was modeled as a function of various factors. The results showed that the main determinants of deforestation are the amount paid for lired labor, the distance from the main road, the number of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Brasilian Amazon; Deforestation; Colonization; Tobit model; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56790

Determinants of adoption and intensity of use of balanced nutrient management systems technologies in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akinola,   Adebayo A.; Arega,   D.A.; Adeyemo,   Remi; Sanogo,   Diakalia; Olanrewaju,   Adetunji S.; Nwoke,   C.; Nzigaheba,   G.; Diels,   J.
As part of a major effort to address soil fertility decline in West Africa, a project on Balanced Nutrient Management Systems (BNMS) has since 2000 been implemented in the northern Guinea savanna (NGS) of Nigeria. The project has tested and promoted two major technology packages, including a combined application of inorganic fertilizer and manure (BNMS-manure) and a soybean/maize rotation practice referred to as BNMS-rotation.  This study employed Tobit model to examine factors that influence the adoption and intensity of utilization of BNMS technologies in the NGS of Nigeria. Results showed that less than 10% of the sample households adopted at least one of the two components of the technology package by the end of 2002.  However, by 2005 the adoption of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; BNMS-manure; BNMS-rotation; Northern Guinea Savanna (NGS).; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52007

Determinants of Agricultural Disaster Payments in the Southeastern U.S.: County Level Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nadolnyak,   Denis A.
This paper evaluates the relevance of weather and climate data in explaining county-level crop disaster payments in Georgia. Following previous research, regional socio-economic and community data are also used to control for factors other than weather. While weather and ENSO data explain the payments well, available economic variables do not.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6733

Determinants of Environmental Innovation – New Evidence from German Panel Data Sources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horbach,   Jens.
In most cases, empirical analyses of environmental innovations based on firm-level data relied on survey data for one point in time. These surveys, especially designed for the analysis of environmental innovations, are useful because they allow for the inclusion of many explanatory variables such as different policy instruments or the influence of stake-holders and pressure groups. On the other hand, it is not possible to address the dynamic character of the environmental innovation process. This paper uses two German panel data bases, the establishment panel of the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) and the Mannheim Innovation Panel (MIP) of the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), to explore the determinants of environmental innovations....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12029

DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD HURRICANE EVACUATION CHOICE IN FLORDIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Solis,   Daniel; Thomas,   Michael H.; Letson,   David.
In this study we implement a set of econometric models to analyze the determinants of household hurricane evacuation choice for a sample of 1,355 households in Florida. This article contributes to the literature by accounting for two issues normally neglected in previous studies; namely, time and space. The empirical results suggest that households living in risky environments (mobile home and flooding areas) are more likely to evacuate. In addition, households with kids and those who have experience the treat of a hurricane also display higher probabilities to evacuate. Conversely, homeowners and households with pets are less likely to evacuate than their counterparts. Regional differences in propensity to evacuate are also clearly demonstrated, with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hurricane; Evacuation choice; Probit; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45338

DETERMINANTS OF NON-TIMBER VALUE IN NORTHERN HARDWOODS: A FRAMEWORK FOR FOREST RESOURCE ACCOUNTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scarpa,   Riccardo; Buongiorno,   Joseph; Hseu,   Jiin-Shyang; Lee,   Karen.
We propose a revealed-preference based definition of non-timber values and apply it to uneven-aged northern hardwoods in Wisconsin.  Non-timber values so defined are found to be sizeable.  Hedonic regressions reveal theoretically consistent signs and plausible magnitudes of determinants.  Regional forest policy and natural resource accounting can both apply this concept.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20799

DETERMINANTS OF PARTICIPATION BEHAVIOR OF LIMITED RESOURCE FARMERS IN CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM IN ALABAMA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gyawali,   Buddhi Raj; Onianwa,   Okwudili O.; Wheelock,   Gerald; Fraser,   Rory.
This study investigated factors that affect participation behavior of limited resource farmers (LRF) in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in Alabama. A binary logit model was employed to analyze data obtained from 611 respondents. Results indicated that males, part-time occupation, total acres, participation in non-conservation related programs, direct method of receiving CRP information, and respondents' interest in receiving CRP information, were strong predictors of participation in the CRP.   Key words:  Limited resource, CRP, minorities, participation behavior
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Limited resource; CRP; Minorities; Participation behavior; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35047

Determinants of Participation in a Catastrophe Insurance Programme: Empirical Evidence from a Developing Country
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akter,   Sonia; Brouwer,   Roy; Chowdhury,   Saria; Aziz,   Salina.
The paper presents empirical evidence of the determinants of catastrophe insurance participation in one of the poorest and most disaster prone countries in the world. In a large-scale household survey carried out in 2006 we ask 3,000 residents in six different districts in Bangladesh facing various environmental risk exposure levels about their willingness to participate in a catastrophe insurance programme. Combining factors put forward in risk theory and economics, we estimate a model of insurance participation. We show that the household decision to participate in the insurance programme differs depending on both exogenous and endogenous risk exposure levels. As predicted by micro-economic theory, ability to pay, measured in terms of household income...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Natural disasters; Catastrophe; Insurance; Participation; Risk; Bangladesh; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Risk and Uncertainty; Q54.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5984

Determinants of Participation versus Consumption in the Nordic Swan Eco-labeled Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brouhle,   Keith; Khanna,   Madhu.
This paper uses data on purchases of Nordic Swan Eco-labeled toilet paper and paper towels by individual Danish households to analyze the determinants of demand for eco-labeled goods and the decision process underlying it.  Among several models that are estimated, a double-hurdle model that distinguishes between factors influencing the discrete decision to participate by purchasing an eco-labeled good and the continuous decision about the quantity of the eco-labeled good to be purchased is found to fit the data best. We find that prices as well as consumer tastes and preferences, proxied by their socio-demographic characteristics, have a much stronger impact on the participation decision than on quantity consumed for both Swan-labeled toilet paper and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19443

DETERMINANTS OF PESTICIDE REGISTRATION FOR FOOD CROPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Courbois,   Claude B.
An examination of intertemporal, crop-specific pesticide registration data to assess claims that EPA requirements discourage registration of safer pesticides, especially for minor crops.  Results show that the likelihood of registration is increasing in crop market value and decreasing in pesticide safety, but these biases diminished between 1991 and 1995.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20920

Determinants of Romanian Farmers' Participation in Agri-Environmental Programmes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toma,   Luiza; Mathijs,   Erik.
The paper aims to identify the factors underlying farmers' propensity to participate in agri-environmental programmes in a Romanian rural region that confronts non-point source pollution. For this, we employ structural equation modelling with latent variables using data collected through an agri-environmental farm survey in 2001. The model includes one  'behavioural intention' latent variable ('propensity to participate in agri-environmental programmes') and five 'attitude' and 'socioeconomic' latent variables ('demo-social characteristics', 'economic characteristics', 'agri-environmental information access', 'environmental risk perception' and 'general environmental concern'). The results indicate 'environmental risk perception' as the strongest...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programme; Structural equation modelling with latent variables; Environmental risk perception; Romania; Environmental Economics and Policy; C30; Q20; Q50.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24574

Determination of Optimal Environmental Flow Acquisition  in Kor Basin, Doroudzan Dam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asad Falsafi Zadeh,   Neda; Sabouhi Sabouni,   Mahmood.
In current study, an irrigation examination and acquisition of environmental water in Kor River fields, that is dominated from Doroudzan dam to Bakhtegan Lake, was done by an integrated economy-environmental model. The model was considered by economic, hydrologic and agronomic components. In the economic component, an optimal harvesting of water was done using non-linear programming in two scenarios; with and without environmental water constraint. Solutions from simulation of environmental data in the hydrologic component, was used as initial data in the economic component. In the agronomic component, actual crop yield in wet, normal and dry years was determined using the relationship between crop yield and irrigation water amount. Results showed that,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Expected Net Income; Hydrology; Non-Linear Programming Model; Deficit Irrigation; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; C32; C61; D42; D61.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50258

Determining Project-Based Emissions Baselines with Incomplete Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn.
Project-based mechanisms for emissions reductions credits, like the Clean Development Mechanism, pose important challenges for policy design because of several inherent characteristics. Participation is voluntary. Evaluating reductions requires assigning a baseline for a counterfactual that cannot be measured. Some investments have both economic and environmental benefits and might occur anyway. Uncertainty surrounds both emissions and investment returns. Parties to the project are likely to have more information than the certifying authority. The certifying agent is limited in its ability to design a contract that would reveal investment intentions. As a result, rules for baseline determination may be systematically biased to overallocate, and they also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Clean Development Mechanism; Baseline emissions; Asymmetric information; Environmental Economics and Policy; D8; Q4.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10520

Determining the change in welfare estimates from introducing measurement error in non-linear choice models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gibson,   Fiona L.; Burton,   Michael P.
Observed and unobserved characteristics of an individual are often used by researchers to explain choices over the provision of environmental goods. One means for identifying what is typically an unobserved characteristic, such as an attitude, is through some data reduction technique, such as factor analysis. However, the resultant variable represents the true attitude with measurement error, and hence, when included into a non-linear choice model, introduces bias in the model. There are well established methods to overcome this issue, which are seldom implemented. In an application to preferences over two water source alternatives for Perth in Western Australia, we use structural equation modeling within a discrete choice model to determine whether...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Attitudes; Structural equation modeling; Recycled water; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q51; Q53; C13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103428

Determining the Impact of Wind on System Costs via the Temporal Patterns of Load and Wind Generation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Clay D.; Gotham,   Douglas J.; Preckel,   Paul V.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wind Energy; System Costs; Alternative Energy; Electricity Generation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q4; Q42; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103770

Developing a benefit transfer database for environmental values in Queensland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Windle,   Jill; Rolfe,   John.
made in one situation to related circumstances. The benefit transfer process is typically reliant on the availability of a number of source studies which have appropriate levels of reliability and relevance to the issue of interest. However, the limited number of non-market valuation studies to draw on for source values currently limits the benefit transfer process. In this paper, an alternative approach to benefit transfer is outlined where a series of valuation studies were specifically performed to build a reference data base of values for benefit transfer purposes. The choice modelling technique was used to estimate community values for protecting soil, water and vegetation stocks in Queensland, Australia, where both state and regional populations were...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Benefit transfer; Environmental valuation; Choice modelling; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10369

Developing a methodology for assessing the economic impacts of large scale environmental regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Hess,   Peter.
This paper explains the development and implementation of a methodology for assessing the economic impacts of large-scale environmental regulations. The development process began with a literature review surveying channels through which environmental regulations might influence economic performance. Avenues deemed suitable were incorporated into a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the California economy. This model is based on the California Department of Finance's Dynamic Revenue Analysis Model (DRAM). Modifications to DRAM for the current project include a revised sectoring scheme that features industries of particular regulatory interest, revamped data matrices that accommodate this new sectoring scheme, a new air pollution module,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cge models; Environmental aspects; Environmental policy; Methodology; Regulations; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43917

Developing a Questionnaire for Valuing Changes in Natural Resource Management in the George Catchment, Tasmania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
review, expert interviews, biophysical modelling and focus group discussions were used to design a Choice Modelling (CM) questionnaire. This questionnaire was used to value changes in natural resource management in the George catchment, Tasmania. This report describes the questionnaire development, the selection of George catchment attributes and the assessment of attribute levels. The (experimental) design and delivery of the questionnaire are also presented.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice experiments; Valuation; Survey development; Tasmania; Catchment management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94807

Developing an Indicator for Environment Improvement Potential in the Agricultural Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayashi,   Takashi; Takahashi,   Yoshifumi; Yamamoto,   Mitasu.
Agriculture and forestry produce various environmental benefits such as CO2 absorption and water storage as well as food and energy crops. Environmental benefits contribute to improving the environment. This means agriculture has the potential to improve the environment. By measuring such potential, we can understand agriculture's affect on the environment. However, both environmental loads and benefits should be taken into account because agriculture produces not only environmental benefits but also environmental loads, and both affect the agricultural potential for improving the environment. Furthermore, as potential cannot be calculated by a single environmental factor, it is necessary to consider various environmental factors in the measurements....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25375

Developing an institutional model for the extension and adoption of environmental Best management Practices by pastoral farmers in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Journeaux,   Phil.
The practice of extension of environmental Best Management Practices (BMPs) involves the integration of a range of complex issues. Currently the practice of this in New Zealand is somewhat piece-meal, ad-hoc, and not well coordinated amongst the organisations involved. There is also a strong rationale for Government involvement. This paper discusses these issues and proposes a way forward.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97130

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: THE EFFECT OF BUDGET BALANCE                 AND POLLUTION CEILING CONSTRAINTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
I analyze the problem faced by an asymmetrically informed supranational governmental authority (SNGA) with limited financial resources who wishes to design an International Environmental Agreement (IEA). The SNGA cannot contract directly with polluting firms in the various LDCs, but he must deal with such firms through their governments. I study this tripartite hierarchical interaction and focus on the properties of the optimal ex post contracts (IEAs), which can be implemented by the SNGA, in turn, in the case where governments and firms in each nation do not collude and then in the case where governments and firms do collude. I find that the monetary transfers necessary to induce optimal behavior by governments and firms are not very sensitive to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental; Agreement; LDCs; Budget; Ceiling; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; D62; D82; Q25.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28347

Developing Country Participation: The Kyoto-Marrakech Politics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sari,   Agus.
The US has repeatedly criticized the lack of "meaningful participation" of developing countries in the Kyoto Protocol. I discuss the course of negotiations on developing country participation between the conferences at Kyoto in 1997 and Marrakech in 2001. The reluctance of developing countries to enter into discussions on quantitative emissions targets can be explained by the principle of "common, but differentiated responsibilities" enshrined in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the fact that both per capita cumulative emissions and per capita income are still much lower in developing countries than in the industrialized world. Moreover, the Clean Development Mechanism that generates emissions credits for projects in developing countries...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International climate policy; Kyoto Protocol; Developing countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q540; Q560.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26302

Developing Ecotourism for the Survival of Sea Turtles
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
Discusses generally why humans should bother to conserve sea turtles. In doing so, it considers both economic and non-economic reasons and outlines threats to the existence of sea turtles and ways in which tourism may either contribute to the conservation or decline of their populations. Turtle-based ecotourism at Mon Repos in southern Queensland is described. As a result of a survey conducted by the authors, it is shown that turtle-based ecotourism at Mon Repos has positive social (indirect) consequences for the conservation of sea turtles. Furthermore, it is argued that ecotourism operations at Mon Repos have positive direct impacts on the sustainability of populations of sea turtles. However, using a simple model, it is demonstrated that this impact is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Economics; Ecotourism; Sea Turtles; Sustainable Tourism; Wildlife Conservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48008

Developing Environmental Service Policy for Salinity and Water: Experiments with Regulations and Markets Linking Watersheds with Downstream Water Users
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nordblom,   Thomas L.; Reeson,   Andrew; Whitten,   Stuart M.; Finlayson,   John D.; Kelly,   Jason A.; Hume,   Iain H.
Shortfalls in water supplies are perhaps the greatest practical NRM policy concern in Australia today, looming larger in many minds than the great international debates on greenhouse gasses, climate change and biodiversity. Because forest land cover uses more water than any other, wide expansion of upstream tree plantations can significantly reduce water yields upon which downstream urban, agricultural and wetlands depend. We consider the economic efficiency and equity (profitability and distributional) consequences of upstream land use change. The ‘environmental services’ of concern in our study are the mean annual quantities and qualities (volumes and salt concentrations) of water flowing from upper parts of a catchment to the downstream interests...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Experimental economics; Land use; Rival water uses; MBI; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6249

Developing Knowledge-Action Systems for Integrated Water Management in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duncan,   Ronlyn.
The development of agricultural productivity and the management of water along sustainable ecological, economic and social trajectories require an integrated approach.  Integrated water management is knowledge intensive across multiple scales.  As New Zealand moves to set limits on water quantity and quality and respond to changing environmental values, both of which have implications for agricultural productivity, it has become apparent that the links between knowledge, policy and on-ground action are often missing.  As a potential means of reconnecting these missing connections, this paper outlines the theory and practice of knowledge-action systems and their potential role in the coproduction of knowledge and policy across organisational, knowledge and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115354

Development Aid and the CDM - How to Interpret "Financial Additionality"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dutschke,   Michael; Michaelowa,   Axel.
International climate negotiations have specified that projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) should not lead to a "diversion" of official development assistance (ODA). It is however unchallenged that ODA can be used in capacity building for the CDM. Diversion can be interpreted in financial, sectoral and regional terms. There are possibilities to use ODA benchmarks to define diversion such as the UN 0.7% target but they are unlikely to be politically acceptable. On the project level, three main options exist but none of them is perfect. The value of emissions credits (CERs) could be deducted from ODA. This however leads to a long-term pressure on the ODA level. Differentiating an ODA-financed baseline project and a "piggyback" CDM option is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International climate policy; CDM; Development assistance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26243

DEVELOPMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN ASIA: A SURVEY OF RECENT LITERATURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coxhead,   Ian A.
Economic growth and environmental damage are associated, but the relationship is neither linear nor even monotonic. This is clearly seen in the diverse experiences of tropical Asian economies over recent decades. The nature of the growth-environment link depends on the changing composition of production and on growth-related changes in techniques and environmental policies; the enforcement of property rights over natural resources and over air and water quality is another important element. Moreover, environmental and economic policies interact: in effect, every economic policy that affects resource allocation is a de facto environmental measure. One important implication is that the environmental consequences of major policy shifts, such as the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12650

DEVELOPMENT OF A RISK-BASED CLEAN-UP LEVEL FOR CADMIUM IN RESIDENTIAL SOIL;  Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krieger,   Gary R.
The purpose of this document is to derive a risk-based clean-up level (RBCL) for cadmium in residential soil utilizing standard published EPA toxicity factors from IRIS (EPA, 1994) and methodologies from the Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14380

DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS FOR USE IN MACROECONOMIC MODELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kellogg,   Robert L.; Goss,   Don W.
In the fields of agriculture and resource economics, good economics is predicated by good science.  By partnering more with physical scientists, economists will be better able to provide the broad policy-making community with practical recommendations for addressing resource issues.  An example of collaboration is presented for the development of environmental indicators of the potential risk to the environment of the loss of pesticides from farm fields, which will be used by economists to adjust conventionally measured agricultural output for water quality impacts associated with agricultural production.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental indicators; Multidisciplinary research; Pesticide leaching; Pesticide runoff; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15541

Development of Leisure Agriculture in Fujian Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhan,   Ling; Feng,   Xian.
This paper analyzes the developmental advantages of leisure agriculture in Fujian Province of China. It then summarizes the developmental characteristics of leisure agriculture. Finally, some policy proposals on the development of leisure agriculture in Fujian are put forward.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Leisure agriculture; Fujian Province of China; Development research; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53520

Development of the World Fuel Ethanol Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Suya.
This paper summarizes the developmental courses of fuel ethanol in the world. Then, it analyzes the existing problems and developmental prospects of fuel ethanol.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Energy crisis; Environmental pressure; Renewable energy; Fuel ethanol; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53522

Development pattern of circular economy in Jiangsu coastland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Liang.
Circular economy is an effective development pattern to balance economic growth, social development and environmental protection. Based on apprehending the connotation of circular economy, this paper fully considers and studies on the future trends in this area according to the theory of circular economy and the empirical circumstances of Jiangsu Coastland. This paper also discusses the circular economy development pattern adopted by Jiangsu coastland during economic and social development from the aspects of the growth of industry, agriculture, tourism and the construction of circular society.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Development pattern; Circular economy; Jiangsu coastland; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53474

Developmental Upsurge of Leisure Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhong,   Chunyan; Wang,   Jinghua.
This paper expounds the developmental status and characteristics of leisure agriculture, as well as the inevitability of the developmental upsurge. It also analyzes the problems brought by over-heated development of leisure agriculture. And the countermeasures adopted by government and related sections are put forward from the aspects of developmental ideas, plan, management, construction of infrastructure and cultivation of talents.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Leisure agriculture of China; Developmental upsurge; Problem; Countermeasures and proposals; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53511

Devising A Method of ‘Expected Damage’ Estimation for a Polyphagous Invertebrate Pest Exotic to Western Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cook,   David C.
With increasing efficiency in human and freight transport fuelled by the creation of the global market place, pressure is mounting on quarantine administrators to target their resources strategically. A managed approach to decision-making is therefore becoming an integral part of quarantine management since target species and/or entry pathways must be identified and policed effectively. Using the example of Melon Thrips in Western Australia, this paper presents an economic framework that allows decision-makers to prioritise exotic pests based on the damage and production cost increases they are capable of imposing on affected industries. In doing so it identifies a critical level of expected damage associated with the pest that can then be used as a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57851

Did the Great Recession Reduce Visitor Spending and Willingness to Pay for Nature Based Recreation? Evidence from 2006 and 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loomis,   John B.; Keske,   Catherine M.; Lohman,   Greta.
AAEA 2010 POSTER
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Visitor Expenditures; Recreation; Contingent valuation; Hiking; Colorado; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60825

Die Bedeutung der EU-Institutionen in der Klimapolitik - eine Public Choice-Analyse -
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bockem,   Alexandra.
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, anhand des Instrumentariums der Neuen Politischen Ökonomie die zu beobachtenden Ineffizienzen in der europäischen Klimapolitik zu erklären. Diese bestehen zum einen in einer Bevorzugung ineffizienter klimapolitischer Instrumente gegenüber anreizorientierten Maßnahmen wie beispielsweise der CO2- /Energiesteuer. Darüber hinaus ist eine Diskrepanz zwischen weitgesteckten Emissionsreduktionszielen und deren mangelhafter Umsetzung zu erkennen. Trotz der Überlegenheit europaweiter Maßnahmen im Klimaschutz ist die diesbezügliche Politik der EU weiterhin von unkoordinierten nationalen Programmen geprägt. Die EU-Klimapolitik ist ein Teilbereich der europäischen Umweltpolitik, welche ihre Legitimation aus Art. 130r-t EGV erhält....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26326

Die Expertenbewertung als Alternative zur Kontingenzbewertung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mann,   Stefan.
A lot of research is carried out on the Contingent Valuation Method to assess environmental goods. However, the method is rarely applied to quantify reimbursements for agri-environmental policy. In this paper, this contradiction is explained by conceptual shortcomings of the Contingent Valuation. It is suggested to discuss the utility of agri-environmental programs among experts. For that, a three-step methodology including a possible monetary evaluation is developed. The method is applied on agri-environmental programs in Switzerland.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Experts; Agri-environmental policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98084

Die Koexistenz von Zertifikatemarkten fur grunen Strom und CO2- Emissionen - wer gewinnt und wer verliert?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brauer,   Wolfgang; Stronzik,   Marcus; Michaelowa,   Axel.
Zertifikatemärkte für grünen Strom (erneuerbare Energien) und CO2-Emissionen wurden bisher in der Literatur überwiegend isoliert betrachtet. Wir analysieren für den Elektrizitätssektor die Implikationen eines Zusammenwirkens (Koexistenz) beider Märkte. Es werden zwei Fälle der Koexistenz unterschieden. Bei geschlossener Koexistenz refinanziert sich ein grüner Stromproduzent ausschließlich über den grünen Zertifikatemarkt, während er bei offener Koexistenz auf beiden Märkten aktiv wird. Beide Situationen sind gegenüber dem Referenzfall als ineffizient zu bewerten. Während bei geschlossener Koexistenz insbesondere CO2-Verpflichtete einen Vorteil erlangen, profitieren bei offener Koexistenz die Verpflichteten für grünen Strom. Politischen Handlungsträgern...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26322

Die Kosten der Okomassnahmen in der Schweizer Landwirtschaft
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mann,   Stefan.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31995

Die monetäre Bewertung von Naturgütern zwischen ökonomischer Theorie und politischer Umsetzung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hampicke,   Ulrich.
During the past 15 or so years, a considerable number of valuation studies have been published in German language concerning nature conservation mostly in the agrarian countryside, using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). These are documented here and briefly commented on. In the sequel, well-known objections in the literature against this method are discussed and rejected or at least attenuated, thereby referring to more comprehensive literature. Upon careful design, the results from CVM studies bear closer examination as to their reliability. It seems doubtful, however, and must even be regarded as refuted in some special cases that their very objective, as formulated from a rigorous microeconomic position, is achieved, that is the disclosure of the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Nature conservation; Contingent Valuation Method (CVM); Compensating Variation (CV); Equivalent Variation (EV); Application of CVM results; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98085

Die regionale Agrarumweltpolitik in Deutschland unter dem Einfluss der Förderangebote der Europäischen Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Osterburg,   Bernhard; Stratmann,   Ursula.
The article addresses the role the European Union plays in the agri-environmental policy and considers the co-financing of agri-environmental programmes in Germany. First, the development of measures taken under this policy is described from the 1980ies until the present Agenda 2000, taking especially into account the effects of financial promotion by the EU. In addition, a view on nature conservation and water protection reveals the sometimes conflicting interactions between agri-environmental measures and other areas and instruments of environmental policy. In a second part, three sections describe identified problems resulting from the influence of the EU: the effects on the choice and design of agri-environmental policy instruments in the Federal...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programmes; Reg. (EEC) 2078/92; Reg. (EC) 1257/99; Nature conservation; Water protection; Subsidiarity; Property rights; Income effects; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98258

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FARMER AND AGENCY ATTITUDES REGARDING POLICIES TO REDUCE PHOSPHORUS POLLUTION IN THE MINNESOTA RIVER BASIN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCann,   Laura M.J.; Easter,   K. William.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14268

DIFFERENCES IN THE TRANSACTION COSTS OF STRATEGIES TO CONTROL AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL OFFSITE AND UNDERSITE DAMAGES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Easter,   K. William.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13421

Diffusion of Innovations on Community Based Small Worlds: the Role of Correlation between Social Spheres
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tanimura,   Emily.
Which types of networks favor the diffusion of innovations in the sense that an innovation whose intrinsic benefits are greater than those of an established choice will be able to replace the latter when it is initially used only by a small fraction of a large population? For deterministic and regular networks there are characterizations, based on a coordination game model of the diffusion of innovations. Here we study this question for a class of irregular random networks, Small world networks, which are of interest as more realistic models of social networks. We consider a random graph model based on a community structure, in which the choice of a parameter allows us to obtain as special cases several well known models, in particular Watts' Small world....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Diffusion of innovations; Small World Networks; Contagion Threshold; Community Structure; Social Networks; Environmental Economics and Policy; D85.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96842

Dimensions of Wealth Dispersion Among Farm Operator Households:  An Assessment of the Impact of Farm Subsidies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: El-Osta,   Hisham S.; Mishra,   Ashok K.
This paper uses microlevel data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey to examine the changes in the distributions of household wealth and to assess the role farm subsidies play, among other factors, in affecting these distributions.  The empirical analysis relies on the concept of the adjusted Gini coefficient and on fixed-effect regression procedures.  Coefficients from fixed-effect estimation indicate a negative correlation between government payments and wealth dispersion, with the effect shifting toward more of a positive relation when government payments were allowed to interact with regional dummies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adjusted Gini coefficient; Agricultural Resource Management Survey; Fixed-effects regression; Government subsidies; Life cycle; Wealth dispersion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; C33; D31; D63; O18; Q15.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43733

Dinâmica de sistemas aplicada à gestão de recursos hídricos em bacia hidrográfica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vieira,   Wilson da Cruz.
The objective of this work was to analyze both the allocation of water among competing demands in a river basin and pricing policies for water. Based on a theoretical model that maximizes the net social benefits from the allocation of water over a finite period of time, it was used the dynamic systems approach to analyze various issues related to water resources management in a river basin, such as sustainability of water resources, and water pricing. The model was applied to the Araguari River Basin, located in the State of Minas Gerais.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: River basin; System dynamics; Water resources; Water pricing; Sustainability; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53856

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SHADOW PRICE AND COST ESTIMATES OF NITROGEN POLLUTION ABATEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaik,   Saleem; Helmers,   Glenn A.; Langemeier,   Michael R.
The implications of treating environmental pollution as an undesirable output (weak disposability) as well as a normal input (strong disposability) on the direct and indirect shadow price and cost estimates of nitrogen pollution abatement is analyzed using Nebraska agriculture sector data.  The shadow price of nitrogen pollution abatement treated as an undesirable output represents the reduced revenue from reducing nitrogen pollution.  In contrast, the shadow price of nitrogen pollution abatement treated as an input reflects the increased cost of reducing nitrogen pollution.  For the 1936-97 period, the estimated shadow price and cost of nitrogen pollution abatement for Nebraska ranges from $0.91 to $2.21 per pound and from $300 to $729 million respectively.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31121

DIRECT AND MARKET EFFECTS OF ENFORCING EMISSIONS TRADING PROGRAMS: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murphy,   James J.; Stranlund,   John K.
Since firms in an emissions trading program are linked together through a permit market, so too are their compliance choices. Thus, enforcement strategies for trading programs must account for not only the direct effects of enforcement on compliance and emissions decisions, but also the indirect effects that occur because changes in enforcement can induce changes in permit prices. This paper uses laboratory experiments to test for these direct and indirect market effects. Consistent with theoretical predictions, we find a direct effect of enforcement on individual violations, as well as a countervailing market effect through the permit price. Thus, the productivity of increased enforcement pressure to reduce noncompliance is partially offset by a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14507

Direct Payments for Environmental Services from Mountain Agriculture in Japan: Evaluating its Effectiveness and Drawing Lessons for Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sakuyama,   Takumi.
This article evaluates the effectiveness of ex-post targeting of the direct payment program for mountain agriculture in Japan. A regression analysis explaining the entry into the program shows that the farm profitability and the production cost were significant positive and negative factor, respectively, in determining the uptake, while the efforts by local governments were a robust factor in facilitating the enrollment. These findings imply ineffective ex-post targeting and call for the differentiation of the premium, alternative incentives to promote forestation for the un-enrolled fields and additional funds targeted to those prefectures with the low uptake ratio. Lessons drawn from the Japanese experience for effective incentive measures in developing...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cost-effectiveness; Direct payment; Environmental services; Mountain farming; Targeting; Transaction costs; Japan; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110128

Directed Technical Change and Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Otto,   Vincent M.; Loschel,   Andreas; Reilly,   John M.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/19/06.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12037

DIREITO AMBIENTAL: PERCEPÇÃO DOS AGENTES ENVOLVIDOS NA DESTINAÇÃO FINAL DAS EMBALAGENS DE AGROTÓXICOS DE ACORDO COM A LEI 9.974/00 NA REGIÃO CAFEEIRA DO MUNICÍPIO DE LAVRAS NO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Romaniello,   Marcelo Marcio; Amancio,   Cristhiane Oliveira Da Graca; Braga Junior,   Walter.
Esse trabalho procura discutir a aplicação da lei 9.974/00 (prevenção ao impacto ambiental causado pelo descarte incorreto das embalagens de agrotóxicos) na região cafeeira no município de Lavras no Sul de Minas Gerais através da percepção dos agentes envolvidos na comercialização e destinação final das embalagens de agrotóxicos (produtores, revendas autorizadas e Ministério Público).---------------------------------------------This reserch aims to discuss the law estabilishiment number 9.974/00 (prvention of environmental impact caused by incorrect elimination of agrotoxic package) in Lavras coffee perception of the agents used in comercialization and final destination of the agrotoxic packages (producers, authorized shops and Public Ministery).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Direito ambiental; Café; Agrotóxicos; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109108

Dirt is in the Eye of the Beholder: The World Bank Air Pollution Intensities for Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aguayo,   Francisco; Gallagher,   Kevin P.; Gonzalez,   Ana Citlalic.
This paper identifies a number of errors and inconsistencies in a series of air pollution intensities for Mexico that were recently created by the World Bank. Because these data are being used to conduct public policy analysis and advice for Mexico and countries at similar levels of development, knowledge of the limits of these data is of utmost importance. In addition to identifying the problems with these data, this paper makes a series of adjustments to offer a corrected dataset. These newly corrected data are available on the World Bank's New Ideas in Pollution Regulation (NIPR) web page.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15576

Disadoption of Agricultural Practices by Livestock Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gedikoglu,   Haluk; McCann,   Laura M.J.
To be effective, policies that encourage farmers to use new technologies or practices need farmers both adopt and also keep using these technologies and practices. Adoption of new technologies has been widely analyzed in the literature. However, there is little known about the factors that cause farmers to keep using new technologies or quit using them. Using hazard function estimation, the current study investigates disadoption of Roundup Ready soybeans, injecting manure into the soil, and soil testing. The results of the current study show that over time farmers observe the true benefits and costs of these practices and they become more likely to disadopt these practices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Disadoption; New Technology; Hazard Function; Learning; Uncertainty; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49404

DISCOUNTING AND CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
A constant social discount rate cannot reflect both a reasonable opportunity cost of public funds and an ethically defensible concern for generations in the distant future. We use a model of hyperbolic discounting that achieves both goals. We imbed this discounting model in a simple climate change model to calculate constant equivalent discount rates" and plausible levels of expenditure to control climate change. We compare these results to discounting assumptions and policy recommendations in the Stern Review on Climate Change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Discounting; Climate change modeling; Stern Review; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7149

Discounting and Climate Change Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
A constant social discount rate cannot reflect both a reasonable opportunity cost of public funds and an ethically defensible concern for generations in the distant future. We use a model of hyperbolic discounting that achieves both goals. We imbed this discounting model in a simple climate change model to calculate “constant equivalent discount rates” and plausible levels of expenditure to control climate change. We compare these results to discounting assumptions and policy recommendations in the Stern Review on Climate Change
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7192

Discounting and Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quiggin,   John C.
The discounting of future benefits has long been one of the most controversial, and in many ways, unsatisfactory, aspects of benefit -cost analysis. This concern has been heightened by the rise of the environmental movement and, particularly by the debate over sustainable development. The sustainability approach is presented as an alternative to the standard benefit-cost analysis approach to the question of inter-generational equity.  Sustainability is in fashion, and, as with all fashionable terms, it has been used in many ways and in support of many different policy agendas. A summary and critique of the literature is given by Ule (1991). I shall interpret sustainability very broadly to encompass two main concerns:  (i) The interests of future...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10340

DISCUSSANT'S COMMENTS FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, SELECTED PAPERS SESSION SP-10S, "FARM-LEVEL ANALYSES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanders,   John H.; Ahmed,   Mohamed A. M.
Micro and farm level data are used to analyze issues of pesticide use, declining fertilized grass-legume pastures, land resource degradation, and intensification and specialization. Health Costs and Externalities of Pesticide Use in Locust and Grasshopper Control in the Sahel Victorin Houndekon, Universite National de Benin; Hugo De Groote, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. Investment Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Depreciation:  Improved Pastures in Uruguay Javier Ekboir, Lovell Jarvis, and Carlos Rey, University of California-Davis. Stabilization of Upland Rice Production Under Shortened Fallow in West Africa: Research Priority Setting in a Dynamic Environment and Economic Climate Timothy Dalton, Mathias Becker, and David Johnson....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20894

DISCUSSANT'S COMMENTS FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, SELECTED PAPERS SESSION SP-4Y: "PRICING OF ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS: MEASUREMENT AND EFFICIENCY ISSUES"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phaneuf,   Daniel J.
Techniques for measuring amenity and nonuse values are presented using advances in spatial econometrics and hedonic models. The session also explores the efficiency of block-rate pricing and the appropriateness of "Green Box" subsidies. Papers include:  Measuring the Benefits of Air Quality Improvement: A Spatial Hedonic Approach, Chong Won Kim, Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements; Tim Phipps, West Virginia University; Luc Anselin, West Virginia University.   The Value of Open Spaces for Residential Land Prices &amp; Land Use Change: A Hedonic &amp; Duration Model Analysis, Jacqueline Geoghegan, Clark University; Nancy Bockstael, University of Maryland.   "Green Box" Measures for Agricultural Support: How Decoupled Can They Really Be?...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20980

DISCUSSANT'S COMMENTS FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, SELECTED PAPERS SESSION SP-6Y:  "AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT, WITH A FOCUS ON CLIMATE"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burton,   Diana M.
This session explores various farm management practices within the context of sustainability and environmental uncertainty. Impacts of Global Warming on Cropping Practices in Alberta A. M. Walburger and K. K. Klein, University of Lethbridge. The Value of El Nino Forecast Methods for the U.S. Winter Wheat Producers, Do They Differ? Harvey Hill, Jaehong Park, Wesley Rosenthal, H. Alan Love, Stephen W. Fuller. Trading Poultry Litter at the Watershed Level: A Goal Focusing Approach Kezelee Jones,  Gerard D'Souza. A Futuristic Look at the Use of Grazed Forages in the Western United States Larry Van Tassell, University of Wyoming; E. Tom Bartlett, Colorado State University; John Mitchell, U.S. Forest Service.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20910

DISCUSSANT'S COMMENTS FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, SELECTED PAPERS SESSION SP-7W: "MARKET-BASED CONTROL OF NONPOINT POLLUTION"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shively,   Gerald E.
The focus is on the use of taxes and permits to control nonpoint pollution.  Papers include: Tradable Permits for Controlling Nitrate Pollution of Domestic Groundwater Supplies Cynthia Morgan,  Jay Coggins, and Vernon Eidman,  University of Minnesota.   Point/Nonpoint and Nonpoint/Nonpoint Trading Rules James Shortle, Richard Horan, Marc Ribaudo and Dave Abler.   Nitrogen Sources and Gulf Hypoxia: Potential for Point-Nonpoint Trading Marc Ribaudo, Ralph Heimlich, and Mark Peters.   Green Insurance Versus Green Payments for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Paul Mitchell, Iowa State University.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20797

DISCUSSANT'S COMMENTS FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, SELECTED PAPERS SESSION SP-8W, "PESTICIDES AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurley,   Terrance M.
Studies on the optimal use of pesticides, their disposal, and effects are presented. Papers include:   Financing the Disposal of Unwanted Agricultural Pesticides, Lewell F. Gunter and Terence Centner, University of Georgia. Determinants of Pesticide Registration for Food Crops, Claude Courbois, North Carolina State University and International Food Policy Research Institute. A New Measure of Integrated Pest Management - Weed IPM by Corn Producers, Jorge Fernandez-Cornejo and Sharon Jans, USDA/ERS. The Environmental Effects of Adopting IPM Techniques: The Case of Peach Producers,Jennifer Ferraioli and Jorge Fernandez-Cornejo, USDA/ERS.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21009

DISCUSSANT'S COMMENTS FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, SELECTED PAPERS SESSION SP-8Z: "EFFICIENCY OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woodward,   Richard T.
Legal issues in environmental policy are considered, as well as property rights and voluntary regulations. Taxation, Fines, and Producer Liability Rules: Efficiency and Market Structure Implications Stephen Hamilton, Kansas State University. Regulatory Takings and the Diminution of Value: A Search for Empirical Evidence Marie Truesdell and John Bergstrom, University of Georgia. Environmental and Natural Resource Policy and the Optimal Dispersion of Property Rights Shi-Ling Hsu and Marca Weinberg. The Relative Efficiency of Voluntary vs. Mandatory Environmental Regulations JunJie Wu, Oregon State University; Bruce Babcock, Iowa State University. Electricity Deregulation: What's in Store for the Environment? Alan Levy, Mario Teisl,  Brian Roe, Matthew...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20961

Discussion: Applications and Innovations in Spatial Econometrics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: LeSage,   James P.
These articles provide a discussion of studies presented in a session on spatial econometrics, focusing on the ability of spatial regression models to quantify the magnitude of spatial spillover impacts. Both articles presented argue that a proper modeling of spatial spillovers is required to truly understand the phenomena under study, in one case the impact of climate change on land values (or crop yields) and in the second the role of regional industry composition on regional business establishment growth.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Lagged variables; Panel data; Spatial spillovers; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C33; C51.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113519

DISCUSSION: NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION ABATEMENT - POTENTIAL IMPACT AND RESEARCH NEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Musser,   Wesley N.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30034

Disentangling Access and View Amenities in Access-Restricted Coastal Residential Communities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morgan,   O. Ashton; Hamilton,   Stuart E.
In coastal communities with uniform flood risk, amenity value is comprised of two components – view and access. Having controlled for view, it is assumed that any residual amenity value represents the benefit derived from accessing the beach for leisure/recreational purposes. However, as properties closer to the beach typically have improved viewsheds, the two amenities are highly correlated, and disentangling view and access is problematical. A spatial autoregressive hedonic model captures ease of beach access via a network distance parameter that varies independently from property viewshed, collinearity effects are mitigated, and access and view can be disentangled.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beach access; Property viewshed; Spatial hedonic model; Willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q51; R12; R21; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104620

Disposition of precipitation: Supply and Demand for Water Use by New Tree Plantations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nordblom,   Thomas L.; Finlayson,   John D.; Hume,   Iain H.
As the greatest rainwater users among all vegetative land covers, tree plantations have been employed strategically to mitigate salinity and water-logging problems. However, large-scale commercial tree plantations in high rainfall areas reduce fresh water inflows to river systems supporting downstream communities, agricultural industries and wetland environmental assets. A bio-economic model was used to estimate economic demand for water by future upstream plantations in a sub-catchment (the 2.8 million ha Macquarie valley in NSW) of the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. Given four tree-product values, impacts were simulated under two settings: without and with the requirement that permanent water entitlements be purchased from downstream entitlement...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Forest; Environmental services; Catchment; Water sources; Interception; Entitlement; Supply; Demand; Market; Economic surplus; Evapo-transpiration; Urban water; Irrigation; Wetlands.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101225

Distinguished Fellows Address: Climate change policy and the science of design
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: King,   Robert P.
Climate change has the potential to drive transformations in natural resource access, availability, and use that will have significant, far‐reaching impacts worldwide, not only for those of us living today but also for future generations. As economists we are being called upon to assess the economic impacts of alternative climate change scenarios and the costs of efforts to mitigate and adapt to the adverse consequences of climate change. I classify these professional activities as “economic analysis,” and I cite John Quiggin’s 2011 AAEA Fellows Address (Quiggin 2012) as one of many noteworthy contributions we have made. Equally important, we are being asked to design economic artifacts – institutions, markets, contractual relationships, measuring and...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121412

Distortions in a Multi-Level Co-Financing System: The Case of the Agri-Environmental Program of Saxony-Anhalt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirschke,   Dieter; Hager,   Astrid; Jechlitschka,   Kurt; Wegener,   Stefan.
In this paper we analyze the impact of the EU multi-level co-financing system on regional policy-making and priority setting taking the case of the agri-environmental program of Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. The implications of several co-financing scenarios are analyzed and compared to respective lump-sum transfers using an interactive linear programming approach. The results reveal that regional choices on agri-environmental measures are strongly influenced by the co-financing system leading to distortions. The extent of these distortions depends on the specific regional preferences and restrictions to be considered in the policy-making process.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programs; Co-financing; Federalism; Interactive programming; Policy-making; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C61; H72; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25365

Distortions in a multi-level co-financing system: the case of the agri-environmental programme of Saxony-Anhalt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirschke,   Dieter; Hager,   Astrid; Jechlitschka,   Kurt; Wegener,   Stefan.
In this paper we analyse the impact of the EU multi-level cofinancing system on regional policy-making and priority setting taking the case of the agri-environmental programme of Saxony-Anhalt. The implications of several co-financing scenarios are analysed and compared to respective lump-sum transfers using an interactive linear programming approach. The results reveal how regional choices on agri-environmental measures are influenced by the co-financing system leading to distortions. The extent of these distortions depends on the specific regional preferences and restrictions.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programmes; Co-financing; Federalism; Interactive programming; Policy-making; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96754

Distributing pollution rights in cap-and-trade programs: are outcomes independent of allocation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fowlie,   Meredith; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
According to the Coase theorem, if property rights to pollute are clearly established and emissions permit markets nearly eliminate transaction costs, the permit market equilibrium will be independent of how the permits are initially distributed among …firms. Testing the independence of …firms' permit allocations and emissions is difficult because of endogeneity and omitted variable bias. We exploit the random assignment of …firms to different permit allocation cycles in Southern California's RECLAIM Program to test for a causal relationship between facility-level emissions and initial permit allocations. Our primary …finding is that a null hypothesis of zero effect cannot be rejected.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Emissions trading; Transaction costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; D21; D23; H11; Q50; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47002

Divergent Time Scales in a Coupled Ecological-Economic Model of Regional Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Yong; Jayaprakash,   Ciriyam; Irwin,   Elena G.
This paper establishes a coupled human-ecological model where slow-varying migration is interacting with fast-varying nutrient dynamics in lake ecology. The nonlinearity and fast-slow dynamics built in the model can generate regime shifts (that is, shifts between different equilibrium states) and slowly-reversible ecological changes. Because ecological conditions do affect and are affected by uncoordinated individual decisions on migration and land-use, the policy challenge does not only lie in the optimal use of ecological service but also in the provision of the right incentives that regulates individual behavior. The possibility of regime shifts and slowly-reversible changes in this coupled model makes policy analysis more interesting and technically...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6195

Diversity, Globalisation and Market Stability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lasselle,   Laurence; Svizzero,   Serge; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Diversity; Globalisation; Heterogeneity of Behaviour; Instability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90501

Do baseline requirements hinder trades in water quality trading programs?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; Ghosh,   Gaurav S.; Shortle,   James S.
The Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are promoting point/nonpoint trading as a way of reducing the costs of meeting water quality goals while giving nonpoint sources a larger role in meeting those goals.  Farms can create offsets or credits in a point/nonpoint trading program by implementing management practices such as conservation tillage, nutrient management, and buffer strips.  To be eligible to sell credits, farmers must first comply with baseline requirements.  The EPA defines a baseline as the pollutant control requirements that apply to a seller in the absence of trading.  EPA guidance recommends that the baseline for nonpoint sources be management practices that are consistent with the water quality goal.  A...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nonpoint pollution; Emissions trading; Management practices; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49258

Do Community Characteristics Determine Environmental Outcomes? Evidence from the Toxics Release Inventory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arora,   Seema; Cason,   Timothy N.
This research uses neighborhood characteristics (at the zipcode level) to explain changes in toxic releases between 1990 and 1993. It combines the Toxics Release Inventory data with demographic data from the 1990 US Census. We first analyze the location of manufacturing facilities in a particular neighborhood using a sample selection model, and then attribute changes in the level of emissions between 1990 and 1993 to the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the neighborhood in 1990. The results indicate that variables likely to affect the propensity for communities to engage in political action significantly influence environmental performance. Economic characteristics of neighborhoods (such as income levels and unemployment) also affect...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q00.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10531

Do CVM Welfare Estimates Suffer from On-Site Sampling Bias? A Comparison of On-Site and Household Visitor Surveys
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gonzalez-Sepulveda,   Juan Marcos; Loomis,   John B.
The problem of endogenous stratification associated with on-site sampling has been overlooked in the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). We find that using on-site samples of visitors overstates visitor willingness to pay (WTP) estimates relative to a household sample of visitors, and substantially overstates the unconditional population values. We provide two methods of correcting WTP of on-site samples. The uncorrected on-site sample CVM yields WTP of $132 per trip, while visitor WTP obtained from a random sample of households had a value of $66 per trip. Adaptation of choice-based sampling correction estimator to the on-site CVM data yields $73 per trip, not statistically different from the visitor value from the household survey, but significantly...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation method; Endogenous stratification; On-site sampling bias; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95610

Do environmental attitudes predict organic purchasing and environmental organization involvement?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Entem,   Alicia.
The members of affluent Western societies have become increasingly aware of environmental issues. The increases in environmental awareness have created new environmentally conscious markets, such as organic foods and products, and organizations. This article looks at whether socio-demographic variables can predict environmental attitudes and whether there is a connection between environmental attitudes and the realization of behaviours that promote environmental protection (organic food purchases and environmental group membership). In Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and surrounding communities, health and environment attitudes as well as demographic information were collected through intercept surveys administered at locations that ensured a representative...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113244

Do Farmers Internalise External Impacts of Pesticides in Production?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skevas,   Theodoros; Stefanou,   Spiro E.; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.
In modern agriculture, pesticides feature so prominently in growers’ arsenal to reduce crop damage caused by various pests and diseases. But their indiscriminate use can harm human health and the environment and, eventually, impact agricultural productivity negatively. In an era of an increasing public awareness on the external effects of pesticides, the EU is trying to update its pesticide policy by establishing tax and levy schemes. An important question is whether the external impacts of pesticides are also affecting the farmers’ production environment. A damage abatement specification is used consisting of a potential output function and a damage abatement function. The damage abatement function considers both high and low toxicity pesticides, and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pesticides; Externalities; Biodiversity; The Netherlands; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109403

Do farmers provide agri-environmental services efficiently? – An economic analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kantelhardt,   Jochen; Eckstein,   Karin.
Agricultural land use does not only concern farmers, but also has a large number of social and environmental effects. Consequently, it is to be assumed that farmers have to use financial resources as well as labour in order to provide these services. Using the nonparametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we calculated the economic as well as the ecological efficiencies of farms and examined whether farms are able to succeed in combining ecological and economic efficiency. In addition to this analysis, we studied the driving factors of the respective efficiencies. The study was carried out in four typical production regions in Bavaria which vary in their proportions of grassland as well as their yield potential; thus, the study regions reflect a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural land use; Data envelopment analysis; Ecological efficiency; Economic efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7973

Do Farmers Value The Environment? Evidence from the Conservation Reserve Program Auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vukina,   Tomislav; Levy,   Armando; Marra,   Michele C.
The paper uses data from the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) auctions to elicit farmers' attitudes toward the environment by analyzing their bids. The CRP pays farmers to remove land from production and put it to a conservation use. An interesting aspect of these auctions is that winners are determined by a combination of low bids and environmental scores of individual plots. The results indicate that farmers condition their bids on the strength of their environmental scores and that they consistently value those environmental improvements which are concentrated locally such as reduced soil erosion, while they place less emphasis on those benefits which resemble public goods such as air quality and wildlife habitat.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; D44; D82; Q51; Q58.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25233

Do Lower Prices For Polluting Goods Make Environmental Externalities Worse?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   Timothy J.
Lower prices for polluting goods will increase their sales and the pollution that results from their production or use. Conventional intuition suggests that this relationship implies a greater need for environmental policy when prices of "dirty" goods fall. But the economic inefficiency resulting overproduction of polluting goods may fall, not rise, as the cost of producing those goods falls. While lower costs exacerbate overproduction, they also reduce the difference between private benefit and the total social cost--the sum of private and external costs--associated with that overproduction. We derive a test, based on readily observed or estimated parameters for conditions in which the latter effect outweighs the former. In such cases, making a dirty good...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Regulatory policy; Externalities; Electricity restructuring; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; L51; L94.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10776

Do Supervisors Affect the Valuation of Public Goods?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Franceschi,   Dina; Vásquez,   William F.
Systematic supervision procedures have been proposed to improve contingent valuation surveying, particularly in developing countries. Surprisingly, the CV literature does not say much about the potential effects of supervision even though there is evidence of interviewer effects and social desirability issues that can bias results. This paper investigates the effects of interview supervision on the valuation of public services, using split-sample treatments to include a test of scope of a nested good and to assess the effect of interview supervision on reported WTP. Results suggest that supervisors can be used to improve quality with no effect on WTP estimates.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Drinking water; Nicaragua; Social desirability; Supervision effects; Willingness to pay; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117771

Documentation of baseline and policy scenarios for Test Case 1
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perez Dominguez,   Ignacio; Bigot,   Genevieve; Josien,   Etienne; Bousset,   Jean-Paul; Majewski,   Edward; Therond,   Olivier; Thenard,   Vincent; Bergez,   Jacques-Eric.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9300

Documentation of baseline and policy scenarios to be assessed with Prototypes 2 and 3
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Belhouchette,   Hatem; Wery,   Jacques; Therond,   Olivier; Alkan Olsson,   Johanna; Adenauer,   Marcel; Kuiper,   Marijke H.; Samake,   Amadou; Belieres,   Jean Francois; Rapidel,   Bruno; Barbier,   Bruno; Diarisso,   Tidiane; Traore,   Bouba Sidi; Nawrot,   Barbara; Straszewski,   Slawomir; Was,   Adam; Majewski,   Edward; Bigot,   Genevieve; Josien,   Etienne; Turpin,   Nadine; Bousset,   Jean-Paul.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57787

Documentation of model components EXPAMOD and CAPRI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adenauer,   Marcel; Perez Dominguez,   Ignacio; Bezlepkina,   Irina V.; Heckelei,   Thomas; Romstad,   Eirik; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57918

Does Agricultural Trade Liberalization under FTA Reduce Pollution from Agriculture? : The Case of the Japan-Korea FTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yamamoto,   Yasutaka; Sawauchi,   Daisuke; Masuda,   Kiyotaka.
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate over agricultural trade and environment by asking: Does agricultural trade liberalization under free trade agreement (FTA) reduce pollution from agriculture?  In order to contribute to answering the above research question, we measure the potential impact of environmental pollution from agriculture caused by agricultural trade liberalization under the Japan-Korea FTA (JKFTA), using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model and the OECD Nitrogen Balance Database.  The scenario we model assumes the complete removal of all import tariffs between Japan and Korea, not only in the agricultural sector but in non-agricultural sectors, as well.  The results show the JKFTA is likely to lead to an overall...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade and environment; Free trade agreement; Computable general equilibrium modeling; Agriculture; Japan; Korea; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C68; F14; F15; F18; Q17; Q56.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9969

Does anybody give a dam? The importance of public awareness for urban water conservation during drought
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aisbett,   Emma; Steinhauser,   Ralf.
Demand management has been of interest in dry climates such as Australia, Spain and the Western United States for decades. It is particularly important to understand policy options during drought conditions, as drought periods have a disproportionate effect on supply infrastructure decisions. While water‐conservation campaigns aimed at inducing voluntary consumption reductions are almost universally employed by water managers in times of supply constraint, voluntary measures are generally dismissed in the economics literature as ineffective. We argue that the robust positive correlation between dam levels and consumption after controlling for policy changes suggests that there is a significant component of voluntary conservation. Furthermore, omitting dam...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water use; Demand management; Pricing; Behavioral aspects; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107850

Does economic endogeneity of site facilities in recreation demand models lead to statistical endogeneity?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Min; Lupi,   Frank.
Different kinds of endogeneity problems in Random Utility Models of recreation demand have been studied in previous literature. Some site characteristics, like facilities, could be endogenous in an economic sense due to the interplay of supply and demand. That is, it may be that more popular recreation sites tend to have better site characteristics since managers with limited budgets would be more willing to invest in them. If recreation site improvements are more likely to occur at the more popular sites, then might this economic endogeneity cause problems for econometric models linking site demand to facilities.  In this paper, we use Monte Carlo simulations to test whether this economic endogeneity will lead to statistical endogeneity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Random Utility Models; Facilities; Endogeneity; Monte Carlo simulations; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49449

Does Economic Endogeneity of Site Facilities in Recreation Demand Models Lead to Statistical Endogeneity?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Min.
Random Utility Models of recreation demand are widely used to relate demand and value to the characteristics of recreation sites. Although some kinds of endogeneity problems have been studied in previous literature, no study has addressed the potential problem with site characteristics that are endogenously supplied. Some site characteristics, like facilities, could be endogenous in an economic sense due to the interplay of supply and demand. That is, more popular recreation sites tend to have better site characteristics since managers with limited budgets would be more willing to invest in them. If recreation site improvements are more likely to occur at the more popular sites, then this economic endogeneity might cause problems for econometric models...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Random Utility Maximization models; Facilities; Endogeneity; Monte Carlo simulations; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55808

Does Ecotourism Contribute to Sea Turtle Conservation? Is the Flagship Status of Turtles Advantageous?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
There is little doubt that marine turtles are a flagship species for wildlife tourism.  In some cases, this has turned out to be liability for sea turtle conservation, but in other cases, where for example turtle-based ecotourism has been developed, it has made a positive contribution to turtle conservation.  Examples of both cases are given.  Particular attention is given to the development of turtle-based ecotourism at Mon Repos Beach near Bundaberg, Australia.  This development is set in its historical context and its contribution to conservation is discussed.  Headstart projects for sea turtles in Sri Lanka are a tourist attraction.  While they are promoted as having positive conservation consequences and a survey indicates that visitors are on the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marine turtles conservation; Wildlife tourism; Mon Repos beach; Ecotourism; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48971

Does Efficient Irrigation Technology Lead to Reduced Groundwater Extraction?: Empirical Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pfeiffer,   Lisa; Lin,   C.-Y. Cynthia.
Please see the revised, peer reviewed paper:  Lisa Pfeiffer, C.-Y. Cynthia Lin, Does efficient irrigation technology lead to reduced groundwater extraction? Empirical evidence, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Available online 23 December 2013, ISSN 0095-0696, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2013.12.002. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069613001095)
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigation efficiency; Groundwater management; Irrigation technology; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60927

Does geography matter in nutrient abatement? Bioeconomic model of heteregoneus farm nutrient loads
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helin,   Janne.
Economists often rely on stylised models for analysis of environmental policies. This study demonstrates that abstracting from soil and topography can have profound effect on marginal abatement costs of nutrient loads. By extending earlier bioeconomic models to represent heterogeneous soils and slopes, it is possible to show that targeting the abatement methods on high load risk areas allows low cost reduction. Ignoring the heterogeneity can lead to significant overestimates of the abatement costs and hence to misleading policy recommendations. The results hold even for relatively Flat areas, such as the watershed of River Kalajoki, for which the model was applied to.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-point source water pollution; Abatement costs; Heterogeneity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q52.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51693

Does Government Regulation Complement Existing Community Efforts to Support Cooperation? Evidence from Field Experiments in Colombia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Maria Claudia; Murphy,   James J.; Spraggon,   John M.; Stranlund,   John K.
In this paper we describe a field experiment conducted among mollusk harvesters in a community on the Pacific Coast of Columbia.  The experiment is based on a standard linear public good and consists of two stages.  In the first stage we compare the ability of monetary and nonmonetary sanctions among community members to increase contributions to the public good.  In the second stage we add a government regulation with either a high or low sanction for noncompliance to community enforcement efforts. The results for the first stage are consistent with other comparisons of monetary and nonmonetary sanctions within groups; both led to higher contributions. The results from the second stage reveal that government regulations always complemented community...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Field experiments; Public goods; Government regulation; Community enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Public Economics; C93; H41; Q2.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42128

Does Hazardous Waste Matter? Evidence from the Housing Market and the Superfund Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greenstone,   Michael; Gallagher,   Justin.
Approximately $30 billion (2000$) has been spent on Superfund clean-ups of hazardous waste sites, and remediation efforts are incomplete at roughly half of the 1,500 Superfund sites. This study estimates the effect of Superfund clean-ups on local housing price appreciation. We compare housing price growth in the areas surrounding the first 400 hazardous waste sites to be cleaned up through the Superfund program to the areas surrounding the 290 sites that narrowly missed qualifying for these clean-ups. We cannot reject that the clean-ups had no effect on local housing price growth, nearly two decades after these sites became eligible for them. This finding is robust to a series of specification checks, including the application of a quasi-experimental...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12179

DOES INCLUSION OF LANDOWNERS' NON-MARKET VALUES LOWER COSTS OF CREATING CARBON FOREST SINKS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaikh,   Sabina L.; Suchanek,   Pavel; Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This research examines effects of various factors on farmer participation in agricultural tree plantations for economic, environmental, social and carbon-uptake purposes. Using data from a survey of Canadian agricultural landowners, a discrete choice random utility model is used to determine the probability of farmers' participation and corresponding mean willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for a tree-planting program. WTA includes positive and negative nonmarket benefits to landowners from planting trees. Estimates of WTA are less than foregone agricultural rents, but average costs of creating carbon credits still exceed their projected value under a CO2-emissions trading scheme
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18151

Does Information Matter? Assessing the Role of Information and Prices in the Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Decision
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Williamson,   James M.
This article investigates the impact of agronomic, environmental, and price information on the management decision of nitrogen fertilizer. Because excessive nitrogen originating from agricultural production activities can cause environmental degradation, understanding how information influences the nutrient application decision on the field is important for developing strategies for nitrogen load mitigation. I investigate the value farmers place on information about N management they receive from several sources.  In particular, I evaluate how farmers use information from soil N-tests to make decisions about the rate of N to apply to the field. My results show that soil N-testing can be an effective management practices for reducing excess N applications....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrogen Fertilizer Application; Soil N-testing; Agronomic Information; Best Management Practices; Nonpoint Source Pollution; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60892

DOES INTENSITY OF CHANGE MATTER? FACTORS AFFECTING ADOPTION IN TWO AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL SCHEMES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barreiro-Hurlé,   Jesús; Espinosa-Goded,   Maria; Dupraz,   Pierre.
Agri-environmental schemes are the main policy instrument currently available in the EU to promote environmentally friendly farming practices. Nevertheless, the adoption rate of these measures is still limited. This paper develops a theoretical framework to explain farmer sign-up decision and tests whether factors affecting this decision differ depending on the level of requirement of each measure. The model is tested with two different AES in Spain implying a low and a high farm management change. Technical factors are found to be most relevant when significant farm practice changes are at stake while the role of farmer characteristics is significant when minor changes are required. In both cases, social capital and farmer attitudes still explain part of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental schemes; Adoption models; Measure intensity; Spain; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6458

Does Nature Limit Environmental Federalism?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   V. Kerry; Schwabe,   Kurt A.; Mansfield,   Carol.
This research considers whether the principles developed to analyze the optimal jurisdiction for producing public goods can be applied in cases where regulations of private activities provide the primary means to deliver different amounts of public and quasi-public goods. The analysis evaluates how devolution affects the development of benefit cost analyses for regulations and the role of economic versus environmental factors in defining the extent of the regulatory market. Using a study of nutrient control for the Neuse River in North Carolina, the analysis develops area specific measures of the benefits and costs of regulations and illustrates how changes in the composition of the areas allowed to "count" for policy design can affect decisions about the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental federalism; Benefit-cost analysis; Nutrient control; Environmental Economics and Policy; H11; H23; Q28.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10684

DOES NON-FARM INCOME DIVERSIFICATION IN NORTHERN ALBANIA OFFER AN ESCAPE FROM RURAL POVERTY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meyer,   Wiebke; Mollers,   Judith; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud.
The paper uses up-to-date household data from two Northern-Albanian regions. It summarises socio-economic facts on taking up remunerative non-farm employment and identifies the determinants of non-farm income diversification at the farm household level based on a binary logistic regression. Furthermore, the paper provides insight in the northern-Albanian farming structure, migration patterns, attitudes towards and reasons for income diversification into the non-farm sector. Income diversification indeed has a positive impact on the welfare of the households: A statistically significant increasing trend in incomes with rising diversification level was observed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Non-farm income diversification; Farm households; Migration; Albania; Ausserlandwirtschaftliche Einkommensdiversifizierung; Landwirtschaftliche Haushalte; Migration; Albanien; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Q12; R23; F22; P36.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91912

Does Politics Matter in EPA's Monitoring Activities? Evidence from Facility Level Data on Enforcement of Clean Air Laws
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Innes,   Robert; Mitra,   Arnab.
This paper studies the potential effects of political pressure on environmental law enforcement in the Unites States. Prior work, most notably the key works of Deily and Gray, document the sensitivity of U.S. environmental enforcement to economic circumstances of regulated firms. However, the sensitivity of environmental enforcement may be motivated not only by cost-benefit criterion (economic costs of environmental enforcement against troubled firms in high unemployment areas are high) but also by political considerations, and most likely both. We are interested in identifying whether political influence directly affected environmental enforcement during the years 1990-2005, which cover most part of the Bush and Clinton administrations. Using political,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6128

Does respondent’s perceived knowledge of the status quo affect attribute attendance and WTP in choice experiments? Evidence from the Karapiro Catchment Freshwater streams
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   Dan; Mkwara,   Lena Asimenye; Scarpa,   Riccardo.
In environmental valuation studies with stated preference methods researchers often provide descriptions of status quo conditions which may differ from those perceived by respondents. Ignoring this difference in utility baselines may affect the way attributes are attended to in choice tasks and further affect the magnitude of utility changes and hence bias the implied estimates of benefits from the proposed environmental policies. We investigate this issue using data from a choice experiment on a community’s willingness to pay for water quality improvements in streams. About 60% of respondents perceived the description of the quality of water in streams to be better than the one we provided in our scenario. Our results show some differences in serial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice experiments; Fixed status quo; People’s perceived status quo; Willingness to pay.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96809

Does Scarcity Exacerbate the Tragedy of the Commons? Evidence from Fishers’ Experimental Responses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maldonado,   Jorge Higinio; Moreno-Sanchez,   Rocio del Pilar.
Economic Experimental Games (EEGs), focused to analyze dilemmas associated with the use of common pool resources, have shown that individuals make extraction decisions that deviate from the suboptimal Nash equilibrium. However, few studies have analyzed whether these deviations towards the social optimum are affected as the stock of resource changes. Performing EEG with local fishermen, we test the hypothesis that the behavior of participants differs under a situation of abundance versus one of scarcity. Our findings show that under a situation of scarcity, players over-extract a given resource, and thus make decisions above the Nash equilibrium; in doing so, they obtain less profit, mine the others-regarding interest, and exacerbate the tragedy of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tragedy of the commons intensified; Economic experimental games; Resource abundance; Resource scarcity; Dynamic effects; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; D01; D02; D03; O13; O54; Q01; Q22; C93; C72; C73; C23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91170

Does Social Capital Have a Role in Environmental Kuznets Curve Estimation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Bhandari,   Doleswar; Johnson,   Thomas G.
This study examines if social capital has a role to play in environmental Kuznets curve estimation. It uses information from the World Values Survey to extract the variables representative of the social capital to develop an index using a principal component analysis. Estimation involves the use of parametric and semiparametric panel models to examine the role of social capital in the EKC behavior.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21341

Does Social Capital Have a Role in Environmental Kuznets Curve? Spatial Panel Regression Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Zapata,   Hector O.; Schafer,   Mark J.; Marzoughi,   Hassan.
We advance a case for an inclusion of social capital in the environmental Kuznets curve analysis using highly disaggregated data on water pollution in Louisiana. A social capital index and other variables are used in parametric and spatial panel regression models to explain water pollution dynamics.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Social capital; Principal component analysis; Environmental Kuznets curve; Spatial regression; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19457

Does Targeting a Designated Area Crowd out the other Preservation Programs’ Efforts?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Xiangping; Lynch,   Lori.
Maryland has introduced a number of land preservation programs over the past 40 years to permanently preserve resource lands. Although new programs can increase the number of acres being preserved, they might have unintended impact on land preservation due to interaction with existing land preservation programs.  The Maryland Rural Legacy program began in 1997 by designating large contiguous blocks of land and focusing its preservation efforts only in those areas. The program’s could attract existing programs to shift their preservation effort into this designated rural legacy areas if there exist economy of scale or they subsidized existing programs’ effort through matching funds. Alternatively, it could crowd out the others’ preservation efforts in these...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crowding effects; Designated preservation areas; Land preservation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q18; Q24; Q28; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49339

Does tendering conservation contracts with performance payments generate additional benefits?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schilizzi,   Steven; Breustedt,   Gunnar; Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe.
Policy makers aiming to get private landholders to supply non-marketed environmental services may need to provide efficient economic incentives. Two ideas have been explored to achieve this: linking contract payments to environmental outcomes and submitting the contracts to competitive tender. This paper investigates whether there are any gains to be had by combining the potential benefits of both approaches. Landholders’ risk aversion to only partially controlled outcomes may offset incentive effects if the fall in participation outweighs any increases in individual effort. Controlled lab experiments were designed on the basis of a theoretical model and were run in two countries, with varying rates of payments linked to environmental outcomes. Results...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation tenders; Auctions; Incentive contracts; Agricultural policy; Environmental policy; Market-based instruments; Experimental economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C92; D44; D82; D86; H57; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100883

„Doppelte Politikverflechtung“ als Bestimmungsfaktor der Agrarstruktur- und der Agrarumweltpolitik in der BR Deutschland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mehl,   Peter; Plankl,   Reiner.
A large portion of the agri-structural policies and agri-environmental policies in the Federal Republic of Germany are decided within the framework of complex decision-making structures and fiscal responsibility at different political levels (the federal states, the national government, and the European Union), resulting in “double-interlocked federalism”. This paper describes the specific institutional configuration and its historical development, and presents a financial analysis of the development plans for rural areas in selected federal states to illustrate the increasing role of interlocked federalism. The interplay between the political levels took an unexpectedly flexible, and between the various states heterogeneous, form. All in all, however, the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural structure policies; Agri-environmental policies; Interlocked federalism; Rural areas; Financial analysis; Federalism; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98865

DOUBLE DIPPING IN POLLUTION MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woodward,   Richard T.; Han,   Manseung.
We explore the efficiency of allowing participants in transferable-rights programs to sell credits in multiple markets, i.e., to double dip. In a first-best economy double-dipping is efficient, but if the cap is set suboptimally, then the answer depends on the relative slopes of the marginal benefit and marginal cost curves.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20323

DOUBLE DIVIDEND WITH TRADE DISTORTIONS: ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND EVIDENCE FROM CHILE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Dessus,   Sebastien.
This paper contributes to the double dividend debate with a formal analysis and some numerical evidence emphasizing trade and environmental distortions with a substitution of environmental taxes for trade distortions.  We derive existence conditions and we empirically explore the trade/environment double dividend with an applied general equilibrium model of Chile.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Double dividend; Trade and environment; Piecemeal reform; Policy coordination; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21509

Double Irreversibility and Environmental Policy Design
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pommeret,   Aude; Prieur,   Fabien.
The design of environmental policy typically takes place within a framework in which uncertainty over the future impact of pollution and two different kinds of irreversibilities interact. The first kind of irreversibility concerns the sunk cost of environmental degradation; the second is related to the sunk cost of environmental policy. Clearly, the two irreversibilities pull in opposite directions: policy irreversibility leads to more pollution and a less/later policy while environmental irreversibility generates less pollution and a more/sooner policy. Using a real option approach and an infinite time horizon model, this paper considers both irreversibilities simultaneously. The model first is developed by paying particular attention to the option values...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Policy; Environmental Irreversibility; Policy Irreversibility; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q58; D81.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50359

DROUGHT AND CLIMATE CHANGE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE WEST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adams,   Richard M.; Peck,   Dannele E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27990

Drought: Economic Consequences and Policies for Mitigation Global Overview
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Jock R.
The natural variation in climate around the world means that periods of severe shortfall of rainfall are inevitable, and some times occur on a large geographical scale. Human settlements have adapted to this reality in many different ways, including the development of agricultural systems that feature variously robust aspects in the face of drought. As climates change under the influence of modified atmospheric composition, it seems likely that many parts of the world will face increased incidence of drought and thus more challenging tasks for farm managers, managers of non- farm enterprises that are sensitive to drought, national policy makers and, last but not least, households in rural areas that are close to subsistence levels even in non-drought...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25347

Drought impacts and related risk management by smallholder farmers in developing countries: evidence from Awash River Basin, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murendo,   Conrad; Keil,   Alwin; Zeller,   Manfred.
Climate risk studies have largely neglected household coping and adaptation strategies. In this paper we analyze drought impacts, drought risk management, and resulting drought resilience in Awash River Basin of Ethiopia based on socio-economic data collected from 43 randomly selected Peasant Associations. We find that severe drought periods have led to a significant depression of crop yields and to widespread death of livestock in the past. Drought periods have drastically increased the proportion of food insecure households and lengthened the duration of food insecurity in the area. Since, with climate change, drought periods are predicted to become more frequent in this region in the future, the problem of food insecurity is likely to become even more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Drought; Drought risk management; Ethiopia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114750

Dryland salinity, coordinating action and economic policy: a role for contracts?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harvey,   Sallyann.
The problem of addressing dryland salinity at a landscape is considered in the context of using economic incentives to encourage change in land use by individual landholders to adopt salinity mitigating actions where a public asset of significant value is threatened. This paper reviews the principal-agent problem and looks at mechanisms which give incentives to address natural resource management problems, and in particular, the role of contracts between the Government and the landholders for achieving environmental objectives. Consideration is then given to the potential for empirical analysis of these policies in practice and their effectiveness in achieving the desired environmental outcomes.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Salinity; Economic incentives; Contracts; Hidden information; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58703

Durabilité des systèmes de production des petits ruminants: Une approche de santé  animale–marketing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lokman,   Zaibet.
L’objectif de ce papier est d’identifier les contraintes de commercialisation des petits ruminants sur le marché aux bestiaux.  Ces contraintes sont particulièrement prononcées chez les petits éleveurs. Notre recherche met en évidence la relation entre les caractéristiques de cette catégorie d’éleveurs et le choix du lieu de commercialisation (marché, sur la route ou à la ferme).  Ce choix est lié aussi aux coûts de transaction qui se manifestent sur le marché mais aussi à l’état de santé du cheptel.  La décision de ne pas se rendre sur le marché est supposée influencer négativement la continuité de cette activité et par conséquent la durabilité de d’élevage chez les petits éleveurs. Parmi les facteurs trouvés favoriser la chance de se rendre sur le marché...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52099

Durabilité des systèmes de production des petits ruminants: Une approche de santé  animale–marketing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zaibet,   Lokman; Abdelhafidh,   Hassen.
L’objectif de ce papier est d’identifier les contraintes de commercialisation des petits ruminants sur le marché aux bestiaux.  Ces contraintes sont particulièrement prononcées chez les petits éleveurs. Notre recherche met en évidence la relation entre les caractéristiques de cette catégorie d’éleveurs et le choix du lieu de commercialisation (marché, sur la route ou à la ferme).  Ce choix est lié aussi aux coûts de transaction qui se manifestent sur le marché mais aussi à l’état de santé du cheptel.  La décision de ne pas se rendre sur le marché est supposée influencer négativement la continuité de cette activité et par conséquent la durabilité de d’élevage chez les petits éleveurs. Parmi les facteurs trouvés favoriser la chance de se rendre sur le marché...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52006

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A RESIDUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN COTTON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Lohr,   Luanne.
Residue management system (RMS) offers increase productivity gain to farmers by increasing the organic matter.  Farmers have failed to realize this gain and consequently have not adopted RMS in cotton cultivation.  Benefit of adopting RMS system appears sooner than farmers would think.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20794

Dynamic and stochastic analysis of environmental and natural resources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Uncertainty enters the dynamic tradeoffs of environmental and natural resource management in a variety of ways and forms. In this chapter we review the various sources of uncertainty, the methodologies developed to account for them and implications regarding management of environmental and natural resources.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Resource management; Environmental policy; Uncertainty; Catastrophic events; Irreversibility.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120017

Dynamic Contingent Valuation and Choice Modelling for Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertzler,   Greg.
Non market valuation and bio economic modelling are combined in a dynamic model of ecosystem services. A mathematical proof demonstrates that the imputed price of natural capital contains all non market values and that scarcity rent is the total value of ecosystem services. A dynamic demand system, including characteristics is derived. New methods are developed for dynamic welfare analysis and both revealed and stated preference methods are proposed for estimating the price of natural capital. Estimation is simple if we avoid surveying consumers who degrade the ecosystem and instead consult owners who accrue the scarcity rent and conserve for the future.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non market valuation; Ecosystem services; Lancaster demand; Welfare analysis; Analytical solutions; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q57; Q51; Q56.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6024

Dynamic Core-Theoretic Cooperation in a Two-Dimensional International Environmental Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Germain,   Marc; Tulkens,   Henry; Magnus,   Alphonse.
This article deals with cooperation issues in international pollution problems in a two dimensional dynamic framework implied by the accumulation of the pollutant and of the capital goods. Assuming that countries do reevaluate at each period the advantages to cooperate or not given the current stocks of pollutant and capital, and under the assumption that damage cost functions are linear, we define at each period of time a transfer scheme between countries, which makes cooperation better for each of them than non-cooperation. This transfer scheme is also strategically stable in the sense that it discourages partial coalitions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Stock Pollutant; Capital Accumulation; International Environmental Agreements; Dynamic  Core  Solution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58; F42; F53; O21.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50467

Dynamic Interaction between Economic Indicators and SO2 Emission in U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Man-Keun; Yu,   Tun-Hsiang (Edward).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Energy Use; Vector Autoregression; Historical Decomposition; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q43; Q52; Q56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103239

DYNAMIC MODELS, EXTERNALITIES AND SUSTAINABILITY IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cacho,   Oscar J.
The goal of sustainability in the management of natural resources and agricultural systems has received increasing attention during the 1990's. The many dimensions of the problem have been extensively discussed in the literature and a recognition of the interaction  between economic, biological and social objectives have led to an acceptance of its multidisciplinary nature. When studying sustainability in agriculture, two aspects which cannot be ignored are (i) any measure must include economic as well as biological criteria and (ii) the dynamic nature of the production system and the environment (both physical and economic) must be accounted for.  The goal of sustainable agricultural practices at the microeconomic level is explored in this paper, in an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Dynamic modelling; Bioeconomics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12894

Dynamic Models for International Environmental Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Breton,   Michele; Sbragia,   Lucia; Zaccour,   Georges.
In this paper we develop a model to analyze, in a dynamic framework, how countries join international environmental agreements (IEAs). In the model, where countries suffer from the same environmental damage as a result of the total global emissions, a non-signatory country decides its emissions by maximizing its own welfare, whereas a signatory country decides its emissions by maximizing the aggregate welfare of all signatory countries. Signatory countries are assumed to be able to punish the non-signatories at a cost. When countries decide on their pollution emissions they account for the evolution of the pollution over time. Moreover, we propose a mechanism to describe how countries reach a stable IEA. The model is able to capture situations with partial...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Environmental Agreements; Non‐Cooperative Dynamic Game; Coalition Stability; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C73; Q53.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6231

Dynamic Multilateral Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Polanski,   Arnold; Lazarova,   Emiliya A.
We study dynamic multilateral markets, in which players’ payoffs result from coalitional bargaining. In this setting, we establish payoff uniqueness of the stationary equilibria when players exhibit some degree of impatience. We focus on market games with different player types, and derive under mild conditions an explicit formula for each type’s equilibrium payoff as market frictions vanish. The limit payoff of a type depends in an intuitive way on the supply and the demand for this type in the market, adjusted by the type-specific bargaining power. Our framework may be viewed as an alternative to the Walrasian price-setting mechanism. When we apply this methodology to the analysis of labor markets, we can determine endogenously the equilibrium firm size...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Multilateral Bargaining; Dynamic Markets; Labor Markets; Environmental Economics and Policy; C71; C72; C78; J30; L20.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108255

Dynamic Optimization of Nitrogen Use in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burnett,   J. Wesley; Ferrer,   Myra Clarisse R.
Agricultural production is highly dependent on inorganic substances including fertilizers. High-yielding crop varieties, such as corn, require large amounts of primary nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Farmers often add a surplus of nutrients to crops to maximize yields. Utilization of primary nutrients has increased by more than 300% while that of nitrogen alone has increased by more than 600% between 1960 and 2007 (USDA, 2009). From 1964 to 2007, the use of nitrogen in the corn sector alone increased from 1,623,000 to 5,714,000 nutrient tons (USDA, 2009).             While increasing production, increased fertilizer use can potentially create negative externalities in the form of nitrate-nitrogen contamination in groundwater....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics; Nitrogen/Nitrate Contamination; Dynamic Optimization; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C63; Q10; Q51; Q53.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96032

Dynamic Processes in Contingent Valuation: A Case Study Involving the Mahogany Glider
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
This paper reports the results of an experiment involving a sample of 204 members of the public who were assessed on three occasions about their willingness to pay for the conservation of the mahogany glider. They were asked this question prior to information being provided to them about the glider and other focal wildlife species; after such information was provided, and finally after participants had had an opportunity to see live specimens of this glider. The mean willingness to pay of the relevant samples are compared and found to show significant variations. Theories are considered that help explain the dynamics of these variations. Serious concerns are raised about the capacity of information provision to reveal ‘true’ contingent valuations of public...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Awareness; Contingent valuation; Dynamic processes; Experiential learning; Information; Wildlife; Willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy; D83; D84; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51414

Dynamic Processes in the Contingent Valuation of an Endangered Mammal Species
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
Reports experimental results involving 204 members of the public who were asked their willingness to pay for the conservation of the mahogany glider Petaurus gracilis on three occasions: prior to information being provided to them about the glider and other wildlife species; after such information was provided, and after participants had an opportunity to see live specimens of this endangered species. Variations in the mean willingness to pay are analysed. Concerns arise about whether information provision and experience reveal ‘true’ contingent valuations of public goods and about the choice of the relevant contingent valuation measure.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Experience; Information; Reliability; Time.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55064

Dynamic Programming and Learning Models for Management of a Nonnative Species
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eiswerth,   Mark E.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Lines,   Jeff M.; Eagle,   Alison J.
Nonnative invasive species result in sizeable economic damages and expensive control costs. Because dynamic optimization models break down if controls depend in complex ways on past controls, non-uniform or scale-dependent spatial attributes, etc., decision support systems that allow learning may be preferred. We compare three models of an invasive weed in California’s grazing lands: (1) a stochastic dynamic programming model, (2) a reinforcement-based, experience-weighted attraction (EWA) learning model, and (3) an EWA model that also includes stochastic forage growth and penalties for repeated application of environmentally harmful control techniques. Results indicate that EWA learning models may be appropriate for invasive species management.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Invasive weed species; Optimal control; Adaptive management; Environmental Economics and Policy; C73; Q57.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37015

Dynamically Optimal Phosphorus Management and  Agricultural Water Protection
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Iho,   Antti; Laukkanen,   Marita.
This paper puts forward a model of the role of phosphorus in crop production, soil phosphorus dynamics and phosphorus loading that integrates the salient economic and ecological features of agricultural phosphorus management. The model accounts for the links between phosphorus fertilization, crop yield, accumulation of soil phosphorus reserves, and phosphorus loading. It can be used to guide precision phosphorus management and erosion control as means to mitigate agricultural loading. Using a parameterization for cereal production in southern Finland, the model is solved numerically to analyze the intertemporally optimal combination of fertilization and erosion control and the associated soil phosphorus development. The optimal fertilizer application rate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Precision nutrient management; Agricultural phosphorus loading; Cereal production; Soil phosphorus reserves; Agricultural water pollution; Dynamic programming; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54285

Dynamics and Limited Cooperation In International Environmental Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Sacheti,   Sandeep.
The amount of cooperation needed to improve the welfare of signatories of International Environmental Agreements (IEAs), in the presence of market imperfections, depends on the characteristics of pollution. In a dynamic model, the conventional wisdom on the effect of free-riding needs to be modified for certain types of pollution problems. For local pollution problems, a sufficient level of free-riding actually promotes signatories' welfare. For global pollution problems, the conventional wisdom is correct insofar as free-riding makes it more difficult to form a successful IEA. However, for some global pollution problems, free-riding may disappear. A static model may overstate or understate the difficulty of forming a successful IEA. The effect of an IEA...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Environmental Agreements; Environmental stocks; Dynamics; Free-riding; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; F12; F42; Q28.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6212

Dynamics of Spatial Exploitation: A Metapopulation Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanchirico,   James N.; Wilen,   James E.
We present a bioeconomic model of a harvesting industry operating over a heterogeneous environment comprised of discrete biological populations interconnected by dispersal processes. The model generalizes the H. S. Gordon [1954]/V. Smith [1968] model of open-access rent dissipation by accounting for intertemporal and spatial "Ricardian" patterns of exploitation. This model yields a simple, but insightful, framework from which one can investigate factors that contribute to the evolution of resource exploitation patterns over space and time. For example, we find that exploitation patterns are driven by biological and fleet dispersal and biological and economic heterogeneity. We conclude that one cannot really understand the biological processes operating in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Renewable resources; Bioeconomics; Spatial modeling; Metapopulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q22; R19.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10513

Early Crediting of Emissions Reduction - A Panacea or Pandora's Box?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Stronzik,   Marcus.
The Kyoto Protocol sets legally binding emission targets for industrialized countries without accounting for reductions carried out prior to 2008, the beginning of the first commitment period. There exists only one exception, the project-based Clean Development Mechanism. Two other possible ways to allow crediting for early reductions are discussed in this paper, a domestic scheme and early Joint Implementation. The implications of these concepts are analyzed on a macro as well as on a micro level taking the domestic and international commitments into account. They can lead to a strong redistribution and are prone to free riding. We conclude that early crediting makes  built on clear baselines, sets incentives for innovation and provides for institutional...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26345

Early Emissions Reduction Programs: An Application to CO2 Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.; Toman,   Michael.
In the wake of the December 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which, if implemented, would oblige the United States and other industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) by 2008-2012, a number of proposals have been offered to increase the incentives for reducing emissions over the nearer term. The existence of an interim period between setting and implementing environmental goals is ubiquitous in environmental policymaking. The existence of this interim period gives rise to several potential rationales for early emissions reductions. In this paper we use a series of simple models and numerical illustrations to analyze some aspects of the performance of early emissions reduction programs in the case of GHGs. We show that there is a compelling economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Early reduction credits; Carbon emissions; Welfare impacts; Permit banking; Cap-and-trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; H23; Q48.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10791

Earmarking of pollution charges and the sub-optimality of the Pigouvian tax
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jiang,   Tingsong.
One approach to internalising a negative externality of economic activity is to impose a Pigouvian tax equal to the marginal cost of the externality. However, this approach overlooks the possibility that the tax revenue can be earmarked to correct the externality directly, i.e. financing the environmental protection projects. It is found that a pure Pigouvian tax is usually not an optimal policy. This issue is examined in both partial and general equilibrium, static and dynamic settings. Certain conditions for justifying a pure Pigouvian tax or a fully earmarked tax scheme are developed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117732

Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union since the Fall of the Berlin Wall: Review of the Changes in the Environment and Natural Resources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Markandya,   Anil; Chou,   Wan-Jung.
This paper reviews the environmental record of the transition countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia since the fall of the Berlin Wall, with a focus on areas of key concern to public policy at the present time. With the impacts of environment on public health being given the highest priority, we examined several associated health indicators at the national level, as well as looking at important environmental issues at the local level. In this respect, we focus on environmental problems related to air and water quality, land contamination, and solid waste management. Despite showing a highly differentiated performance across the region, the results suggest that inadequate environmental management seen in several of the transition countries in the past...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Eastern Europe; Environmental Record; Public Health; Environmental Economics and Policy; N34; N54; I18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90951

Easy winnings? The economics of carbon sequestration in agricultural soils
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Pannell,   David J.; Robertson,   Michael J.; Thamo,   Tas.
This paper has been published in a peer-reviewed journal as:  Kragt, M.E., Pannell, D.J., Robertson, M.J. &amp; Thamo, T. (2012) Assessing costs of soil carbon sequestration by crop-livestock farmers in Western Australia, Agricultural Systems, 112: 27-37.  DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2012.06.005
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: APSIM; Bioeconomic Modelling; Carbon Farming; Climate Change Mitigation; MIDAS; Soil Carbon Sequestration; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109247

Eco-Labeling and the Price Premium
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.; Swallow,   Stephen K.
International environmental and government organizations propose eco-labeling as a market incentive to cause industry to operate in an ecologically sustainable and biodiversity-friendly manner. A microeconomic analysis questions whether eco-labeling will cause producer profits in a competitive industry to decline, even under a voluntary system, and whether eco-labeling will necessarily generate different prices for labeled and unlabeled product. Using wood product as an example, results identify conditions that may exist when firms lose profits, even under a voluntary system, and where existing production constraints may lead to a single price, regardless of labeling.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Eco-labeling; Prices; Markets; Environmental Economics and Policy; D40; L10; L15.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10826

ECO-LABELING STRATEGIES: THE ECO-PREMIUM PUZZLE IN THE WINE INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delmas,   Magali A.; Grant,   Laura E.
Eco-labeling signals that a product has been eco-certified. While there is increasing use of eco-labeling practices, there is still little understanding of the conditions under which eco-labels can command price premiums. In this paper, we argue that the certification of environmental practices by a third party should be analyzed as a strategy distinct from although related to the advertisement of the eco-certification through a label posted on the product. By assessing eco-labeling and eco-certification strategies separately, we are able to identify benefits associated with the certification process independently from those associated with the actual label. More specifically, we argue in the context of the wine industry that eco-certification can provide...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Organic wine; Wine market; Price premium; Eco-wine; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37325

Eco-Labels and International Trade in Textiles
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nimon,   R. Wesley; Beghin,   John C.
This paper provides a formal analysis of the welfare and trade implications of eco-labeling schemes. A simple model of vertical (quality) differentiation captures major stylized features of the textiles market in which trading takes place between an industrialized North (domestic) and a developing South (foreign). The paper investigates several labeling scenarios (labeling by North, labeling by both North and South, and harmonization). A labeling scheme in the North without the South's participation is detrimental to both the North's and the South's producers of conventional textiles. In aggregate, the North's textiles industry benefits from the introduction of the label. If the South creates its own label, it regains market share in aggregate, but at the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Eco-labels; Textiles markets; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18492

Eco-Labels for Credence Attributes: The Case of Shade-Grown Coffee
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Larson,   Bruce A.
Using the case of shade-grown coffee, this paper examines the market impacts of ‘eco-labels’ for credence attributes.  First, the Mattoo and Singh (1994) test is conducted for the case of shade-grown coffee to investigate the market impacts of a shade label. This analysis in Section II shows that a shade label could “pass” the test, but the market impacts are likely to be minor. Section II also shows how to use estimates of supply, potential demand, and price elasticities of demand and supply to predict eco-label premiums in the post-label equilibrium. And second, given the importance of consumer demands for eco-label impacts, and since the theoretical foundations of demand for eco-labeled items are not well developed in the literature, Section III takes a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25215

ECOLABELS: THE LINK BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL PREFERENCES AND GREEN PRACTICES?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Erickson,   Audrae; Kramer,   Carol S.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecolabels; Food labeling; Consumer preferences; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25934

Ecologia política agrária: a contribuição russo-alemã
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nascimento,   Humberto Miranda.
O pensamento pioneiro sobre a ecologia global e o metabolismo sociedade-natureza é uma fonte precípua para os estudos rurais contemporâneos que levam em conta o caráter da relação entre o agrário e o ecológico. O presente ensaio tem por objetivo apresentar os pioneiros da ecologia política agrária contemporânea com base no enfoque materialista da relação entre sociedade e natureza. Cabe à ecologia política agrária descrever a relação entre sistemas agrários, formações sociais e ecossistemas específicos em territórios rurais. O conceito tem um duplo papel, portanto, ecologizar o agrário e redefinir sua importância para o rural. The pioneering thought about the global ecology and the society-nature metabolism is an essential source for the contemporary rural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecologia política agrária; Estudos dos solos; Metabolismo sociedade-natureza; Policy agrarian-ecology; Studying soil; Society-nature metabolism; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102768

Ecological Afforestation in China: A Market-based Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xu,   Jintao; Zhang,   Haipeng; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.; Wang,   Xuehong; Eigenraam,   Mark.
This article focuses on the program of Ecological Afforestation on barren lands, degraded arable lands, harvested sites and sloped farmland in Sichuan, China. Farmers were given the opportunity to propose afforestation activities for which they would be paid an specified amount. These bids and predictions of the expected environmental benefits to be generated were used to assess the net benefit of each proposal. Most features of the bidding scheme were successfully implemented and improvements in the economic efficiency of the afforestation scheme were observed. The market-based approach is demonstrated to be a practical way forward for Ecological Afforestation in China. The bidding scheme showed savings of approximately 110,000 Yuan when compared to past...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100735

Ecological Goods and Services Survey Summary Prepared for: Lower Souris Watershed Committee
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Entem,   Alicia; Unterschultz,   James R.; Jeffrey,   Scott R.
An interview based survey of farm landowners in the south east corner of Saskatchewan was undertaken to evaluate the provision of wildlife habitat by agriculture. Producers were asked to provide management information regarding a piece of their land that was managed as a unit. Within the past ten years there has been a reduction in the conversion of remaining native land to crop land, an increase in conversion of annual crop land to perennial cover crops, an increase in the use of minimum disturbance (no-till) farming, and a decrease in the use of fire on stubble fields and sloughs. Many producers in the area often stated economic reasons for their current land use division. Even ecological reasons (productive capacity of the soil, poor cropping soil,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Use; Tillage; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q150; Q240.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91410

ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC MODELING ON A WATERSHED BASIS: A CASE STUDY OF THE CACHE RIVER OF SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beaulieu,   Jeffrey R.; Bennett,   David; Kraft,   Steven E.; Sengupta,   Raja.
A digitally represented watershed landscape (ARC/INFO GIS) is merged with farm optimization (linear programming) and sediment and chemical transport (AGNPS) models.  Enhanced targeting of non-point source pollution to remedial policy and management initiatives result. The implications of which are linked back to farm income and forward to the managed ecosystem.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21019

ECOLOGY AND THE FOOD BUSINESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evans,   James R.
Discusses the role of a private business enterprise in waste disposal and the company's emphasis on developing a resource recover system.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27257

ECOLOGY AND THE USDA PROGRAM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hubbard,   Dixon D.
Discusses the USDA "Environmental Thrust" plan and two specific projects in food marketing
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27161

ECOLOGY: CONSUMER VIEWPOINT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Behre,   Doris.
The author indicates that consumers are concerned, confused, and caught and pleads for food industry cooperation to attack the problem.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27157

Econometric Analysis of some Trade Issues for Meat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cao,   Kay; Johnson,   Robin.
This paper is based on an econometric model of the New Zealand meat export trade for the period 1990-2003. The model is known as a gravity model because it describes trade flows as being balanced between the respective pull of domestic and importing country size and incomes. The meat trade is characterised by strict hygiene regulations, quota markets and tariff charges in different markets. In addition, meat is not a homogeneous commodity but is characterised by breed, cut and presentation, and differentiated market destinations. An econometric model not only identifies general trends in demand and supply which might already be fairly obvious to the trade preactitioner but it also puts confidence intervals on the economic relationships being observed. We...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97776

Econometric analysis on economies of scale: An application to rice and shrimp production in Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mekhora,   Thamrong.
Shrimp production in Thailand has historically been undertaken in the saline and brackish waters of coastal mangroves. In recent years rising demand and prices for shrimp and falling productivity of mangrove areas have motivated an expansion of shrimp production into the fresh-water margins of river estuaries that were previously used for rice cultivation. Generalised additive models, which offer a comprehensive approach to regression analysis, are mainly used for empirical analysis, and model development and specification for rice and shrimp production in this study. This paper presents a brief introduction to generalised additive models, discusses how they are applied to develop cost functions to satisfy the restriction of production theory, and...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rice; Shrimp; Returns to scale.; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124086

Economic Analysis in Environmental Reviews of Trade Agreements: Assessing the North American Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ney,   Luke; Ackerman,   Frank; Gallagher,   Kevin P.
Beginning in the late 1990s, Canada and the United States began requiring "Environmental Reviews (ERs)" of all trade agreements to be negotiated by each government. This paper, commissioned by the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation, outlines how ERs have evolved in North America, and evaluates the different methodological approaches that have been employed in ERs thus far. We show that the ERs conducted to date have an encouraging number of strengths that can be built upon. However, we also establish that the art of conducting ERs is still in its infancy. We identify four limitations with the methodological approaches that have been employed in the most recent ERs. Based on an analysis of these limitations, we propose four ways to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15569

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Norton,   George W.; Reaves,   Dixie Watts.
Public support for integrated pest management (IPM) is derived in part from concerns over food safety and the environment, yet few studies have assessed the economic value of health and environmental benefits of IPM.  An approach is suggested for such an assessment and applied to the Virginia peanut IPM program.  Effects of IPM on environmental risks posed by pesticides are assessed and society's willingness to pay to reduce those risks is estimated.  The annual environmental benefits of the peanut IPM program are estimated at $844,000.  The estimates of pesticide risks and willingness to pay can be applied elsewhere in economic assessments of IPM.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Integrated pest management; Willingness to pay; Environmental benefits; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15057

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS: APPLICATION OF THE RANDOM UTILITY MODEL TO RECREATIONAL BENEFIT ASSESSMENT FOR THE MP&amp;M EFFLUENT GUIDELINE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tudor,   Lynne G.; Besedin,   Elena Y.; Fisher,   Michael; Smith,   Stuart.
The present study focuses on a state-wide case study to evaluate recreational benefits from forthcoming effluent limitation guidelines for the Metal Products and Machinery Industry.  The study combines water quality modeling and a random utility model to assess how changes in water quality from the regulation will affect consumer valuation of water resources.  Based on preliminary results,  the MP&amp;M regulation has the potential to generate substantial recreational benefits in Ohio.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water quality; Recreational benefits; Random utility model; RUM; Recreational fishing; Boating; Swimming; Near water activities; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21630

Economic analysis of groundwater markets in central dry zone of Karnataka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nagaraj,   N.; Kumar,   A.H. Suvarna; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water market; Groundwater irrigation; Water use efficiency; Economic analysis; India; Karnataka; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53071

Economic Analysis of Management Practices to Reduce Phosphorus Load to Lake Eucha and Spavinaw
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howry,   Sierra S.; Stoecker,   Arthur L.; Storm,   Daniel E.; White,   Michael J.
Changes in management practices are often proposed to reduce phosphorus loading from a watershed due to over application of poultry litter. This study determines the choice, location, and level of each best management practice in the watershed to meet a Total Maximum Daily Load and margins of safety at least cost.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Best management practice; Phosphorus runoff; Poultry litter; Target MOTAD; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6793

Economic Analysis of Manure Harvesting Equipment in Feedyards for Dust Control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bretz,   Fran E.; Amosson,   Stephen H.; Warminski,   Patrick L.; Marek,   Thomas H.
This study concentrated on one method of dust control which is harvesting manure with equipment. An economic analysis including hourly fixed and operational costs were performed on the following: tractor-pulled box scraper, front-end loader, dump truck, spreader truck, elevating scraper and tractor-pulled end dump. The purpose of this study was to generate cost data for feedyard owners/operators to reference when making manure management and equipment purchasing  decisions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Manure harvesting equipment; Tractor-pulled box scraper; Front-end loader; Dump truck; Spreader truck; Tractor-pulled end dump; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56438

Economic analysis of spatial preferences heterogeneity of water quality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin-Ortega,   Julia; Brouwer,   Roy; Berbel,   Julio.
The main objective of this study is to account for spatial preference variability in the economic valuation of water quality improvements in the river basin context. This is expected to be particularly relevant for the implementation of the European WFD, as it will involve spatially differentiated perceptions of the benefits of water quality changes. A choice experiment is developed based on maps to elicit welfare measures for water quality improvements across sub-basins in the Guadalquivir River Basin in Spain. Variation is introduced simultaneously in the spatial distribution of goods and services and their beneficiaries, for the accounting of spatial preference heterogeneity (i.e. people’s different valuation of changes in environmental good provision...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water economics; Valuation; Choice Experiment; Spatial Heterogeneity; Water Quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q25; H41.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50626

Economic analysis of summer fallow management to reduce take-all disease and N-leaching in a wheat crop rotation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Cara,   Stephane; Jacquet,   Florence; Reynaud,   Arnaud; Goulevant,   Gael; Jeuffroy,   Marie-Helene; Lucas,   Philippe; Montfort,   Francoise.
This paper addresses the question of summer cover crop adoption by farmers in presence of a risk of yield loss due to take-all disease and climate variability. To analyse the public incentives needed to encourage farmers to adopt summer cover crops as a means of reducing N leaching, we combine outputs from an economic, an epidemiological and an agronomic model. The economic model is a simple model of choice under uncertainty. The farmer is assumed to choose among a range of summer fallow managements and input uses on the basis of the expected utility criterion (HARA assumption) in presence of both climate and take all risks. The epidemiological model proposed by Ennaïfar et al. [1] is used to determine the impact of take all on yields and N-uptake. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Take-all disease; N leaching; Summer fallow management; Wheat rotation; Catch crop adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51726

Economic analysis of water supply cost structure in the Middle Olifants sub-basin of South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsegai,   Daniel W.; Linz,   Teresa; Kloos,   Julia.
Using data gathered from the National Treasury of South Africa, we examine the structure of water supply costs and tariffs of Water Service Authorities (WSAs) in the Middle Olifants sub-basin of South Africa. Using the translog cost function method, the marginal cost of water supply and economies of scale are estimated. Comparison of tariffs and marginal costs show that the estimated marginal cost is higher than the actual tariff paid by consumers. This implies that WSAs in the Middle Olifants are not charging enough to recover the costs of the water services. Thus, among other things, pricing of water at its marginal cost would partly assist in solving the cost recovery problem. Raised tariffs would in turn contribute to improved efficiency of water use....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Translog cost function; Water supply; Water Service Authority; Middle Olifants; South Africa; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49926

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF SOIL/WATER NITROGEN TESTING: THE CASE OF CENTRAL NEBRASKA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   C.S.; Taylor,   Harold; Sandretto,   Carmen L.
This research presents a competitive dynamic model to evaluate the economic and groundwater quality benefits resulting from the adoption of soil/water nitrogen testing. The model is applied to an irrigated corn production county in the Nebraska Mid-State area where the groundwater contamination level from nitrates is reported to be, on average, 18.7 parts per million (ppm).  Adoption of nutrient management practices would result in increased economic benefits to farmers and reduced nitrate stocks in groundwater.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35719

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF VARIABLE RATE APPLICATION OF NITROGEN TO CORN FIELDS: ROLE OF VARIABILITY AND WEATHER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: English,   Burton C.; Mahajanashetti,   S.B.; Roberts,   Roland K.
The use of meta-response functions based on EPIC-generated data resulted in comparisons between variable (VRAT) and uniform rate application technologies for 36 simulated fields.  VRAT was more profitable and less nitrogen was lost to the environment in most cases.   When spatial variability was small, uniform rate application techniques were adopted.   However, when nitrogen use is restricted, VRAT is used on all simulated fields.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Precision farming; Site-specific farming; Spatial variability; Nitrogen restriction; Rainfall; EPIC; Crop growth simulation model; Meta-response functions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21533

Economic and Environmental Co-benefits of Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils: Retiring Agricultural Land in the Upper Mississippi River Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Kling,   Catherine L.; Gassman,   Philip W.
This study investigates the carbon sequestration potential and co-benefits from policies aimed at retiring agricultural land in the Upper Mississippi River Basin, a large, heavily agricultural area. We extend the empirical measurement of co-benefits from the previous focus on environmental benefits to include economic transfers. These transfers have often been mentioned as a co-benefit, but little empirical work measuring the potential magnitude of these transfers has previously been undertaken. We compare and contrast five targeting schemes, each based on maximizing different physical environmental measures, including carbon sequestration, soil erosion, nitrogen runoff, nitrogen leaching, as well as the area enrolled in the program. In each case, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Co-benefits; Co-effects; Economic transfers; Environmental benefits targeting; Upper Mississippi River Basin; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18423

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF DAIRY MANURE UTILIZATION FOR YEAR ROUND CROP PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Somda,   Zana C.; Allison,   John R.; Ely,   L.O.; Newton,   G.L.; Wetzstein,   Michael E.
The production of excess on-farm manure is placing continuous pressures on dairy producers to meet or exceed standards for environmental regulations while maintaining profitability and competitiveness.  Evaluation of the effects of recycling nutrients on the profitability of the whole farm enterprise is important for a dairy operation.  The objective of this study was to develop a linear programming model that evaluates the economic performance of a dairy operation considering production and environmental constraints.  The main goal was to maximize profits from the dairy enterprise considering milk production, manure production, crop production while maintaining a balance of nutrients in the system.  Results from simulation analyses showed greater effects...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35167

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FEASIBILITY OF VARIABLE RATE NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION WITH CARRY-OVER EFFECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Watkins,   K. Bradley; Lu,   Yao-Chi; Huang,   Wen-Yuan.
This study evaluates the long-term profitability and environmental impacts of variable rate versus uniform nitrogen application in seed potato production with nitrogen carry-over effects included. Seed potato yields were simulated for four different areas of a field using the EPIC crop growth model. A dynamic optimization model was used to determine optimal steady-state nitrogen levels for each area and the entire field. Average nitrogen losses and economic returns were evaluated for both uniform and variable rate nitrogen fertilizer. Variable rate nitrogen application was found to be unprofitable for the field when compared to uniform nitrogen application. Nitrogen losses for the field were about the same under both strategies. The results indicate...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31207

Economic and Environmental Impacts of Cellulosic Feedstock Production in Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moon,   Jin-Young; Folle,   Solomon; Apland,   Jeffrey; Mulla,   David J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61380

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF PLANTING FLEXIBILITY AND CONSERVATION 1990 FARM BILLS FOR FUTURE FARM LEGISLATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   Shunxiang; Walker,   David J.; Brusven,   Merlyn A.
The interaction of the planting flexibility and conservation compliance provisions from the 1985 and 1990 farm bills was evaluated using an integrated systems model.  Results showed that flex and compliance policy in combination reduced net returns and government costs, diluted environmental benefits of conservation compliance, and increased grower responsiveness to market signals, compared with conservation compliance alone.  Strict compliance and higher flex levels were the most detrimental to farm income and environmental goals.  Decoupling in current and future policy proposals will promote conservation goals.  Budgetary reductions in future farm policy could reduce conservation incentives.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31579

Economic and Environmental Impacts of Washington State Biofuel Policy Alternatives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCullough,   Michael; Holland,   David W.; Painter,   Kathleen M.; Stodick,   Leroy; Yoder,   Jonathan K.
A computable general equilibrium model is used to analyze the effectiveness of policy alternatives at achieving biofuel-related goals in Washington State. Policy regimes compared include blend mandates, generally funded volumetric and CO2e (CO2 equivalent) emissions-based tax/subsidy regimes, and revenue-neutral funded tax/subsidy regimes that use fossil fuel taxes to fund renewable fuel subsidies. Results suggest that a revenue-neutral CO2e emissions-based tax/subsidy is arguably the most effective single alternative for pursuing the full set of objectives emphasized in recent Washington State legislation.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; Biofuel policy; Computable general equilibrium; CO2 equivalent emissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119183

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF LAND APPLICATION OF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE: GENERALIZED STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dias,   Weeratilake; Helmers,   Glenn A.; Eghball,   Bahman.
GSD is used to determine the risk efficiency of nine different technologies of land application. The analysis shows that organic applications for crop phosphorus needs are the most environmentally efficient. Under producer risk aversion, inorganic fertilizer application is the most economically desirable. Organic applications can be both environmentally amenable and economically viable alternatives in the long run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35715

Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Farms from Three Different Brazilian Regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peres,   Fernando Curi; de Zen,   Sergio; Ambrosio,   Luis Alberto; Ichihara,   Silvio M.
Using the technique of "panels" farms were drawn as representatives from three regions of Brazil: the first was a medium size farm representing the grain production area of Northern Rio Grande do Sul State; the second, a large farm from the grain and livestock production area of Mato Grosso State; the third, a very large farm from the Amazonian livestock production area of Para State. The long-term cost of production was estimated and the yearly average net income was evaluated for each typical farm. An "energy" evaluation table, prepared according to procedures described by Odum (1996), was used to estimate each farm process of incorporating energy into its production as a way to evaluate the sustainability of the farms systems. A four quadrant reference...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24363

Economic and Groundwater Use Implications of Climate Change and Bioenergy Feedstock Production in the Ogallala Aquifer Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Weiwei; Park,   Seong Cheol; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Amosson,   Stephen H.
The sustainable water use especially for irrigated agriculture in the Texas Panhandle Region is a major concern.  A semi-arid climate and average low rainfalls results in little surface water being available year-round. The Ogallala Aquifer is the primary source of irrigation water in this region. The intensive irrigated agricultural production and growing livestock industry have led to substantial decline of water tables. Furthermore, climate change and growing bioenergy feedstock productions exacerbates the water shortage and quality problems. Given the critical dependence of the regional economy on Ogallala Aquifer, underground water use is an intergenerational issue that must be evaluated in terms of the sustainability of agricultural activities in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Groundwater; Land Use Change; Climate Change; Bioenergy feedstock; Dynamic Optimization Model; Deficit Irrigation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q24; Q25; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103642

Economic and Marketing Efficiency Among Corn Ethanol Plants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sesmero,   Juan P.; Perrik,   Richard K.; Fulginiti,   Lilyan E.
In the corn ethanol industry, the ability of plants to obtain favorable prices through marketing decisions is considered important for their overall economic performance. Based on a panel of surveyed of ethanol plants we extend data envelopment analysis (DEA) to decompose the economic efficiency of plants into conventional sources (technical and allocative efficiency) and a new component we call marketing efficiency. The latter measure allows us to evaluate plants’ ability to contract favorable prices of corn and ethanol relative to spot market prices and its implications for their overall economic performance. Results show that plants are very efficient from a technical point of view. Dispersion in overall economic performance observed across units is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Corn ethanol; Data envelopment analysis; Economic efficiency decomposition; Marketing efficiency; Mergers; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101001

Economic and Poverty Impacts of a Voluntary Carbon Reduction for a Small Liberalized Developing Economy: The Case of the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Corong,   Erwin L.
This paper analyzes the economic and poverty effects of a voluntary carbon emission reduction for a small liberalized economy—the Philippines. The simulation results indicate that tariff reductions undertaken by the Philippine government between 1994 and 2005 reduced the cost of fossil fuels thereby resulting in an increase in carbon emissions. The economic cost of reducing carbon emissions by imposing a carbon tax appears minimal as the reduction in consumer prices due to tariff reductions outweigh the increase in production cost from the imposition of a carbon tax. Overall results suggest that maintaining carbon emissions relative to 1994 levels appears to be a sensible alternative for the country.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12034

ECONOMIC AND WATER QUALITY IMPACTS OF REDUCING NITROGEN AND PESTICIDE USE IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Randhir,   Timothy O.; Lee,   John G.
A multiyear regional risk programming model was used in evaluating the impacts of different environmental policies on cropping systems, input use, nonpoint source pollution, farm income and risk.  A direct expected utility maximizing problem (DEMP) objective with a Von Neuman Morgenstern utility function was used in deriving optimal cropping systems.  A biophysical simulation model provided input for the optimization.  Three types of policies-taxing, regulating the aggregate, and regulating the per acre level-were studied for two farm inputs-nitrogen and atazine.  It was observed that policies had varied and multiple cross-effects on pollutant loads, farm income, and risk.  This information is crucial in developing successful policies toward improving...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31366

Economic Aspects of Wind Power Generation in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Wong,   Linda.
Power interruptions are a typical characteristic of national grids in developing countries. Manufacturing, processing, refrigeration and other facilities that require a dependable supply of power, and might be considered a small grid within the larger national grid, employ diesel generators for backup. In this study, we develop a stochastic simulation model of a very small grid connected to an unreliable national grid to show that the introduction of wind generated power can, despite its intermittency, reduce costs significantly. For a small grid with a peak load of 2.85 MW and diesel generating capacity of 3.75 MW provided by two diesel generators, the savings from using wind energy (based on wind data for Mekelle, Ethiopia) can amount to over a million...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wind energy and development; Stochastic simulation of electricity grids; Economic savings from wind power; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54706

Economic assessment of Dutch agricultural research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poppe,   Krijn J.
To cope with globalisation and other changes in the industry, in the last 20 years the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture has reorganised its system for education, extension and research considerably. It moved away from the concept of a linear process of innovation to that of an agro-innovation system. This paper describes the main changes. The paper argues that an evaluation of the changes is problematic. In an open economy where a large part of the public investments are targeted to reduce negative externalities of production (especially on environmental impact), a part of productivity is due to persons leaving the sector and income in farming is dependent on value added processes in its multinational cooperatives, causes and effects are hard to disentangle....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43071

Economic Assessment of Land Retirement in a Transition Economy: a Study Case of Ukraine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kucher,   Oleg; Collins,   Alan R.; Fletcher,   Jerald J.
This case study will focus on valuing degraded land conservation and assessment of the potential costs and benefits of large scale land retirement within the transition economy of Ukraine.  The assessment methods will follow the framework developed to estimate costs and benefits of Conservation Reserve Program.  The results of the economic assessment would increase the understanding of the efficient allocation of resources and would lead to developing a market-based approach to agricultural land retirement in transition economy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic Assessment; Land Retirement; Transition Economy of Ukraine; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56439

Economic Assessment of Selected Resource Management Techniques in Marginal Upland Agriculture: Integrated Report and Proceedings of a Workshop, held in Seoul, Korea, May 20-22, 1998
Provedor de dados: 31
Economic Assessment of Selected Resource Management Techniques in Marginal Upland Agriculture, by Min-Jae Kim; Message of the Executive Secretary, United Nation Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, by Adrianus Moo; Opening Statement, by Sangwoo Park Opening Statement, by Haruo Inagaki; Opening Statement, by Kyuyong Suh; Current Status and Future Tasks in Marginal Upland Agriculture, by Sangwoo Park; Economic Assessment of Selected Management Practices for Efficient Use of Saline-Sodic Water in Arid and Semiarid Subtropical India, by Mahander Singh; Irrigated Ecosystem in India - Sustainability Issues, by R. L. Yadav; Economic Assessment of Selected Resource Management Techniques in Marginal Upland Agriculture of Mawlasnai, Meghalaya;...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Marginal farms; Upland areas; Resource management; Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32736

Economic benefit and costs of tree planting for salinity control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hill,   Christine M.
This study reviewed case studies and research focussed on the issues of managing native vegetation, the problems of salinity and the relationship between the two. It then addressed the economic feasibility of six tree planting configurations to reduce the impacts of salinity. The method used a spreadsheet model showing the benefits and costs of various planting configurations over a 30-year time span. This model can be used to assess the monetary net benefit/costs of reducing recharge of a vegetation management proposal. Inputs can be varied to tailor the model to different catchments. Even when applied to local groundwater systems, the impact on salinity in terms of land salinised, salt loads and dollars was small. These factors can represent major...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Vegetation; Salinity; Benefit cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58706

ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF CRITICAL HABITAT FOR THE MEXICAN SPOTTED OWL: A SCOPE TEST USING A MULTIPLE-BOUNDED CONTINGENT VALUATION SURVEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loomis,   John B.; Ekstrand,   Earl.
A split-sample design is used to test for a difference between mean willingness to pay (WTP) for protecting the Mexican spotted owl versus protecting 62 threatened/endangered species which includes the Mexican spotted owl. The multiple bounded contingent valuation method is used in a mail survey of U.S. residents. The mean WTP amounts are statistically different at the 0.1 confidence level indicating the multiple-bounded mail survey passes the scope test. The range of estimated benefits of preserving the 4.6 million acres of critical habitat for the Mexican spotted owl substantially outweighs the costs of the recovery effort.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30847

Economic Causes of Tropical Deforestation - A Global Empirical Application
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scrieciu,   Silviu Serban.
The paper investigates the complex system of causes affecting tropical deforestation at a worldwide level. There is no generally accepted theory in the deforestation literature to indicate which variables should be included in a model of deforestation at an aggregate global level. The paper begins, therefore, by presenting an analytical structure based on formal farm household economic modelling literature. The empirical findings derived from a global regression model tend to confirm the profit maximising market approach to deforestation, i.e. policy and structural variables at the macro-level that stimulate agricultural production provide farmers with incentives to deforest and expand their arable land areas. However, subsequent statistical tests suggest...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global tropical deforestation; Farm household models; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; Q23.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30549

Economic Change and Environmental Issues: Policy Reforms and Concerns in Australian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Since the closing years of the 1980s, Australia has adopted structural adjustment policies designed to foster economic liberalism based on the market system.  Today, there is little economic protection for Australian agriculture and Australia is a persistent advocate of free international agricultural trade.  The natural Australian environment is not very favourable for agriculture because of low and erratic levels of rainfall and poor soils.  Scarcity of water in Australia is growing and its use has become a major natural resource issue.  Water availability and use of water by Australian agriculture is discussed, its environmental impacts are considered and the scope for using market systems to allocate water effectively are discussed.  Other...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water use; Agriculture; Australia; Gmos; Landcare Australia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55098

Economic Competition and Evolution: Are there Lessons from Ecology?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
After discussing generally models in ecology and economics that combine competition, optimization and evolution, this article concentrates on models of intraspecific competition.  It demonstrates the importance of diversity/inequalities within populations of species and other environments for the sustainability of their populations, given the occurrence of environmental change.  This is demonstrated both for scramble (open-access) and contest competition.  Implications are drawn for human populations and for industrial organization.  The possibility is raised that within industry competition may not always exist between firms in all stages of the development of a new industry.  Policy implications are considered.  For example, it is argued that policies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Competition policy; Ecology; Economic efficiency; Evolution; Intraspecific competition; Market development; Environmental Economics and Policy; L100; J100; Q150.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90526

Economic Consequences of Pollinator Declines: A Synthesis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bauer,   Dana Marie; Sue Wing,   Ian.
This paper surveys the literature on pollinator declines and related concerns regarding global food security. Methods for valuing the economic risks associated with pollinator declines are also reviewed. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) approach is introduced to assess the effects of a global catastrophic loss of pollinators. There appears to be evidence supporting a trend towards future pollinator shortages in the United States and other regions of the world. Results from the CGE model show economic risks to both direct crop sectors and indirect non-crop sectors in the economy, with some amount of regional heterogeneity.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Pollinators; Food security; Valuation; Computable general equilibrium modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95903

Economic Considerations for Playa Management Alternatives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   DeDe; Amosson,   Stephen H.; Warminski,   Patrick L.
Playa lakes are very important to the Texas High Plains.  They provide habitat for a wide variety of wildlife, and are the Ogallala Aquifer’s primary recharge source.  Plowing and sedimentation have caused substantial damage to the overall health of many playas.  A need exists to protect this resource for future generations.  Several government programs are available to assist landowners with playa preservation including CP23A, the Wetlands Reserve Program, and the Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program.  This study evaluates each conservation program and weighs the economic benefits and costs of program implementation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Southern Great Plains; Playa Lakes; CP23A; Conservation Reserve Program; Wetlands Reserve Program; Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56420

Economic Damages from Climate Change: An Assessment of Market Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanemann,   W. Michael; Dale,   Larry.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7161

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT IN BRAZIL: INSTRUMENTS AND POSSIBILITIES OF RECONCILIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvim,   Augusto Mussi; Souza,   Osmar Tomaz de; Santin,   Maria Fernanda Cavalieri De Lima.
The objective of this study is to discuss the possible solutions for the problem of environment conservation in Brazil. For this purpose, we initially approached the main instruments of environment management, emphasising the main guidelines and the Brazilian environmental policy structure. Next, in a summarised way, are presented, the main aspects of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and two promising agricultural enterprises in Brazil that  reconcile economic development and the environment in Brazil.----------------------------------O objetivo deste estudo é discutir as possíveis soluções para o problema de conservação do meio ambiente no Brasil. Para isto, inicialmente abordamos os principais instrumentos de gestão do meio ambiente, enfatizando as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic development; Environmental management  instruments and clean development mechanisms; Desenvolvimento econômico; Meio ambiente; Instrumentos de gestão ambiental; Mecanismos de desenvolvimento limpo; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108579

Economic Dynamics, Emission Trends and the EKC Hypothesis New Evidence Using NAMEA and Provincial Panel Data for Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Montini,   Anna; Zoboli,   Roberto.
This paper provides new empirical evidence on delinking trends concerning emission-related indicators in Italy. We discuss methodological issues regarding the analysis of delinking and examine the related Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKC) literature to explore and assess the most value added research lines after more than a decade of intensive research in the field. The main contribution of the paper is in providing EKC evidence exploiting environmental-economic merged panel datasets at a decentralized level exploiting long time series and rich cross section heterogeneity at both sectoral and provincial level. This crucially augments the unsatisfactory outcomes deriving from cross country analyses, which are less informative for policy purposes since they...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10261

Economic Dynamics of Tree Planting for Carbon Uptake on Marginal Agricultural Lands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
As a result of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, afforestation of agricultural lands can be expected to take on an important role in the CO2-emissions reduction policy arsenal of some countries. To date, identification of suitable (marginal) agricultural lands has been left mainly to foresters, but their criteria fail to take into account economic nuances. In this study, an optimal control model is used to determine the optimal level of afforestation in the western Canada. The results indicate that, while planting fast–growing trees for carbon uptake on marginal agricultural land may be important, the path dynamics matter in determining whether Canada can rely on afforestation to meet its obligations under Kyoto
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Afforestation and climate change; Optimal control model of land use; Economics of carbon sequestration; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q23; Q27; Q54; R14.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36995

Economic, Educational and Conservation Benefits of Sea Turtle Based Ecotourism: A Study focused on Mon Repos
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sea turtle based ecotourism; Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55110

Economic Effects of Environmental Taxation on Chemical Fertilizers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Chang-Gil; Stoecker,   Arthur L.
This paper analyzes the economic effects of environmental taxes on chemical fertilizer in producing rice. A charge of 10 percent tax on nitrogen fertilizer leads to a reduction in fertilizer use of 1.5 percent without changing rice yield, but the farm income is reduced by 0.6 percent. The tax rate of 100 percent leads to a reduction of 14.6 percent in fertilizer use, a 0.4 percent reduction in rice yield, and a 3.6 percent reduction in farm income. A significant feature of eco-taxes imposed on chemical fertilizers is their revenue potential, which could contribute to increasing government budgets for finance pollution control programs, such as education and R&amp;D. This study provides an insight into the application of market-based instrument to achieve...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Polluter-pays-principle; Nonpoint pollution; Environmental tax; Nitrogen fertilizer; Negative externalities; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; Q52.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25501

Economic Efficiency of Short-Term Versus Long-Term Water Rights Buyouts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wheeler,   Erin A.; Golden,   Bill B.; Johnson,   Jeffrey W.; Peterson,   Jeffrey M.
Because of the decline of the Ogallala Aquifer, water districts, regional water managers, and state water officers are becoming increasingly interested in conservation policies. This study evaluates both short-term and long-term water rights buyout policies. This research develops dynamic production functions for the major crops in the Texas Panhandle. The production functions are incorporated into optimal temporal allocation models that project annual producer behavior, crop choices, water use, and aquifer declines over 60 years. Results suggest that long-term buyouts may be more economically efficient than short-term buyouts.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dynamic production function; Nonlinear optimization; Ogallala Aquifer; Water rights buyout; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q30; Q32; Q38.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46987

ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF MANURE MANAGEMENT AND FARM GATE APPLICATIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF MANURE MANAGEMENT IN ALBERTA'S LIVESTOCK SECTORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Unterschultz,   James R.; Jeffrey,   Scott R.
Livestock operations in Alberta have a significant impact on the economy.  Manure is a by-product of livestock production.  The review of the science on manure examined the environmental impacts of manure.  These impacts include water pollution, air pollution, climatic change, and soil degradation.  There are several technologies that may be used to manage manure on-farm and off-farm. These include nutrient recycling through soil application and composting. Composting reduces the volume of manure, but increases the nitrogen losses from the manure  This review, using a very simplistic approach, estimated that more than 6.3 million tonnes of manure were generated in Alberta in 1996.  Other studies have estimated significantly higher annual manure production....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24057

Economic Evaluation of Plant Stress Impacts in the Texas North Plains Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Middleton,   Marty; Segarra,   Eduardo; Johnson,   Phillip N.; Haynes,   Aubrey.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53172

Economic Evaluation of Wind Energy as an Alternative to Natural Gas Powered Irrigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guerrero,   Bridget L.; Amosson,   Stephen H.; Marek,   Thomas H.; Johnson,   Jeffrey W.
High natural gas prices have agricultural producers searching for alternative energy sources for irrigation. The economic feasibility of electric and hybrid (electric/wind) systems are evaluated as alternatives to natural gas powered irrigation. Texas Panhandle and Southern Kansas farms are assessed with a quarter-mile sprinkler system, three crops, and two pumping lifts. Breakeven points identify the price at which conversion from a natural gas irrigation system to an electric or hybrid system is cost effective. Results indicate electricity is a more feasible energy source for irrigation and policy changes such as net metering are necessary to make hybrid systems viable.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Irrigation; Natural gas; Wind energy; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q20; Q42.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90680

Economic feasibility of converting cow manure to electricity: A case study of the CVPS Cow Power program in Vermont
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Qingbin; Thompson,   Ethan; Parsons,   Robert L.; Rogers,   Glenn.
A case study of the Central Vermont Public Service Corporation (CVPS) Cow Power program examines the economic feasibility for dairy farms to convert cow manure into electricity via anaerobic methane digestion. The study confirms that it is technically feasible to convert cow manure to electricity on dairy farms but the economic returns highly depend on the base electricity price paid by CVPS, premium rate paid by CVPS customers, financial supports from government agencies and other organizations, and sales of the by-products of methane generation. Lessons learned from this program will be useful to other dairy farms and communities interested in converting cow manure into electricity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Anaerobic digestion; Dairy farms; Renewable energy; Economic feasibility; Vermont.; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104564

Economic Feasibility of Impermeable Lagoon Covers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Massey,   Raymond E.; Lazarus,   William F.; Fleming,   Ronald A.; Miner,   Ronald A.; Williams,   Douglas W.; Lory,   John; Safley,   Mac; Shanklin,   Dennis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92888

Economic gains of improving soil fertility and water holding capacity with clay application: the impact of soil remediation research in northeast Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saleth,   Rathinasamy Maria; Inocencio,   Arlene; Noble,   Andrew D.; Ruaysoongnern,   Sawaeng.
Declining productivity of agricultural soils in Northeast Thailand is a challenge facing land managers and farmers. A program was initiated in 2002 to investigate the potential role of incorporating clay-based materials into degraded soils as a means of enhancing productivity. This research report attempts to provide an ex-post assessment of the field level impact and economic viability of this approach, using the empirically derived estimates of the average income impacts that the application of bentonite or clay technology has generated among farm communities in Northeast Thailand. From an exclusive IWMI perspective, the impact evaluation suggests that the program has a net present value (NPV) of US$0.41 million with a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 2.44...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Soil improvement; Impact assessment; Research projects; Soil fertility; Sandy soils; Water holding capacity; Clay soils; Soil water relations; Soil management; Farming systems; Crop yield; Vegetable crops; Rice; Sorghum; Models; Statistical methods; Cost benefit analysis; Economic analysis; Economic aspects; Thailand; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53064

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF THE U.S. WINE INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Canning,   Patrick N.; Perez,   Agnes C.
This study examines wine trade in the United States to assess the impact of higher energy costs on the average distance of world and U.S. regional wine shipments, or wine miles, to U.S. markets. To examine this issue we calibrate a spatial equilibrium model of the U.S. wine industry. The model accounts for (i) consumer preferences for variety, (ii) monopolistic-competition/increasing-returns in the production of differentiated wine products, and (iii) transportation costs. Wine production areas are grouped into nine U.S. and seven world producing regions. U.S. markets are grouped into the 50 States plus the District of Columbia. Results indicate that U.S. consumers are willing to pay substantial transportation costs in order to consume a wide variety of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43891

Economic Globalisation: The Process and its Potential, Social, Economic and Environmental Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
After economic globalisation is defined, the factors that have favoured it in recent times are outlined and the process is placed in a historical context. Measures of the recent expansion in economic globalisation are given, such as trends in the proportion of global GDP traded internationally, and the relative size of global FDI. China’s comparative economic openness compared to the rest of the world is discussed. Potential positive and negative economic and social impacts of globalisation are explored, taking into account important economic theories. Particular attention is given to globalisation and the evolutionary dynamics of economic growth by considering the economic ‘catching up’ phase of countries, such as China, and by placing this in a general...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Globalisation; GDP; FDI; China; Social impacts of globalisation; Economic growth; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90539

Economic Growth and Carbon Emission Control -A case study of power industry in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Zhenyu; Schoengold,   Karina.
Many countries have achieved moderate to dramatic growth  during the last few decades, and the world-widely continued economic growth results in increased wealth and deteriorated environment. The relationship between economic growth and environmental quality has received great attention in empirical and theoretical studies. But results are mixed: some find that economic development inevitably leads to environmental deterioration due to resource depletion and pollution, while others find that continued economic development helps to improve environmental quality. Further works are required in a specific context to answer the question whether environmental improvement is compatible with continued economic growth.  We intend to provide insight on the potential...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Carbon emission control; Power generation; China; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49363

Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burnett,   J. Wesley.
Economists, ecologists, private industries and government decision-makers have long been interested in the relationships between economic growth and environmental quality.  These relationships are often the subject of intense public policy debates such as the current debate surrounding global climate change issues.  From an ecological or environmental perspective, the argument is often made that economic growth is bad for the environment.  But, what story do the data tell?  In order to address the question, a estimable model was used to analyze the effects between gross domestic product (GDP) and environmental indications for air pollution in over 100 metropolitan statistical areas in the United States from 2001-2005.  The analysis is then expanded to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Air Pollution; Environmental Economics; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Fixed effects regression; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46838

Economic growth and pollution in the long run: the case of carbon dioxide
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burke,   Paul J.
The concept underpinning the Environmental Kuznets Curve is that economic growth results in reduced pollution in the long run. In this report, an extension of Andreoni and Levinson’s (2001) theoretical model is presented. It demonstrates that an Environmental Kuznets Curve relationship can occur because high incomes allow more adoption of low-emission technologies at higher income levels. Evidence on the determinants of carbon dioxide emissions changes for OECD countries over the period 1961-2004 is presented. It highlights the importance of technology adoption in explaining whether countries have achieved emissions reductions at the same time as experiencing long-run economic growth. However, it is shown that technology adoption is affected by policy...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Pollution; Carbon dioxide; Environmental Kuznets curve Research; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94804

Economic Growth and the Environment with Clean and Dirty Consumption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orecchia,   Carlo; Tessitore,   Maria Elisabetta.
This paper aims to verify the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) or inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation in the context of endogenous growth. An important feature of this study is that the EKC is examined in the presence of pollution as a by product of consumption activities; also, pollution is a stock variable rather than a flow and tends to accumulate over time. In order to highlight the role of consumption on the environment, consumers do not consider directly pollution in the maximization problem and are assumed to choose between two different consumption types, characterized by a different impact on the environment (i.e. dirty and clean consumption). We find that substitution of dirty...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Economic Growth; Pollution; Consumption; Consumption behaviour; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; Q56; O44.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115734

Economic Growth and Transition in Vietnam and China and its Consequences for their Agricultural Sectors: Policy and Agricultural Adjustment Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Secondary data are used to discuss and compare the consequences for agriculture of economic growth and transition in Vietnam and China. It is found that China and Vietnam have experienced similar adjustments in their agricultural sectors and face at this time, similar agricultural policy problems. China began its economic reforms in 1979 and Vietnam followed in 1986. Since then both countries have experienced rapid economic growth, falling poverty rates and significant rises in per capita income. At the same time, substantial restructuring of their economies has occurred, a feature of which has been a decline in the relative contribution of agriculture to total employment and output. These changes are outlined. Significant changes have also occurred within...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Asia; China; Economic transition; Farm employment; Land reforms; Land rights; Livestock; Non-farm employment; Structural change.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; O25; O5; P32; Q1.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94305

Economic Impact of Climate Change on Irrigated Rice Agriculture in Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ajetomobi,   Joshua Olusegun; Abidun,   Ajiboye; Hassan,   Rashid M.
This study employed the Ricardian approach to test the relative importance of climate normals (average long-term temperature and precipitation) in explaining net revenue from Nigerian rice agriculture under irrigation and dry land conditions.   A survey was done by interviewing 1200 rice farmers from 20 rice producing states in Nigeria. The states covered all the six geopolitical zones in the country. The results showed that increase in temperature will reduce net revenue for dry land rice farms while net revenue rises with increase in temperature for irrigated rice farms. Precipitation had similar effects on rice net revenue. Increase in precipitation will cause reduction in revenue for dry land rice farms whereas it will cause increase in revenue for...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Irrigation; Net Revenue; Nigeria; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q25.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95778

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS ON HOUSE VALUES IN SOUTHEAST REGION: A COUNTY-LEVEL ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ho,   Sa Chau; Hite,   Diane.
A simultaneous model of house values, cancer mortality and total releases is simultaneously estimated to study effects of environmental health risks. Health risks include county level total releases, number of Superfund sites and cancer mortality in Southeastern U.S. Benefits of superfund cleanup and reduced releases are also estimated.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19921

Economic Impact of Irrigation in the Buford-Trenton Irrigation District in 1990
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baltezore,   James F.; Bangsund,   Dean A.; Leitch,   Jay A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121417

Economic Impact of Leafy Spurge on Grazingland and Wildland in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry; Bangsund,   Dean A.; Wallace,   Nancy M.; Leitch,   Jay A.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121370

Economic Impact of the Conservation Reserve Program in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mortensen,   Timothy L.; Coon,   Randal C.; Leitch,   Jay A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry; Ekstrom,   Brenda L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23177

Economic impact of Water users cooperatives: Institutional and economic dynamics in Cauvery Basin, India.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rohith,   B.K.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.
Economic impact of Water users cooperatives: Institutional and economic dynamics in Cauvery Basin, India
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water User Association; Institutional Economics; Irrigation Institutions; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51406

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CHEMICAL USE REDUCTION ON THE SOUTH: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schaub,   John R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30285

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF DRYLAND SALINITY FOR GRAINS INDUSTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hajkowicz,   Stefan; Young,   Michael D.
This paper explores some possible economic impacts of worsening salinity severity and extent in the grains industry across Australia. It also looks at the potential to increase agricultural profits through remediation. The analysis is based on a spatial model of agricultural profits and salinity related crop/pasture yield losses. It is estimated that grains industry farming profits across Australia would rise by an upper limit $138 million per year were salinity costlessly removed from the landscape. It is also estimated that the present value of grains industry profit losses from worsening salinity extent and severity over the next 20 years is $237 million. These amounts can be considered against the costs of repair.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57884

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF EPA'S MANURE APPLICATION REGULATIONS ON DAIRY FARMS IN THE SOUTHWEST REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Wen-Yuan; Christensen,   Lee A.
We estimate that EPA's CAFO final rule on manure application would have different impacts on dairy farms in the region, assuming that the farms would maintain the same herd size and same crop production practices.  Some farms in the region would be able to comply it on their current land base, but other would need to lease additional land for land application of manure.  Less than 30 percent of those affected farms would have a lower farm income.  Most of these affected farms could have no income reduction or a higher income as a result of reduced feed cost from expanding homegrown feed production.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35109

Economic Impacts of EPA's Manure Application Regulations on Dairy Farms with Lagoon Liquid Systems in the Southwest Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Wen-Yuan; Magleby,   Richard S.; Christensen,   Lee A.
EPA's new restrictions on land application of manure nutrients by concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) could decrease the net return of 6-17% of the medium and large dairy farms with lagoon systems in the southwestern United States.  Many of the other dairy CAFOs in the region could achieve higher net income under the restrictions if they reduce feed costs by better utilizing manure and expanding homegrown feed production.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: CAFO; Dairy farms; Land application; Manure regulations; Nutrient management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; Q12; Q52; Q58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43993

Economic Impacts of GHG and Nutrient Reduction Policies in New Zealand: A Tale of Two Catchments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daigneault,   Adam J.; Greenhalgh,   Suzie; Samarasinghe,   Oshadhi.
Agricultural and forestry GHG emissions are a key feature of New Zealand’s emissions profile, and New Zealand is the only country, to date, to have indicated that agricultural and forestry emissions will be covered under their domestic climate policy – the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme. Coupled with climate policy development is the increasing scrutiny of agricultural impacts on water. This paper uses New Zealand Forest and Agriculture Regional Model (NZ-FARM) to assess the potential economic and environmental impacts of imposing both a climate and nutrient reduction policy on the agricultural and forestry industries in the Manawatu and Hurunui/Waiau catchments in New Zealand. We find that adding a scheme that reduces catchment-level nutrients by...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture and forestry modelling; Land use; Climate policy; Water quality; Greenhouse gas emissions; Nutrient leaching; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124284

Economic Impacts of Reduced Delta Exports Resulting from the Wanger Interim Order for Delta Smelt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sunding,   David L.; Ajami,   Newsha K.; Hatchett,   Steven; Mitchell,   David; Zilberman,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water transfers; Water supply; Water demand; Water conservation; Water policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51558

Economic Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program: A General Equilibrium Framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taheripour,   Farzad.
This article uses a general equilibrium framework and econometric analyses to examine economic wide impacts of the Conservation Reserves Program. It determines direct and indirect factors which affect the economic efficiency of the program and shows their magnitudes. It shows that the interaction between the program and the tax system causes indirect efficiency costs but the interaction between the program and the agricultural support subsidies generate economic gains. The program has the potential to distort the labor market and cause efficiency losses form this channel. However the analytical model shows that trade can reduce social costs of the policy because a part of the burden of the policy can be passed on to foreign consumers of crop products...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land retirement; Slippage effect; Efficiency cost; Agricultural pollution; Tax system; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21346

Economic Impacts of Yellow Starthistle on California Ranchers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eagle,   Alison J.; Eiswerth,   Mark E.; Johnson,   Wayne S.; Schoenig,   Steve E.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
While the significant ecosystem damage caused by invasive weeds has been well documented, the economic impacts of specific invasive weed species are poorly understood. Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L., hereafter YST) is the most widespread non-crop weed in California, resulting in serious damage to forage on natural range and improved pasture. A survey was administered to California cattle ranchers to investigate YST infestation rates, loss of forage quantity and value, and control or eradication efforts. The results were used to estimate county-wide economic losses for three focus counties, as well as state-wide economic losses, due to YST in California. Total losses of livestock forage value due to YST on private land for the state of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nonnative species; Invasive weeds; Yellow starthistle; Ranching profitability; Forage; Livestock; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q24; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37028

ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE FOR WORLD AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tobey,   James A.; Reilly,   John M.; Kane,   Sally.
This paper challenges the hypothesis that negative yield effects in key temperate grain producing regions of the world resulting from global climate change would have a serious impact on world food production. Model results demonstrate that even with concurrent productivity losses in the major grain producing regions of the world, global warming will not seriously disrupt world agricultural markets. Country/regional crop yield changes induce interregional adjustments in production and consumption that serve to buffer the severity of climate change impacts on world agriculture and result in relatively modest impacts on world agricultural prices and domestic economies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30725

Economic Incentives for Global Conservation of Wildlife: New International Policy Directions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Growing economic globalisation by extending the operation of markets is a two-edged sword as far as nature conservation is concerned.  In some circumstances, it threatens the conservation of nature and in other cases, it provides economic incentives that foster the conservation of biodiversity.  This article shows how global policy directions have altered in that regard.  Initially the World Conservation Union (IUCN) favoured bans on trade in endangered species.  This view was enshrined in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).  Subsequently, with the upsurge of support for market-based economic liberalism, IUCN recognised that economic and market incentives, if linked to appropriate property rights, could foster biodiversity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55060

Economic Incentives to Conserve Wildlife on Private lands: Analysis and Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Some believe that provision of private property rights in wildlife on private land can provide a powerful economic incentive for nature conservation because it enables property owners to market such wildlife or its attributes.  If such marketing is profitable, private landholders will conserve the wildlife concerned and its required habitat.  But land is not always most profitably used for exploitation of wildlife, and many economic values of wildlife (such as non-use economic values) cannot be marketed.  The mobility of some wildlife (their fugitive nature) adds to the limitations of the private property approach.  While some species may be conserved by this approach, it is suboptimal as a single policy approach to nature conservation.  Nevertheless, it...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Private property rights; Wildlife conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48973

ECONOMIC INCENTIVES TO REDUCE THE QUANTITY OF CHEMICALS USED IN COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lacewell,   Ronald D.; Masch,   William R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30348

ECONOMIC INFLUENCES ON BIO-FUEL PRODUCTION IN TANZANIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohamed,   Sarah S.H.
The importance of bio-fuels as an alternative to oil is growing due to the increasing volatility of oil prices.  As bio-fuels increasingly replace oil, their higher demand can be an opportunity for developing underdeveloped countries rich with resources for bio-fuel production to engage in such production and as a result, develop.  The feasibility of growing the relevant feedstock, Jatropha curcas, in this case, for the production of bio-fuels, specifically, bio-diesel, in Tanzania is evaluated.  The factors, which are investigated, include policy, population density, technology and infrastructure.  It was found that the labour characteristics, population density and the state of the available technology provide suitable conditions for bio-fuel production....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99231

ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS FOR NONPOINT SOURCE WATER POLLUTION: OPTIONS FOR THE SWAN-CANNING RIVER SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gordon,   Simon.
The management of nonpoint source water pollution presents an immense challenge to economists and policy makers alike. A complex array of physical, economic, political and institutional barriers lie between theoretically appealing textbook prescriptions and their transition into successful real-world solutions. Underlying beliefs about property rights, interest group politics and the transaction costs associated with designing and implementing successful measures have all played a particularly critical role. Building on the theoretical literature and the lessons provided by the practical use of economic instruments for nonpoint source water pollution management around the world, this paper considers these issues in the context of the Swan-Canning river...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57873

Economic Issues in the Management of Plants Invading Natural Environments: Scotch Broom in Barrington Tops National Park
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Odem,   Doreen; Sinden,   Jack A.; Cacho,   Oscar J.; Griffith,   Garry R.
Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius, L.), is an exotic leguminous shrub, native to Europe, which invades pastoral and woodland ecosystems and adjoining river systems in cool, high rainfall regions of southeastern Australia. Broom has invaded 10,000 hectares of eucalypt woodland at Barrington Tops National Park in New South Wales, and is having a major impact on the natural ecology of the sub-alpine environment. It is extremely competitive with the native flora, retarding their growth and in many areas blanketing the ground and preventing growth of many understorey species in open forest areas. An active program to manage this invasion is being implemented by the National Parks and Wildlife Service. The management issues include whether eradication or...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Scotch broom; Economic issues; Management issues; Natural environments; Bioeconomic model; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58193

Economic Issues of Invasive Pests and Diseases and Food Safety
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evans,   Edward A.; Spreen,   Thomas H.; Knapp,   J.L.
The problem of invasive pests and diseases has become more urgent and far more complex today than in the recent past. Increased trade and movement of people, and the opening up of new trade routes have increased opportunities for the spread of invasive species. In addition, mono-cropping systems of cultivation; globalization; increased resistance of pests to pesticides and food safety and environmental concerns have all contributed to the growing complexity of the problem on hand. The economic dimensions of the problem can be viewed from at least two perspectives. First, with regard to the spread and impact of invasive species, particularly how best to provide more comprehensive assessments of impacts of invasions, so as to improve the cost effectiveness...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sanitary and phytosanitary measures; SPS; Invasive species; WTO; Economic impact of invasive species; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15696

ECONOMIC MODELING OF FARM PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATION DECISIONS IN RESPONSE TO ALTERNATIVE RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ellis,   John R.; Hughes,   David W.; Butcher,   Walter R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28822

Economic Policy Instruments and Environmental Sustainability: A Second Look at Marketable or Tradeable Pollution or Environmental-Use Permits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
There has been a recent tendency to extol tradeable or marketable pollution permits or similar permits to use or exploit some natural resources, such as fish.   They are often seen as a very effective way of maintaining environmental conditions in a desired way.   However, considerable care is required in adopting such systems.   If they are inappropriately designed, the government will lose its flexibility to control the state of the environment.   Permits which give their owners absolute rights to emit certain quantities of pollution in perpetuity or entitle holders to use or appropriate a particular quantity of a natural resource in perpetuity can cause particular problems for government.   They can for example, involve expensive buy-back schemes....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47941

Economic Potential of Biomass-Based Fuels for Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schneider,   Uwe A.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Use of biofuels diminishes fossil fuel combustion, thereby also reducing net greenhouse gas emissions. However, subsidies are needed to make agricultural biofuel production economically feasible. To explore the economic potential of biofuels in a greenhouse gas mitigation market, we incorporate data on production and biofuel processing for the designated energy crops—switchgrass, hybrid poplar, and willow—in a U.S. Agricultural Sector Model, along with data on traditional crop-livestock production and processing, and afforestation of cropland. Net emission coefficients on all included agricultural practices are estimated through crop growth simulation models or are taken from the literature. We simulate potential emission mitigation policies or markets...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Sector Model; Alternative energy; Biofuel economics; Biomass power plants; Greenhouse gas emission mitigation; Short rotation woody crops; Switchgrass; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18420

Economic Potential of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions: Comparative Role for Soil Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schneider,   Uwe A.; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Murray,   Brian C.; Williams,   Jimmy R.; Sands,   Ronald D.
We use the Agricultural Sector Model to analyze the economic potential of soil carbon sequestration as one of several agricultural greenhouse gas emission mitigation strategies, including afforestation. For low incentives on carbon emission savings, agricultural soil carbon sequestration is the most cost-efficient strategy. As incentive levels increase above $50 per ton of carbon equivalent, afforestation and biofuel production become the key strategies, while the role of soil carbon diminishes. If saturating sinks are discounted based on their net present value, the competitive economic equilibrium among agricultural mitigation strategies shifts away from soil carbon sequestration and afforestation and toward more biofuel production. Regardless of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Afforestation; Agricultural Sector Model; Carbon sequestration dynamics; Economic potential; Emission leakage; Greenhouse gas emission mitigation; Sink saturation; Technical potential; Volatility; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18378

Economic regional impacts of water transfers: the role of factor mobility in a case study of the agricultural sector in the Balearic Islands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tirado,   Dolores; Lozano,   Javier; Gomez Gomez,   Carlos Mario.
Using a CGE model for the Balearic Islands, we simulate the effects of an agricultural water market in the farming sector facing reductions in the water endowment. The market lessens the negative effects on farming communities of short-term water restrictions associated with cyclical droughts. However, in scenarios of permanent reductions, such as those envisaged by global warming predictions or those that result from the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive, a water market may aggravate the negative effects of water shortage. Therefore, the paper shows that generalizations cannot be made about the effects of water markets on farming communities.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; Q1; Q25; R13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99095

Economic tradeoffs for managing offsite impacts of irrigation areas.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robinson,   David; Kahn,   Shahbaz.
Many irrigation districts within the southern Murray Darling Basin have imposed external environmental impacts to adjoining landscapes, in particular, high watertables which cause salinity and increased waterlogging. These environmental impacts can cause losses in agricultural production and also degrade the natural ecosystem. Natural depressions are highly susceptible to these external impacts and are compounded by local flooding and ponding events. The level of investment in salinity and waterlogging mitigation works in excess of tangible benefits to protect or reclaim degraded depressions becomes a social choice between the community’s willingness to pay for the potential environmental benefits of the mitigation works and the level of degradation the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58201

Economic, Transportation, and Environmental Benefits of Living Snow Fences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   David J.; Current,   Dean; Taff,   Steven J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103955

Economic Uncertainties in Valuing Reductions in Children's Environmental Health Risks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoffmann,   Sandra A.; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
The recognition that environmental hazards can affect children differently and more severely than adults has provoked growing concern in industrialized nations about the impact of environmental pollution on children's health. In this paper, commissioned by the OECD, we are charged with examining "economic uncertainties" associated with valuing the benefits of environmental policies that reduce risk to children's health. We examine two sources of uncertainty in benefits estimation: forecasting uncertainty and modeling uncertainty. We explore how these sources of uncertainty affect the use of standard economic and non-economic approaches to the valuation of health benefits. These include willingness-to-pay measures, cost-of-illness and human-capital...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Willingness to pay; QALY; Children; Social welfare function; Health valuation; Environmental health; Household behavior; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; I18; I1; J17; D13; D6; D63; D64.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10722

Economic Valuation of Environmental Benefits and the Targeting of Conservation Programs: The Case of the CRP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feather,   Peter; Hellerstein,   Daniel; Hansen,   LeRoy T.
The range of environmental problems confronting agriculture has expanded in recent years. As the largest program designed to mitigate the negative environmental effects of agriculture, the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has broadened its initial focus on reductions in soil erosion to consider other landscape factors that may also be beneficial. For example, preserving habitats can help protect wildlife, thus leading to more nature-viewing opportunities. This report demonstrates how nonmarket valuation models can be used in targeting conservation programs such as the CRP.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34027

Economic Valuation of Forest Ecosystem Services: Methodology and Monetary Estimates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chiabai,   Aline; Travisi,   Chiara M.; Ding,   Helen; Markandya,   Anil; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
By using ad hoc value transfer protocols, this paper offers a methodological contribution and provides accurate per hectare estimates of the economic value of some selected ecosystem services for all forest biomes in the world, identified following the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment taxonomy MEA. The research also estimates potential total economic losses from policy inaction in year 2050. Final results show that total losses are significant. The total figure is €78 billion, the greatest losses coming from North America and Mexico, followed by Africa, Russia and some Asiatic countries. Most of this loss is attributable to provisioning services and carbon sequestration, while only a minor part is due to loss of cultural services. In terms of biomes the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest; Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity; Valuation; Value Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q23; Q26; Q51; Q54; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50361

Economic valuation of recreational fishing in Western Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raguragavan,   Jananee; Hailu,   Atakelty; Burton,   Michael P.
Allocation of fish resource is a controversial subject. Decision making is partly made difficult by the lack of knowledge on recreational fishing preferences and the value of fishing opportunities. This study investigates fishing site choices in Western Australia. Recreational fishing data covering the eight major fishing regions and fourty eight fishing sites in the State are used. The data are used to estimate a random utility model (RUM) of site choice behaviour with a supporting negative binomial econometric model of angler and fish-specific expected catch rates. We provide value estimates for different fish types, fishing site attribute changes as well as site access values. It is argued that sound economic value estimates can be starkly different...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Non-market valuation; Recreational fishing; Random utility models; Fisheries management; Marine environment management; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97473

Economic valuation of the impacts of climate change in agriculture in Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quiroga,   Sonia; Iglesias,   Ana.
The objective of this study is to provide a European assessment of the potential effects of climate change on agricultural crop production computing monetary estimates of these impacts for the European agricultural sector. The future scenarios incorporate socio economic projections derived from several SRES scenarios and climate projections obtained from global climate models and regional climate models. The quantitative results are based simulations using the GTAP general equilibrium models system that includes all relevant economic activities. The estimated changes in the exports and imports of agricultural goods, value of GDP and crop prices under the climate and socio-economic scenarios show significant regional differences between northern and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Climate change; Computable general equilibrium models; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44180

ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE CARBON SINK SERVICES OF TROPICAL SECONDARY FORESTS AND ITS MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramirez,   Octavio A.; Carpio,   Carlos E.; Ortiz,   Rosalba; Finnegan,   Brian.
This paper explores the economic feasibility secondary forest regeneration and conservation as an alternative to help address global warming. Detailed measurements of tropical secondary forests through time, in different ecological zones of Costa Rica, are used for estimating carbon storage models. The paper addresses key issues in the international discussion about cross- and within-country compensation for carbon storage services and illustrates a method to compute/predict their economic value through time under a variety of scenarios. The procedure is applicable to other developing countries where secondary forest growth is increasingly important.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tropical Forests; Carbon Sequestration; Global Warming; Activities Implemented Jointly.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21776

Economic Values of Wild Fur Harvest in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leitch,   Jay A.; Baltezore,   James F.; Dammel,   Jeffrey.
The North Dakota wild fur industry exists as a small, but important economic and recreational activity. This paper describes the role of furbearers and estimates the impact of recreational furbearer hunting and trapping on economy. Furbearers are animals whose pelts human's use for clothing. Furs are almost exclusively used for garments and trim on clothing. Furbearers are harvested for sport and for profit and to prevent damage to domestic livestock, fowl, and crops. North Dakota furbearer hunters and trappers harvest about $500,000 worth of raw furs per year. Wild fur harvesters spend $30 million each year hunting and trapping in the state. Most of these are recreational hunters and trappers, who, in the aggregate, get about $12 million in nonmonetary...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51168

Economic Values without Prices: The Importance of Nonmarket Values and Valuation for Informing Public Policy Debates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loomis,   John B.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93501

ECONOMICS AND ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poe,   Gregory L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31413

Economics and politics of water resources development: Uda Walawe Irrigation Project, Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molle,   Francois; Renwick,   Mary E.
The Uda Walawe Irrigation and Resettlement Project (UWIRP) located in the Southern dry zone of Sri Lanka was initiated in the early 1950s. The original plan for the UWIRP was a highly ambitious social, economic and physical engineering project aimed at creating a modern, profitable agriculture sector. This report examines the history of water resources development and investment decisions for the UWIRP over a period of 50 years and uncovers underlying processes that shaped the evolution of the project and highlights the limitation of viewing development as a mere set of technical and social engineering endeavors.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resources development; Irrigation programs; History; River basins; Rehabilitation; Costs; Crop production; Domestic water; Water use; Reservoirs; Fisheries; Decision making; Cost benefit analysis; Cost recovery; Water requirements; Water demand; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44525

Economics - Basic Data for Evaluating Floodwater Damages to Urban Properties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buland,   David.
This technical note and its attachments are issued in response to the request made by the States at the last Watershed Planning Meetings held October 25-26 and December 19-20, 1966, for data related to urban flood damages. The following items are attached for use by the Economist: 3 1. A folder of generalized urban damage data for use in preparing preliminary investigation reports and watershed work plans, This supplements the urban damage data issued at the Northeast Watershed. Planning Party Economists Workshop held at Ocean City, Maryland, in July 17-21, 1961, and the Stanford Research Institute data recently issued with TSC Advisory 175-7 (UD) dated August 29, 1567. The use of generalized data requires a determination that the data are applicable, and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1967
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6710

Economics, Corporate Sustainability and Social Responsibility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
It is often argued that corporate sustainability requires a corporation to make a profit, to act in a socially responsible manner and to engage in policies that are environmentally sustainable. This is sometimes called the corporation’s triple bottom line. In this paper it is argued that in practice profitability or more general maintaining economic variability constitutes a corporation’s bottom line and that it is limited by this consideration in showing social responsibility and in acting with environmental responsibility. Because of the nature of market competition, it is argued that government intervention is often required to ensure that corporations act in a socially responsible and environmentally acceptable way. In fact, such intervention is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corporate sustainability; Environmental responsibility; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90618

Economics, Ecology and GMOs: Sustainability, Precaution and Related Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Ecological, evolutionary and economic issues involved in introducing genetically modified organisms (GMOs), mainly in agriculture, are discussed. The ecological and evolutionary impacts identified hamper (economic) valuation of GMOs and their biosafety regulation and creates difficulties for planning for sustainable development. Assessment of the desirability of releasing GMOs is difficult because of lack of communal agreement about the risks involved, about how much precaution should be exercised given collective risks, and disagreement on the appropriate social criterion to apply. Changes in legal liability are not always economic and cannot eliminate the social conflict generated by GMOs. The economics of developing and marketing GMOs is explored,...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Biosafety; Genetically modified organisms; GMOs; Intellectual property rights; Market structure; Sustainable development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122726

Economics, Ecology and the Development and Use of GMOs: General Considerations and Biosafety Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article outlines both ecological and socioeconomic issues involved in the development and use of GMOs. It’s argued that while initially new GMOs add to the global stock of biodiversity, in the long-term they result in a decline in biodiversity. Various mechanisms that bring about this decline in genetic diversity are identified. It is suggested that due to evolutionary forces, the desirable genetic properties of some GMO may be eroded in the long-term. They are unlikely to be sustained in their ecological effectiveness forever. The economics of developing and marketing of GMOs is given particular attention. When their development is left to private enterprise, it is found that the economics of developing and marketing GMOs favours large enterprises as...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically Modified organisms; Biodiversity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55319

Economics - Floodwater Damages to Roads and Bridges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hofstad,   O. Wesley; Hodges,   Thomas C.G.; Buland,   David.
The purpose of this technical note is to update an earlier 1961 Memorandum, EWP-59, which had been cancelled, to provide planning staffs with a list of the types of data needed to appraise floodwater damages to roads and bridges and conditions likely to cause bridge failurc. Basic to the analysis of floodwater damage is the determination of the elevation at which damages begin, the elevation at which maximum damage is most likely to occur, and damage estimates at intermediate elevations. The following is a list of data that needs to be obtained and developed by the engineer, hydrologist, geologist, and economist to make a joint appraisal of floodwater damages.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 1967
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6709

ECONOMICS, HYSTERESIS AND AGROTERRORISM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Turvey,   Calum G.; Mafoua,   Edouard; Schilling,   Brian J.; Onyango,   Benjamin M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18186

ECONOMICS OF A WETLAND-RESERVOIR SUBIRRIGATION SYSTEM IN NORTHWESTERN OHIO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Steven T.; Batte,   Marvin T.; Brown,   Larry C.; Czartoski,   Bernie J.; Fausey,   Norman R.; Belcher,   H.W.
Subirrigation in conjunction with an artificial wetland has been shown to benefit the environment.  It must also be demonstrated that this technology can be profitable for the private sector.  Using cost structures developed from three Northwest Ohio test sites, this paper examines the economic soundness of applying these techniques to production agriculture.  The hypothesis is that the benefits of increased yields resulting from stabilizing the water supply throughout the growing season will offset the costs of construction.  Presented results will include a summary of private revenues and costs associated with the subirrigation and artificial wetland investment for the three demonstration sites.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic Analysis; Wetlands; Subirrigation; Net Present Value Model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21559

ECONOMICS OF AGRICULTURAL SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antle,   John M.; Capalbo,   Susan Marie; Mooney,   Sian; Elliott,   Edward T.; Paustian,   Keith H.
Under the Kyoto protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change the United States is charged with reducing emissions of greenhouse gases to seven percent below their 1990 levels by the period 2008-2012. These reductions could be met from many industries including agriculture. In this paper, an economic simulation model is linked to the CENTURY ecosystem model to quantify the economic efficiency of policies that might be used to sequester carbon (C) in agricultural soils in the Northern Great Plains region. Model outputs are combined to assess the costs of inducing changes in equilibrium levels of soil C through three types of policies. The first is a CRP-style policy that provides producers with per-acre payments for converting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Policy design; Economic efficiency; Soil carbon; Sequestration; Valuing soil carbon; Great Plains agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21879

Economics of controlling a spreading environmental weed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chalak,   Morteza; Pannell,   David J.
Weeds can cause significant problems to natural ecosystems. Although there have been numerous studies on the economics of weed control, relatively few of these studies have focused on natural ecosystems. This paper addresses this gap in the literature by assessing the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive range of control strategies for blackberry (Rubus anglocandicans) in natural environments in Australia. We developed a stochastic dynamic simulation model and a deterministic dynamic optimisation model. The stochastic model calculates the expected net present value (NPV) of a range of control strategies, including any combination of treatment options. The optimisation model identifies the treatment combination that maximises NPV. Both models represent the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Economics; Weed; Stochastic; Optimisation; Management; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108416

Economics of controlling a spreading environmental weed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chalak-Haghighi,   Morteza; Pannell,   David J.
Weeds can cause significant problems to natural ecosystems. Although there have been numerous studies on the economics of weed control, relatively few of these studies have focused on natural ecosystems. This paper addresses this gap in the literature by assessing the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive range of control strategies for blackberry (Rubus anglocandicans) in natural environments in Australia. We developed a stochastic dynamic simulation model and a deterministic dynamic optimisation model. The stochastic model calculates the expected net present value (NPV) of a range of control strategies, including any combination of treatment options. The optimisation model identifies the treatment combination that maximises NPV. Both models represent the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environment; Economics; Weed; Stochastic; Optimisation; Management; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58886

Economics of Controlling Invasive Species: A Stochastic Optimisation Model for a Spatial-Dynamic Process
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chalak,   Morteza; Pannell,   David J.; Polyakov,   Maksym.
Invasive species are significant threats to biodiversity, natural ecosystems and agriculture leading to large worldwide economic and environmental damage. Spread and control of invasive species are stochastic processes with important spatial dimensions. Most economic studies of invasive species control ignore spatial and stochastic aspects. This paper covers this gap in the previous studies by analysing a spatially explicit dynamic process of controlling invasive species in a stochastic setting. We show how stochasticity, spatial location of infestation and control can influence the spread, control efficiency and optimal control strategies. The main aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between economic parameters and stochastic spatial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115513

Economics of controlling invasive species: a stochastic optimisation model for a spatial-dynamic process
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chalak,   Morteza; Pannell,   David J.; Polyakov,   Maksym.
Invasive species are significant threats to biodiversity, natural ecosystems and agriculture leading to large worldwide economic and environmental damage. Spread and control of invasive species are stochastic processes with important spatial dimensions. Most economic studies of invasive species control ignore spatial and stochastic aspects. This paper covers this gap in the previous studies by analysing a spatially explicit dynamic process of controlling invasive species in a stochastic setting. We show how stochasticity, spatial location of infestation and control can influence the spread, control efficiency and optimal control strategies. The main aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between economic parameters and stochastic spatial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spatial; Dynamics; Invasive; Economics; Stochastic; Optimisation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103325

Economics of controlling invasive species: optimal control and stability of ecological-economic system
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chalak,   Morteza; Ruijs,   Arjan; Hemerik,   Lia; van der Werf,   Wopke; van Ierland,   Ekko C.
Natural enemies such as herbivores that are introduced to reduce invasive plants can spill over into nature, threaten indigenous species and impose significant costs. We develop a bioeconomic model to analyse the optimal control management strategy of an introduced herbivore that has spilled over from a managed system to a natural area. Cost-effective control strategies are analysed that reduce the spillover effects of herbivores on endangered plants species to reduce the risk of extinction and increase benefits obtained from the ecosystem. We consider two competing indigenous plant species as the representatives of the plant community. Only one of these species is consumed by introduced herbivore. We show that the optimal level of controlling herbivores...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economics; Biological agent; Externality; Spillover; Control; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124374

Economics of Controlling Livestock Diseases: Basic Theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Extends the simple model of the economics of controlling livestock disease as first presented by McInerney (1991) to take account of start-up costs which give use to thresholds effects.  A further extension is given to allow for economics of such in disease control which can also have a threshold effect.  The problem of uncertainty about the costs and benefits of disease control in livestock is also discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock disease; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55093

Economics of Controlling Vertebrate Wildlife: the Pest-Asset Dichotomy and Environmental Conflict
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Some wildlife species are agricultural pests (or otherwise a problem) but their populations are often valued by other than agriculturalists or by those not adversely affected by them directly. For non-farmers, the population levels of such wildlife are frequently pure public goods. This is one source of market failure in the economically optimal social control of an (agricultural) pest of this type. Secondly, if the species is geographically mobile, externalities occur between farmers (or other individuals) in the control of the species, and individuals ignore these spillovers in controlling pest species. Simple analysis is used to show that depending on the relative strength of these opposing types of market failure, farmers (or others) may excessively...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Market failure; Pest control; Pure public goods; West Bengal; Wildlife; Zoonoses.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122727

Economics of Forest and Agricultural Carbon Sinks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
As a result of the Kyoto Protocol (KP) and its so-called "flexibility mechanisms", climate change and mechanisms to mitigate its potential effects have attracted considerable economic and policy attention. A major reason for this attention is that the KP has a complex set of instruments that enable countries to achieve emissions reduction targets in a wide variety of ways, some of which are unlikely to lead to real, long-term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. One purpose of this chapter, therefore, is to provide an overview of economic reasoning applied to climate change and to illustrate how terrestrial carbon uptake credits (offset credits) operate within the KP framework. Attention is focused on the feasibility of terrestrial carbon sinks to slow...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18160

Economics of Forest and Agricultural Carbon Sinks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q23; Q27; Q54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37013

Economics of Forest Ecosystem Carbon Sinks: A Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Sohngen,   Brent.
Carbon terrestrial sinks are seen as a low-cost alternative to fuel switching and reduced fossil fuel use for lowering atmospheric CO2. In this study, we review issues related to the use of terrestrial forestry activities to create CO2 offset credits. To gain a deeper understanding of the confusing empirical studies of forest projects to create carbon credits under Kyoto, we employ meta-regression analysis to analyze conditions under which forest activities generate CO2-emission reduction offsets at competitive ‘prices’. In particular, we examine 68 studies of the costs of creating carbon offsets using forestry. Baseline estimates of costs of sequestering carbon are some US$3–$280 per tCO2, indicating that the costs of creating CO2-emission offset credits...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Kyoto Protocol; Meta-regression analysis; Carbon-uptake costs; Forest sinks; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; H43; C19.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37037

Economics of Global Warming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gillespie,   Robert.
This paper conveniently skips any controversy associated with the science of climate change. On the assumption that greenhouse gas emissions are causing climate change that is detrimental to humanity, the paper focuses on some economic dimensions of the issue which seem to be poorly understood by Australian media commentators, policy analysts, interest groups and the political parties. Using a neoclassical welfare economics framework the paper explores the costs and benefits of greenhouse gas abatement with reference to the findings of the Stern Report, the setting of greenhouse gas targets by Australian political parties, the danger of the government “picking winners” and the emerging carbon theory of value. The paper concludes with a brief review of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Economics; Targets; Policy; Carbon tax; Cap and trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6006

Economics of Incorporating Public Participation in Efforts to Redress Degradation of Agricultural Land
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marshall,   Graham R.
More and more environmental economists are finding themselves working within the unchartered territory of participatory governance. Yet many have not appreciated that the shift from progressive, or ‘technocentric’, governance to participatory governance signifies a corresponding departure from the modern worldview underpinning their theory. This paper has two aims. The first is to contribute to an economic explanation of this worldview shift. The intention here is to help overcome the "disciplinary arrogance" and "close-minded adherence to ... ideological convictions" that Sandra Batie, in a presidential address to the American Agricultural Economics Society, identified as "our own worst enemy" when contributing to debates over how to realise sustainable...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123849

Economics of Integrated Watershed and Reservoir Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Yoon; Yoon,   Taeyeon; Shah,   Farhed A.
A dynamic optimization framework is used to analyze integrated watershed management and suggest appropriate policies. Soil conservation, reservoir level sediment release, downstream water allocation and water quality are subject to control. Application of the model to the Aswan Dam watershed illustrates the need for international cooperation to manage shared watersheds.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Watershed management; Soil erosion; Reservoir sedimentation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q53.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49478

Economics of invasive alien species: pre-emptive versus reactive control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heikkila,   Jaakko.
The expanding global economy presents various challenges to production and environmental systems worldwide. Biosecurity provides a framework for managing the risks presented by different types of diseases and species spread by globalisation. One element of biosecurity is protection against invasive alien species (IAS). These are species spread by human actions outside their natural zones of dispersal. IAS present a threat to biological diversity at all levels and may have a negative impact on the goods and services provided by ecosystems. IAS may result in non-production and production costs. The first category includes physical impacts materialising as environmental, health and cultural costs, whereas the second category includes the subsequent economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11865

Economics of Managing Green House Gasses In Agriculture (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gustafson,   Cole R.
Presented to USDA Economists Group, Washington, DC
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gasses; Agriculture; Forestry; Regulation; Economic alternatives; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50492

ECONOMICS OF MANAGING INVASIVE PEST SPECIES: EXCLUSION AND CONTROL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewandrowski,   Jan; Kim,   C.S.
An important policy decision in managing invasive species is how to allocate resources between activities aimed at preventing the arrival of new pests - including additional arrivals of existing pests - and activities aimed at reducing the damages done by species that are already here. We develop a dynamic model for managing a generic invasive pest with an uncertain arrival date. The optimal conditions reveal that it is generally more efficient to spend a larger share of outlays for exclusion activities before a species arrives than after it is known to be here. They also show that outlays should be allocated such that the marginal costs of control measures equal the benefits from the marginal reduction of the species' population growth rate, and the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21948

Economics of Pearl Oyster Culture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Poirine,   Bernard.
In this paper, the market situation of the pearl industry is examined and changes in its structure are related to new technologies. Differences in the industry’s socio-economic impacts are explored, sources of market supply are specified and factors involved in the marketing of pearls are given particular attention. Most, but not exclusive attention, is given to the experiences of the Australian pearl industry and that of French Polynesia. Australia is the major global producer of South Sea pearls and French Polynesia is the main supplier of black pearls.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pearl industry; Black pearls; South Sea pearls; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55102

Economics of Pollution Trading for SO2 and NOx
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Evans,   David A.; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Palmer,   Karen L.; Toth,   Russell.
For years economists have urged policymakers to use market-based approaches such as cap-and-trade programs or emission taxes to control pollution. The SO2 allowance market created by Title IV of the 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments represents the first real test of the wisdom of economists' advice. Subsequent urban and regional applications of NOx emission allowance trading took shape in the 1990s in the United States, culminating in a second large experiment in emission trading in the eastern United States that began in 2003. This paper provides an overview of the economic rationale for emission trading and a description of the major U.S. programs for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). We evaluate these programs along measures of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sulfur dioxide; Nitrogen oxides; Emission trading; Power plants; Air pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; Q25; Q28; D78.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10488

ECONOMICS OF POULTRY LITTER UTILIZATION AND OPTIMAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FOR PHOSPHORUS DISPOSAL IN GEORGIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; McIntosh,   Christopher S.
Poultry litter can be used as plant nutrients or cattle feed.  Both of these alternatives may increase phosphorus concentration in the nearby watershed.  Use of phosphorus consistent litter application rule in nutrient management combined with permit system has potential to curtail the over production of litter and prevent the possible contamination of water.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23813

ECONOMICS OF SEQUESTERING CARBON IN THE U.S. AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewandrowski,   Jan; Peters,   Mark; Jones,   Carol Adaire; House,   Robert M.; Sperow,   Mark; Eve,   Marlen; Paustian,   Keith H.
Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases can be reduced by withdrawing carbon from the atmosphere and sequestering it in soils and biomass. This report analyzes the performance of alternative incentive designs and payment levels if farmers were paid to adopt land uses and management practices that raise soil carbon levels. At payment levels below $10 per metric ton for permanently sequestered carbon, analysis suggests landowners would find it more cost effective to adopt changes in rotations and tillage practices. At higher payment levels, afforestation dominates sequestration activities, mostly through conversion of pastureland. Across payment levels, the economic potential to sequester carbon is much lower than the technical potential reported in...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Greenhouse gas mitigation; Afforestation; Conservation tillage; No-till; Incentive design; Leakage; Carbon stock; Permanence; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33569

Economics of Water Quality Protection from Nonpoint Sources: Theory and Practice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; Horan,   Richard D.; Smith,   Mark E.
Water quality is a major environmental issue. Pollution from nonpoint sources is the single largest remaining source of water quality impairments in the United States. Agriculture is a major source of several nonpoint-source pollutants, including nutrients, sediment, pesticides, and salts. Agricultural nonpoint pollution reduction policies can be designed to induce producers to change their production practices in ways that improve the environmental and related economic consequences of production. The information necessary to design economically efficient pollution control policies is almost always lacking. Instead, policies can be designed to achieve specific environmental or other similarly related goals at least cost, given transaction costs and any...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water quality; Nonpoint-source pollution; Economic incentives; Standards; Education; Liability; Research; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33913

Economics of Wildlife Tourism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
After introducing the importance of the topic, we examine the economic impacts of wildlife tourism on income and employment as an indicator of the importance of this form of tourism.  While such indicators can be important politically and to particular interest groups, they are shown to be an inadequate guide to the economic use and conservation of resources, including wildlife used in tourism.  One reason for this (amongst others) is that total economic value must be taken into account in determining economic resource use and this is shown to be quite important in the case of wildlife species.  Empirical procedures, such as use of the travel cost method and stated preference methods (for example, contingent valuation) are outlined and the way in which...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic impacts of wildlife tourism; Conservation of resources; Economic resource use; Contingent valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48969

Economics, Wildlife Tourism and Conservation: Three Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
SUMMARY This report presents the results of an economics component of the National Interdisciplinary Project (NIP) on wildlife tourism in Australia.   Objectives of Study The main objectives of the study were:  • to outline and assess the role that economics can play in the valuation and management of wildlife-based tourism; • to undertake appropriate case studies to highlight the value of economics and its limits in assessing wildlife tourism in each case; • given the importance of nature conservation for sustainable tourism, including for the sustainability of its economic value, take into account relevant environmental issues involved in wildlife tourism; and • to make recommendations on the basis of these studies that will help managers of wildlife...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Valuation and management; Wildlife-based tourism; Nature conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51416

Economies of Scope in Endangered-Species Protection: Evidence from Interest-Group Behavior
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ando,   Amy Whritenour.
This paper looks for positive spillovers from the legal protection of one species to the welfare of others, and for evidence of economies of scope in the costs associated with protecting species under the Endangered Species Act. The analyses use data on the intensity of interest-group comment activity in response to proposals to protect new species. The results suggest that these phenomena are significant, strengthening arguments that wildlife-protection policy should be shifted towards species groups or ecosystems. However, the findings are also consistent with diminishing public willingness-to-pay for protected species in a given area, a pattern which also has public-policy implications.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economies of scope; Endangered species; Political economy; Interest groups; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10903

Economists On Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayasuriya,   Sisira.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10347

Economists, Value Judgments, and Climate Change: A View From Feminist Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nelson,   Julie A.
A number of recent discussions about ethical issues in climate change, as engaged in by economists, have focused on the value of the parameter representing the rate of time preference within models of optimal growth. This essay examines many economists’ antipathy to serious discussion of ethical matters, and suggests that the avoidance of questions of intergenerational equity is related to another set of value judgments concerning the quality and objectivity of economic practice. Using insights from feminist philosophy of science and research on high reliability organizations, this essay argues that a more ethically transparent, real-world-oriented, and flexible economic practice would lead to more strongly objective, reliable, and useful knowledge.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37280

Economy-Wide Estimates of the Implications of Climate Change: A Joint Analysis for Sea Level Rise and Tourism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bigano,   Andrea; Bosello,   Francesco; Roson,   Roberto; Tol,   Richard S.J.
Climate change impacts on human life have well defined and different origins, nevertheless in the determination of their final effects, especially those involving social-economic responses, interactions among impacts are likely to play an important role. This paper is one of the first attempts to disentangle and highlight the role of these interactions. It focuses on the economic assessment of two specific climate change impacts: sea-level rise and changes in tourism flows. By using a CGE model the two impacts categories are first analyzed separately and then jointly. Comparing the results it is shown that, even though qualitatively joint effects follow the outcomes of the disjoint exercises, quantitatively impact interactions do play a significant role....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12022

Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kline,   Buck; Satyal,   Vijay A.
Presented to USDA Economists group, Washington, DC
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem Services (PowerPoint); Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47601

Ecosystem Services and Food Security: Economic Perspectives on Environmental Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   Robert B.
Food security in developing countries depends in part on the sustainable use of natural resources. Food security is usually examined through three dimensions, namely the availability, access, and utilization of food. Ecosystems directly and indirectly support each of these dimensions through the provision of critical ecosystem services that facilitate agricultural production, create income- generating opportunities, and provide energy for cooking. However, in some cases, household uses of natural resources undermine particular elements of  food security, hindering national poverty reduction strategies and threatening the sustainability of critical ecosystem functions. I examine the role of ecosystem services in rural food security through the lens of its...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental sustainability; Ecosystem; Food security; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98782

Ecosystem Services on New Zealand Arable Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cullen,   Ross; Takatsuka,   Yuki; Wilson,   Matthew; Wratten,   Steve D.
Researchers have estimated the total economic value of global ecosystem goods and services showing that a significant portion of humanity's economic well being is unaccounted for in conventional GNP accounting (Constanza et al., 1997). To demonstrate this point, authors have conventionally used highly aggregated landscape units for analysis (e.g., biomes), and average, not marginal values, of each ecosystem good or service are estimated for each unit using value transfer methodologies (Wilson et al., 2004). For example, Patterson and Cole (1999a, b) replicated the Constanza et al., (1997) approach by estimating economic values for Waikato and New Zealand ecosystem goods and services associated with standard land cover classes including horticulture,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem management; Arable farming; Engineered ecosystem; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97777

Ecosystems for water and food security. [Background paper]
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Agroecosystems; Agriculture; Food security; Food production; Water scarcity; Water management; Water productivity; Wetlands; Water use; Decision making; Environmental flows; Developing countries; Hunger; Poverty; Fisheries; Climate change; Agroforestry; Biodiversity; Rangelands; Livestock; Rainfed farming; Policy; Landscape; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124386

Ecotourism: Aspects of Its Sustainability and Compatibility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecotourism; Sustainable development; Brazil; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53641

Ecotourism/Wildlife based Tourism as Contributor to Nature Conservation with Reference to Vanni, Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
After discussing definitions of ecotourism, outlines possible economic and conservational benefits from developing ecotourism or wildlife-based tourism. Identifies possible economic benefits for local communities but also outlines possible economic costs to such communities. Observations are made on the potential of developing ecotourism in the Giant’s Tank/Mannar area. A sufficient market does not always exist for wildlife-based tourism to make it economically viable. Therefore, market analysis should be undertaken before promoting the development of wildlife-based tourism in a locality. A checklist is provided to give some guidance in market appraisal. It is observed that even non-consumptive wildlife-based tourism can have adverse environmental...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics; Ecotourism; Local communities; Nature conservation; Sri Lanka; Wildlife-based tourism.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48956

Editors' Report - February 7, 2011
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchant,   Mary A.; Bosch,   Darrell J.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113516

Educational Function of Agriculture and Farm Diversification: Evidence from Dairy Farming Experience Services in Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ohe,   Yasuo.
To promote multifunctional activity, it is crucial to clarify how jointness is formed in connection with farm structure. This paper examines the relationship between multifunctional activity and farm structure by focusing on the educational function of dairy farming, i.e., farming experience services, in Japan. The main findings were as follows. First, from our conceptual consideration we can say that the educational function is determined by technical and institutional jointness and there is a U-shaped relationship between farm diversification and provision of farming experience services. In addition, the national program aimed at promoting this educational function was effective in enhancing this function. Second, however, from the empirical evaluation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multifunctionality; Educational function; Farm diversification; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q26; Q57; C24.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51557

Efectos distributivos de las compensaciones por inactividad concedidas al sector pesquero afectado por la marea negra del Prestige
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Castro,   Daniel Fuentes.
Resumen En el presente trabajo se analizan las ayudas paliativas de primera hora destinadas a compensar la disminución de rentas derivada de la inactividad provocada por la marea negra del Prestige en el sector pesquero y marisquero gallego. En particular se analiza el diseño uniforme de dichas ayudas y sus efectos redistributivos entre los subsectores de actividad afectados. Asimismo se estima el coste total soportado por las administraciones públicas y se muestra cómo una sencilla re-evaluación de las ayudas hubiese permitido ajustar las compensaciones a la realidad económica de cada subsector de actividad afectado, corrigiendo de este modo la notable distorsión en la asignación de los recursos públicos.  Keywords: Marea negra; Prestige; Compensaciones;...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Oil Slick; Prestige; Indemnities; Distributional Effects; Pollution Control Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q54; Q50.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28769

Efeitos redistributivos e determinantes de recebimento do ICMS Ecológico pelos municípios mineiros
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandes,   Luciany Lima; Coelho,   Alexandre Braganca; Fernandes,   Elaine Aparecida; Lima,   Joao Eustaquio de.
The ecological ICMS was first used to distribute a share of the ICMS revenue in the state of Parana in 1991. In the Minas Gerais State, the Ecological ICMS was implemented in 1995 with the “Robin Hood Law”. The objective of this study was to evaluate the change in the ICMS distribution in Minas Gerais caused by the introduction of the ecological criterion. Results showed that the distributional effects were small mainly due to the small percentage allocated to counties, benefiting mainly poor and small counties and harming most counties. A logit model was estimated to check the determinants of counties on receiving the Ecological ICMS. Results showed that counties area and the ICMS amount received by the value-added criterion had positive effect on the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecological ICMS; Minas Gerais; Logit Model; Distribution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53246

Effect of a Carbon Price on Farm Profitability on Rainfed Dairy Farms in South West Victoria: A First-Look
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ozkan,   Seyda; Farquharson,   Robert J.; Hill,   Julian; Malcolm,   Bill.
In this study, the possible impacts of different prices of carbon on farm profitability in two dairy farm businesses with different feeding systems operated over five years were analysed. The feeding systems were a ryegrass pasture-based system (RM) and a complementary forage-based system (CF). Data were obtained from a five year farmlet trial which was applied to a scaled up representative farm model. As a first look, a carbon charge was imposed on the systems as they currently operate to gauge the order of magnitude of a carbon charge on dairy systems if they were to continue to operate essentially the same system following the impost of a cost of carbon. The main finding of this study was that overall net present value (NPV) of five years of annual...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy cow; Pasture-based feeding system; Carbon cost; Operating profit; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100710

Effect of a Differentially Applied Environmental Regulation on Agricultural Trade Patterns and Production Location: The Case of Methyl Bromide
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lynch,   Lori; Malcolm,   Scott A.; Zilberman,   David.
It has been hypothesized that differentially applied environmental regulations create pollution havens, as firms will choose to invest in countries with lax environmental standards. Using a theoretical model of pest control adoption and an empirical spatial equilibrium model, we examine one such environmental regulation, a U.S. ban on methyl bromide, to determine if an agricultural pollution haven will be created in Mexico. Alterations in agricultural production location, trade patterns, and methyl bromide use are determined. We find that, under the assumptions held, Mexico will not dramatically increase its use of methyl bromide following the ban. Sensitivity analysis to this result is conducted.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade; Environmental regulations; Methyl bromide; Production location; Spatial equilibrium model; Pesticide adoption; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10202

Effect of decoupling and agri-environmental policy on biodiversity in the uplands in UK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acs,   Szvetlana; Dallimer,   Martin; Hanley,   Nick; Gaston,   Kevin J.; Armsworth,   Paul R.
Recent decades have witnessed substantial losses in biodiversity in Europe, principally driven by the ecological changes associated with intensification of agricultural production. These changes especially affected the biodiversity in the marginal areas, such as the uplands in UK, since the habitat change was greater than in lowland zones. Livestock farming is the main land use in these areas, and economic viability of these farmers substantially relies on income coming from agricultural subsidies and different agri-environmental payments. The production decisions are influenced by these incentives and those have a subsequent effect on biodiversity. In order to address the problem of economic viability of farmers together with its impact on biodiversity...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decoupling; Agri-environmental policy; Ecological-economic model; Biodiversity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51740

EFFECT OF INVESTMENT IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF TEXAS COTTON GINS: A SIMULATION ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuller,   Stephen W.; Gillis,   Melanie; Parnell,   Calvin; Ramaiyer,   Anantha; Childers,   Roy.
The Federal Clean Air Act (FCAA) amendments of 1990 strengthened air pollution regulation as it affects stationary sources such as cotton gins. Because investments in air pollution systems are sometimes substantial, a financial burden may be placed on gin plant firms that results in insolvency or failure.  The primary objective of this study is to determine likely success/failure rates for Texas gin plants that would result from introducing various levels of air pollution control.  Analysis focuses on five representative gin plant firms and three air pollution control systems that offer differing control technology and particulate emission rates. Simulation analysis is carried out with financial models that represent each of the five gin plant firms.  The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Air pollution regulations; Cotton gins; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23962

EFFECT OF RISK PERCEPTION ON WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR IMPROVED WATER QUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sukharomana,   Renu; Supalla,   Raymond J.
A CVM survey of WTP for water quality was conducted in October 1997.  Findings suggest that WTP depends logically on risk perceptions and, thus, on the amount of water quality being purchased.  However, erroneous subjective risk opinions were found to bias WTP downward.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20869

EFFECT OF SAND MINING ON GROUNDWATER DEPLETION IN KARNATAKA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hemalatha,   A.C.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.; Nagaraj,   N.
Groundwater is a crucial source of irrigation for the farmers in Gauribidanur taluk to eke out the living since there is no other perennial source of irrigation. Currently the irrigation wells in the riparian areas of uttara Pinakini River are seriously threatened due to excessive sand extraction, which in turn affects the groundwater recharge. This has manifested in increase in proportion of well failure. It is imperative that sand mining is seriously (negative externality) affecting the interests of the economy of riparian farmers in this river basin. This calls for a serious, effective and efficient implementation of regulation of sand mining for the benefit of both agriculture and civil works. Currently sand extraction is permitted up to three feet by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sandmining; Externality; Groundwater overdraft; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43619

EFFECT OF UNCERTAINTY ON FARMERS DECISION MAKING: CASE OF ANIMAL MANURE USE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bert,   Vermeire; Jacques,   Viaene; Xavier,   Gellynck.
The negative effects of uncertainty and on perceived absorptive capacity indicates that identified problems with respect to the use of animal manures do not motivate farmers to search for external knowledge in order to solve these problems but, in contrary, they will be less inclined to learn about better ways to make use of manure. Furthermore, this will make them also less satisfied about the external knowledge which is offered and particularly will make them less willing to invest in soil analysis techniques which could help them to develop a more reliable nutrient management. These conclusions are problematic for policy makers, counsellors and consultants. First of all, while uncertainty could lead to problem identification and start a learning process...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farmers decision making; Animal manure use; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53558

Effect of Urbanization on the Adoption of Environmental Management Systems in Canadian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayasinghe-Mudalige,   Udith K.; Weersink,   Alfons; Deaton,   Brady J., Jr.; Beaulieu,   Martin S.; Trant,   Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28040

EFFECTIVE COSTS AND CHEMICAL USE IN U.S. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION: BENEFITS AND COSTS OF USING THE ENVIRONMENT AS A "FREE" INPUT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morrison Paul,   Catherine J.; Ball,   V. Eldon; Felthoven,   Ronald G.; Nehring,   Richard F.
This study uses a cost-function-based model of production processes in U.S. agriculture to represent producers' input and output decisions, and the implied costs of reductions in risk associated with leaching and runoff from agricultural chemical use.  The model facilitates evaluation of the statistical significance of measured shadow values for "bad" outputs, and their input- and output-specific components, with a focus on the impacts on pesticide demand and its quality and quantity aspects.  The shadow values of risk reduction are statistically significant, and imply increased demand for effective pesticides over time that stem largely from improvements in quality due to embodied technology, and that vary substantively by region.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11986

Effective Environmental Protection in the Context of Government Decentralization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
China has shifted control over resources and decision making to local governments and enterprises as the result of the economic reforms over the past three decades. This devolution of decision-making to local levels and enterprises has placed environmental stewardship in the hands of local officials and polluting enterprises who are more concerned with economic growth and profits than the environment. Therefore, effective environmental protection needs their full cooperation. Against this background, this paper discusses a variety of tactics that China’s central government has been using to incentivize local governments, and a number of market-based instruments, supporting economic policies, environmental performance ratings and disclosure and cooperation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Effective Environmental Protection; Incentive Structure; Economic Instruments; Industrial Policy; Financial Institutions; Government Decentralization; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q56; Q58; Q43; Q48; H23; H75; R51.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101295

Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of Yellow-Eyed Penguin conservation measures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busch,   Jonah; Cullen,   Ross.
Although an estimated US$6 billion is invested annually in our planet’s biological diversity, little research has been conducted on which conservation treatments work best or provide best value for money. Conserving biodiversity efficiently depends on identifying conservation treatments which provide greatest return on investment. Where controlled experiments are not possible, panel econometric techniques can be used to determine the effectiveness of conservation treatments. A long-running Yellow-Eyed Penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) nest count in New Zealand presents a golden opportunity to compare the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of three commonly used conservation treatments—trapping of introduced predators, revegetation, and intensive management....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6012

Effectiveness of Trade Sanctions as an Enforcement Mechanism in Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Agreements in Agriculture and Forestry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Irfanoglu,   Zeynep Burcu; Sesmero,   Juan P.
This study explores the conditions under which a trade sanction can be an effective enforcement mechanism used by the US against China in global greenhouse (GHG) mitigation in agriculture and forestry. The problem has the structure of prisoner’s dilemma and hence both the US and China have incentive to free-ride in GHG emissions abatement. It is found that if the US joined the rest of the world (ROW) in emissions abatement in agriculture and forestry, the US could also convince China to comply with abatement using trade sanctions. In this study, trade sanctions are considered as a deterrent to free-riding. For threats of trade sanctions to become a viable enforcement mechanism tariff rates have to achieve two conditions defined in this study: credibility...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade Sanctions; Greenhouse Gas Mitigation; Multilateral Environment Agreements; Computable General Equilibrium Model; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103869

Effects of a Change in Abundance of Elephants on Willingness to Pay for their Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandara,   Ranjith; Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper explores the way in which the stated willingness to pay for the conservation of Asian elephants in Sri Lanka varies with hypothetical variations in their abundance.  To do that, it relies on results from a sample of residents of Colombo.  The willingness to pay function is found to be unusual.  It increases at an increasing rate for hypothetical reductions in the elephant population compared to its current level (a level that makes the Asian elephant endangered) and also increases at a decreasing rate for increases in this population from its current level.  Rational explanations are given for this relationship.  The relationship is, however, at odds with relationships suggested in some of the literature for total economic value as a function of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asian elephant; Contingent valuation; Sri Lanka; Total economic value; Wildlife conservation; Willingness to pay.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48979

Effects of Aggregation and Model Structure on Model Linkages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bektasoglu,   Beyhan; Urban,   Kirsten; Brockmeier,   Martina.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114721

Effects of Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation Policies: The Role of International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schneider,   Uwe A.; Lee,   Heng-Chi; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Chen,   Chi-Chung.
The Kyoto Protocol represents the first international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Proposed mitigation efforts may involve the agricultural sector through such options as planting trees, crop and livestock management changes, and biofuels production. The combined use of these strategies could substantially reduce net emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. However, countries where the Protocol imposes emissions caps have expressed concern about their competitiveness with countries that are not part of the Kyoto Protocol. In a free-trade arena, food production and exports in unregulated countries could increase and reduce market share for the producers in complying countries. We examine the effects of differential Protocol...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Sector Model; Crop exports; Food production; Greenhouse gas emission mitigation; International trade; Kyoto Protocol; Leakage; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18366

Effects of alternative elicitation formats in discrete choice experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scheufele,   Gabriela; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
An elicitation format prevalently applied in DCE is to offer each respondent a sequence of choice tasks containing more than two choice options. However, empirical evidence indicates that repeated choice tasks influence choice behavior through institutional learning, fatigue, value learning, and strategic response. The study reported in this paper employs a split sample approach based on field surveys using a single binary elicitation format with a majority vote implementation as the baseline to expand the research on effects of sequential binary DCE formats. We provide evidence for effects caused by institutional learning and either strategic behavior or value learning after respondents answered repeated choice questions. However, we did not find any...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Discrete choice experiments; Split sample approach; Elicitation format; Incentive compatibility; Strategic behavior; Learning effects; Panel mixed logit models; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59158

Effects of alternative elicitation formats in discrete choice experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scheufele,   Gabriela; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
An elicitation format prevalently applied in discrete choice experiments (DCEs) offers each respondent a sequence of choice tasks. Each choice task contains more than two choice options. Empirical evidence shows, however, that repeated choice tasks influence choice behaviour through institutional learning, fatigue, value learning and strategic response.   The study reported in this paper uses a split sample approach. This approach was based on field surveys using a single binary elicitation format. To expand the research on effects of sequential binary DCE formats, a majority vote baseline was used. We present evidence for effects caused by institutional learning, and by either strategic behaviour or value learning, after respondents answered repeated...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Discrete choice experiments; Split sample approach; Elicitation format; Incentive compatibility; Strategic behaviour; Learning effects; Panel mixed logit models; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94948

Effects of Bt Cotton in India During the First Five Years of Adoption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sadashivappa,   Prakash; Qaim,   Matin.
While previous research has analyzed the impacts of Bt cotton in India, most available studies are based on one or two years of data only. We analyze the technology’s performance over the first five years of adoption, using panel data with three rounds of observations. On average, Bt adopting farmers realize pesticide reductions of about 40%, and yield advantages of 30-40%. Profit gains are in a magnitude of US $60 per acre. These benefits have been sustainable over time. Farmers’ satisfaction is reflected in a high willingness to pay for Bt seeds. Nonetheless, in 2006 Indian state governments decided to establish price caps at levels much lower than what companies had charged before. This intervention has further increased farmers’ profits, but the impact...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Bt cotton; Genetically modified crops; Farm survey; India; Seed markets; Technology adoption; Willingness to pay (WTP); Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O32; O33; Q16; Q55; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49947

Effects of Carbon Policies and Technology Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.; Shih,   Jhih-Shyang.
We develop and estimate an index-based measure of expected consumer welfare under various carbon emissions control policies in the electricity generation sector. This approach estimates welfare effects by a somewhat less data intensive methodology than econometric approaches or more complex modeling. We include anticipated technological change in the production of renewable and nonrenewable power generation during the next two decades. We estimate welfare improvements from 2000 to 2020 as renewable energy technologies continue to be improved and gradually adopted, compared with a counterfactual scenario allowing for continual improvement of nonrenewable generation technology. We formally incorporate uncertainty. We evaluate the model under alternative...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon emissions control; Electricity generation; Technological change; Consumer welfare; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q40; Q42; O33.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10620

Effects of Clean Water Act Regulations on Firm-Level Decisions in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sneeringer,   Stacy E.; Key,   Nigel D.
U.S. environmental regulations often vary by the size of the operation, with larger operations facing more regulatory stringency.  When the size distribution of firms is heavily skewed, regulation size thresholds can reduce transaction costs for regulatory agencies while bringing most production within a regulatory framework.  However, size-based regulation may have unintended consequences if operations downsize, slow their growth, or enter at a smaller size in order to avoid regulation.  These unintended consequences from regulation may include less pollution abatement and diminished economic efficiency.  In this study we examine recently revised Clean Water Act (CWA) regulations targeting large-scale livestock operations to identify and quantify farm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock; Clean Water Act; Growth; Regulation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61461

Effects of Climate Change on Water Resources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adams,   Richard M.; Peck,   Dannele E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q54.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94496

Effects of Domestic Environmental Policy on Patterns of International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tobey,   James A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50878

EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ON RECREATION USE AND VALUE: AN APPLICATION TO OFFSHORE RIGS IN CALIFORNIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parliament,   Claudia; Merchant,   James P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14145

Effects of Environmental Regulation and Urban Encroachment on California’s Dairy Structure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sneeringer,   Stacy E.
Environmental regulatory compliance costs are often cited as a factor in dairy location decisions, but few studies estimate the impacts of regulation in this sector. This article uses California dairy regulations to examine the pollution haven hypothesis in agriculture. Dairy industry regulation has varied regionally within the state, with the more strictly regulated Southern California region losing production and the more environmentally lenient Central Valley gaining production. Results show that even after controlling for population density and property values, regulation had significant negative effects on dairying in Southern California.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Differences-in-differences; Environment; Livestock; Regulation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119182

Effects of Environmental Regulation on Economic Activity and Pollution in Commercial Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sneeringer,   Stacy E.
Research on environmental regulation’s effects on economic activity has largely focused on manufacturing, ignoring one of the major polluters in the U.S. – commercial agriculture.  As livestock production has become increasingly mobile, regulation has become an important criterion in firm location.  This article extends the literature on environmental regulation’s economic effects to commercial agriculture by exploiting a series of regulations adopted in North Carolina in the 1990s.  During this time, the state’s hog production more than tripled as a consequence of welcoming state legislation.  This sudden growth creates an opportunity to study how environmental regulation affects the location of economic activity, the externality costs of legislation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock; Externality; Regulation; Public health; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46591

Effects of Environmental Zoning on Household Sorting: Empirical Evidence and Ecological Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Provencher,   Bill; Lewis,   David J.; Schoen,   Joe.
In this paper we present a preliminary analysis of whether and how spatial variation in environmental attributes affects the residential sorting of households with heterogeneous preferences. An important implication of such sorting arises if variation in preferences over environmental attributes is correlated with household activities affecting the local ecosystem, such as the replacement of native vegetation with lawns, and the removal of course woody habitat from a lake. In this case the sorting process may engender differential evolution of local ecosystems (lakes) with the same initial ecological state. The model examined in the paper has the potential to statistically examine this issue, and therefore holds promise for understanding the behavioral...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9794

Effects Of EU’s Common Agricultural Policy Reforms On Prospects For Eastern And Southern Africa’s Trade With The EU Under The Economic Partnership Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Echessah,   Protase N.
Due to the size of the European Union’s agricultural production and its market, the impact of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reaches far beyond Europe and has major implications for trade in agricultural goods all over the world including the ESA region. Since the 1950s, the CAP has undergone several reforms which have not only changed EU’s agricultural support system drastically but has also impacted global agricultural markets. For developing countries including the ESA ones, these reforms have serious implications since they are particularly locked into the EU’s complicated system of protectionist regulations and subsidies on the one hand and preferential market access on the other hand. The high degree of dependency and vulnerability of ESA...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52190

Effects of Forestland Ownership Conversion on Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The Case of South Korea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cho,   Seong-Hoon; Kim,   Hee Ho; Roberts,   Roland K.; Kim,   Seung Gyu; Lee,   Daegoon.
This research analyzed the effects of forestland conversion from private to public ownership on greenhouse gas emissions by quantifying the relationship between forestland ownership conversion and deforestation, and then examining the effects of the change in deforestation on greenhouse gas emissions in South Korea. Ex ante simulations forecast greenhouse gas emissions resulting from deforestation rates under the current level of national forestland and three scenarios of increased percentages of national forestland. The findings suggest that increasing the percentage of national forestland would mitigate the increase in the deforestation rate, which in turn would moderate the increase in greenhouse gas emissions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas emissions; Forestland Ownership; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q23; Q24; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103714

Effects of Great Barrier Reef Degradation on Recreational Demand: A Contingent Behaviour Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Roebeling,   Peter C.; Ruijs,   Arjan.
Degradation of coral reefs may affect the number of tourists visiting the reef and, consequently, the economic sectors that rely on healthy reefs for their income generation. A Contingent Behaviour approach is used to estimate the effect of reef degradation on demand for recreational dive and snorkel trips, for a case study of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in Australia. We assessed how reef degradation affects GBR tourism and to what extent reef-trip demand depends on the visitors’ socio-economic characteristics. A count data model is developed, and results indicate that an average visitor would undertake about 60% less reef trips per year given a combined 80%, 30% and 70% decrease in coral cover, coral diversity and fish diversity, respectively. This...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12228

Effects of Low-cost Offsets on Energy Investment – New Perspectives on REDD –
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golub,   Alexander; Fuss,   Sabine; Szolgayova,   Jana; Obersteiner,   Michael.
Tropical deforestation is one of the major sources of carbon emissions, but the Kyoto Protocol presently excludes avoiding these specific emissions to fulfill stabilization targets. Since the 13th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC in 2007, where the need for policy incentives for the reduction of emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) was first officially recognized, the focus of this debate has shifted to issues of implementation and methodology. One question is how REDD would be financed, which could be solved by integrating REDD credits into existing carbon markets. However, concern has been voiced regarding the effects that the availability of cheap REDD credits might have on energy investments and the development of clean...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Real Options; Energy Investment; Cap-And-Trade; REDD; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50402

Effects of Manure Use and Use Restrictions on Variable Production Costs and Net Incomes for U.S. Corn Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beckman,   Jayson F.; Livingston,   Michael J.
We utilize a treatment effects model to examine if there are differences in costs/profits for manure-using corn producers versus non-users. We find that manure users have lower peracre operating costs via reductions in fertilizer and soil conditioner costs; however, the use of manure reduces grain yields and ultimately leads to no difference in profit. Separate results indicate that manure-use restrictions do not affect costs or profits; thus policies could be in place to regulate manure usage without impacting the costs/profit structure of the farm.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Nutrient management; Treatment effects; Micro-data; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q1.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120450

Effects of Markets on Poverty and Economic Inequality: Evolutionary and Ethical Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Taking into account Kuznet’s hypothesis, considers the general relationship between the evolution and extension of market systems and the incidence of poverty and economic inequality.  It suggests that a re-evaluation of the Kuznet’s curve is needed because income inequality has been rising in many countries, with growing economic liberalisation, expansion of globalisation and greater reliance on markets.  Nevertheless, societies that experience a rapid transition from traditional, centrally controlled, or social welfare economic systems to market-based ones often experience a substantial rise in their incidence of poverty and income inequality, at least initially. Some of the reasons for this and the processes mentioned are outlined. The recent upward...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Kuznet's curve; Economic inequality; Poverty; Economic growth; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123543

Effects of No-Tillage Production Practices on Crop Yields as Influenced by Crop and Growing Environment Factors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toliver,   Dustin K.; Larson,   James A.; English,   Burton C.; Roberts,   Roland K.; Torre Ugarte,   Daniel de la; West,   Tristram O.
This paper evaluated differences between yields of no-tillage compared to conventional or reduced tillage and their associated downside risk. Six crops were evaluated along with how those yields and risks differed by various environmental factors such geographic location, precipitation, soil type and how long the practice had been used.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: No-tillage; Conservation; Conventional tillage; Downside-risk; Yield; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98818

Effects of Participation in Organic Markets and Farmer-based Organizations on the Adoption of Soil Conservation Practices among Small-scale Farmers in Honduras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wollni,   Meike; Lee,   David R.; Thies,   Janice E.
Conservation agriculture is often perceived to provide “win-win” outcomes for farmers leading to reduced erosion and off-site sedimentation, as well as improved soil fertility and productivity. However, adoption rates for conservation agriculture in many regions of the world remain below expected levels. This paper looks at the effect of organic markets in providing incentives for farmers to adopt soil conservation practices. Farmer-based organizations may link farmers to these markets by helping them overcome information deficiencies with respect to production standards and consumer preferences. Based on original survey data from 241 small-scale farm households in Honduras, we find that both participation in organic markets and farmer-based groups have...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Soil conservation; Technology adoption; Organic markets; Farmer organizations; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Q01; Q12; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51669

Effects of the CDM on Poverty Eradication and Global Climate Protection
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rubbelke,   Dirk T.G.; Rive,   Nathan.
In an impure public good model we analyze the effects of CDM transfers on poverty as well as on the global climate protection level. We construct an analytical model of a developing and an industrialized region, both of which independently seek to maximize their utility – a function of private consumption, domestic air quality, and global climate protection. They do so by distributing their finite expenditures across (1) the aggregate consumption good, (2) end-of-pipe pollution control technologies, and (3) greenhouse gas abatement. Based on our analytical findings, we develop two sets of simulations for China in which we vary the rate of the CDM transfer. The simulations differ by the assumption of China’s domestic air quality policy – the first assumes a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ancillary Benefits; CDM; Climate Policy; Impure Public Goods; Transfers; Abatement Technology; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Q54; H23; H41; O33.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46650

EFFECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION ON THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE PATTERN FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feix,   Rodrigo Daniel; Miranda,   Silvia Helena Galvao de.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91280

EFFECTS ON FARM INCOME AND THE ENVIRONMENT FROM TARGETING AGRICULTURAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPS)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westra,   John V.
To evaluate potential effects on net farm income and water quality from specific agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs), estimates of phosphorus loading for current and alternative farming methods were combined with cost and return estimates to create a positive mathematical programming model of a major watershed. Targeting specific BMPs to susceptible regions was the most effective policy for improving water quality. This had smaller negative impacts on farm income than not targeting BMPs to reduce phosphorus effluent from agriculture.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35191

Effects on growth of environmental policy in a small open economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adu,   George.
This paper examines the effect of environmental policy on economic growth in a small open economy in a neoclassical framework with pollution as an input. We show that environmental policy imposes a drag on long run growth in both the open and closed economy cases. The effect of environmental policy on growth is stronger in the open economy case relative to the closed economy model if the country has strong aversion to pollution and thus serves as a net exporter of capital in the international capital market. On the other hand, if the agents in the economy have low aversion to pollution and thus import capital, the effect of environmental care on growth is stronger in the closed economy relative to the open economy. Thus, from our set-up, environmental...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Pollution tax; Capital-output ratio; Open economy; Capital flight; Environmental Economics and Policy; O40; O41; Q56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118225

EFFICIENCY AND EQUITY ASPECTS OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROLS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spurlock,   Stanley R.; Clifton,   Ivery D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30435

Efficiency and Political Economy of Pollution Control with Ancillary Benefits: An Application to NOx Control in the Chesapeake Bay Airshed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Austin,   David H.; Krupnick,   Alan J.; McConnell,   Virginia D.
This paper examines implications for cost-effective allocation of pollution controls when preferences of coalitions organized along regional lines, or according to preferences for air vs. water quality improvements, are accounted for. Results are compared to a base case in which NOx emissions reductions must satisfy only a water quality standard, and total costs are minimized over emissions sources. Relative to base-case result that marginal control costs must be equal across sources, stronger relative preferences for air imply shifting of control toward sources that produce greater ancillary benefits to air quality. Regional differences may require side payments to induce cooperation where benefits are low, but this will not affect how controls themselves...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10553

Efficiency = Equity and Other Musings on Economics and Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sinner,   Jim.
Conventional wisdom says that equity concerns are beyond the scope of economic analysis and that achieving equity objectives will often come at a cost in terms of efficiency. Examination of the underlying meaning of efficiency and how it is defined, however, reveals that this tension between efficiency and equity is more apparent than real. The paper also explores the application of other economic concepts to the field of sustainable development, including the use of discounting for present value, Gross Domestic Product as a measure of well-being, and rational utility maximisation vs. bounded rationality as models of human behaviour.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97778

EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF BIODIVERSITY: ORGANIC VS. CONVENTIONAL PRACTICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sipilainen,   Timo; Marklund,   Per-Olov; Huhtala,   Anni.
Promotion of environmental sustainable farming practices is an important policy goal for the whole agricultural sector. However, when the efficiency of production is measured in practice, enhancement of environmental quality such as biodiversity and other environmental amenities does not seem to be recognized as a positive output produced by agriculture. Here, we include crop diversity index as an indicator of environmental output in a comparison of efficiency of conventional and organic crop farms. Non-parametric technical efficiency scores are estimated applying data envelopment analysis on a sample of Finnish crop farms for 1994 – 2002. The results show that in a pooled data set conventional crop farms are more technically efficient than organic farms...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop diversity; Shannon index; DDEA; Technical efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6478

EFFICIENCY LOSS AND TRADABLE PERMITS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liao,   Chao-Ning; Onal,   Hayri.
This research presents a price endogenous mathematical programming model that incorporates the independent, optimizing behavior of individual participants to estimate the possible efficiency loss of a newly developed permit trading market for nitrogen oxides (NOx) control in southern Taiwan. The result shows that when control equipment decisions are indivisible, an efficiency loss may arise due to over-investment. The efficiency loss found here is not because of a bilateral trading process and/or insufficient information for finding trading partners, but it is due to not having full control ability of the installed equipment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19447

Efficiency of a Biofuel Subsidy Policy in the Presence of Environmental Externalities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bayramoglu,   Basak.
The object of this paper is to analyze, in a general equilibrium setting with four markets, the efficiency of a biofuel subsidy policy. The analysis takes into account environmental externalities associated both with the production and the consumption of biofuels, as well as associated with the production of agricultural raw material. Our preliminary numerical results, applied to the biodiesel subsidy policy in France, first show that this policy increases the utility of the representative consumer compared to the laissez-faire solution. The same policy action leads, however, to an increased level of agricultural and GHG emissions, in comparison with the laissez-faire solution.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Subsidy; Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44399

Efficiency, Productivity and Environmental Policy: A Case Study of Power Generation in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaraite,   Jurate; Di Maria,   Corrado.
This study uses the EU public power generating sector as a case study to investigate the environmental efficiency and productivity enhancing performance of the European Union’s CO2 Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) in its pilot phase. Using Data Envelopment Analysis methods, we measure the environmental efficiency and the productivity growth registered in public power generation across the EU over the 1996-2007 period. In the second stage of our analysis we attempt to explain changes in productivity and efficiency over time using state-of-the-art econometric techniques. Our analysis suggests two conclusions: on the one hand carbon pricing led to an increase in environmental efficiency and to a shift outwards of the technological frontier; on the other...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions Trading; EU ETS; Environmental Efficiency; Productivity Growth; Data Envelopment Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; O38; Q48; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101297

Efficiency under a Combination of Ordinal and Cardinal Information on Preferences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Athanassoglou,   Stergios.
Replaced with a revised version of paper 10/05/11.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Random Assignment; Efficiency; Duality; Linear Programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D01; D60.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101288

Efficient design for willingness to pay in choice experiments: evidence from the field
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Geoffrey N.; Sharp,   Basil M.H.
Efficient experimental designs offer the potential to reduce confidence intervals for parameters of interest in choice models, or to reduce required sample sizes. C-efficiency recognizes the salience of willingness to pay estimates rather than utility function parameters. This study reports on a choice model application that incorporated updated statistical designs based on initial responses in order to maximize C-efficiency. The revised design delivered significant improvements.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Experimental design; Choice experiment; Efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97156

Efficient Documentation and Webmarketing Strategies for DNAs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gupta,   Naman; Michaelowa,   Axel.
In accordance with the modalities and procedures for a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) decided in Marrakech 2001, "Parties participating in the CDM shall designate a national authority for the CDM." Till date only 89 Parties have established their Designated National Authority (DNA). Capacity building and marketing the national CDM programmes to buyers of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) or project investors is one of the important tasks of host countries. In that context, website development and hosting is a key outreach mechanism for DNAs to market their national CDM programme as well as improving their country's competitiveness on the global market. But also Annex I DNA websites can play a useful role, particularly for host country companies who...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CDM; DNA website; Non- Annex I countries; Annex-I countries; Marketing; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q540; Q560.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26172

Efficient Emission Fees in the U.S. Electricity Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banzhaf,   H. Spencer; Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.
This paper provides new estimates of efficient emission fees for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions in the U.S. electricity sector. The estimates are obtained by coupling a detailed simulation model of the U.S. electricity markets with an integrated assessment model that links changes in emissions with atmospheric transport, environmental endpoints, and valuation of impacts. Efficient fees are found by comparing incremental benefits with emission fee levels. National quantity caps that are equivalent to these fees also are computed, and found to approximate caps under consideration in the current multi-pollutant debate in the U.S. Congress and the recent proposals from the Bush administration for the electricity industry. We also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Emission fees; Air pollution; Cost-benefit analysis; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Sulfur dioxide; SO2; Health benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4; D61.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10505

EFFICIENT POLICIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION:  AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF INCENTIVES FOR LAND CONVERSION AND RETENTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Plantinga,   Andrew J.; Ahn,   Soeun.
This study investigates the costs of subsidies for land retention and conversion, in addition to a policy that combines the incentives.  A Markov model of forest and agricultural land use is estimated for the U.S. South Central region and used to simulate retention and conversion policies.  Results suggest a conversion policy is less costly for increasing forest area, and a retention policy is less costly for increasing agricultural land area.  The costs of separate subsidies can be up to 300% higher than the costs of combined incentives.  However, when administrative costs are taken into account, conversion policies are likely to be less costly.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31086

Ein Vergleich Von Zentralen Und Dezentralenn Losungen Zur Abwasserentsorgung Im Landlichen Raum
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Geyler,   Stefan; Hollander,   Robert.
Today, decentralised sewage disposal plants are increasingly accepted as permanent solution in rural areas. However, it is still debated in which cases they are more appropriate than central systems. The following paper deals with technological and institutional aspects of this problem. It poses the questions, which problems will arise if decentralised systems gain ground, which solutions may be necessary and how do these solutions affect the costs of decentralised systems? Although decentralised systems can keep up with central systems regarding costs for investment and operation as well as treatment efficiency, they still fail to meet quality standards in everyday life. To achieve a better compliance, technological as well as institutional approaches...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18838

Einzelbetrieblicher Umgang mit Dokumentationspflichten im Pflanzenschutz: Eine empirische Erhebung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Battermann,   Henning W.; Steinmann,   Horst-Henning; Theuvsen,   Ludwig.
Due to new legislation, contractual commitments and societal demands, the need to document production processes has been growing continuously for farmers. This is particularly so with regard to plant protection. In this study, we surveyed how 581 farmers from Lower Saxony meet the documentation requirements. Almost all farmers surveyed document their plant production including plant protection measures. The most striking differences can be observed with regard to documentation technologies and investments made. Factor and cluster analyses allowed the identification four groups of farmers with different motivations and attitudes towards existing documentation requirements.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Plant protection; Good farming practice; Lower Saxony; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97699

El control de la contaminacion por nitratos en el regadio
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martinez,   Yolanda Martinez; Karaj,   Skender Uku; Murillo,   Jose Albiac.
RESUMEN: En este artículo se analizan los efectos de algunas políticas de gestión del agua y de las técnicas de riego sobre el rendimiento de las actividades de cultivo y la contaminación del agua en la zona de regadío de Flumen-Monegros. El análisis se basa en la obtención de la respuesta del rendimiento de los cultivos al agua de riego y al abonado de nitrógeno. Las funciones de rendimiento se estiman mediante el programa de crecimiento de cultivos EPIC que incorpora información de las características locales de clima, suelo, manejo y sistema de riego de las actividades de cultivo. En los resultados se examina la relación entre los rendimientos y el uso del agua y del nitrógeno, y se cuantifica el coste para los agricultores de la reducción de la...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Nitrogen pollution; Water management; Water and nitrogen crop response functions.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q50.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28762

ELECTRICITY DEREGULATION: WHAT'S IN STORE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Levy,   Alan S.; Teisl,   Mario F.; Roe,   Brian E.; Russell,   Matthew; Moskovitz,   Dave; Austin,   Tom.
We test the: degree to which electricity consumers will trade off price and environmental attributes, effectiveness of environmental certification, and effectiveness of voluntary versus mandatory environmental disclosure.  The type and consistency of information, the degree of difference in environmental attributes and the individual's characteristics all impact the choice of electricity product.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20990

Electricity Restructuring and Regional Air Pollution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palmer,   Karen L.; Burtraw,   Dallas.
This paper investigates the regional air pollution effects that could result from new opportunities for inter-regional power transmission in the wake of more competitive electricity markets. The regional focus is important because of great regional variation in the vintage, efficiency and plant utilization rates of existing generating capacity, as well as differences in emission rates, cost of generation and electricity price. Increased competition in generation could open the door to changes in the regional profile of generation and emissions. We characterize the key determinant of changes in electricity generation and transmission as the relative cost of electricity among neighboring regions. In general, low cost regions are expected to export power...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Electricity restructuring; Transmission; Environmental Economics and Policy; L94; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10766

Electricity Restructuring: Consequences and Opportunities for the Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.; Heintzelman,   Martin.
The universal theme of deregulation of the electricity industry is the dismantling of the exclusive franchise, opening up some segments of the industry to competition. Technological changes in generation have helped eliminate the perception that generation is a natural monopoly, but this change has not occurred in transmission and distribution services. Marketing functions have also been opened up to competition in many places. This paper includes a brief overview of the different approaches to restructuring that have been adopted in selected countries around the world. It also surveys the existing literature that explores various aspects of how electricity restructuring is likely to affect the environment. The effect of restructuring on the environment...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Electricity restructuring; Air quality; Incentive-based regulation; Technological change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; L51; L94.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10854

Electronic Democracy and Environmental Governance: A Survey of the States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beierle,   Thomas C.; Cahill,   Sarah.
Just as information technology is rapidly changing how we work, shop, and play, it is changing how we practice democracy. This paper focuses on one area where the Internet is broadening public participation in governance: the administration of environmental laws and regulations. It describes a survey of how each of the 50 states is using the Internet to provide citizens with environmental information, gather public input on agency decisions, and foster networks of interested citizens. As "laboratories for democracy," the states may be the source of ideas and experience that anticipate how environmental governance at all levels of government will change over the next decade. The survey results suggest that electronic democracy in state-level environmental...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public participation; Electronic democracy; Internet; State government; Electronic rulemaking; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10700

Elephants and Polity in Ancient India as Exemplified by Kautilya's Arthrasastra (Science of Polity)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
After providing some background on the domestication and use of elephants in ancient India, this article concentrates on the role of the elephant in Indian statescraft as outlined in Kautilya’s Arthasastra, reputed to have been written in the fourth century BC (over 2300 years ago).  The body of this essay is presented as follows: first background on the nature of Kautilya’s Arthasastra is provided and then his advice is outlined and discussed about the care of elephants.  This care involves the duty of the King, the duties of the superintendent of elephants and the law relating to the treatment of elephants.  Subsequently, Kautilya’s views about the use of elephants in war are considered.  The essay concludes with an overall assessment of the role of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Elephants; India; Kautilya; Arthasastra; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55062

Elephants and the Ivory Trade Ban: Summary of Research Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics of elephant conservation; Economics of ivory trade; Trade bans; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q57; Q27; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57807

Eliciting values for environmental attributes of a private good using a real choice experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaud,   C.; Llerena,   D.
Markets for environmentally friendly products have been expanding during the last decade. These products provide both private benefits to the consumer and environmental – public – benefits. The demand for environmentally friendly products has consequently received a growing interest. Our study aims at studying consumers' choices for a non-food product, i.e. roses, with different environmental attributes. We combine a choice experiment with a laboratory experiment to provide real economic incentives.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice experiment; Environmental attributes; Real economic incentives; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44234

Embedding Landfill Diversion in Economic, Geographical and Policy Settings Panel based evidence from Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Montini,   Anna; Nicolli,   Francesco.
This paper analyses the process of delinking for landfilling trends embedding the dynamics in a frame where economic, geographical and policy variables enter the arena We aim at investigating in depth what main drivers may be responsible for such a phenomenon, and whether differences may be observed focusing the lens on a decentralised provincial based setting. We exploit a rich panel dataset stemming from Official sources (APAT, Italian environmental agency) merged with other provincial and regional based information, covering all the 103 Italian provinces over 1999-2005. The case study on Italy is worth being considered given that Italy is a main country in the EU. Thus it offers important pieces on information on the evaluation of policies. Evidence...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Landfill Policies; Incineration; Landfill Tax; Policy Effectiveness; Waste Management; Delinking; Landfill Trends; Kuznets Curves; Land Economics/Use; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; Q38; Q56.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44221

EMERGING DEMANDS ON OUR FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM: DEVELOPMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL LABELING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Ravenswaay,   Eileen O.
A growing number of consumers are demanding more environmentally benign products, and companies are meeting this demand by making environmental claims on product labels.  This phenomenon has led to two policy issues.  One is preventing deceptive environmental labeling.  The other is whether ecolabeling should be used to achieve environmental policy goals. This paper describes national and international developments in these two policy areas and explores marketing and policy implications for the food and agricultural system.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11742

EMERGING ISSUES IN AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
This paper outlines emerging issues in agricultural trade and the environment.  Its intent is to provoke discussion, rather than to capture all of the issues and details that merit analysis.  It focuses primarily on "micro" issues rather than global issues such as green house gas emissions or biodiversity, although these are in many respects simply the aggregation of questions that must be resolved by changes in practices and incentives at the farm level.  It begins with a description of the stylized facts of trade-environment interactions, arguing that the widely cited "Kuznets function" underscores our ignorance concerning the mechanisms linking growth, trade, and pollution.  Especially in agriculture, there is evidence that market and government...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14383

Emerging Research and Public Policy Issues for a Sustainable Global Food Network
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinsey,   Jean D.
This paper presents research questions and policy issues related to three emerging issues pertinent to developments in the global food and agricultural supply network. Developments in the production and delivery of food to consumers are rapid, prolific, and extreme. We have gone from a farmer-centric to a consumer-centric food system. The changes are forcing us to revise our thinking about the organization and operation of the food supply chain one-hundred and eighty degrees, to challenge old assumptions about who sets standards and who decides what will be produced. Public policies, which typically lag the world of commerce, will need to learn their relevance and catch-up with dramatic changes in the way business is being conducted. Three examples come to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Supermarketization; Private standards; Diet transition; Obesity; Food defense; Terrorism; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14298

Emerging Rights and Risks in the Management of Water Quantity and Water Quality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: O'Sullivan,   Dan.
Using transferable water permits has been identified by economists as a necessary tool to efficiently allocate water to its highest valued use. Australian governments have seized the concept and begun to provide mechanisms that separate rights to water from land ownership and allow flexibility to trade the rights. Water trading is slowly taking shape but has been challenged regarding ownership rights and technical applications. Several key studies and projects are now testing a similar process to be used to develop ownership and incentives for diffuse water pollution. This paper analyses how rights to water quantity and water quality are emerging, the policy tools being used, and current challenges for decision makers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water property rights; Pollution; Permit trading; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31960

EMERGING RURAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17663

Emission Taxes and Tradable Permits: A Comparison of Views on Long Run Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pezzey,   John C.V.
We compare three different views on the long run efficiencies of emission taxes which include thresholds, and of tradable emission permits where some permits are initially free. The differences are caused by different assumptions about whether thresholds and free permits should be subsidies given only to firms that produce, or full property rights. Treating tax thresholds, as well as free permits, as property rights would depart from the conventional view, but would allow greater flexibility in making economic instruments both efficient and acceptable. Such flexibility could be very important in achieving efficent control of greenhouse gas emissions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58198

Emissions Pricing, Spillovers, and Public Investment in Environmentally Friendly Technologies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn.
In a second-best world of below-optimal pollution pricing, the public return to R&amp;D may be greater than under Pigouvian pricing, due to excess benefits of increasing abatement, or it may be lower, since private actors lack the incentives to take full advantage of the new, cleaner technologies. This paper uses a simple model to demonstrate the interaction between environmental policies, R&amp;D externalities, and the social return to innovation. The results indicate that strong public support for innovation is only justified if at least a moderate emissions policy is in place and spillover effects are significant. Furthermore, in most cases, policy constraints that limit regulatory burdens tend to further limit the scope for public support, even when...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions price; Technological innovation; Spillovers; R&amp;D policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; O38; H23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10648

Emissions Pricing to Stabilize Global Climate
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Paltsev,   Sergey; Reilly,   John M.; Carraro,   Carlo.
In the absence of significant greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, many analysts project that atmospheric concentrations of species identified for control in the Kyoto protocol could exceed 1000 ppm (carbon-dioxide-equivalent) by 2100 from the current levels of about 435 ppm. This could lead to global average temperature increases of between 2.5 and 6°C by the end of the century. There are risks of even greater warming given that underlying uncertainties in emissions projections and climate response are substantial. Stabilization of GHG concentrations that would have a reasonable chance of meeting temperature targets identified in international negotiations would require significant reductions in GHG emissions below “business-as-usual” levels, and indeed from...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions Pricing; Climate Stabilization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119102

Emissions Trading and the Convergence of the Australian Electricity and Transport Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reedman,   Luke J.; Graham,   Paul W.
Bottom up partial equilibrium modelling of the energy sector has tended to focus on the electricity sector given its typically large share of total emissions, the deregulation of that market in many countries and the relatively well understood technology options. In contrast, this paper employs a model of the energy sector to investigate the proportion electricity and transport may contribute given the relative cost of abatement in those sectors, for specified emission targets. A related issue is the potential convergence of the two sectors through greater uptake of electrically powered transport.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Energy; Emissions trading; Electricity and transport; Integrated modelling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6042

Emissions Trading, Electricity Industry Restructuring and Investment in Pollution Abatement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fowlie,   Meredith.
The NOx State Implementation Plan Call was designed to facilitate cost effective reductions of nitrogen oxides emissions from large stationary sources (primarily electricity generators) through the introduction of an emissions trading program. I investigate the relationship between economic regulation and firms' long-run response to the incentives created by this emissions trading program. I estimate a discrete choice model of the firm's compliance decision, controlling for unit-level variation in compliance costs and using exogenous variation in state-level electricity industry restructuring activity to identify an e¤ect of electricity market regulation on generators' environmental compliance strategy choices. I present evidence that differences in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19265

Emissions Trading to Improve Air Quality in an Industrial City in the People's Republic of China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morgenstern,   Richard D.; Abeygunawardena,   Piya; Anderson,   Robert; Bell,   Ruth Greenspan; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Schreifels,   Jeremy; Dong,   Cao; Jinan,   Wang; Jitian,   Wang; Larsen,   Steiner.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10782

Emissions Trading with Telecommuting Credits: Regulatory Background and Institutional Barriers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nelson,   Peter.
The 1999 National Telecommuting and Air Quality Act created pilot programs in five metropolitan areas in the United States to examine whether a particular type of economic incentive, tradable emissions credits created from telecommuting, represents a viable strategy for reducing vehicle miles traveled and improving air quality (H.R. 2094, 2000). Under the ecommute program, companies could generate emissions credits by reducing the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) of their workforce through telework programs. They would then be able to sell the credits to firms that needed the reductions to comply with air quality regulations. This paper provides some context for evaluating whether such a trading scheme represents a feasible approach to reducing mobile source...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Telecommuting; Emissions trading; Environmental Economics and Policy; R4; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10884

Emissions Trends and Labour Productivity Dynamics Sector Analyses of De-coupling/Recoupling on a 1990-2005 Namea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marin,   Giovanni; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano.
This paper provides new empirical evidence on Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKC) for greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants at sector level. A panel dataset based on the Italian NAMEA over 1990-2005 is analysed, focusing on both emission efficiency (EKC model) and total emissions (IPAT model). Results show that looking at sector evidence, both decoupling and also eventually re-coupling trends could emerge along the path of economic development. CH4 is moderately decreasing in recent years, but being a minor gas compared to CO2, the overall performance on GHGs is not compliant with Kyoto targets, which do not appear to have generated a structural break in the dynamics at least for GHGs. SOx and NOx show decreasing patterns, though the shape is affected...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse Gases; Air Pollutants; NAMEA; Trade Openness; Labour Productivity; EKC; STIRPAT; Delinking; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; O4; Q55; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52346

Empirical Analysis of Agricultural Growth and Unemployment in Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ayinde,   Opeyemi Eyitayo; Ayinde,   Kayode; Memudu,   I. J. B.; Ojehomon,   V.I.
Unemployment which has been identified as the major cause of poverty is a worldwide economic problem. Poverty alleviation has been a great concern to developing countries. The economic burden of unemployment on a society necessitates this study. Consequently, this study analyses the Nigerian agricultural growth rate, its contributions, and examines the linkage and dimension of agricultural growth and unemployment rates. Collected time series data were analyzed with the aid of t – test, Duncan Multiple Range test, Granger Causality test and regression analysis.   Results showed that Nigerian agricultural growth rate has an inverse relationship with unemployment and re – establish the Cobweb supply theory. In addition, increase in agricultural growth...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cobweb supply theory; Granger Causality test; Nigeria; Unemployment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52147

Empirical Analysis of Land-use Change and Soil Carbon Sequestration Cost in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Man; Wu,   JunJie; Deng,   Xiangzheng.
This project examines the driving forces behind the land-use change and evaluates the effects of land-use transition on soil organic carbon density and sequestration cost in China. It contributes to the literature in three aspects. First, it applies a discrete choice method to model multiple land-use options with a unique set of high-quality data. Second, it conducts a comprehensive analysis of biophysical characteristics and changes in soil carbon storage caused by land-use change. Third, it examines the economic efficiency of alternative land use policies as instruments for carbon sequestration in China.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Land-use; Soil organic carbon density; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49568

Empirical Assessment of Baseline Conservation Tillage Adoption Rates and Soil Carbon Sequestration in the Upper Mississippi River Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Kling,   Catherine L.
The study proposes a methodology for developing a carbon sequestration baseline attributable to the current use of conservation tillage. An integral component of the methodology is the explicit acknowledgment that there is an uncertainty in the baseline because of the uncertainty associated with the use of econometrically estimated models. The results of applying the method to a major crop production area, the Upper Mississippi River Basin in the central United States, are reported for two major crops in the region, corn and soybeans. The approach to estimation of the baseline should be readily transferable to other geographic areas and conservation practices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21169

Empirical Assessment of Baseline Conservation Tillage Adoption Rates and Soil Carbon Sequestration in the Upper Mississippi River Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.
The study proposes a methodology for developing a carbon sequestration baseline attributable to the current use of conservation tillage. An integral component of the methodology is the explicit acknowledgment that there is an uncertainty in the baseline because of the uncertainty associated with the use of econometrically estimated models. The results of applying the method to a major crop production area, the Upper Mississippi River Basin in the central United States, are reported for two major crops in the region, corn and soybeans. The approach to estimation of the baseline should be readily transferable to other geographic areas and conservation practices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25457

Empirical Calibration of a Least-Cost Conservation Reserve Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheriff,   Glenn.
Mechanism design models typically conclude by characterizing an optimal allocation schedule based on the principal's beliefs regarding agent value functions and the distribution of agent types. This article addresses the question of how a principal can develop these beliefs given a standard cross-sectional data set in which agents' input-output choices are observable, but their underlying heterogeneity is not. I employ the methodology to evaluate strategies for reducing the cost of a voluntary program that reduces cultivation on environmentally-sensitive farmland.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21420

EMPIRICAL TAXONOMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICAL ARCHETYPES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grimsrud,   Kristine M.; Wandschneider,   Philip R.
Economists usually assume that the private ethical system of individuals is Utilitarian. However, one finds a much broader range of ethical positions in the environmental ethics literature. Moreover, environmental policy debates seem to elicit alternative ethical systems. It would therefore seem prudent to increase our understanding of the role played by alternative environmental ethical systems. In this study we follow some descriptive ethical studies in examining the empirical ethical position of people based on a broad cross section of the American public. We review some taxonomic literature in environmental ethics and develop a conceptual model of the formation of environmental values. We then use canonical correlation to investigate the existence of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22034

Empirische Untersuchungen zum optimalen Spezialisierungsgrad ökologisch wirtschaftender Marktfruchtbetriebe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Francksen,   Tammo; Gubi,   Gunther; Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe.
This paper employs the concept of technology efficiency to analyse the optimal degree of specialisation of organic arable farms. Based on bookkeeping data from 461 organic farms, three technology specific frontiers (each representing a different degree of specialisation)and an all-encompassing metafrontier are estimated using a combination of Data Envelopment Analysis and Window Analysis. The results indicate that a significant proportion of sample farms have not chosen their optimal degree of specialisation. We quantify the potential productivity gain from switching to the optimal specialisation class. This is highest for moderately specialised farms switching to higher degrees of specialisation. We demonstrate that there are significant differences in...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Organic arable farming; Business strategies; Optimal degree of specialisation; Technology efficiency; Data Envelopment Analysis; Window Analysis; Farm Management; Production Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96729

ENCOURAGING FARMERS TO PRODUCE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS FROM AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westra,   John V.; Zimmerman,   Julie K.H.; Vondracek,   Bruce.
Farmers produce many things in abundance for which they receive income, including food, feed, fiber and fuel.  Similarly, farmers generate environmental benefits such as improved water quality by reducing soil and nutrient loss and improved wildlife habitat by managing their operation in certain ways.  Unfortunately, most farmers receive limited or no compensation for these positive externalities they produce.  If we wish to encourage more of these positive externalities, policies need to be established and implemented that compensate producers for the benefits society receives from specific farming practices.  This research examined how production practices that provide environmental benefits would affect water quality (nutrient and sediment loss),...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19785

End Materials
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes:  JAAE Manuscript Submission Guidelines; Back Cover; Southern Agricultural Economics Association Executive Committee; Membership and Subscription Information
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104613

Endangerment and Likeability of Wildlife Species: How Important are they for Proposed Payments for Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath; Wilson,   Clevo.
Examines empirically the relative influence of the degree of endangerment of wildlife species and their stated likeability on individuals’ willingness to pay (WTP) for their conservation. To do this, it utilises data obtained from the IUCN Red List and likeability and WTP data obtained from two serial surveys of a sample of the Australian public who were requested to assess 24 Australian wildlife species in each of three animal classes: mammals, birds and reptiles. Between the first and second survey, respondents were provided with extra information about the focal species. This information resulted in the clear dominance of endangerment as the major influence on the WTP of respondents for the conservation of the focal wildlife species. Our results throw...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation of wildlife species; Contingent valuation; Endangerment of species; Likeability of species; Willingness to pay.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51419

Endogenous Economic Reforms and Local Realities: Cotton policy-making in Burkina Faso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaminski,   Jonathan; Serra,   Renata.
This paper explores the case for believing endogenous reforms to be more developmental than externally-imposed reforms, by drawing on the recent unorthodox experience of  cotton sector reform in Burkina Faso. We address questions about reform emergence, feasibility, developmental impact, and sustainability. Our analysis, which carefully incorporates local social and political realities, suggests that the urban elites dominating the Burkinabè state favoured a particular cotton reform process, because it provided them with higher rents; while allowing for some rent distribution to the rural world which secured national consensus around reform. Endogenous reforms, though more feasible, are not necessarily more sustainable over time. In Burkina Faso, the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Cotton policy-making; Reforms; Burkina Faso; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; International Development.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116227

Endogenous Growth, Health and the Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohtadi,   Hamid; Roe,   Terry L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7521

ENDOGENOUS GROWTH MODELS AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE: AN ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattarai,   Gandhi Raj; Hite,   Diane; Hatch,   L. Upton; Thompson,   Henry.
Fertilizer consumption per cubic meter of freshwater is taken as a proxy for global water quality indicator.  A global model of environmental quality for 121 countries confirms the Kuznet's hypothesis.  Global turning point is reached at nearly five times the average income of all countries.  Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) was significant to increase the national income.  Increased aid and larger farm size per capita favored higher environmental quality, albeit insignificant.  A flow of better technology and possible non-agricultural employment might help improve water quality in developing countries when their net income increases.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22212

Endogenous Information Structures in Conservation Contracting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goeschl,   Timo; Lin,   Tun.
Landowners are commonly not only better informed about their private cost of conservation than conservation agencies, but also frequently in a position to spend resources on improving their knowledge about contract-relevant parameters before signing a contract on offer. We extend and generalize the literature on conservation contracting by endogenizing the information structure in a setting where the conservation agency is both asymmetrically informed about the efficiency of the landowner and unable to observe whether the landowner collects information after being offered the contract and before signing it. In this setting, we study the optimal contract the conservation agency should offer to the landowner conditional on the cost of information collection....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12666

Endogenous Technology and Tradable Emission Quotas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golombek,   Rolf; Hoel,   Michael.
We study an international climate agreement that assigns emission quotas to each participating country. Unlike the simplest models in the literature, we assume that abatement costs are affected by R&amp;D activities undertaken in all firms in all countries, i.e. abatement technologies are endogenous. In line with the Kyoto agreement we assume that the international climate agreement does not include R&amp;D policies. We show that for a second-best agreement, marginal costs of abatement should exceed the Pigovian level. Moreover, marginal costs of abatement differ across countries in the second-best quota agreement with heterogeneous countries. In other words, the second-best outcome cannot be achieved if emission quotas are tradable.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12042

Energy Balance Climate Models and the Spatial Structure of Optimal Mitigation Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brock,   William A.; Engstrom,   Gustav; Xepapadeas,   Anastasios.
We develop a one-dimensional energy balance climate model with heat transportation across locations. We introduce the concept of potential world GDP at time t, and we introduce, through the temperature function, spatial characteristics into the damage function which make damages latitude dependent. We solve the social planner’s problem and characterize the competitive equilibrium. We define optimal taxes on fossil fuels and profit taxes on firms that extract fossil fuels. Our results suggest that if the implementation of international transfers across latitudes is not possible, then optimal taxes are spatially non homogeneous and tend to be lower at the poor latitudes. The degree of spatial differentiation of optimal taxes depend on heat transportation. We...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy Balance Climate Models; Heat Diffusion; Temperature Distribution; Spatial Optimal Taxes; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121721

Energy Balance Climate Models, Damage Reservoirs and the Time Profile of Climate Change Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brock,   William A.; Engstrom,   Gustav; Xepapadeas,   Anastasios.
A simplified energy balance climate model is considered with the global mean temperature as the state variable, and an endogenous ice line. The movements of the ice line towards the Poles are associated with damage reservoirs where initial damages are high and then eventually vanish as the ice caps vanish and the damage reservoir is exhausted. We couple this climate model with a simple economic growth model and we show that the endogenous ice line induces a nonlinearity. This nonlinearity when combined with two sources of damages - the conventional damages due to temperature increase and the reservoir damages - generates multiple steady states and Skiba points. It is shown that the policy ramp implied by this model calls for high mitigation now. Simulation...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy Balance Climate Models; Damage Reservoir; Ice Line; Permafrost; Heat Diffusion; Policy Ramp; Skiba Points; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122863

Energy efficiency, innovation, and job creation in California
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roland-Holst,   David W.
Global climate change poses significant risks to the California economy. Recognizing and responding to these threats, Governor Schwarzenegger signed Executive Order #S-3-05 (Schwarzenegger 2005) which called for a 30 percent reduction below business-as-usual of greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. In September 2006, the California legislature passed and Governor Schwarzenegger signed into law the historic Global Warming Solutions Act (AB 32), which mandates a first-in-the-nation limit on emissions that cause global warming. In June 2006, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) released a “Draft Scoping Plan” – the policy roadmap to meet the emissions reduction target of 169 Million Metric Tons of Carbon (MMTCO2)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy; Sustainability; Climate change; Economic policy; Energy policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46718

Energy Input Use and CO2 Emissions in the Major Wheat Growing Regions of India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manaloor,   Varghese; Sen,   Chandra.
Energy Input Use and CO2 Emissions in the Major Wheat Growing  Regions of India    ABSTRACT   The structural and technological changes that have taken place over the past several decades have resulted in an increased use of direct and indirect energy inputs in Indian agriculture.  In particular, the substitution of capital for labour has increased the reliance of agriculture on non-renewable energy use.    Increased wheat production in India has been achieved through the expanded use of increasingly sophisticated inputs, such as farm machinery, fertilizers, herbicides, and irrigation. All these involve the use of commercial energy.  The use of fossil fuel in the agriculture industry contributes to the overall Greenhouse emissions.  This study estimates the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51695

Energy-Use, the Environment and Development: Observations with Reference to China and India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Roy,   Kartik C.
None
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kuznets Curve; China; India; Energy use; Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48953

Enforcement and Environmental Quality in a Decentralized Emission Trading System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: D'Amato,   Alessio; Valentini,   Edilio.
This paper addresses the issue of whether the powers of monitoring compliance and allocating tradeable emissions allowances within a federation of countries should be appointed to a unique federal regulator or decentralized to several local regulators. To this end, we develop a two stage game played by environmental regulator(s) and the polluting industries of two countries. Regulator(s) choose the amount of emission allowances to be issued and set the level of monitoring effort to achieve full compliance, while regulated firms choose actual emissions and the number of permits to be held. We identify various, possibly conflicting, spillovers among states in a decentralized setting. We show that cost advantage in favor of local regulators is not sufficient...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions Trading; Environmental Federalism; Enforcement; Monitoring Cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; K42; Q53.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46654

Enforcement Aspects of Conservation Policies: Compensation Payments versus Reserves
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rousseau,   Sandra.
This model explicitly incorporates the dynamic aspects of conservation programs with incomplete compliance and it allows landholders’ behaviour to change over time. We find that incomplete and instrument-specific enforcement can have a significant impact on the choice between subsidy schemes and reserves for conservation policies. The results suggest that it is useless to design a conservation scheme for landholders if the regulator is not prepared to explicitly back the program with a monitoring and enforcement policy. In general, the regulator will prefer to use compensation payments, if the cost of using government revenues is sufficiently low, the environmental benefits are equal, and the cost efficiency benefits exceed the (possible) increase in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Monitoring and enforcement; Policy instruments; Conservation policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44453

Enforcing Environmental Regulation: Implications of Remote Sensing Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.; Brennan,   Timothy J.
We review economic models of environmental protection and regulatory enforcement to highlight several attributes that are particularly likely to benefit from new enforcement technologies such as remote sensing using satellites in space. These attributes include the quantity and quality of information supplied by the new technologies; the accessibility of the information to regulators, regulatees, and third parties; the cost of the information; and whether the process of information collection can be concealed from the observer. Satellite remote sensing is likely to influence all of these attributes and in general, improve the efficacy of enforcement.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulation; New technologies; Remote sensing; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q28.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10464

Enforcing 'Self-Enforcing' International Environmental Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McEvoy,   David M.; Stranlund,   John K.
Theoretical analyses of international environmental agreements (IEAs) have typically employed the concept of self-enforcing agreements to predict the number of parties to such an agreement. The term self-enforcing, however, is a bit misleading. The concept refers to the stability of cooperative agreements, not to enforcing these agreements once they are in place.   Most analyses of IEAs simply ignore the issue of enforcing compliance. In this paper we analyze a static IEA game in which parties to an agreement finance an independent enforcement body with the power to monitor the parties'’ compliance to the terms of an IEA and impose penalties in cases of noncompliance. This approach is broadly consistent with the enforcement mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21403

Enforcing 'Self-Enforcing' International Environmental Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McEvoy,   David M.; Stranlund,   John K.
Theoretical analyses of international environmental agreements (IEAs) have typically employed the concept of self-enforcing agreements to predict the number of parties to such an agreement. The term self-enforcing, however, is a bit misleading. The concept refers to the stability of cooperative agreements, not to enforcing these agreements once they are in place.   Most analyses of IEAs simply ignore the issue of enforcing compliance by parties to the terms of an agreement. In this paper we analyze an IEA game in which parties to an agreement finance an independent enforcement body with the power to monitor the parties' compliance to the terms of the IEA and impose penalties in cases of noncompliance. This approach is broadly consistent with the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14537

ENFORCING TRANSFERABLE PERMIT SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF TRANSACTION COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.; Chavez,   Carlos A.
In this paper we examine the impacts of transaction costs on enforcing a transferable emissions permit system.  We derive an enforcement strategy with a self-reporting requirement that achieves complete compliance in a cost-effective manner.  In the absence of transaction costs targeted enforcement-the practice of monitoring some firms more closely than others-is neither necessary nor desirable. In the presence of constant marginal transaction costs, buyers of permits should be monitored more closely than sellers, but within groups of buyers and sellers monitoring should be uniform.  When marginal transaction costs are not constant, effective monitoring will depend on whether a firm is a buyer or seller, its demand for permits relative to its initial...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14527

Enhancing Sustainable Development of Diverse Agriculture in Viet Nam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anh,   Dao The; Thinh,   Le Duc; Bihn,   Vu Trong.
The objective of the study is to investigate the socio-economic impacts of recent developments in the regional and global economic environment, including trade liberalization on upland agriculture at a village level and identifying constraints to the sustainable development of diversified agriculture, in particular upland agriculture based on CGPRT crops in Viet Nam.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Diversification; Food crops; Poverty; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32673

Enhancing the Contribution of Trade Liberalisation in Environmental Services to Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirkpatrick,   Colin; George,   Clive; Scrieciu,   Silviu Serban.
In the last decade, a fundamental phenomenon came to the fore in the business environment: more and more companies are offering total solutions to their customer instead of standardized products or services. Although this trend has already been studied extensively in literature, little has been said about the impact of this phenomenon on the supplier's channel management. This article develops propositions concerning the influence of a total solutions strategy on a company's channel management, rooted on an extensive literature review and case-based research in the Belgian industrial market.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Total solutions; Channel management; Channel relationships; Relationship management; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30581

Enriching Stakeholder participation through Environmental Valuation; Eliciting Preferences for a National Park Designation in Northern Ireland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rowan,   Emma; Longo,   Alberto.
This paper provides the theoretical framework and describes the preliminary steps for combining collaborative planning and non-market valuation techniques to improve the decision making process and stakeholder involvement in land use decisions. Combining components of Collaborative Planning (CP) — a Planning theory seeking to achieve the highest level of consensus possible amongst all stakeholders — with non-market valuation techniques (Travel Cost Method and Contingent Behaviour) - widely used in environmental economics — this study attempts to elicit the preferences of the Northern Ireland population which could be affected by the proposed designation of a National Park. The CP elements of public participation are first used as an aid to design the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Travel cost; Contingent behaviour; Revealed preferences; Stated preferences; National park designation; Collaborative planning; Stakeholder involvement; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51071

ENSO Forecast Value, Variable Climate and Stochastic Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Letson,   David; Podesta,   Guillermo; Messina,   Carlos; Ferreyra,   Andres.
We evaluate ENSO forecasts when prices are variable and ENSO is a portion of overall climatic variability. Forecast responses include crop mix, cultivar,fertilization, and planting date. Price changes reduce forecast value by excluding responses. Predictable income variability (ENSO-related), as a share of the total, evaluates forecast skill.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20562

Entscheidungsunterstutzung bei der Gestaltung von Agrarumwelt-programmen: Ein Interaktiver, PC-Gestutzter Programmierungs-ansatz fur Sachsen-Anhalt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirschke,   Dieter; Daenecke,   Ernst; Hager,   Astrid; Kastner,   Kerstin; Jechlitschka,   Kurt; Wegener,   Stefan.
The increasing importance of measures under the so called "second pillar" of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union raises new challenges to decision-makers. The definition and operationalisation of goals as well as the implementation of concrete measures is a complex task. Decisions have to be made on priorities for goals and measures and finally on the allocation of the budget. In this article we demonstrate how policy-making in complex systems can be supported by co-operation between scientists, policy-makers and administrators. Using a participatory computer-aided programming approach the case of improving the agri-environmental programme of Saxony-Anhalt is examined. Based on interactive simulations together with stakeholders and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Agri-environmental programmes; Decision-making support; Linear programming; Policy consulting; Priority setting; Saxony-Anhalt; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18820

Entwicklung und politische Rahmenbedingungen des ökologischen Landbaus in Europa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lampkin,   Nicolas; Padel,   Susanne; Foster,   Carolyn.
The paper describes the development and policy environment of organic farming in the European Union, where organic farming has grown rapidly due to a variety of factors. Policy measures concerning area-based financial support for conversion to and continuation of organic farming, officially-recognized standards and support for market and regional development, advice and research are considered. This indicates that individual measures can also work against each other. In some countries, good experiences have been made with integrated action plans, an approach that is also being discussed at the European level and which could achieve a good basis for the development of organic farming in future.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; EU agricultural policy; Agri-environment programme; Action plans; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98990

ENVIRO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHORUS NONPOINT POLLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westra,   John V.; Olson,   Kent D.
The state of Minnesota seeks to reduce phosphorus loading to the Minnesota River by 40% from current levels.  The state agency charged with achieving this reduction has indicated each watershed should reduce its current phosphorus loading by 40%.  We hypothesized that policies targeting specific practices or regions would have a smaller negative impact on farm income than policies requiring every nonpoint polluter to reduce its contribution by 40%.  Using a stylized version of one major watershed in the river basin as an example, we analyzed the cost-effectiveness of various nonpoint pollution reduction policies.   We simulated current and alternative farming systems (designed to reduce phosphorus loading by changing tillage or fertilizer practices) in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20653

Environment and Trade in Developing Economies: A Primer for the World Bank's Global Economic Prospects 2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18359

ENVIRONMENT, EQUITY AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onal,   Hayri; Algozin,   Kenneth A.; Isik,   Murat.
This paper presents a methodology for incorporating environmental and social equity objectives in an economic analysis of watershed management. Empirical results indicate that restricting agricultural pollution notably increases farm costs. The equity objective also adversely affects economic efficiency, but the cost increase due to social equity is less significant.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21032

Environment, Human Development and Economic Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Costantini,   Valeria; Monni,   Salvatore.
Over the last few years, environmental issues have entered into policy design, particularly development and growth policies. Natural resources are considered necessary production inputs and environmental quality is considered a welfare determinant. The integration of environmental issues into economic growth and development theories and empirics is currently widely analyzed in the literature. The effects of natural resources endowment on economic growth are mainly analyzed through the so-called Resource Curse Hypothesis (RCH) whereas the effects of economic growth on environmental quality are part of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Furthermore, recent contributions on RCH and EKC have shown the important role of institutions and human development...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12113

ENVIRONMENT, HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY PERSPECTIVES TO PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adeofun,   C.O.; Opeolu,   B.O.
Agriculture, unlike industrial activity which has always resulted in pollution, has been environmentally benign for most of its history until after the Second World War when the system disintegrated. Then, crop residues were incorporated into the soil or fed to livestock, the manure returned to the land in amounts that could be absolved and utilized. Mechanized farming, however, is reliant on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Hence, crop residues and livestock excreta, which were once recycled have become wastes and their disposal a continuing problem for the farmer. With the present national policy on agriculture, there is the need for private sector participation especially in the area of environmental health and safety for economic and environmental...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54375

Environment in Three Classes of Endogenous Growth Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elbasha,   Elamin H.; Roe,   Terry L.
The implications of environmental externalities are studied within three classes of endogenous growth models viz. the linear technology models, the human capital models, and the R&amp;D and innovation models. The long-run rate of economic growth changes when environmental extemalities are introduced; the direction of change depends on the severity of extemalities and the intertemporal elasticity of substitution. The presence of environmental externalities cause the decentralized growth rate to diverge from the efficient rate. Which rate is bigger than the other depends, among other things, on the valuation of consumption relative to environmental quality. Several policy changes to align the two paths are discussed. The models are calibrated to U.S. data.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7474

Environment, irreversibility and optimal effluent standards
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jou,   Jyh-Bang.
The present article investigates the use of performance standards to correct environmental externalities. Each firm in an industry emits waste in the production process, and, in turn, the average waste emissions of the industry adversely affect the firm's productivity. The firm, which incurs sunk costs when employing capital to abate waste emissions, is uncertain about the efficiency of capital. The firm will underestimate environmental externalities and will therefore pollute more than is socially efficient. To correct this tendency, the regulator can set a limit on either emissions or the emission‐output ratio at the socially efficient level. The firm will invest more, produce more, and pollute less when the regulator implements the former than when the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117864

ENVIRONMENT POLICY EDUCATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Castle,   Emery N.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1967
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17571

ENVIRONMENT POLICY EDUCATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frey,   John C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1967
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17570

ENVIRONMENT POLICY EDUCATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gratto,   Charles P.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1967
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17584

ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING AND AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES: AN APPLICATION TO THE REGULATION (EEC) 2078/92 IN EMILIA-ROMAGNA (ITALY); Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caggiati,   P.; Viaggi,   Davide; Zanni,   G.
In the last decades, problems related to environmental protection have become more and more important, involving a growing number of economic and social actors.  The new role played by agriculture in this context requires not only innovations concerning policy instruments, but also an evolution of tools, such as those for environmental accounting and assessment, able to support the analysis of choices in a complex economic and technological context, characterised by a number of heterogeneous objectives.  This paper illustrates a model (AGRI-ECO-AUDIT) set up with the aim of supporting decision making concerning the application of Reg. (EEC) 2078/92 in Emilia-Romagna (Italy).  The aim is to verify the possible contribution of environmental accounting to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14427

ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING IN AGRICULTURE: A THEORETICAL OVERVIEW WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TUSCANY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pacini,   Cesare; Wossink,   Ada; Vazzana,   Concetta; Omodei-Zorini,   Luigi.
This paper addresses its specifics of environmental accounting for agriculture. Particularly it focuses on (a) data collecting/presenting or the environmental accounting methodology in agriculture, and. (b) indicators to measure the environmental consequences of agricultural production. The paper takes farming systems in the Tuscany Region in Italy and its specific environmental policy and management issues as a back drop. A new Environmental Accounting Information System (EAIS) is exposed that comprises both a set of environmental indicators for the evaluation of the farm externalities and the estimate of the farm environmental capital, a data collection system (the Environmental Accounting Questionnaire) and a set of elaboration methodologies for the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21870

ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING OF FOREST RESOURCES: TWO ITALIAN CASE STUDIES; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Franceschetti,   Giorgio; Pettenella,   Davide.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14366

ENVIRONMENTAL AMENITIES AND COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF PORTLAND, OREGON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cho,   Seong-Hoon; Wu,   JunJie.
This paper examines equilibrium properties of local jurisdictions implied by the Tiebout-style model.  A set of equilibrium conditions are derived from a general equilibrium model of local jurisdictions.  The conditions are parameterized and empirically estimated in a two-stage procedure.  The method is applied to communities in a Portland metropolitan area with an extension of public-good provision to include environmental amenities.  The results suggest that the model can replicate many of the empirical regularities observed in the data.  For example, the predicted income distributions across communities closely matched the observed distribution.  The estimated income elasticity of housing demand is consistent with previous findings.  One important...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19863

ENVIRONMENTAL AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY LINKAGES IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY: THE NITRATE PROBLEM AND CAP REFORM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haley,   Stephen L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51117

Environmental and Distributional Impacts of Conservation Targeting Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   JunJie; Zilberman,   David; Babcock,   Bruce A.
Resource purchasing funds have become a major tool for environmental protection and resource conservation. These funds use various strategies to target resources for environmental conservation, the choice of which may lead to striking differences in environmental performance. This paper develops an analytical framework to compare the effects of alternative targeting strategies on consumer surplus, producer surplus, and environmental benefits. We demonstrate that ignoring the output price effect of purchasing funds reduces environmental gain from the purchasing fund and, in some cases, may make a purchasing fund counterproductive. A purchasing strategy that targets resources with the highest environmental benefits may be counterproductive even if the price...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation funds; Distributional effects; Environmental benefits; Targeting strategies; Environmental Economics and Policy; D1; D2.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18528

ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF RECYCLING LIVESTOCK WASTES--ALGAE PRODUCTION USING WASTE PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   John B.; Madewell,   Carl E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30515

Environmental and Economic Impact Assessments of Environmental Regulations for the Agriculture Sector: A Case Study of Hog Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brethour,   Cher; Sparling,   Beth; Moore,   Terri-lyn; Bucknell,   Delia.
A multi-year research study was established under the environmental pillar of the Agriculture Policy Framework (APF) to evaluate the role and impact of existing farm level environmental regulations administered by   local, provincial, federal governments. The Phase 1 study entitled "Inventory and Methodology for Assessing the Impacts of Environmental Regulations in the Agricultural Sector" was released in March 2006 on AAFC   online.  There is a growing concern about the impact and effectiveness of environmental regulations, specifically impact on the competitiveness of primary agriculture. Empirical analysis is required to better understand the   exact role that agri-environmental regulations play in determining a farm's cost structure and to compare...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulations; Hog operation/farming; Compliance cost; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52727

Environmental and Economic Impact Assessments of Environmental Regulations for the Agriculture Sector: A Case Study of Potato Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Craven,   Ian.
A multi-year research study was established under the environmental pillar of the Agriculture Policy Framework (APF) to evaluate the role and impact of existing farm level environmental regulations administered by local, provincial, federal governments. The Phase 1 study entitled  "Inventory and Methodology for Assessing the Impacts of Environmental Regulations in the Agricultural Sector" was released in March 2006 on AAFC online.  There is a growing concern about the impact and effectiveness of environmental regulations, specifically impact on the competitiveness of primary agriculture. Empirical analysis is required to better understand the exact role that agri-environmental regulations play in determining a farm's cost structure and to compare...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulations; Potato farming; Compliance cost; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52728

ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF MANURE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR REPRESENTATIVE MICHIGAN DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Satyal,   Vijayanand H.
Environmental effects of animal waste have long been a concern to the United States livestock industry. Ever increasing livestock production scale, has resulted in three crucial environmental and odor consequences: 1. Spills from animal waste stores; 2. Nutrient runoff due to the application of manure to the croplands; and 3. Direct ambient pollution, including odors, pests and gases (Innes, 2000).  Under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, or also commonly known as the Clean Water Act (CWA) since 1977, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs)1 as point source polluters and non-CAFOs as non-point source polluters. The CWA requires that all CAFOs or dairy farms with 700 or more milking...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11094

ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SOIL EROSION AND FERTILITY MINING IN NORTHERN TANZANIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nkonya,   Ephraim M.; Barkley,   Andrew P.; Hamilton,   Stephen F.; Bernardo,   Daniel J.
This paper develops a soil conservation model that is relevant to smallholder farmers who apply little or no fertilizer. Empirical results drawn from northern Tanzania imply that, ignoring fertility mining problem in model specification leads to overestimation of profits for farms that apply little or no fertilizer.  The model also shows that, the impact of output price on soil conservation efforts depends on the curvature of the soil erosion function.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Soil erosion; Fertility mining; Soil conservation; Price policy; Soil erosion function; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21623

ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE EC POLICIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liapis,   Peter S.
A net trade model that includes environmental variables is used to analyze economic and environmental implications of various EC policies.  There are environmental benefits from CAP reform, but a fertilizer tax results in greater nitrate and phosphate abatement.  The input tax also results in smaller drops in EC farm income compared to CAP reform.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: CAP reform; Environmental policies; European Community; Fertilizer tax; Net trade model; Nitrate Directive; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15422

ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS IN THE CONTEXT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION: ISSUES AND OPTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grote,   Ulrike; Engel,   Stefanie.
The current debate on trade liberalization is accompanied by an increased concern about environmental and food safety issues leading to frictions of different country groups under the World Trade Organization (WTO). This discussion paper aims at shedding more light on some of the issues in the "trade and environment" debate. It describes the complex process of setting standards, the relevant WTO agreements dealing with technical as well as sanitary and phytosanitary standards and potential outcomes of setting environmental standards-outcomes for the environment, for international trade relations and the competitiveness of countries. The theoretical part shows that under certain assumptions, not only protectionist but also environmental concerns may lead to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18725

ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE POLICY AND THE OPTIMAL DISPERSION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hsu,   Shi-Ling; Weinberg,   Marca.
Environmental policies generally address problems associated with ill-defined property rights.  Our framework describes property rights "regimes" as functions of the degree of consolidation of rights to an asset and of the parties holding those rights.  Efficient resource use occurs if welfare gains from regime switches offset endogenous transaction costs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20882

Environmental and Pro-Social Norms: Evidence from 30 Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Torgler,   Benno; Frey,   Bruno S.; Wilson,   Clevo.
The paper investigates the relationship between pro-social norms and its implications for improved environmental outcomes, an area which has been neglected in the environmental economics literature. We provide empirical evidence, demonstrating a strong link between perceived environmental cooperation (reduced public littering) and increased voluntary environmental morale, using European Values Survey (EVS) data for 30 Western and Eastern European countries. The robust results suggest that environmental morale and perceived environmental cooperation, as well as identifying the factors that strengthen these relationships, potentially bring about better environmental outcomes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Preferences; Environmental Morale; Conditional Cooperation; Pro-Social Behavior; Environmental Economics and Policy; H260; H730; D640.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8225

Environmental and Quality Improvement Practices: Their Analysis as Components of the Value Added in Horticultural Firms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomez,   Emilio Galdeano; Lorente,   Jose Cespedes; Rodriguez,   Manuel Rodriguez.
This paper analyses the effect of environmental and quality improvement practices on the value added of the fruit and vegetable sector. These practices form part of the incentive-based programmes established by the Common Agricultural Policy. Taking the investment in quality-environmental activities as knowledge capital, we propose a specific analysis that evaluates the effect of the factors of the production function and of the current subsidies over the value added. In general, the share of quality environmental activities in the rise of the product's market value is quite high. The analysis reflects that the expenditure on these activities is still higher than their benefit, and that the current subsidies can hardly be considered encouraging factors for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Quality-environmental practices; Investment incentives; Horticultural firms; Value added; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24870

Environmental and Regional Problems of Contaminated Sites
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kramer-Eis,   Helmut; Karl,   Helmut.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18782

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONCERNS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Youngberg,   I. Garth.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17130

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURE: A SPECIAL CHALLENGE IN POLICY EDUCATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Libby,   Lawrence W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17127

Environmental and social values of river water: examples from the Menik Ganga, Sri Lanka.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dissanayake,   Priyanka; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.
Many decisions on water allocation in river basins are made on economic grounds. Environmental and social benefits of water should also be considered in river basin management, and attempts should be made to value them similarly. This is not a straightforward task and very few studies have directly addressed this issue to date. In this paper, the Menik Ganga (River) in southern Sri Lanka is used as a case study to attempt and evaluate the costs and benefits of environmental water allocations, referred to as ‘environmental flows’ (EF). In this study, a broad definition of EF is used: the components of EF evaluated include the requirements of the religious festival, the requirements of the Yala National Park, the requirements of the Pilinnawa Coastal Wetland...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rivers; Ecosystems; Wetlands; Wildlife; Fisheries; Water allocation; Water requirements; Case studies; Economic evaluation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91876

Environmental and socioeconomic impact of the new cotton reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arriaza Balmón,   Manuel.
Following the decoupling of the cotton subsidies in 2006 the production system has become less intensive in input usage with an average yield reduction of 40 per cent. Albeit the farm income has not been reduced, the reform has had a negative effect on the economy of some rural areas of Southern Spain, where there are few productive alternatives to cotton, with a 39% reduction of direct farm labour. Besides, the reform has been borne by the ginning industry (60% reduction), the agrochemical suppliers and the auxiliary sector. On the other hand, the environment has benefits from the extensification of the cotton production since three quarter of the production is now carried out under integrated production that implies a reduction in the amount of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cotton; CAP reform; Decoupling; Spain; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44328

Environmental and Technology Policies for Climate Change and Renewable Energy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Newell,   Richard G.
We assess different policies for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and promoting the innovation and diffusion of CO2-reducing power technologies: (1) emissions price, (2) tax on fossil power, (3) tradable emissions performance standard, (4) market share requirement for renewables, (5) renewables production subsidy, and (6) R&amp;D subsidy for renewables. We evaluate the relative performance of the policies according to incentives they provide along different avenues for emissions reduction, their efficiency, and other salient outcomes. We also assess how the nature of technological progress-whether it occurs by learning by doing or R&amp;D investment and the degree of knowledge spillovers -affects the desirability of different policies. In a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Technology; Policy instruments; Climate change; Renewable energy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q21; Q28; Q48; O38.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10789

Environmental and Trade Policies: Some Methodological Lessons
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   V. Kerry; Espinosa,   Juan Andres.
This paper describes the results of using a new computable general equilibrium model for the European Union that incorporates local and transboundary externalities to evaluate the effects of trade policy reform. In contrast to all past theoretical and empirical research, this model includes the morbidity effects of three criteria air pollutants as nonseparable arguments of household preferences. The model is based on the Harrison-Rutherford Wooton model that identifies 11 regions, six aggregate commodities and three factor inputs. Three modifications were made to the model: (a) Stone Geary utility functions were used to characterize preferences for each consumer; (b) nine morbidity effects due to the three air pollutants were introduced as translating...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade and environmental policy; CGE models; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; H41.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10638

Environmental Benefits from Reduced Pesticide Use and Returns to Research: An Application to the U.S. Cotton Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sande,   Doris N.; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Matekole,   Augustus N.
Cotton production is one of the main pesticide use industries in the U.S. This intensive use has resulted in the disruption of naturally occurring biological control factors that regulate other insect pest populations and “the pesticide treadmill”. The result is resistance to insecticides, high control costs and unacceptable levels of chemical insecticides in the environment. Concerns about the environmental and human health effects from pesticide use thus need to be modeled in evaluation studies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Pesticide use; Environmental effects; Supply function; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56549

Environmental Bonding for Land Reclamation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Igarashi,   Yoshiyuki; Andersen,   Matthew A.; Coupal,   Roger H.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61866

Environmental Conservation and Food Security in Developing Countries: Bridging the Disconnect
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ajayi,   Olu Clifford; Matakala,   Patrick.
In many developing countries, environmental issues are often sacrificed for immediate food production requirements because of perceived tradeoff between two.  Some production systems exist however that offers opportunities for achieving the two seemingly divergent objectives because they have the characteristics to produce joint outputs; food production and environmental conservation, but their adoption in farming communities is socially sub-optimal despite proven technological success.  Using natural resource economics framework, this study highlights the reasons for the low adoption of such technologies taking Agroforestry technologies as a case study and, uses externality theory to provide environmental economic logic for developing incentives to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Externalities; Agricultural Policy; Agricultural technology; Sustainability; Ecosystem services; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25636

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN AGRICULTURE: LAND RETIREMENT VERSUS CHANGING PRACTICES ON WORKING LAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Kling,   Catherine L.; Gassman,   Philip W.
The study develops a conceptual framework for analyzing the allocation of conservation funds via selectively offering incentive payments to farmers for enrolling in one of two mutually exclusive agricultural conservation programs: retiring land from production or changing farming practices on land that remains in production. We investigate how the existence of a pre-fixed budget allocation between the programs affects the amounts of environmental benefits obtainable under alternative policy implementation schemes. The framework is applied to a major agricultural production region using field-scale data in conjunction with empirical models of land retirement and conservation tillage adoption, and a biophysical process simulation model for the environmental...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation Reserve Program; Land retirement; Working land; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18627

Environmental Credit Trading (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lucero,   Carl.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8086

Environmental Cross Compliance - Panacea or Placebo?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Webster,   Paul; Williams,   Nigel.
Environmental Cross Compliance is one policy by means by which government can seek to influence farmers so that they give greater weight to environmental goods in their decisions. The policy is evaluated from both a theoretical and pragmatic viewpoint and its strengths and weaknesses are discussed. The necessary conditions for the success of environmental cross compliance policies are identified and problems with its implementation are highlighted.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7004

ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES IN COURT: THE AMERICAN TRADER CASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chapman,   David J.; Hanemann,   W. Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6868

Environmental Decentralization in the United States: Seeking the Proper Balance between National and State Authority
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laskowski,   Stanley; Morgenstern,   Richard D.; Blackman,   Allen.
This paper examines the United States' experience with environmental decentralization, focusing on the relationship between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the states. It outlines the factors that are considered in determining the appropriate degree of decentralization, the advantages and disadvantages of decentralization, how the EPA-state relationship has evolved over the years, and the structural mechanisms used to ensure that there is a high degree of performance by EPA and the states in administering the programs. Program-specific examples of the EPA-state relationship are also provided.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental decentralization; Environmental administration; Environmental Economics and Policy; H11; H59.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10779

Environmental Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
This article, prepared for the forthcoming second edition of the New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, provides an overview of the economics of environmental policy. Included are the setting of goals and targets, notably the Kaldor-Hicks criterion, and the related method of assessment known as benefit-cost analysis. Also reviewed are the means of environmental policy, that is, the choice of specific policy instruments, featuring an examination of potential criteria for assessing alternative instruments, with focus on cost-effectiveness. The theoretical foundations and experiential highlights of individual instruments are reviewed, including conventional command-and-control mechanisms and market-based instruments.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental economics; Efficiency; Cost-effectiveness; Benefit-cost analysis; Market-based instruments; Tradeable permits; Pollution taxes; Environmental Economics and Policy; K320; Q280; Q380; Q480.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10841

Environmental economics and the Murray-Darling river system
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quiggin,   John C.
Much concern about the negative environmental consequences of agricultural development in Australia, including salinisation, waterlogging and algal blooms, has focused on the problems of the Murray–Darling Basin. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the environmental problems of the Murray–Darling Basin from an economic perspective, and a selective survey of the relevant economic literature, including theoretical analysis, modelling and contributions to the development of water policy. In attempting to understand the complex problems of the Murray–Darling Basin, an eclectic approach drawing on externality, sustainability and property rights perspectives seems most appropriate.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117382

Environmental economics and valuation: towards a practical investment framework for Catchment Management Authorities in New South Wales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farquharson,   Robert J.; Hill,   Christine M.; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.; Tracey,   Jacqueline.
The Catchment Management Authorities in New South Wales have programs that are collectively investing $436 million over four years to achieve catchment-wide natural resource/environmental improvements. In this paper, we consider the question of how to best allocate these resources so as to increase the well-being of the public within catchments and the state. We consider the current approaches used by CMAs and make a case for Benefit-Cost Analysis as an alternative means of assessing ex ante questions of priority setting at the catchment level and for project appraisal. A major issue for BCA is the estimation of potential benefits from project investments, particularly the estimation of values that catchment communities and those living outside the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental; Economics; Choice modelling; Non-use values; Investment framework; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10404

Environmental Economics of Ethanol Production – a brief introduction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evers,   Jonathan Rhys; Hundloe,   Tor; Daniels,   Peter L.
By treating organic wastes as a resource, and applying a different method of waste management, organic wastes could contribute significantly to global energy needs.   The ethanol distillation process waste product, stillage, is a soup-like waste stream that contains substantial organic content.  By digesting this material   three resources are recovered – biogas (80 per cent methane), biosolids (high in nutrients equivalent to high grade fertiliser) and recyclable water.    Current waste treatment in ethanol production focuses on drying the stillage waste and using the resultant material as mulch to be spread over crops. This is an energy intensive, low-benefit, process that increases production cost.  If a waste treatment process could convert the waste...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94880

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION -- NORTH CAROLINA'S APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mangum,   Fred A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17336

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND-USE CHANGE: THE ROLE OF ECONOMICS AND POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lubowski,   Ruben N.; Bucholtz,   Shawn; Claassen,   Roger; Roberts,   Michael J.; Cooper,   Joseph C.; Gueorguieva,   Anna; Johansson,   Robert C.
This report examines evidence on the relationship between agricultural land-use changes, soil productivity, and indicators of environmental sensitivity. If cropland that shifts in and out of production is less productive and more environmentally sensitive than other cropland, policy-induced changes in land use could have production effects that are smaller-and environmental impacts that are greater-than anticipated. To illustrate this possibility, this report examines environmental outcomes stemming from landuse conversion caused by two agricultural programs that others have identified as potentially having important influences on land use and environmental quality: Federal crop insurance subsidies and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), the Nation's...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP); Crop insurance; Erosion; Extensive margin; Farm policy; Imperiled species; Land use; Land-use change; Land quality; Nutrient loss; Soil productivity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33591

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF TRADE IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: A CASE STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Agriculture has been at the center of conflicts over world trade from the beginning in 1986 of the eighth, Uruguay Round, of multilateral trade negotiations.  Yet it is only in the final phases of the Round that linkages from trade to the environment have come to the fore.  In this paper, the specific linkages from trade to the environment in the agricultural sector are developed.  The impacts of trade flows and policies on environmental quality in agriculture have features which make them unusually difficult to resolve.  In many respects, the same domestic agricultural policies at the root of trade distortions also encourage environmental damages.  Hence, reforming these domestic and trade policies would be a partial, though not a complete, step in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14449

Environmental Efficiency, Emission Trends and Labour Productivity: Trade-Off or Joint Dynamics?  Empirical Evidence Using NAMEA Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Zoboli,   Roberto.
The paper provides new empirical evidence on the relationship between environmental efficiency and labour productivity using industry level data. We first provide a critical and extensive discussion around the interconnected issues of environmental efficiency and performance, firm performances and labour productivity, and environmental and non-environmental innovation dynamics. The most recent literature dealing with environmental innovation, environmental regulations and economic performances is taken as reference.  We then test a newly adapted EKC hypothesis, by verifying the correlation between the two trends of environmental efficiency (productivity, namely sector emission on added value) and labour productivity (added value on employees) over a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Decoupling; NAMEA Emissions; Labour Productivity; Sectoral Added Value; Kuznets Curves; Environmental Efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; C23; Q38; Q56.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9320

Environmental efficiency: Meaning and measurement and application to Australian dairy farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Graham,   Mary.
Technical efficiency has been widely studied in the literature, but in its pursuit, many of the inputs used can impact on the environment. Environmental effects can be modelled as undesirable output or, as has been the case in more recent studies, as conventional inputs. This paper examines the concept of environmental efficiency and how it can be used to evaluate the performance of Australian dairy farming, using nitrogen surplus, arising from excessive applications of fertilizer, as a detrimental input. Farming promotes the image of clean and green production and if this image is to be maintained, there is a need to ensure activities are environmentally friendly
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Detrimental inputs; Nitrogen surplus; DEA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58450

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY, SEPARABILITY AND ABATEMENT COSTS OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wossink,   Ada; Denaux,   Zulal Sogutlu.
This paper presents a new framework for analyzing abatement costs of nonpoint-source pollution. Unlike previous studies, this framework treats production and pollution as non-separable and also recognizes that production inefficiency is a fundamental cause of pollution. The implications of this approach are illustrated using an empirical analysis for cotton producers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19884

ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCE IN CHINA'S WESTERN REGION DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Feiyue; Quan,   Yongxin; Henning,   John C.
During the past 20 years, economic reforms undertaken by China have led to rapid economic growth, as well as increasing environmental problems. In particular, economic development in the Eastern Region  has been associated with severe environmental degradation. For example, the Huaihe River has been badly polluted through this process of development, air quality is poor, and red tides have been observed along the southeastern coastline.  In the 10th five-year national development plan (2001-2005), the Chinese government is focusing on promoting economic growth in the Western Region, since it is relatively underdeveloped compared to the east. However, the government wishes to ensure that economic development in this region is accompanied by social...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11836

Environmental Governance, Globalisation and Economic Performance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Increasing globalisation of economic activity and accompanying economic growth have been factors in the worldwide loss of natural environments and biodiversity loss, and these losses have accelerated since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Emissions of many types of pollutants and wastes from human activity are rising globally and are exceeding the capacity of natural environments to absorb and neutralize them. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that the quality and size of some natural sinks for neutralizing them (such as forests) are declining. Consequently, these wastes are accumulating in many environments and pose a growing threat to human welfare and to sustainable economic development. There are, for instance, global concerns about...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental economics; Environmental governance; Environmental law; Environmental regulation; Globalisation; Global warming; Greenhouse gases; Transboundary pollution; Transboundary natural resources.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55341

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS OF FARMING: THINKING ABOUT THE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shabman,   Leonard A.
What an economist argues about managing the hazards of new production technologies depends on that individual's beliefs about the scientific credibility of assessed risk of new technologies, about the meaning of voluntary risk and compensations, and about the meaning of "progress" and "nature." None of these beliefs is derived from the core of the economics discipline. Indeed, the economist's arguments often rest not on economic considerations, but on these matters of belief that are established outside the discipline.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29915

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS OF FARMING: THINKING ABOUT THE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Luzar,   E. Jane.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29896

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PUBLIC POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF INCREASED COAL USE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Plotkin,   Steven E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17251

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE UNDER NAFTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
NAFTA was the first trade liberalization agreement to explicitly include environmental provisions.  Both agricultural trade and U.S. FDI in the Mexican food processing and agricultural sectors have increased since NAFTA's implementation.  Environmental implications include a greater emphasis on the environment in Mexico as well as positive and negative impacts due to changes in scale, structure and technology in those sectors.  Increased use of chemicals due to both increased outputs and a shift to greater horticultural crop production have negative impacts on the Mexican environment but improved technologies in processing produce favorable effects.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19104

Environmental Impacts of Emerging Biomass Feedstock Markets: Energy, Agriculture, and the Farmer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dodder,   Rebecca S.; Amani,   Elobeid; Johnson,   Timothy L.; Kaplan,   P. Ozge; Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Secchi,   Silvia; Tokgoz,   Simla.
The tighter linkages between energy and crop markets due to recent climate and energy legislation in the US have large potential environmental impacts beyond carbon sequestration and climate mitigation. These range from effects on water quality and quantity, soil erosion, habitat and biodiversity preservation. These impacts are very location and management-decision specific, as they are the product of atomistic decisions and depend on soil and landscape specific variables. In order to fully understand the effects of biomass markets, the new and stronger linkages and feedback effects between national- and global-scale energy and commodity markets must be properly understood and identified using an integrated perspective. We discuss the various interactions...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy and Commodity markets linkages; Integrated energy system assessment; Environmental impacts; Biofuels.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118453

Environmental Implications of the Foodservice and Food Retail Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davies,   Terry; Konisky,   David M.
The growing size and importance of service sector industries in the U.S. economy raises questions about the suitability of the current environmental management system to deal with perhaps a changing set of environmental concerns. This paper analyzes the environmental impacts associated with the activities undertaken and influenced by two service sector industries- foodservice (e.g., restaurants) and food retail (e.g., grocery stores). This paper is not a definitive analysis of the magnitude of the environmental effects of these industries, but is intended to be a comprehensive survey of the types of environmental implications-positive and negative-of these two service sectors. The foodservice and food retail industries are components of a larger industrial...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Foodservice; Food retail; Service sector; Environmental impact analysis; Sector environmental profile; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10761

Environmental Implications of the Tourism Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davies,   Terry; Cahill,   Sarah.
This report analyzes the environmental impacts of the tourism industry, which is the third largest retail industry in the United States, behind only automotive dealers and food stores. In 1998, travel and tourism contributed $91 billion to the U.S. economy, supporting 16.2 million jobs directly and indirectly. While extensive research has documented the significant economic impact of such service industries as tourism, little has been written about their effect on environmental quality. This study uses a framework developed from the industrial ecology literature to assess the impacts of the tourism industry on the environment. Three categories of impact are discussed: direct impacts, including impacts from the travel to a destination, the tourist...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tourism; Environmental impact; Upstream and downstream leverage; Service sector; Sector environmental profile; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10824

Environmental Indices for the Chinese Grain Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Ming; Karp,   Larry S.
Increased population pressure and political decisions have led to more intensive agricultural practices in China. As in other regions of the world, these practices can damage natural capital We use the Kalman filter and Chinese panel data to estimate an index of environmental productivity (natural capital), together with the parameters of environmental dynamics and the production function. These estimates show that intensive practices are likely to have had persistent, substantial, and statistically significant negative effects on productivity. Ignoring these effects can cause substantial misallocation of resources. The results illustrate the possibility of estimating sectoral environmental indices using data commonly available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Chinese agriculture; Dynamic production; Environmental indices; Sustainability; Kalman filter; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; QOl; Q21; C32; C43.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6259

Environmental Information Disclosure: Three Cases of Policy and Politics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beierle,   Thomas C.
One of the most notable innovations in environmental management in the past 15 years has been the use of environmental information disclosure as a strategy for improving firms’ environmental performance. Following the Environmental Protection Agency’s success with the Toxics Release Inventory, the agency and Congress initiated a number of other disclosure initiatives. This discussion paper documents the experience of three of these: risk management planning, materials accounting, and the Sector Facility Indexing Project. The paper examines the benefits and costs of these programs, their effectiveness, and the dynamics by which disclosure works.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Disclosure; Toxics Release Inventory; Risk management planning; Materials accounting; Sector Facility Indexing Project; Right-to-know; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10527

Environmental Injustice: An Ohio Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdul-Mohsen,   Ashraf; Hitzhusen,   Frederick J.
Valuation of environmental regulations and policy changes is usually focused on the achievement of economic efficiency or potential Pareto improvement (PPI): a proposed change or policy is accepted if those who gain from carrying out a specific project or policy could, in principle, compensate those who lose from implementing that policy so no one is worse off. Aggregate measures of value such as aggregate willingness to pay are common measures of economic efficiency. However, in reality, compensations by the gainers to the losers of a policy seldom take place and the disadvantaged must bear most if not all the cost of the adverse effects of the policy change or environmental degradation. Furthermore, willingness to pay is largely dependent on the ability...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21061

Environmental Innovation and Environmental Policy: An Empirical Test of Bi-Directional Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Innes,   Robert; Carrion-Flores,   Carmen E.
The purpose of this paper is to study the empirical strength of the bi-directional linkages between environmental standards and performance, on the one hand, and environmental innovation, on the other and, hence, the role of policy in spurring environmental R&amp;D and, in turn, ultimate environmental performance. We study these links using an alternative measure of policy stringency, namely, pollutant emissions themselves. Specifically, we examine 107 manufacturing industries at the three-digit SIC code for the period 1989 - 2002. In view of the joint determination of research and pollution outcomes, we estimate a system of simultaneous equations, using appropriate instruments to identify each endogenous variable. Our empirical results reveal that there...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19162

Environmental Innovations, Local Networks and Internationalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cainelli,   Giulio; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Montresor,   Sandro.
This paper investigates the drivers of the environmental innovations (EI) introduced by firms in local production systems (LPS). The role of firm network relationships, agglomeration economies and internationalization strategies is analysed for a sample of 555 firms in the Emilia-Romagna region, North-East of Italy. Cooperating with ‘qualified’ local actors – i.e. universities and suppliers – is the most important driver of EI for most firms, along with their training policies and IT innovations. The role of agglomeration economies is less clear and seems to depend on the EI propensity of more locally oriented firms playing in district areas, which might even turn agglomeration into dis-economies. Networking effects and agglomeration economies are instead...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Eco-Innovation; Foreign Ownership; Networking; District; Agglomeration Economics; Local Production Systems; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; L60; O13; O30; Q20; Q58; F23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101298

ENVIRONMENTAL INTERESTS IN THE 1995 FARM BILL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Katherine R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17497

Environmental Issues and Farming in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Jock R.
Formerly a rich-county preoccupation, dealing more explicitly with environmental concerns around agriculture is becoming a mainstream concern for developing countries. Concerns arise with all the major resources underpinning farming, such as land and water which are selectively reviewed here but most attention is concentrated on the soil resource and carbon sequestration possibilities. The results of some environmental interventions constitute public goods at variously local, regional and global levels and thus provide a rationale for potential engagement for governments and development agencies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7011

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES FROM A COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bass,   Richard.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17489

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES FROM AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Katherine R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17483

Environmental Issues in Animal Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdalla,   Charles W.; Lawton,   Jennifer L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q0; F2; Q25; Q30; R52.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94386

Environmental Issues in the 1990 Farm Bill Debate
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ikerd,   John E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60334

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE FTAA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Paper presented at the 24th West Indies Agricultural Economics Conference, Granada, July 19-12, 2002.  Environmental issues have become important in trade agreement negotiations.  NAFTA explicitly includes environmental provisions and they are affecting ongoing WTO and FTAA negotiations.  The final role of the environment in the FTAA is uncertain, given opposition by most of the members.  The draft FTAA agreement does not contain a separate section on the environment, but a U.S. position paper indicates that environmental provisions are important and that U.S. negotiators will seek to incorporate environmental concerns into specific chapters such those on investment and agriculture.   The large number and varied economic and environmental conditions of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Trade agreements; Agricultural trade; Environment; Trade and environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; F1; F13; F15; F18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19107

Environmental Issues of Agriculture: Social Perception Analysis in Southern Spain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salazar-Ordonez,   Melania; Sayadi,   Samir.
Agriculture largely shapes the European ecosystems. Today the environmental social interest and the awareness that some farming practices destroy the natural environment is undeniable. Thus, the European decision maker’s emphasis on integrating social demands within the Common Agricultural Policy becomes unquestionable. In this context, this paper analyses: i) the degree of social compliance with soilerosion control from agriculture in Andalusia (southern Spain); ii) the degree of society’s concern about its agriculture; and iii)the respondent’s features that influence both perceptions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Environment; Social Perception; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; D62; Q31.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44420

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: AVOIDING THE DIFFICULTY OF PROVING DISCRIMINATORY INTENT IN HAZARDOUS WASTE SITING DECISIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiniyalocts,   Melissa.
Contrary to general public perception that environmental hazards are borne equally, the risks and accompanying burdens of exposure to environmental contaminants are distributed disproportionately along racial and class lines. The environmental justice movement has received much recent attention as being an extension of the civil rights movement, where advocates have demanded fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens. This paper focuses on the difficulty that plaintiffs wishing to challenge hazardous waste siting in their communities have in proving that the siting decision was based on racial factors. Part 1 examines a North Carolina case that illustrates the potential that substantive and procedural requirements have in protecting...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental justice -- United States -- Cases; Hazardous waste -- United States -- Management -- Social aspects; Hazardous waste sites -- Government policy -- United States; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12771

ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE, BIODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schubert,   Renate; Dietz,   Simon.
This paper deals with the question of whether for biodiversity an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) exists. In addition, we are interested in identifying the key determinants of the falling limb of such a curve. An Environmental Kuznets Curve here is understood to be a graphical representation of a function with the amount of environmental damages in a country as the dependent variable and with per capita income as the independent variable. The graph of this function is assumed to have the shape of an inverted U. As with the general case of environmental damages, the existence of an EKC for biodiversity cannot be proven empirically. On the contrary, an EKC for biodiversity seems rather not to exist. Given the rapid rate of depletion of species diversity,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18748

Environmental Kuznets Curves for Carbon Emissions: A Critical Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aslanidis,   Nektarios.
The empirical finding of an inverse U-shaped relationship between per capita income and pollution, the so-called Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), suggests that as countries experience economic growth, environmental deterioration decelerates and thus becomes less of an issue. Focusing on the prime example of carbon emissions, the present article provides a critical review of the new econometric techniques that have questioned the baseline polynomial specification in the EKC literature. We discuss issues related to the functional form, heterogeneity, “spurious” regressions and spatial dependence to address whether and to what extent the EKC can be observed. Despite these new approaches, there is still no clear-cut evidence supporting the existence of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Carbon Emissions; Functional Form; Heterogeneity; “Spurious” Regressions; Spatial Dependence; Environmental Economics and Policy; C20; Q32; Q50; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54299

Environmental Labeling and Technology Adoption in the Presence of Strategic Interactions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Konishi,   Yoshifumi.
This manuscript analyzes the effect of binary ecolabeling on the strategic competition of Cournot duopolists in environmental technology and the output market. Under binary labeling, firms' abatement technologies are not directly observable by consumers but are certified if they satisfy preset ecological standards. Given this asymmetry, I set up the regulator's problem as one of choosing a technology standard, or "cutoff," in emissions per unit of output, below which all abatement efficiency levels are certified. The regulatory authority faces a trade-off in choosing the socially optimal cutoff: The regulator would like to raise the standard to reduce emissions but needs to lower it in order to induce technology adoption. There are three important...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecolabeling; Emissions; Product differentiation; Technology adoption; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; D43; L13; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9949

Environmental Law and Public Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Revesz,   Richard L.; Stavins,   Robert N.
This chapter provides an economic perspective of environmental law and policy with regard to both normative and positive dimensions. It begins with an examination of the central problem in environmental regulation: the tendency of pollution generators in an unconstrained market economy to externalize some of the costs of their production, leading to an inefficiently large amount of pollution. We examine the ends of environmental policy, that is, the setting of goals and targets, beginning with normative issues, notably the Kaldor-Hicks criterion and the related method of assessment known as benefit-cost analysis. We examine this analytical method in detail, including its theoretical foundations and empirical methods of estimation of compliance costs and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental economics; Environmental law; Efficiency; Cost-effectiveness; Benefit-cost analysis; Environmental federalism; Environmental Economics and Policy; K320; Q280; Q380; Q480.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10742

Environmental Lifecycle Assessment for Policy Decision-Making and Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rajagopal,   Deepak; Zilberman,   David.
A key argument in the societal debate against polices to support biofuels is that production of these alternative fuels may in fact consume more energy than they generate and emit more greenhouse gases than they sequester (Fargione et al., 2008; Searchinger et al., 2008; Rajagopal and Zilberman, 2007; Farrell et al., 2006; Pimentel and Patzek, 2005). Metrics like net energy value, net carbon value and net petroleum offset are the basis for comparing the various fuels and are the source of these debates. The technique that underlies the calculation of these metrics is called lifecycle assessment or lifecycle analysis (LCA). A central aspect of LCA (described in detail in the next section) is it assumes linear technologies and produces outcomes that are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49090

Environmental lobbying with imperfect public monitoring of environmental quality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beard,   Rodney; Mallawaarachchi,   Thilak; Salerno,   Gillian.
In this paper we present a two stage game of political lobbying for policies designed to enhance environmental quality. Unlike previous work which has tended to assume perfect monitoring of environmental quality in lobbying games we allow for imperfect monitoring of environmental quality. We characterize perfect public (politico-economic) equilibria in the game for the case of both perfect and imperfect monitoring of environmental quality and compare these with imperfect private monitoring of environmental quality. Results are discussed with respect to farmer behaviour in the context of non-point source pollution and implications for the political consequences of farm extension programmes highlighted.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Game theory; Public choice; Imperfect public monitoring; Imperfect private monitoring; Non-point source pollution; Agricultural extension; Public education; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10391

Environmental Management in Kenya's Arid and Semi-Arid Lands: An Overview
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Southgate,   Chris; Hulme,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30572

Environmental Management in the Russian Federation: A Next Generation Enigma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wernstedt,   Kris.
Environmental managers in Russia face severe problems, both from Soviet-era and continuing environmental degradation and due to the weakness of current institutions with responsibilities for environmental protection. This paper draws on surveys, a case study of water pollution, and workshops on Russian environmental decision-making to explore prospects for environmental improvements. Using concepts from the regulatory reform literature on next-generation environmental policies, it focuses on the use of market incentives, the construction of a civil society, and community involvement, and emphasizes that Russian nongovernmental organizations may have a particularly important role to play in improving environmental management. Solidifying their legal base,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Russia; Environmental management; Non-governmental organizations; Water quality; Siberia; Transitioning countries; Next-generation environmental policies; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10711

Environmental Mechanism Designs in a New Order of Regulatory Capitalism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Centner,   Terence J.; Wetzstein,   Michael E.
Complexity of environmental programs is most apparent with information asymmetries, making the design of efficient mechanisms particularly challenging.  As developed theoretically in this paper, a new regulatory capitalism paradigm mating voluntary agreements with environmental education can produce outcomes at least as efficient as voluntary agreements alone.  Such a design exploits a key difference between voluntary agreements versus educational programs in terms of their impact on agents' incentive compatibilities.  Specifically, in a principal-agent model, voluntary agreements are associated with an incentive-compatibility constraint, whereas educational programs are not.  The efficient bundle will likely consist of a set of education programs and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Command and control; Environmental education; Environmental policy; Voluntary agreements; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9357

Environmental Options and Technological Innovation: An Evolutionary Game Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antoci,   Angelo; Borghesi,   Simone; Galeotti,   Marcello.
This paper analyses the effects on economic agents' behaviour of an innovative environmental protection mechanism that the Public Administration of a tourist region may adopt to attract visitors while protecting the environment. On the one hand, the Public Administration sells to the tourists an environmental call option that gives them the possibility of being (partially or totally) reimbursed if the environmental quality in the region turns out to be below a given threshold level. On the other hand, it offers the firms that adopt an innovative, non-polluting technology an environmental put option that allows them to get a reimbursement for the additional costs imposed by the new technology if the environmental quality is above the threshold level. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Bonds; Call and Put Options; Technological Innovation; Evolutionary Dynamics; Environmental Economics and Policy; C73; D62; G10; O30; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55289

Environmental Participation and Environmental Motivation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Torgler,   Benno; Garcia-Valinas,   Maria A.; Macintyre,   Alison.
We explore whether environmental motivation affects environmental behavior by focusing on volunteering. The paper first introduces a theoretical model of volunteering in environmental organizations. In a next step, it tests the hypothesis working with a large micro data set covering 32 countries from both Western and Eastern Europe using several different proxies to measure environmental motivation. Our results indicate that environmental motivation has a strong impact on individuals’ voluntary engagement in environmental organizations. A higher level of environmental motivation due to higher environmental moral standards may lead to a stronger voluntary involvement in environmental organizations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Participation; Environmental Motivation; Environmental  Morale; Pro-environmental Attitudes; Social Capital; Environmental Economics and Policy; D11; H41; H26; H73; D64.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46652

Environmental Perceptions and Behavioral Change of Hillside Farmers: The Case of Haiti
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bayard,   Budry; Jolly,   Curtis M.
Land degradation is one of the most serious problems facing resource-poor tropical hillside farmers. Studies examining determinants of farmers’ decisions to invest in land improvement technologies have focused on economic and financial factors, neglecting individuals’ perceptions and awareness of the problems and how they affect land use and behavioral change that enhance environmental sustainability. This study examines Haitian peasants’ environmental behavior structure using a structural equation modeling approach. Specifically, the study examines the effects of perceived susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, and barriers to change on attitude, and the causal effect of attitude on behavior. The influence of the level of resources extracted from the land...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farmers; Environment; Perception; Behaviour and degradation; Agricultural productivity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36804

Environmental Performance and Regional Innovation Spillovers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Costantini,   Valeria; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Montini,   Anna.
The achievement of positive environmental performance at national level could strongly depend on differences in local capabilities of both institutions and the private business sector. Environmental regulation alone is a weak instrument if the institutional and business environment cannot transform regulation strengths into opportunities. In this paper, we use the new environmental accounting matrix for polluting emissions now available for the 20 Italian Regions that covers 24 sectors and combines a shift-share approach with spatial econometric modelling. We provide evidence of the role played by internal innovation, innovation spillovers and regional policies in shaping the geographical distribution of environmental performance achievements.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Performance; Technological Innovation; Regional Spillovers; Polluting Emissions; Italian Regions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q55; Q56; R15.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94790

ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS AND EXECUTIVE-EMPLOYEE RISK SHARING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goldsmith,   Peter D.; Basak,   Rishi.
A principal-agent approach is used to address issues of environmental risk sharing within a firm.  The principal (top management), fearing penalties for environmental damages, wants to avoid environmental harm and induce the agent (employee manipulating hazardous materials) to take appropriate actions to achieve due diligence.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21546

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ANALYSIS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: A REVIEW OF RECENT ECONOMIC LITERATURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattarai,   Madhusudan; Hammig,   Michael D.
This paper provides a synthesis of recent literature dealing with the institutional environment, policy framework, and economic instruments used in policy analysis related to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity resources.  The paper analyzes the economic consequences of alternative policy options and summarizes the application of these economic issues in the formulation of biodiversity protection policy.  The paper also concludes that the proper understanding of underlying institutions and, if needed, institutional reforming procedures are also required to provide appropriate incentive structures for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity resources.  Illustrations of these principles and examples are taken from published accounts...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Conservation; Resource management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q3.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18810

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND NATURAL-RESOURCE-BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phipps,   Tim T.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17150

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN ANIMAL AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norris,   Patricia E.; Thurow,   Amy Purvis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11660

Environmental policy and wage setting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campo,   Maria Luz.
This paper studies the interaction between the performance of firms and unions and the environmental policy chosen by governments when there is a negative environmental externality from production of a good which only affects the country where the firm is located. I assume that governments choose an upper limit on emissions, unions choose the wage rates and firms choose the employment level. Specifically, I analyze the effect that unionized labor markets have on environmental policy.   Resumen: En este artículo estudiamos el efecto del comportamiento de empresas y trabajadores sobre la política medioambiental, cuando existe contaminación local. Suponemos que el gobierno elige la política medioambiental, basada en un límite sobre las emisiones, mientras que...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Monopoly union model; Emission standards; Environmental Economics and Policy; J30; J51; Q28.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28730

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY CONSIDERATIONS IN THE GRAIN-LIVESTOCK SUBSECTORS IN CANADA, MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ervin,   David E.; Fox,   Glenn.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16754

Environmental Policy, Education and Growth with Finite Lifetime: the Role of Abatement Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pautrel,   Xavier.
This note shows that the assumptions about the abatement technology modify the impact of the environmental taxation (both the size and the “direction”) on the long-run growth driven by human capital accumulation à la Lucas (1988), when the source of pollution is private consumption and lifetime is finite. When the human capital’s share in the abatement services production is higher (respectively lower) than in the final output production, a higher environmental tax reduces (resp. increases) the allocation of human capital in production sectors (abatement service and final output) and boostes (resp. decreases) the BGP rate of growth. When abatement services are produced with the final output, the environmental taxation does not influence growth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Growth; Environment; Overlapping Generations; Human capital; Finite Lifetime; Abatement; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91003

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY HARMONIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lindsey,   Patricia J.; Bohman,   Mary.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16915

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY HARMONIZATION: COMMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fox,   Glenn.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16892

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: IMPACTS ON NATURAL-RESOURCE-BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Robert P.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17139

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ISSUES:  CHAOS AND CONFUSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Noh,   Laird.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17478

Environmental Policy Issues for Sustainable Economic Development in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burnett,   Kimberly M.; Roumasset,   James A.
A central pillar of the sustainability movement is the call to include environmental accounting in standard measures of economic performance. This increased transparency would, in principle, mitigate the temptation of economic managers and policy makers to increase growth in material consumption at the expense of the environment. Moreover, as Repetto (1989) and others have argued, deducting depreciation of produced capital from NNP but not deducting depreciation of natural capital is inconsistent and debases NNP as a possible indicator of welfare. Based on the evidence available, it appears that while GNNP is substantially less than NNP, these adjustments do not adversely compromise existing estimates of economic growth for China.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25559

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY REFORM: A TAXONOMY OF ECONOMISTS' PERSPECTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shabman,   Leonard A.; Stephenson,   Kurt.
As the environmental policy recommendations of economists become more acceptable, differences in the professional understanding of, and support for, different policy forms are becoming more apparent. These different approaches to environmental policy and research are described around a taxonomy of four perspectives: "rational analysts," "cost analysts", "market managers," and "free market environmentalists." These perspectives are compared and contrasted. Recognition of these differences can result in a better appreciation of the different research agendas of economists and can improve clarity in teaching and policy advising.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic incentives; Environmental policy; Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15225

Environmental Policy Since Earth Day I: What Do We Know About the Benefits and Costs?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Freeman,   A. Myrick, III.
Data on costs and benefits of the major environmental laws passed during the 1970s are reviewed. The winners in terms of benefit-cost analysis include: getting lead out of gasoline, controlling particulate air pollution, reducing the concentration of lead in drinking water, and the cleanup of hazardous waste sites with the lowest cost per cancer case avoided under Superfund. The losers include: mobile source air pollution control, water pollution control, and many of the regulations and cleanup decisions taken under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, and Superfund.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31474

Environmental Policy, Spatial Spillovers and the Emergence of Economic Agglomerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kyriakopoulou,   Efthymia; Xepapadeas,   Anastasios.
We explain the spatial concentration of economic activity, in a model of economic geography, when the cost of environmental policy - which is increasing in the concentration of emissions - and an immobile production factor act as centrifugal forces, while positive knowledge spillovers and iceberg transportation costs act as centripetal forces. We study the agglomeration effects caused by trade-offs between centripetal and centrifugal forces. The above effects govern firms’ location decisions and as a result, they define the distribution of economic activity across space. We derive the rational expectations equilibrium and the social optimum, compare the outcomes and characterize the optimal spatial policies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agglomeration; Spatial Economics; Environmental Policy; Knowledge Spillovers; Transportation Cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; R3; Q5; H2.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54289

Environmental Policy, Technology Substitution, and Cross-Media Transfers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Osei,   Edward; Babcock,   Bruce A.
We consider the implications of cross-media transfers for the analysis of environmental policy and technology substitution.  We discuss welfare implications from the standpoint of society and of the firm.  Society's solution is shown to lead to the least level of damage, output, and waste treatment costs.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Isopollution; Augmented isodamage; Isocost; Cross-media transfers; Technology substitution; Optimization; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18361

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: THE LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY AGENDA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olexa,   Michael T.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17135

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND POLICIES IN CHINA'S TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taketoshi,   Kazuki.
The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze economic and policy factors affecting pollution by Township and Village Industrial Enterprises (TVIEs) in China and to discuss problems and directions in environmental policies for them. With the rapid growth of TVIEs since the early 1980s, pollution has been spreading into the rural areas. The large number and small size of TVIEs makes it difficult for TVIEs themselves and the government to implement environmental measures. The econometric analyses with the provincial data of National Survey of Pollution by TVIEs (NSPT) show that COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) intensity is decreased by investment in wastewater treatment facilities and by more efficient technologies, indicated by higher labor productivity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18766

Environmental Priorities for the District of Columbia: A Report to the Summit Fund
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davies,   Terry; Darnall,   Nicole.
This paper examines and ranks the District of Columbia's environmental problems. Four criteria are used to determine each problem's severity: public opinion of the problem, health effects, the number of people affected, and ecological and welfare effects. Public opinion is measured via 345 city resident and 23 stakeholder interviews. Stakeholders included environmental experts familiar with issues in the District. Health and ecological effects are captured by analyzing both the EPA's and District of Columbia's environmental data. The results show that the top four problems facing the city, in order of importance, are: drinking water, air pollution, the Anacostia River, and lead poisoning. Several recommendations for resolving the District's problems are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10891

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ECONOMIC REFORM IN RUSSIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kolstad,   Charles D.; Golub,   Alexander.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11905

Environmental Protection and Economic Well-Being: How Does (and How Should) Government Balance These Two Important Values?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
The organizers of an Aspen Institute conference have identified what they characterize as "the critical conundrum" - how business, government, and communications media balance the competing values of economic growth and a healthy environment. In this paper, prepared for discussion at the conference, I focus on government policy, and ask how government integrates economic concerns into its development of environmental policies. In addition, I ask whether and how government should carry out such integration of economic and environmental concerns. I consider two dimensions of environmental policy, which are closely interrelated but conceptually distinct: (1) what is the appropriate (and actual) degree of government activity; and (2) what form should (and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10565

Environmental protection of agriculture -clash of policies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helin,   Janne.
Agricultural primary production is extensively influenced by policies and regulation. On the level of European Union the common agricultural policy (CAP), frames the production environment. This study analyses the conflict of environmental and income policies in the context of CAP reform, eutrophication, the Water Framework Directive and Finnish policies. As targets of the policies do not coincide and often conflict, the environmental problems of farming have not been solved in the past decades. The comparative analysis is conducted quantitatively under static non-linear optimisation framework of representative farms of cereal and milk production regions of Finland. The results indicate that the decoupling of subsidies from production has enabled more...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutrient; Abatement cost; Non-point source pollution; Agriculture; CAP; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6468

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WITH POLICIES FOR SALE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schleich,   Joachim.
This paper generalizes the Grossman-Helpman political economy model to characterize the structure of environmental and industry protection for a small open economy when domestic and/or trade policies are the outcome of a noncooperative common agency game between sector-specific producer lobbies and the government. For a consumption externality, the political equilibrium results if domestic and trade policies are available, are production-enhancing protection of organized industries, but the same environmental protection as Pigouvian taxes. Subsidies to organized industries counterbalance environmental taxes when there is a production externality, and it is ambiguous whether domestic or trade policy alone leads to more environmental protection. In addition,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51207

Environmental Provisions in Free Trade Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Numbers of free trade ageements and those with environmental provisons have grownn rapidly. Enviomental measures include those to protect and enhance the environment, environmental cooperation and citizen particpation activties.  Many appear to have made important contributions to environmental activities although often constrained by limited funds.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Free trade; Trade agreements; Environment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123723

Environmental Provisions in Recent Regional Trade Agreements (2008 &amp; 2009)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Despite a failure to achieve closure on the Doha Round of WTO negotiations, regional and bilateral trade agreements involving a variety of countries have continued to be negotiated, signed and implemented. Most of the recent trade agreements have contained some environmental provisions, ranging from a pledge to protect the environment to very extensive environmental requirements. These results appear to reflect a recognition that trade has environmental consequences and that trade agreements can be constructed to help mitigate such effects.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environment; Environmental provisions; Free trade; Trade agreements; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90937

Environmental Provisions in Trade Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Trade and environmental issues are interrelated, have become part of the negotiating process for free trade agreements, and are included in a substantial number of such agreements since being included in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NATA) and the Marakesh Agreement from Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations.  Although the NAFTA agreement contained extensive environmental provisions and institutional mechanisms for their implementation in its environmental side agreement, most of those signed since that time are more modest.  Typically they contain provisions for environmental cooperation, pledges to enforce environmental laws and to not to weaken their enforce so as to become environmental havens, and when developing countries are included pledges...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19103

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND LAND VALUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Second Annual Conference on Agricultural Policy and the Environment; Proceedings of a Conference Sponsored by University of Minnesota, Center for International Food and Agricultural Policy; Agricultural Development Regional Agency (ESAV); University of Padova; Lake Itasca, Minnesota, September 22-29, 1990, Volume I  Contents:  Agricultural and Environmental Policy Developments 1989-90, by C. Ford Runge  Land Values and Environmental Regulation, by Michael D. Boehlje, Philip M. Raup and Kent D. Olson  Methods of Land Valuation for Administrative Purposes, by M. Grillenzoni, G.M. Bazzani and A. Ragazzoni  Determinants of Farm Real Estate Values, by F. Mari and L. Venzi  Groundwater Contamination and the Management of a Conjunctive Ground and Surface Water...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13399

Environmental Quality and Long Run Tourism Development a Cyclical Perspective for Small Island Tourist Economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giannoni,   Sauveur; Maupertuis,   Marie-Antoinette.
As tourism is becoming one of the most important sectors of the world economy, the number of small islands trying to develop a competitive tourist activity is increasing and this strategy appears as growth enhancing. In most cases, it is built on the environmental quality of the destination but also on lodging infrastructures and related services that tourists deserve in order to enjoy a good experience. This paper explores the inter-temporal trade-off between tourist investments and environmental quality preservation needed to ensure population revenues in the long run. It highlights possible cyclical evolution of environmental quality, tourist infrastructures, investments and tourist frequentation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12147

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF ANIMAL AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Laura L.; Norris,   Patricia E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33267

Environmental Quality in a Differentiated Duopoly
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farzin,   Y. Hossein; Akao,   Ken-Ichi.
In a duopoly industry with environmentally differentiated products, we examine the effects of introducing a mandatory environmental quality standard on firms'’ environmental quality choices, profits, and the average environmental quality offered by the industry. We show that at low standard levels, both firms choose to overcomply regardless of the standard level. At intermediate levels, the mandatory standard can reduce the profit of the low-cost firm while increasing that of the high-cost firm, and that it can lower the industry’'s average environmental quality below what it would be without the standard.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12183

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INCENTIVES PROGRAM: WHY ARE SO MANY CONTRACTS BEING CANCELLED?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cattaneo,   Andrea.
This paper analyzes why USDA's Environmental Quality Incentives Program has a high rate of contract withdrawals. Using a logit model we examine whether withdrawals are linked to: (i)farmers bidding for payments that are too low, (ii)a learning phase about the program, (iii)the types of conservation practices included in a contract.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20597

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abel,   Fred H.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17328

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND GLOBALIZATION IN THE COASTAL FISHERY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chakravorty,   Ujjayant; Fisher,   Donna K.
Most coastal fisheries in the U.S. and other developed economies are going through a major transition.  On the one hand, new technologies such as electronic enhancement to assist trawling have led to a decline in the unit cost of fishing, making it more economically efficient.  On the other hand, this improved efficiency has possibly led to increased environmental damage.  This has led to conflicts between fishermen and conservation groups. In the past, the main policy issue confronting fishery managers was the task of ensuring that stocks were managed at levels that sustained employment and profits in the fishing industry.  However, in recent years, the dynamics of the coastal fishery has changed dramatically.  More and more affluent people have settled...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22082

Environmental regulation and horizontal mergers in the eco-industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Canton,   Joan; David,   Maia; Sinclair-Desgagne,   Bernard.
This paper considers the environmental policy and welfare implications of a merger between environment firms (i.e., firms managing environmental resources or supplying pollution abatement goods and services). The traditional analysis of mergers in Cournot oligopolies is extended in two ways. First, we show how environmental policy affects the incentives of environment firms to merge. Second, we stress that mergers in the eco-industry impact welfare beyond what is observed in other sectors, due to an extra effect on pollution abatement efforts; this might lead to disagreements between an anti-trust agency seeking to limit market concentration which can be detrimental to consumer surplus and a benevolent regulator who maximizes total welfare.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Eco-industry; Environmental policy; Horizontal mergers; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; D62; H23; L11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44456

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR COMPETITIVENESS IN INTERNATIONAL PORK TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Metcalfe,   Mark R.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14565

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR COMPETITIVENESS IN INTERNATIONAL PORK TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Metcalfe,   Mark R.
Environmental concerns linked to hog production are growing in the United States, Canada, and the European Union.  New regulations controlling animal manure management are being imposed to address these concerns.  This study determines that potential increases in U.S. and Canadian environmental regulation would have minimal effects on the relative competitiveness of pork exports for these countries.  By contrast, more stringent European Union regulations have potential to significantly reduce EU competitiveness and contribute to the trend of increasing export market share for U.S. and Canadian pork products.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31083

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. PORK EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Metcalfe,   Mark R.
Environmental concerns linked to hog production are growing in the United States and the European Union and therefore new regulations controlling animal manure management are being imposed to address these concerns. This study determines that potential increases in U.S. environmental regulation would have minimal effects on the relative competitiveness of U.S. pork exports, while much more stringent EU regulation has the potential to significantly impact EU competitiveness and contribute to continued increases in U.S. pork export quantities.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21808

Environmental Regulation and Industry Location
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mulatu,   Abay; Gerlagh,   Reyer; Rigby,   Dan; Wossink,   Ada.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/20/09.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pollution Haven Hypothesis; Comparative Advantage; Industry Location; Environmental Economics and Policy; O14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47176

Environmental regulation and international trade patterns for agro-industrial under a South-North Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feix,   Rodrigo Daniel; Miranda,   Silvia Helena Galvao de; Barros,   Geraldo Sant'Ana de Camargo.
This paper aims at examining the relation between the international trade and the environment, particularly focused on sensitive agribusiness sectors. It consists on an empirical test to the conflicting positions supported by economists, some following the traditional approach (trade-off or neoclassical), while others supporting the Porter’s hypothesis, which considers that impacts of the stricter environmental regulation can benefit the trade competitiveness. A Heckscher-Ohlin- Vanek model was applied to net exports as the dependent variable. The agricultural products analyzed were total agriculture, rice, maize, soybean, wheat, dairy and swine; run for 97 countries, divided as developing and developed, in a cross-section approach. This modeling allows...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Environmental regulation; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44329

Environmental Regulation and the Export Dynamics of Energy Technologies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Costantini,   Valeria; Crespi,   Francesco.
The pollution haven hypothesis affirms that an open market regime will encourage the flow of low technology polluting industries toward developing countries, due to potential comparative advantages related to low environmental standards. In contrast, the hypothesis suggested by Porter and van der Linde claims for a competitive dynamic behaviour by innovating firms, allowing a global diffusion of environmental-friendly technologies. Environmental regulation may represent a relevant mechanism through which technological change is induced. In this way countries subject to more stringent environmental regulations may become net exporters of environmental technologies. This paper provides new evidence on the evolution of export flows of environmental...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Regulation; Trade and Environment; Energy Technologies; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; F21; Q43; Q55; Q56.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9550

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND THE OPTIMAL LOCATION OF THE FIRM UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Isik,   Murat.
This paper examines the optimal location of a competitive firm in response to environmental costs imposed by the abatement investment and taxes when the cost of the environmental regulation varies spatially under uncertainty. It contributes to the literature by incorporating the spatial setting into a risk-averse firm's location decisions in the presence of environmental regulation uncertainty. An increase in the cost of the environmental regulation moves a risk-averse firm closer to the output market. An augmented input or emission tax causes the risk-averse firm to locate closer to the output market. Uncertainty about environmental regulations in the form of the abatement investment and taxes also leads a risk-averse firm to locate closer to the output...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk aversion; Uncertainty; Regulation; Market-based policies.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; R38; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22066

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION IN VERTICALLY COORDINATED INDUSTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aggarwal,   Rimjhim; Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Many notable pollution problems occur in industries where production is carried out under vertical coordination arrangements that are characterized by conditions of double moral hazard.  In contrast to situations characterized by full information, we show that standard prescriptions of environmental economics do not apply.  Imposing a Pigouvian tax equal to the marginal cost of pollution does not lead to the first best level of pollution.  The equilibrium levels of production and pollution are not independent of which agent is taxed.  Making either agent or the industry as a whole financially liable for full environmental damage at the margin similarly does not lead to a first best level of pollution.  On the contrary, under conditions of double moral...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28562

Environmental Regulation, Market Power and Price Discrimination in the Agricultural Chemical Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Vincent H.; Johnson,   James B.
Chemical companies generally support environmental regulatory segregation Canadian and U.S. agricultural chemical markets, apparently because it enables them to practice third order price discrimination.  This study provides new cross section evidence that suggests price discrimination is practiced.  We examine the potential implications chemical market desegregation for agricultural chemical prices, farmer welfare, and consumer welfare.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Price discrimination; Agricultural chemicals; Economic welfare; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19520

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION WITH INNOVATION AND LEARNING: RULES VERSUS DISCRETION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tarui,   Nori; Polasky,   Stephen.
We analyze a model of environmental regulation with learning about environmental damages and endogenous choice of emissions abatement technology by a polluting firm.  We compare environmental policy under discretion, in which policy is updated upon learning new information, versus under rules, in which policy is not updated.  When investment in abatement technology is made prior to the resolution of uncertainty, neither discretion nor rules with either taxes or standards achieve an efficient solution.  When there is little uncertainty, rules are superior to discretion because discretionary policy gives the firm an incentive to distort investment in order to influence future regulation.  However, when uncertainty is large, discretion is superior to rules...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21911

Environmental Regulations and Agricultural Competitiveness
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
The cost of meeting environmental regulations can be a critical factor in determining the competitiveness of a product, since the cost advantages of producers in one country are often very slim. The existence of negative externalities means that prices are lower than would prevail if all costs where included in the prices of the products. Additional costs associated with new regulations have an effect on the continued importance of a country's agricultural exports. Governments often assist their agricultural sectors in overcoming the disadvantages through subsidies, tax breaks, technical assistance or other means. This assistance increasingly takes the form of green payments, which are currently exempt from the WTO limits imposed on domestic subsidies....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Agricultural trade; Competitiveness; Environment; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23846

Environmental Regulations and Agricultural Competitiveness: Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "Environment Regulations and Agricultural Competitiveness" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23849

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND COMPETITIVENESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Costs of environmental regulations, although relatively small, can be critical in the competitiveness of a product since the cost advantages of producers in one country are often very slim.  Additional costs derived from new regulations are a factor in the continued importance of exports and of the maintaining or increasing a nation’s share of the international market.  Governments try to assist their industries in overcoming the disadvantages caused by such added cost through subsidies, tax breaks, technical assistance or in other ways.  In agriculture these are increasingly taking the form of green payments, which are currently exempt from the limits imposed on domestic subsidies.  In addition to these mechanisms for addressing the environment, there...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19100

Environmental Regulations and Livestock Production Levels: What is the Direction of Causality?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Herath,   Deepananda P.B.; Weersink,   Alfons; Thrikawala,   Sunil.
Fundamental to the assertion that environmental regulatory standards are strategically set by decentralized authorities and consequently firms respond to spatial differences in regulatory standards is the underline causal relationship. Establishing the cause-effect association between regulatory standard setting and industry response is essential to justify the existence of the pollution haven and the potential for a race to the bottom.  In this paper using 25 years data of the livestock production intensities for hog, dairy and fed cattle sectors and environmental regulatory stringency measure from 1975 to 2000 for 48 contiguous states we explore whether the direction of causality as suggested by race to the bottom hypothesis is in fact supported by the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21482

Environmental Regulations and the Structure of U.S. Hog Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nene,   Gibson; Azzam,   Azzeddine M.; Schoengold,   Karina.
The U.S hog production industry has been continually subjected to rapid structural changes since the early 1990s. The industry's move towards more concentrated large hog farms and geographical concentration of such farms, have triggered public concerns over the dangers such big animal feeding operations are likely to pose to the waters of the country. This study investigates the implications of state-level environmental regulations on the structure of hog farms. The results of this study suggest that environmental regulations will result in one of three possible scenarios: (1) a more competitive industry in which small hog operations are not adversely affected which will allow more small operations to enter rather than exit the industry; (2) a more...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Perfect competition; U.S. hog production industry; Environmental regulations; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49395

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AS CONSTRAINTS TO AGRICULTURE: A DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norris,   Patricia E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15409

Environmental Regulations of Land-use and Public Compensation: Principles with Swiss and Australian Examples
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seidl,   Irmi; Tisdell,   Clement A.; Harrison,   Stephen R.
This paper discusses regulation of rural land-use and compensation, both of which appear to have become more common but also more disputed. The implications of contemporary theories in relation to this matter are examined. Coverage includes the applicability of new welfare economics, the relevance of the neoclassical theory of politics, and the implications of contemporary theories of social conflict resolution and communication. Examining case studies of Swiss and Australian regulation of the use of rural properties and the ensuing conflicts, it is found that many decisions reflect a mixture of these elements. Rarely, if ever, are social decisions in this area made solely on the basis of welfare economics, for instance social cost-benefit analysis. Only...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Compensation for takings; Conservation; Environmental regulation; Property rights; Rural land-use; Switzerland; Welfare economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48366

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY REFORM AND THE UNHOLY TRINITY: UNFUNDED MANDATES, RISK ASSESSMENT, AND PROPERTY RIGHTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Infanger,   Craig L.
Major regulatory reform issues which involve environmental policy include issues of unfunded mandates, risk assessment, and property rights. Each of these proposed reforms involves major changes in environmental policies with impacts on different groups. Property rights is the core issue in Congress and state legislatures, with both regulatory takings and just compensation being the major parameters. Economists can participate effectively in this policy debate with successful research and education programs addressing the divisive issues.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulatory reform; Property rights; Risk assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15223

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY REFORM: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norris,   Patricia E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15239

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY REFORM: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Park,   William M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15238

Environmental Remediation Law and Economies in Transition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyd,   James.
The paper discusses the design of environmental remediation laws in countries struggling with fundamental market and institutional reforms. Optimal cleanup standards, liability rules, and enforcement are discussed from the standpoint of both economic efficiency and practical implementation. Particular attention is paid to financing mechanisms and issues that arise during privatization.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental remediation; Liability; Privatization; Transitional economies; Environmental Economics and Policy; K32; P21; Q28.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10721

Environmental Restoration of Invaded Ecosystems: How Much Versus How Often?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranjan,   Ram.
This paper derives the optimal level of restorative efforts required to restore environments degraded by invasive species invasion. Specific attention is focused upon a case when the restoration efforts face the risk of failure through relapse of the restored environment. The level of restored environment may also play a role in its future improvement or susceptibility to failure. The tradeoff between the optimal level of environmental quality and number of restorative efforts required to attain that given environmental quality is analyzed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental restoration; Resiliency; Restoration failure; Invasive species; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15661

Environmental Restoration of Invaded Ecosystems: How Much Versus How Often?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranjan,   Ram.
Replaced with revised version of paper 12/15/05.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental restoration; Resilience; Restoration failure; Invasive Species; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19135

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK AND AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY DESIGN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horan,   Richard D.; Claassen,   Roger; Cooper,   Joseph C.
Agricultural nonpoint pollution is inherently stochastic (e.g., due to weather).  In theory, this randomness has implications for the choice and design of policy instruments.  However, very few empirical studies have modeled natural variability.  This paper investigates the importance of stochastic processes for the choice and design of alternative nonpoint instruments. The findings suggest that not explicitly considering the stochastic processes in the analysis can produce significantly biased results.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21827

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARD AND SAFETY-FIRST CONSTRAINTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Intarapapong,   Walaiporn; Hite,   Diane; Renck,   Ashley Wood.
The uncertainty weather condition could pose some challenge in achieving environmental target. In this study, we use a bioeconomic model to calculate the impacts of alternative management systems. Under different safety-first constraints on the levels of environmental runoff, obtaining from APEX, optimal net return of alternative cropping practices is estimated.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36673

Environmental Risk Factors, Health and the Labor Market Response of Married Men and Women in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veronesi,   Marcella.
Cost-benefit analyses of health and safety regulations require estimates of the benefits of reducing pollution, and hence the risks of pollution-caused illnesses. Lost work income constitutes an important component of monetized benefits. This paper examines the impact of married men and women’s health conditions potentially caused or exacerbated by environmental exposures on their labor force participation, hours of work, and weekly earnings. I focus on cancer, stroke, ischemic heart disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. The analysis is based on data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey for U.S. households from 1996 to 2002.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98552

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE HORTICULTURAL INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parker,   Douglas D.; Helal,   Uddin.
This paper uses environmental risk assessment as a nutrient management planning tool to determine the best set of actions to control nutrient nonpoint source pollution in the horticultural industry.  The framework minimizes costs subject to obtaining an environmental risk management score at or below a threshold value.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21752

Environmental Security and its Implications for China’s Foreign Relations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mochizuki,   Junko; Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
China’s emerging standing in the world demands a major rethinking of its diplomatic strategies. Given its population size, geographical scale, economic power and military presence, China is poised to play a larger political role in the twenty-first century, and is thus perceived by the international community to have greater capacities, capabilities and responsibilities. At the same time, environmental stresses caused by China’s energy and resources demands have become increasingly evident in recent years, urging China to cultivate delicate diplomatic relations with its neighbors and strategic partners. Tensions have been seen in areas such as transboundary air pollution, cross-border water resources management and resources exploitation, and more recently...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Acid Rain; Climate Change; Energy; Environmental Security; Transboundary Air Pollution; Water Resource Management; Asia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q34; Q48; Q42; Q53; Q54; Q56; Q58; O13; P28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102508

Environmental Services, Externalities and Agriculture: The Case of Mountain Tourism in Morocco
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khalil,   Allali.
This study uses hedonic pricing techniques to estimate the value of agricultural amenities in Morocco's High Atlas Mountains. The analysis is limited to positive externalities related to land use, providing indicators to better inform policy decisions effecting rural and agricultural development. Advantages linked to landscape planning and its contribution to sustaining the tourism activity are documented. Amenities specific to mountain agriculture have a positive influence on the tourist accommodation rental market and particularly on farmhouses. These advantages include joint products linked to the farmhouses bordering cultivated areas, the scenery value of annual crops, the shade and attractiveness provided by walnut trees and the presence of domestic...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural landscape values; Hedonic valuation; Morocco; Rural development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12010

Environmental Services Programs for the Chesapeake Bay
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shabman,   Leonard A.; Rose,   Bob; Stephenson,   Kurt.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem Services; Payment for Ecosystem Services; Water Quality; Chesapeake Bay; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q53; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117405

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND DIRTY EXPORTS: A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF 24 COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   John S.; Sewadeh,   Mirvat; Otsuki,   Tsunehiro.
This paper examines how the stringency of environmental regulations impact international trade patterns. It explores the hypothesis that environmental regulation does not have a significant impact on trade. An econometric analysis is conducted for 24 countries ranging from highly developed to extremely poor to investigate whether environmental regulations have a significant impact on countries exports of pollution intensive goods. This econometric model extends Leamer (1984)'s cross-section Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) model by incorporating measures of stringency of environmental regulation. Correlation between capital intensity and exports are mitigated by grouping the sample countries.  The results suggest that Metal, Steels, Pulp and Paper, and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20526

ENVIRONMENTAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: USING LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT TO STRUCTURE SUPPLY CHAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hagelaar,   Geoffrey J.L.F.; van der Vorst,   Jack G.A.J.
In recent years increasing attention has been given to environmental supply chain management (ESCM).  One of the supporting instruments of ESCM is life cycle assessment (LCA).  The idea of integrating LCA into supply chains is gaining more support among research institutes and companies.  However, we conclude that there are no guidelines for this integration.  In this paper we argue that inline with a differentiation between environmental care chain strategies and environmental chain performances, a differentiation between types of LCAs should be made; i.e., between compliance-, process- and market-oriented LCAs.  To execute these different types of LCAs, the chain structure should be attuned to meet the specific requirements of these types.  By discussing...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34459

Environmental Targets and Shadow Prices of Bad Outputs in Organic and Conventional Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huhtala,   Anni; Marklund,   Per-Olov.
We present a framework for deriving shadow prices for negative environmental impacts regulated in agriculture. The shadow prices can be used as indicators of the costs of environmental regulation imposed as reflected in alternative farming technologies adopted. We illustrate our analytical findings with implications of the Finnish water protection policy measures on conventional and organic livestock farms over the period 1994-2002. Generally, the representative organic farm is found to be more technically efficient relative to its own technology than is the conventional representative farm. However, there is no statistical indication of a difference between these two particular representative farms in valuing the costs of undesirable output (manure) at...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental performance; Technology choices; Nutrient surplus; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; C21; Q12; Q21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24575

Environmental Tariffs: Will They Be Captured by Protectionists?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
Environmental tariffs appear to be a politically necessary part of the climate change policies that are emerging in many countries. The appeal of level playing field arguments is seductive and difficult to dispute. Environmental policy makers, however, may be naïve, because they fail to account for the potential of trade policy mechanisms and institutions to be captured by traditional vested interests seeking economic protection. The exact structures and institutional frameworks for environmental tariffs are often left vague by environmental policy makers, making them easy targets for protectionists. Environmental tariffs appear to be particularly vulnerable to capture given the complexity of production and the embryonic stage of the science of measuring...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Capture; Environmental tariffs; Level playing field; Protectionism; WTO; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91789

ENVIRONMENTAL TAX REVENUE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sziageti,   Cecilia.
There is a relationship between the rate of environmental taxation and the environmental consciousness of EU member states. The tax revenue collected in environmentally conscious member states is greater than that in the V-4 states (Visegrád states: Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland) or in the less environmentally conscious EU-15 states. Of the V-4 states, the environmental tax revenue is collected at the highest rate in the Czech Republic, which is the best situated in terms of the environment and the least amount of tax is collected in Hungary, where the environment is in the poorest state.                    XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX                         A környezeti adóbevételek százalékos aránya és a tagállamok környezeti tu-datossága...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: EU member states; V-4 states; Bettertainment of environment by taxes - EU tagállamok; V4 országok; A környezeti állapot javítás adókkal; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54343

Environmental Taxation and International Eco-Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Canton,   Joan.
Environmental policies are discussed when two countries differ in their ability to abate pollution. Northern eco-industries (the industry supplying abatement activities) are more efficient than Southern ones. Segmented environmental markets and a Northern monopoly yield identical second-best taxes in both countries. When markets are global, Southern countries underestimate the market power of eco-industries. Introducing competition creates positive (resp. negative) rent-shifting distortions in South (resp. North). Cooperation could reduce Northern pollution but has ambiguous consequences in South.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10274

Environmental Taxes: Dead or Alive?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morgenstern,   Richard D.
Both theory and recent trends suggest some optimism for the future of environment-related taxes. While new research emphasizes the potentially significant distortions created by environmental taxes and appears to undermine the so-called "double dividend" theory, it also suggests that virtually any environmental policy, including regulations, taxes, and tradable permits, can compound existing distortions in the tax system. Currently, direct environmental taxes, such as per-unit charges on emissions, are only in limited use; however, indirect environmental levies, including taxes on fuels, vehicles, beverage containers, and fertilizers, are growing in importance across the OECD nations. Over the period 1990-1993, environmental taxes as a share of total...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental taxes; Double dividend; Distortions; Tax shifts; Environmental Economics and Policy; D62; H21; H23.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10595

Environmental triage decisions during a drought
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gorddard,   Russell J.; Connor,   Jeffery D.; Ranjan,   Ram.
The Murray Darling Basin Current is currently in drought. There are low water levels in most dams, and increased uncertainty about future rainfall. As a result management of the ecosystems in the basin that depend on river flows involves some hard decisions about what assets to save and what assets to let go. This paper models this triage problem using a stochastic and dynamic programming approach. This model is used to identify how optimal management is affected by hysteretic and irreversible effects of drought on ecosystem assets and uncertainty about future climate.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Triage; Irreversibility; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47631

ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION UNDER DYNAMIC CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Jinhua; Kling,   Catherine L.
The paper presents two simple models of dynamic consumer behavior, both taking into consideration the implications for welfare measurement when agents can delay transactions while obtaining additional information. One model studies the effect when a purchased good is non-perishable and can be consumed in the future, while the other model introduces a perishable good, implying that the quantity of consumption can vary in each period. Even in the case of the perishable item, the availability of information at the time of the consumption decision has important implications for welfare measurement. Agents who must make a decision at the present but know that additional information will be available later may change their income allocation to take advantage of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18621

Environmental value and valuation over time
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scheufele,   Gabriela; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Time and value are related concepts that influence human behaviour. Although classical topics in human thinking throughout the ages, few environmental economic non-market valuation studies have attempted to link the two concepts. Economists have estimated non-market environmental values in monetary terms for over 30 years. This history of valuation provides an opportunity to compare value estimates and how valuation techniques have changed over time. This research aims to compare value estimates of benefits of a protected natural area. In 1978, Nadgee Nature Reserve on the far south coast of New South Wales was the focus of the first application of the contingent valuation method in Australia. This research aims to replicate that study using both the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental values; Temporal variability; Non-market valuation; Contingent valuation method; Choice experiments; Incentive compatibility; Natural resource management.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94805

Environmental water needs and impacts of irrigated agriculture in river basins:  A framework for a new research program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Water conservation; Irrigated farming; River basins; Environmental effects; Ecosystems; Water requirements; Water allocation; Catchment areas; Lagoons; Wetlands; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92695

Environmentalism in tourism: the connection of lifestyle, tourism and sustainable development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: David,   Lorant; Szucs,   Csaba.
In Adler’s theory the “style of life” refers to how we live, sort out difficulties, and manage our own personal relationships. He strongly believed that each one of us is a distinctive, unique individual with our own characteristic way of life. Since the term was coined in the early 20th century it is no wonder that the meaning of “lifestyle” has gone through enormous changes. These days it is more often used to express “a way of life or style of living that reflects the attitudes and values of a person or group”. Since globalisation is increasingly turning the world into a “global village” no wonder that lifestyle is changing faster than ever before. As a result “for tourism, this influences the tourist’s perception of his/her personal needs and behaviour...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmentalism; Tourism; Lifestyle; Sustainable development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48092

Environmentalists' Behaviour and Environmental Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Canton,   Joan.
In this partial equilibrium and static model, the impact of environmentalism on two countries' environmental policies is presented. First, the only (indirect) way environmentalists influence the choice of pollution taxes is through a negative term in the welfare function in Home. It is defined as passive environmentalism (PE). Second, this article is a first attempt to consider domestic environmentalists lobbying a foreign government. It is defined as active environmentalism (AE). Our contribution is threefold. We emphasize first that the way environmentalists act is paramount to study the consequences of their actions. Passive or active environmentalisms have very different impacts on environmental policies. Second, we show that lobbying activities can be...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmentalism; Lobby Groups; Positive Environmental Economics; Strategic Environmental Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; D72.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54303

Environmentally Adjusted Agricultural Productivity in the Great Plains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rezek,   Jon P.; Perrin,   Richard K.
This study adjusts 1960-1996 agricultural productivity gains in a panel of Great Plains states to account for the discharge of pesticide and nitrogen effluents into the environment. The agricultural-environmental technology is approximated with translog distance functions that allow us to contrast traditional versus environmentally adjusted productivity gains. Findings indicate technical change has been increasingly biased toward environmentally friendly production. While the environmental adjustment reduced overall productivity gains during the sample period, in recent years adjusted productivity outpaced the traditional measure, reflecting the pro-environment bias in technical change.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Distance function; Environmental externalities; Nitrogen; Pesticides; Technical change bias; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31112

Environmentally Adjusted Elasticity Measures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaik,   Saleem.
Here, using input, output and nitrogen pollution data related to one state, we propose to extend the elasticity concept to include environmental pollution treated as undesirable output to provide the environmentally adjusted elasticity measures for the period, 1936-1997 in a two-step procedure.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35645

Environmentally sustainable tourism: International and Hungarian relations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: David,   Lorant; Baros,   Zoltan.
Compliance with the principles of sustainability is now a general requirement with respect to any tourism strategy, tourism policy or management. Much has been written about the issue of sustainability and its relationship to tourism management and development. Still, their actual relationship is not always clear, and whilst a number of methodologies profess to be sustainable, there is no clear statement as to how that can be achieved. It is generally accepted, irrespective of the sustainability model used, that there are three key components or strands to sustainability: economic, social and environmental. It is in working towards a balance between the competing demands of all three components that progress towards sustainability can be achieved. One...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Tourism; Sustainable development; Environment; Turizmus; Fenntartható fejlődés; Környezet; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92542

Environmentally-Oriented Innovative Strategies and Firm Performances in Services. Micro-Evidence from Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cainelli,   Giulio; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Zoboli,   Roberto.
This paper aims at analysing the role of the environment in innovative strategies based on firm economic performance indicators such as employment, turnover, and labour productivity growth. We exploit a unique dataset of 773 Italian service firms with 20 or more employees comprising 1993-1995 CIS II data on firm innovation strategic motivations and 1995-1998 data on employment, turnover, and labour productivity from the System of the Enterprise Account (SEA). We specify a Gibrat-like empirical model in which the covariates include firm strategies (innovation and environmental), and a set of other explanatory variables and controls. Our econometric findings show a negative link between environmental motivations and growth in employment and turnover and a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Services; Firm Environmental Strategies; Firm Growth; CIS Survey; Innovation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C23; D21; O32; Q55.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6922

EPA Perspective: EPA National WQT Policy (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kibler,   Ginny.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8089

Equal Emissions per Capita over Time - A Proposal to Combine Responsibility and Equity of Rights
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bode,   Sven.
After Future climate policy regimes may be based on the Kyoto-Protocol or on other policy instruments such as carbon-taxes. Any effective regime based on the Protocol requires the determination of the concrete contributions by each Party. This involves namely the time of contribution and the quantification of the contribution itself. By now many proposals exist for the two issues, as for example thresholds like GDP per capita for the question of timing or emissions per capita for an allocation of emission rights. Based on the two justice principle responsibility and equity of rights that form the basis for the so-called Brazilian Proposal and Contraction &amp; Convergence respectively, a new approach is developed: Future emission rights are allocated on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Allocation of GHG emission entitlements; Brazilian Proposal; CDM; Contraction &amp; Convergence; Equity; Post 2012 climate regime; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26240

Equilibrium Welfare Impacts of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments in the Los Angeles Area
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tra,   Constant I.
This study develops a discrete choice locational equilibrium model to evaluate the benefits of the air quality improvements that occurred in the Los Angeles area following the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA). The discrete choice equilibrium approach accounts for the fact that air quality improvements brought about by the 1990 CAAA will change housing choices and prices. The study provides the first application of the discrete choice equilibrium framework (Anas, 1980, Bayer et al., 2005) to the valuation of large environmental changes. The study also provides new evidence for the distributional welfare impacts of the 1990 CAAA in the Los Angeles area. Households’ location choices are modeled according to the random utility framework of McFadden (1973)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit analysis; Ozone improvement; Locational equilibrium; Discrete choice; Environmental Economics and Policy; H0; Q28; R13; R21.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7341

Equitable Distribution of CDM Projects Among Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Silayan,   Alan.
The Clean Development Mechanism as a global flexible mechanism of the Kyoto protocol has a sound basis in theory which has led to its inclusion in the international climate regime. Current trends of the CDM show a clustering of projects towards a few larger developing countries. Contrary to the inclusion of more developing nations in the climate change process, present participation requirements of the CDM have unfortunately prevented 67% of developing nations from engaging in CDM projects. Distinct conditions among developing countries have led to different implementation circumstances. This, in turn, has triggered differences in the capacity to implement CDM projects. Moreover, project investors, in pursuit of an optimum investment portfolio, have had a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26098

Equity and CO2 emissions distribution in climate change integrated assessment modelling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cantore,   Nicola; Padilla,   Emilio.
Emissions distribution is a focus variable for the design of future international agreements to tackle global warming. This paper specifically analyses the future path of emissions distribution and its determinants in different scenarios. Whereas our analysis is driven by tools which are typically applied in the income distribution literature and which have recently been applied to the analysis of CO2 emissions distribution, a new methodological approach is that our study is driven by simulations run with a popular regionalised optimal growth climate change model over the 1995-2105 period. We find that the architecture of environmental policies, the implementation of flexible mechanisms and income concentration are key determinants of emissions...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9350

Equity and Justice in Global Warming Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kverndokk,   Snorre; Rose,   Adam Z.
Many countries are implementing or at least considering policies to counter increasingly certain negative impacts from climate change. An increasing amount of research has been devoted to the analysis of the costs of climate change and its mitigation, as well as to the design of policies, such as the international Kyoto Protocol, post-Kyoto negotiations, regional initiatives, and unilateral actions. Although most studies on climate change policies in economics have considered efficiency aspects, there is a growing literature on equity and justice. Climate change policy has important dimensions of distributive justice, both within and across generations, but in this paper we survey only studies on the intragenerational aspect, i.e., within a generation. We...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics of Climate Change; Intragenerational Equity; Distributive Justice; Environmental Economics and Policy; D62; D63; H23; H41; Q00.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44230

EQUITY IN DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS FROM WATER HARVESTING AND GROUNDWATER RECHARGE – AN ECONOMIC STUDY IN SUJALA WATERSHED PROJECT IN KARNATAKA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seema,   H.M.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.; Nagaraj,   N.
In this study, economic impact of water harvesting and groundwater recharging was analyzed in the context of Sujala watershed equity and efficiency in the distribution of benefits in Chitradurga district, Karnataka. Field data for 2004-05 (drought year) and 2005-06 (normal year) from 30 sample farmers in Sujala watershed form the data base for the study. Another sample of 30 farmers from Non-Sujala (or DPAP) watershed, and 30 from outside watershed area form the control. Farmers were further classified as: (i) those who had bore well irrigation; and (ii) those who had no borewell irrigation in order to assess the impact of watershed. It was found that the amortized cost per functioning well and cost per acre inch of groundwater in Sujala watershed is lower...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Sujala watershed program; Externalities; Drought; ANOVA.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43618

Equity Weighting and the Marginal Damage Costs of Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anthoff,   David; Hepburn,   Cameron; Tol,   Richard S.J.
Climate change would impact different countries differently, and different countries have different levels of development. Equity-weighted estimates of the (marginal) impact of greenhouse gas emissions reflect these differences. Equity-weighted estimates of the marginal damage cost of carbon dioxide emissions are substantially higher than estimates without equity-weights; equity-weights may also change the sign of the social cost estimates. Equity weights need to be normalised. Our estimates differ by two orders of magnitude depending on the region of normalisation. A discounting error of equity weighted social cost of carbon estimates in earlier work (Tol, Energy Journal, 1999), led to an error of a factor two. Equity-weighted estimates are sensitive to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marginal Damage Costs; Climate Change; Equity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9325

Eradication of Exotic Weeds in Australia: Comparing Effort and Expenditure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hester,   Susan M.; Odom,   Doreen I.S.; Cacho,   Oscar J.; Sinden,   Jack A.
Weeds have many adverse impacts on agriculture and the environment and therefore are often targets of eradication attempts.  Eradication attempts involve large commitments of labour and financial resources over significant periods of time.  Using data from 12 Australian weed eradication attempts the authors compare work hours and expenditure on each attempt for various initial-infestation sizes.  Analysis of a limited data set shows: (1) that while the eradication effort increases with the initial area of infestation, the effort applied per hectare actually decreases; (2) that application of a greater work effort was not the reason why completed eradications were successful; and (3) that the larger the initial infestation size, the smaller the amount of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Weeds; Eradication; Work effort; Expenditure; Infestation size; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12921

Erdőgazdálkodás és erdőtörténet
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Solymos,   Rezso.
Az erdőgazdálkodás az erdők fenntartásának, művelésének, sokoldalú, tartamos hasznosításának az alapja. A Föld lakosságának gyarapodásával a történelem folyamán együtt növekedett az embernek az erdővel szemben támasztott igénye. Az igények kielégítésekor hamarosan kitűnt, hogy ezek teljesítésének lehetőségei szigorúan behatároltak. Hosszú távon, tartamosan (fenntarthatóan) akkor nyújthatja az erdő a gazdasági, társadalmi élet számára a legtöbbet, ha az adottságainak megfelelően gazdálkodnak. A Föld erdeinek jelenlegi képe több évezredes fejlődés, valamint emberi beavatkozás eredményeként alakult. A jelenlegi felfogás szerinti „korszerű” erdőgazdálkodás az egyes kontinenseken különböző időben, alig egy-két évszázada jött létre. Abban az esetben azonban, ha...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Erdőgazdálkodás; Fenntarthatóság; Történeti tanulságok; Természeti törvények; Erdőtársulások; Forestry; Sustainability; Historical lessens; Natural laws; Forest associations; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92423

Erfassung, Bewertung und Minderung von Treibhausgasemissionen des deutschen Agrar- und Ernährungssektors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Osterburg,   Bernhard; Nieberg,   Hiltrud; Ruter,   Sebastian; Isermeyer,   Folkhard; Haenel,   Hans-Dieter; Hahne,   Jochen; Krentler,   Jan-Gerd; Paulsen,   Hans Marten; Schuchardt,   Frank; Schweinle,   Jorg; Weiland,   Peter.
Zusammenfassung: In dieser Studie werden Treibhausgasemissionen (THG) aus der deutschen Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft analysiert und Möglichkeiten zu ihrer Reduzierung erörtert. Darüber hinaus wird die Eignung von Ökobilanzen für die Bewertung von Produktionsverfahren und Produkten untersucht. In Kapitel 2 werden theoretische Grundlagen für die Umsetzung von Klimaschutzpolitiken erörtert. Als Bilanzierungs- und Analysemethoden werden die Emissionsberichterstattung, die umweltökonomischen Gesamtrechnungen, Ökobilanzen (Life Cycle Assessment) und Carbon Footprints vorgestellt. Es folgt in Kapitel 3 eine Analyse der THG-Emissionen des deutschen Agrar- und Ernährungssektors nach Quellgruppen der Klimaberichterstattung sowie in Bezug auf Produktionsprozesse...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Klimawandel; Treibhausgase; Landwirtschaft; Kohlenstoff Fußabdruck; Climate change; Greenhouse gases; Agriculture; Carbon footprint; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1 (Q18); Q 5 (Q51; Q 52; Q 54).
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103666

Ermittlung der Nachfrage nach ökologischen Gütern der Landwirtschaft – Das Northeim-Projekt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Anke; Hespelt,   Sonja K.; Marggraf,   Rainer.
This paper presents a case study on the development and implementation of a decentralised and outcome-based agri-environmental payment scheme in a project region in central Germany. A research group from Goettingen University together with local actors designed the scheme which complies with the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy. The core of the programme is the creation of a market for ecological goods, in this case: of plant diversity standards in agriculture. Supply is provided by the local farmers, who, in an open competitive bidding, offer to produce as much as they are willing to of the commodity in question. The local population has to be seen as the beneficiary of these environmental goods. In the project, it is represented by a Regional...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental services; Decentralisation; Contingent valuation; Merit goods; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98083

Essays on the Economics of Environmental Management and Green Reputation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Komarek,   Timothy M.
Many governments, firms, institutions and individuals have become increasingly cognizant of their impact on the environment, most notably with respect to global climate change. This coupled with a threat of future regulation and a desire for a ‘green’ image, among other reasons, has led firms and institutions to begin critically evaluating and managing their own “carbon footprint”. Effective programs to manage greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) benefit from understanding the preferences of the constituents the program intends to serve.  This study uses a survey at Michigan State University to examine the preferences of constituents (students, faculty and staff) for attributes of alternative greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction strategies. The first essay examines...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: 'Green' reputation; Pro-environmental behavior; Conjoint analysis; Climate change policy; Choice experiment; Institution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q40; Q42; Q51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98248

Establishing a Baseline for Nitrogen Policy Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Livingston,   Michael J.; Ribaudo,   Marc.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrogen; Nitrogen use efficiency; Nitrogen management; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60925

Establishing and managing the environmental water reserve – the interaction between different government policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horne,   Avril; Freebairn,   John W.; O'Donnell,   Erin.
Policy to protect river ecosystems has changed rapidly in Australia and the mechanisms to both establish and manage environmental water are still evolving. Policy has moved from providing a fixed environmental target (albeit varying between years) to one in which the environment can actively participate in the market, with the possibility of better fulfilling variable water requirements. However, the inherent nature of the Sustainable Diversion Limit (SDL), established under the Water Act 2007, is that it represents a fixed allocation to the environment. This paper considers the interaction the new SDL for the Murray Darling Basin and potential issues arising from the interaction with the government buyback initiative. While both the SDL and buyback have...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental water; Water markets; Instream flows; Sustainable diversion limits (SDLs); Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100561

Establishment of a protected area in Vanuatu
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Centre for International Economics.
The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) project ANREI/90/20 assisted in the establishment of a number of protected areas in Vanuatu by improving information flows and by establishing appropriate institutional structures. The total research benefit from this project is estimated to be: - A$1.89 million divided up as follows.$0.14 million is the present value to landowners, based on estimates of the surplus—return on land above logging returns foregone. For most areas, the benefits to the landowners exceeded the returns from logging and the landowners were willing to establish the area without compensation arrangements. - $1.07 million is the project’s contribution to improving the net returns on logging activities—assuming that...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Venuatu; Forestry; Protected area; Land value; Logging; Timber harvest; Harvesting; Tourism; Tourist; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47192

Estimated Impacts of New Zealand Agriculture Climate Policy: A Tale of Two Catchments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daigneault,   Adam J.; Greenhalgh,   Suzie; Samarasinghe,   Oshadhi.
Agricultural and forestry greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are a key feature of New Zealand’s emissions profile, and New Zealand is the only country, to date, to have indicated that agricultural and forestry emissions will be covered under their domestic climate policy – the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZETS). Forestry entered the NZETS in 2008 while agricultural emissions are expected to enter in 2015. Coupled with climate policy development is the increasing scrutiny of agricultural impacts on water in New Zealand. Given the multiple forms of environmental regulation facing the agricultural and forestry industries we explore, at the catchment level, the impacts of climate policy on the agricultural and forestry industries, including those on farm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture and Forestry Modelling; Land Use; Climate Policy; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient Loadings; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115352

ESTIMATES OF PUBLIC SECTOR TRANSACTION COSTS IN NRCS PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCann,   Laura M.J.; Easter,   K. William.
When evaluating the economic efficiency of policies to reduce nonpoint source pollution, administrative or transaction costs are usually not taken into account.  While the importance of transaction costs has been recognized in the theoretical literature, the fact that they are not incorporated in empirical analyses means that, in effect, these costs are given a zero value.  This issue is examined quantitatively using data collected by the National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS). Transaction costs are found to be a significant portion (38 percent) of overall conservation costs.  This provides strong support for including these costs in economic evaluations of alternative policy instruments.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: NRCS; Transaction costs; Conservation practices; Abatement costs; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15313

Estimating Agricultural Pollution Abatement Costs at the Plot Level Using Experimental Data: A Maximum Entropy Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bond,   Craig A.; Farzin,   Y. Hossein.
This paper uses a directional output distance function to estimate a multi-output production frontier for a sample of experimental plots grown for the Sustainable Agriculture Farming Systems project at the University of California, Davis. Cross-sectional technical efficiency indices are estimated that take into account two proxies for undesirable output: number of trips across a field as a proxy for air pollution and/or soil erosion, and pints of pesticides applied to account for potential leaching and/or health risks. Shadow price estimates based on marginal rates of transformation ranged from $8-$21 for trips, while shadow prices for pints of pesticides averaged $23-$27.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Directional distance function; Environmental efficiency index; Shadow price; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8642

Estimating and projecting flows of greenhouse gases for New Zealand agriculture and planted forests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Austin,   Darran; Rivas Palma,   Rosa Maria.
New Zealand is atypical among the Annex I parties within the Kyoto Protocol with agriculture forming a large part of greenhouse gas emissions and planted forests sequestering large amounts of carbon. This presentation will summarise the methods and data used to estimate flows of greenhouse gases within agriculture and planted forests in New Zealand’s National Inventory Report submission to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change last April. 2009 projections for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (2008-2012) will also be presented and discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas emissions; Agriculture; Planted forests; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97159

Estimating Atrazine Leaching in the Midwest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burkart,   Michael R.; Gassman,   Philip W.; Moorman,   Thomas B.; Singh,   Piyush.
Data from seven Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) were used to test the sensitivity of a leaching model, PRZM-2, to a variety of hydrologic settings common in the Midwest.  Results of long-term simulations using regional and generalized input parameters produced ranks of leaching potential similar to those based on measurements.  Atrazine leaching was simulated because the use of atrazine was prevalent in the MSEA studies and it frequently occurs in the region's groundwater.  Short-term simulations used sit-specific soil and chemical coefficients.  Generalized simulations used data available from regional soil databases and standardized coefficients.  Accurate short-term simulations were precluded by lack of antecedent atrazine concentrations in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18506

Estimating China’s Energy and Environmental Productivity Efficiency: A Parametric Hyperbolic Distance Function Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Zibin; Jin,   Xiangrong; Dong,   Xuebing; Wetzstein,   Michael E.
Since the beginning of this century, China’s annual GDP growth is over 9%.  This growth is fueled by large increases in energy consumption, led by a coal-dominated energy structure, and associated with higher sulfur dioxide emissions and industry dust.  In 2008, China accounted for over 17% of the world’s total primary energy consumption and accounts for nearly three-quarters of global energy growth.  At an average annual energy growth rate over 12% since 2000, China’s future share of primary energy consumption will continue to increase.  A consequence of this growth is China becoming the global leader in sulfur and carbon dioxide emissions.   To deal with these energy and environmental challenges, the government set energy saving and pollution reduction...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental productivity efficiency; Hyperbolic distance function; China's energy policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60918

Estimating Co-benefits of Agricultural Climate Policy in New Zealand:  A Catchment-Level Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daigneault,   Adam J.; Greenhalgh,   Suzie; Samarasinghe,   Oshadhi; Sinclair,   Robyn.
This paper uses an economic catchment model to assess changes in land use, enterprise distribution, greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient loading levels from a series of policies that introduce carbon prices or nutrient reduction caps on land-based production in the Hurunui Catchment in Canterbury, New Zealand. At $20/tCO2e, net revenue for the catchment is reduced by 7% from baseline levels while GHGs are reduced by 3%. At $40/ tCO2e, net revenue is reduced by 15% while GHGs are reduced by 21%. Nitrogen and phosphorous loading levels within the catchment were also reduced when landowners face a carbon price, thus providing other benefits to the environment. Additional scenarios in this paper assess the impacts from developing a large-scale irrigation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture and Forestry Modeling; Land Use; Climate Policy; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Water Quantity; Water Quality; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q24; Q25; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103855

Estimating community benefits from tourism: The case of Carpentaria Shire
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greiner,   Romy; Stoeckl,   Natalie; Schweigert,   Roman.
The small rural communities in Australia's tropical savanna landscapes depend upon the region's natural resources for income and employment. Historically primary industries - including mining, grazing and, in the case of coastal communities, fishing - have been the pillars of economic activity in those regions. More recently, tourism has emerged as an additional nature-based industry, which offers new development and employment opportunities for populations in remote regions. Net benefits from tourism accrue from the balance of economic, social and environmental interactions of tourists with a destination. This paper presents a model of tourism impact in the Carpentaria shire of North West Queensland. A methodology is developed for tracking and quantifying...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tourism impact; Net benefit; Savanna regions; Destination management; Host community; Grey nomads; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58455

ESTIMATING DEMAND FOR RECREATIONAL FISHING IN ALABAMA USING TRAVEL COST MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ojumu,   Oluwagbemiga; Hite,   Diane; Fields,   Deacue.
Individuals and households reveal their willingness to pay to enjoy environmental and natural resource services by engaging in outdoor recreation activities.  The state of Alabama and the Black-Belt region possess significant recreational fishing resources whose qualities could be improved through public and private management innovations.  To measure the value of such interventions, a baseline estimate of recreational fishing demand and potential for increasing the demand by on-site improvements needs to established. Using direct mail survey, count data obtained on individual angler characteristics, expenditures on fishing equipment, and destinations and expenditures on time and travel for each trip taken.  In addition, the kinds and quantities of fish...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Recreation; Negative-Binomial; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46858

Estimating Economic Health Costs of Not Controlling Toxic Water Pollution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Easter,   K. William; Konishi,   Yoshifumi.
The purpose of this paper is to determine what types of information may be important in determining the welfare benefits of preventing toxic water contamination when a given type of toxification occurs (or is likely to occur) in a given setting. It attempts to identify information and behavior issues that need to be considered when policy makers and others wish to obtain reasonable estimates of welfare benefits and weigh them against the economic costs of removing toxins. This paper also provides reasonable "scenarios" for three toxic pollutants that are found in water bodies (surface water or groundwater). We make use of two country alternatives--one in developing countries and the other in developed countries--to demonstrate, with specific examples of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Welfare costs; Arsenic; Mercury; Atrazine; Information; Water; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25768

Estimating Effects of an Urban Growth Boundary on Land Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cho,   Seong-Hoon; Chen,   Zhuo; Yen,   Steven T.; Eastwood,   David B.
This study estimates the effects of an urban growth boundary (UGB) on land development decisions in Knox County, TN, using a heteroscedastic probit model.  With combined efforts of increased land development within the city boundary and decreased development within the UGB and the neighboring town of Farragut after the implementation of UGB, the UGB of Knox County has been successful in urban revitalization within the city boundary and discouraging urban sprawl.  These UGB impacts may be related to the city government having the right to annex land parcels within the UGB without consent of land owners.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Heteroscedastic probit; Land development; Urban growth boundary; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C35; Q24; R52.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43761

Estimating environmental efficiency and Kuznets curve for India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jena,   Pradyot Ranjan.
As a result of India's extremely rapid economic growth, the scale and seriousness of environmental problems are no longer in doubt. Whether pollution abatement technologies are utilized more efficiently is crucial in the analysis of environmental management because it influences the cost of alternative production and pollution abatement technologies. In this study, I use state–level industry data of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and suspended particular matter over the period 1991–2003. Employing recently developed productivity measurement technique, it is shown that overall environmental productivities decrease over time in India. Furthermore, I analyze the determinants of environmental productivities and find environmental Kuznets curve type...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: India; Environmental productivity; Productivity measures; Kuznets Curve; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51302

Estimating Full IM240 Emissions from Partial Test Results: Evidence from Arizona
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ando,   Amy Whritenour; Harrington,   Winston; McConnell,   Virginia D.
The expense and inconvenience of enhanced vehicle emissions testing using the full 240-second dynamometer test has led states to search for ways to shorten the test process. In fact, all states that currently use the IM240 allow some type of fast-pass, usually as early in the test as second 31, and Arizona allows vehicles to fast-fail after second 93. While these shorter tests save states millions of dollars in inspection lanes and driver costs, there is a loss in information since test results are no longer comparable across vehicles. This paper presents a methodology for estimating full 240 second results from partial-test results for three pollutants: HC, CO and NOx. Using random sample of vehicles in Arizona which received full 240 second tests, we use...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Inspection and maintenance; Mobile source; Fast pass; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10734

Estimating Global Environmental Implications of Agricultural Trade Liberalization: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Donna J.; Zhang,   J.
Preliminary results indicate a reduction in agricultural trade barriers offers some benefits to poorer nations at the expense of some richer nations. A positive externality if trade liberalization is a decrease in coal combustion and a slight decrease in global CO2 emissions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25290

Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Soy-based US Biodiesel when Factoring in Emissions from Land Use Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Searchinger,   Timothy D.; Heimlich,   Ralph E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49099

Estimating Hypothetical Bias in Economically Emergent Africa: A Generic Public Good Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caplan,   Arthur J.; Aadland,   David; Macharia,   Anthony.
This paper reports results from a contingent valuation based public good experiment conducted in the African nation of Botswana. In a sample of university students, we find evidence that stated willingness to contribute to a public good in a hypothetical setting is higher than actual contribution levels. However, results from regression analysis suggest that this is true only in the second round of the experiment, when participants making actual contributions have learned to significantly lower their contribution levels. As globalization expands markets, and economies such as Botswana’s continue to modernize, there is a growing need to understand how hypothetical bias will influence the valuation of public goods.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Hypothetical bias; Public good; Willingness to pay; Botswana; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90836

Estimating Impacts of Climate Change on Lower Murray Irrigation, Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Connor,   Jeffery D.; Kirby,   Mac; Schwabe,   Kurt A.; Lukasiewicz,   Anna; Kaczan,   David.
This article evaluates irrigated agriculture sector response and resultant economic impacts of climate change for a part of the Murray Darling Basin in Australia. A water balance model is used to predict reduced basin inflows for mild, moderate and severe climate change scenarios involving 10, 20, 40 Celcius warming, and predict 13%, 38% and 63% reduced inflows. Impact on irrigated agricultural production and profitability are estimated with a mathematical programming model using a two-stage approach that simultaneously estimates short and long-run adjustments. The model accounts for a range of adaptive responses including: deficit irrigation, temporarily fallowing some areas, and permanently reducing irrigated area and changing the mix of crops. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5974

Estimating Mixed Logit Recreation Demand Models With Large Choice Sets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Domanski,   Adam.
Discrete choice models are widely used in studies of recreation demand.  They have proven valuable when modeling situations where decision makers face large choice sets and site substitution is important.  However, when the choice set faced by the individual becomes very large (on the order of hundreds or thousands of alternatives), computational limitations make estimation with the full choice set intractable.  Sampling of alternatives in a conditional logit framework is an effective method to limit computational burdens while still producing consistent estimates.  This method is allowed by the existence of the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) assumption.  More advanced mixed logit models account for unobserved preference heterogeneity and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sampling of alternatives; Discrete choice; Mixed logit; Conditional logit; Recreational demand; Wisconsin; Fishing; Microeconometrics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49413

Estimating non-market values under scenario and policy ambiguity: the case of climate change mitigation in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akter,   Sonia; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
This report proposes an extension to existing models of non-expected utility (NEU) in the stated preference (SP) literature. The extension incorporates the impact of multiple sources of ambiguity in individual decision making behaviour. Empirical testing of the proposed decision model was carried out in Australia using a dichotomous choice contingent valuation study of a national carbon pollution reduction scheme (CPRS).   The results of the study demonstrate that subjective expectations of the context scenario and subjective policy expectations are important determinants of individual decision making in a stated preference framework. The results of the study also demonstrate that decision weight functions are non-linear (quadratic) in subjective scenario...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Non-expected utility; Scenario ambiguity; Policy ambiguity; Climate change; Australia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C93-D81.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94881

Estimating Potential Economic Net Carbon Flux from U.S. Agriculture Using a High Resolution Integrated Socioeconomic-Biogeophysical Model.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hellwinckel,   Chad M.; Torre Ugarte,   Daniel de la; West,   Tristram O.; Larson,   James A.; Nelson,   Richard G.; Travis,   John; Brandt,   Craig; Wilson,   Bradley.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/19/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9688

Estimating productivity of water at different spatial scales using simulation modeling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Droogers,   Peter; Kite,   Geoff.
A clear understanding of the current water balance is required to explore options for water saving measures. However, measurement of all the terms in the water balance is infeasible in terms of spatial and temporal scale, but hydrological simulation models can fill the gap between measured and required data. For a basin in Western Turkey, simulation modeling at three different scales, field, irrigation scheme and basin scale, was performed to obtain all terms of the water balance. These water balance numbers were used to calculate the Productivity of Water at the three spatial levels distinguished to assess the performance of the systems.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resources; Productivity; Simulation models; Water scarcity; Water supply; Water balance; Performance indexes; Indicators; River basins; Cropping systems; Crop yield; Cotton; Hydrology; Economic analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44568

Estimating State-Allocable Production Technologies When There are Two States of Nature and State Allocations of Inputs are Unobserved
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: O'Donnell,   Christopher J.; Shankar,   Sriram.
Chambers and Quiggin (2000) have used state-contingent production theory to establish important results concerning economic behaviour in the presence of uncertainty, including problems of consumer choice, the theory of the firm, and principal-agent relationships. Empirical application of the state contingent approach has proved difficult, not least because most of the data needed for applying standard econometric methods are lost in unrealized states of the world. O'Donnell and Griffiths (2006) show how a restrictive type of state-contingent technology can be estimated in a finite mixtures framework. This paper shows how Bayesian methodology can be used to estimate more flexible types of state-contingent technologies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50898

Estimating the Amenity Costs of Global Warming in Brazil: Getting the Most from Available Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Timmins,   Christopher.
This paper develops a theoretically consistent technique for valuing non-marketed local attributes using compensating income differentials in the absence of housing market data. The individual’s indirect utility function is identified with aggregate data describing equilibrium location decisions, and this function is used in place of the unidentified equation describing how housing prices are determined. The model is used to value climate amenities in Brazil, where such data problems are prevalent. Similar problems arise in other developing countries, particularly when one looks outside of the largest cities.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wage-hedonics; Discrete-choice analysis; Climate amenity; Global warming; Environmental Economics and Policy; R1; C35; O54.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28491

ESTIMATING THE BENEFITS OF BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
What are the benefits of biodiversity protection? Why should those benefits be estimated? When should they be estimated … now or across future generations? Where should the benefits be estimated … locally, nationally or internationally? And, of course, how can they be estimated, if at all? This sequence of questions forms the basis of this paper. The specific benefits associated with the provision of biodiversity protection are firstly defined. The role of benefit estimation in the process of making decisions regarding the future use of ecosystem resources is then briefly reviewed noting the importance of biodiversity benefits in that process. The “extent of the market” for biodiversity protection is considered with respect to the beneficiaries across both...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123767

ESTIMATING THE BENEFITS OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION CONTROL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Henglun; Bergstrom,   John C.; Dorfman,   Jeffrey H.
In this paper, a conceptual model for estimating option price for groundwater quality protection is developed, and the effets of subjective demand and supply uncertainty and other variables on option price are estimated.  A contingent valuation study to measure option price for groundwater quality protection was conducted in southwestern Georgia.  Valuation results suggest that the monetary benefits to citizens of protecting groundwater supplies from agricultural chemical contamination are quite large.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29641

Estimating the CDM Market Under the Bonn Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jotzo,   Frank; Michaelowa,   Axel.
We analyse the impact of the agreement on implementation of the Kyoto Protocol achieved at COP6bis in Bonn in July 2001 on investment in greenhouse gas emission reduction projects in developing countries through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The required actual emission reductions for participating Annex B countries overall will be relatively small, as the United States do not intend to ratify the Protocol and significant amounts of carbon sequestered in domestic sinks will be credited to Annex B countries under Article 3.4 of the Protocol. In addition, there is a large potential supply of surplus emissions quota (hot air) from Russia and other economies in transition. This means that demand for certified emission reductions (CERs) from CDM...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26160

Estimating the Characteristics of Polluting Technologies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: O'Donnell,   Christopher J.
Polluting technologies can be represented using output distance functions. A common approach to estimating such functions is to factor out one of the outputs and estimate the resulting equation using well-known stochastic frontier estimation methods, including maximum likelihood. A problem with this approach is that the outputs that are not factored out may be correlated with the error term, leading to biased and inconsistent estimates. This paper addresses the problem in a Bayesian framework. The methodology is applied to data on U.S. electric utilities. Results include estimates of technical inefficiencies and the shadow price of a pollutant.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10413

Estimating the economic and environmental tradeoffs of altering grazing intensity for specific land types in the Fitzroy Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Star,   Megan; Donaghy,   Peter; Rolfe,   John.
The Fitzroy Basin is one of the largest catchment areas in Australia covering 143,000 km² and is the largest catchment for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon. Recent research has identified that poor water quality is having negative impacts on the GBR. Grazing beef cattle is the dominant land use in the Fitzroy Basin (90% by area) and has been identified as the major contributor of sediment (~%90) and organic nutrient loads to the GBR lagoon. A bioeconomic model has been developed which determines the cost ($/tonne of sediment) incurred by graziers in implementing strategies that increase ground cover and land condition. The results demonstrate the implications of land type, grazing pressure, tree basal area and enterprise operation on optimal grazing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59163

Estimating the Economic Value of Temporary and Permanent Carbon Sequestration Activities on Agricultural Land
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sperow,   Mark.
This paper estimates the value of carbon from soil sequestration and emission reductions from setting aside highly erodible land.  Increases in soil carbon are estimated using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change soil organic carbon inventory method and NRI data.  Emission reductions are estimated using fuel use data from USDA-ERS.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35493

Estimating the Effect of the Chesapeake Bay Program on Application Rates for Enrollment in the Environmental Quality Incentive Program: A Case Study of Pennsylvania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wright,   Christopher.
This paper is an evaluation of the Chesapeake Bay Program’'s (CBP) effect on farmers’' willingness to participate in USDA agricultural conservation programs. Willingness to participate is demonstrated by submission of an application for enrollment in a conservation program. The estimation method is propensity score matching.  Matching is one method which can be used to estimate treatment effects using observational studies when a control group is not available for purposes of comparing outcomes with treatment and without treatment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21164

Estimating the Net Economic Value of National Forest Recreation: An Application of the National Visitor Use Monitoring Database.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bowker,   James Michael; Starbuck,   C. Meghan; English,   Donald B.K.; Bergstrom,   John C.; Rosenberger,   Randall S.; McCollum,   Daniel W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59603

Estimating the Nonmarket Value of Green Technologies Using Partial Data Enrichment Techniques
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gelso,   Brett R.; Peterson,   Jeffrey M.
Recent studies have suggested that green technologies may be a cost effective way to manage urban runoff. Literature has also suggests that there needs to be a greater empirical basis to estimate the benefits associated with social values associated with urban trees; we therefore estimate ecosystem benefits of green technologies using emerging data enrichment valuation methods.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19994

Estimating the Price Elasticity of Demand for Water with Quasi Experimental Methods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Klaiber,   H. Allen; Smith,   V. Kerry; Kaminsky,   Michael; Strong,   Aaron.
There is a growing recognition in both the professional and popular literatures that water scarcity is a key policy issue that is especially important in arid, urban settings with the prospects for shortfalls in water availability due to the effects of climate change. Those evaluating these types of water problems usually conclude prices must be reformed so that incentives facing water users change to reflect this scarcity. Demand functions provide the basic economic relationships required to understand how water use will respond to such changes. This paper proposes a new method for estimating the price elasticity of demand that meets policy needs and can accommodate the presence of increasing block pricing structures.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water Demand Elasticity; Quasi Experiment; Climate Change; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61039

Estimating the Value of Groundwater in Irrigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brozovic,   Nicholas; Islam,   Shahnila.
In recent years there has been increasing regulation of agricultural water use in order to reduce transboundary and environmental water conflicts. Effective policy analysis needs to have tools to estimate correctly the value of irrigation water. Irrigating land increases crop yields and this higher profitability should be capitalized into the sales price of the land. For irrigation that depends on surface water rights, studies have found this to be the case (Xu et al. 1993, Faux and Perry 1999). However, studies that have analyzed the value of groundwater in irrigation have found mixed results. Hartman and Taylor (1989) and Sunderland, Libbin and Torell (1987) find that groundwater irrigation has no significant effect on land prices; Torrell et al. (1990)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Groundwater; Hedonics; Propensity score matching; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61337

Estimating the Willingness-to-Pay for Water in Georgia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elnagheeb,   Abdelmoneim H.; Jordan,   Jeffrey L.
In this paper, data from a 1992 telephone survey of Georgia residents were used to study people’s willingness-to-pay (WTP) for water as a commodity. A dichotomous contingent valuation method was employed to estimate the marginal scarcity rent of water. Results indicated that the average WTP was $15.10 above the current monthly water cost, or about 81 percent of current bills. The aggregate WTP for all of Georgia was estimated to be nearly $393 million, suggesting that water is underpriced.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dichotomous contingent valuation; Public water supply; Water pricing; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90408

ESTIMATING TRANSACTION COSTS OF ALTERNATIVE POLICIES TO REDUCE PHOSPHOROUS POLLUTION IN THE MINNESOTA RIVER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCann,   Laura M.J.; Easter,   K. William.
As point sources of pollution reduce their emissions due to water quality control efforts, nonpoint sources have become relatively more important.  In the case of agricultural nonpoint source pollution, the policy instruments recommended by economists are not observed in practice.  This study was designed to measure the magnitude of transaction costs associated with policies to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pollution and to determine whether transaction costs help explain the prevalence of the policies actually observed.  Interviews with staff from governmental agencies were conducted to estimate transaction costs associated with four policies to reduce agricultural phosphorous pollution in the Minnesota River.  The tax on phosphate fertilizers had...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13919

Estimating Travel Cost Model: Spatial Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Seung Gyu; Bowker,   James Michael; Cho,   Seong-Hoon; Lambert,   Dayton M.; English,   Donald B.K.; Starbuck,   C. Meghan.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Travel cost model; Spatial analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61774

Estimating Water Quality, Air Quality, and Soil Carbon Benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program
Provedor de dados: 31
This report estimates how field and buffer practices affect the amount of soil and nutrients leaving the field.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44777

ESTIMATING WATER QUALITY BENEFITS BY COMBINING REVEALED AND STATED PREFERENCE METHODS: AN APPLICATION IN THE MINNESOTA RIVER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mathews,   Leah Greden.
Data from a 1997 survey of Minnesota residents was used to construct a panel of revealed and stated preference data.  Panel regression results yield an estimate of household willingness to pay for phosphorus reductions in the Minnesota River of $38.88 per year.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nonmarket valuation; Water quality; Nonmarket valuation; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21621

ESTIMATING WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR REDUCED COPPER CONTAMINATION IN SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Hong Jin; Cho,   Yongsung.
The contingent valuation method is applied to determine how much consumers would be willing to pay to reduce copper in their drinking water and what factors influence their willingness to pay (WTP).  The annual mean WTP per household was estimated using survey data from nine counties in southwestern Minnesota where copper contamination is high.  The annual mean WTP per household varied from a low range of $30.41 to $43.61 for Chippewa County to a high range of $39.79 to $57.06 for Nobles County.  The aggregate WTP for all nine counties was estimated to range from $1.66 to $2.38 million.  However, the estimated WTP may not be sufficient to pay the cost of providing improved water through public water systems for small communities in southwestern Minnesota.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31123

Estimation and Analysis of Expenses of In-Lieu-Fee Projects that Mitigate Damage to Streams from Land Disturbance in North Carolina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Templeton,   Scott R.; Dumas,   Christopher F.; Sessions,   William T.; Victoria,   Melanie.
As North Carolina’s economy has grown, the need to mitigate adverse impacts of land disturbance on aquatic ecosystems has also grown. When land disturbance adversely affects streams, a developer or the state’s Department of Transportation can satisfy mitigation requirements through payment of fees to the state’s Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP). EEP then manages a stream mitigation project on behalf of the responsible party. EEP has had regulatory authority to require stream mitigation for 10 years. The needs of EEP to reassess its mitigation fee and identify ways to reduce costs of the program have grown over the decade. The first objective of this study was to account for all EEP expenses of design-bid and design-bid-build projects. The second...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49552

Estimation of a Surface Water Quality Valuation Index for the Appalachian Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khatri-Chhetri,   Arun; Collins,   Alan R.
A surface water quality valuation index is developed and used to compare counties across the Appalachian Region. This index was based on a meta-analysis of non-market water quality valuation studies along with an application of benefit transfer. The results reveal that Pennsylvania, Georgia, and New York had the highest percentages of counties with high index values within the Appalachian Region. As this research was part of an inter-disciplinary team assembled by the Appalachian Regional Commission, results of this index can be compared to other indices computed for water resources in the region.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Meta-analysis; Benefit transfer; Contingent valuation; Willingness-to-pay; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103653

ESTIMATION OF EXTERNAL COSTS OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION USING EXTERNE MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molnar,   Sandor; Debrecin,   N.; Kovacevic,   T.; Molnar,   Melinda.
The external costs of electricity generation can be characterised by the resulting social and environmental impacts. The most significant impacts are the air pollutions impact on health, built in environment, crops, forests, agricultural areas and on global warming. The primary impact considered is the air pollution’s effect on human health. The monetised value of the health impact, the external costs are calculated for two regional coal power plants, the effects are examined on the EU level with the ExternE methodology.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: External costs; Human health; Monetized environmental impacts; Energy production; Coal power plants; Air pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47553

ESTIMATION OF SHADOW PRICES OF UNDESIRABLE OUTPUTS: AN APPLICATION TO UK DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hadley,   David.
The parameters of an output distance function are estimated utilising unbalanced panel data from 300 UK dairy farms.  Potential nitrate contamination of groundwater is modelled within the production process as an undesirable output and shadow prices (which can be interpreted as marginal abatement costs) for such contamination are calculated.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20977

ESTIMATIVA DA CURVA DE KUZNETS AMBIENTAL PARA A AMAZÔNIA LEGAL.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Santos,   Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; Diniz,   Marcelo Bentes; Diniz,   Marcia Juca Teixeira; Rivero,   Sergio Luiz De Medeiros; Oliveira Junior,   Jose Nilo de.
O presente trabalho investigou a hipótese da Curva Ambiental de Kuznets – CAK, diante da controvérsia que existe na atual literatura entre o crescimento econômico e impactos ambientais. A principal contribuição do artigo é apresentar um estudo de caso voltado para uma das regiões mais importantes no debate ambiental que é a Amazônia Legal. A questão em si, que não está determinada teoricamente, e apresenta diversos resultados empíricos contraditórios, incorpora a idéia de verificar se o crescimento econômico gera algum tipo de proteção automática ao meio ambiente, e até ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Com isso, o presente trabalho procura contribuir para esse debate, trazendo evidências empíricas inéditas a âmbito regional. Utilizando como variável...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Meio Ambiente; Hipótese de Kuznets; Amazônia; Crescimento Econômico; Environment; Kuznets Hypothesis; Amazon; Economic Growth; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113968

ESTUDO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL EM ÁREA DE ASSENTAMENTO RURAL: UMA AVALIAÇÃO DO PASSIVO AMBIENTAL DO PROJETO DE ASSENTAMENTO PORTO ALONSO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ximenes,   Isaque Felix; Maia,   Maria Jose Do Carmo; Lima,   Claudeci Dos Santos.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi promover a avaliação do passivo ambiental do Projeto de Assentamento Porto Alonso e abordar as condições sócio-ambientais deste projeto de assentamento de reforma agrária. Utilizou-se dados e informações ambientais referente ao licenciamento ambiental, situação cadastral dos assentados, área de reserva legal, áreas de preservação permanente, área passível de conversão e as medidas adotadas para a recuperação e compensação do passivo ambiental dessas áreas. Abordou-se também as condições sócio-ambientais em que se encontra o projeto e as respectivas políticas publicas que poderiam estar sendo implementadas para garantir a sustentabilidade ecológica econômica, garantindo dessa forma, a condição para o desenvolvimento...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Licenciamento Ambiental; Rotatividade; Reserva Legal; Área de Preservação Permanente; Environmental Certification; Rotativity; Certified Reservation; Permanent Preservation Area; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117276

Ethanol and a Changing Agricultural Landscape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malcolm,   Scott A.; Aillery,   Marcel P.; Weinberg,   Marca.
The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 established specific targets for the production of biofuel in the United States. Until advanced technologies become commercially viable, meeting these targets will increase demand for traditional agricultural commodities used to produce ethanol, resulting in land-use, production, and price changes throughout the farm sector. This report summarizes the estimated effects of meeting the EISA targets for 2015 on regional agricultural production and the environment. Meeting EISA targets for ethanol production is estimated to expand U.S. cropped acreage by nearly 5 million acres by 2015, an increase of 1.6 percent over what would otherwise be expected. Much of the growth comes from corn acreage, which...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Corn ethanol; Regional crop mix; Regional environmental effects; Water quality; Water use; Cellulosic ethanol; Crop residues; Livestock; Regional Environment and Agriculture Programming (REAP) Model; Renewable fuel standard; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55671

Ethanol Plant Investment using Net Present Value and Real Options Analyses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmit,   Todd M.; Luo,   Jianchuan; Tauer,   Loren W.
A real option analysis of dry-grind corn ethanol plants compared to a standard net present value analysis (NPV) shows that the option values increase entry prices and lower exit prices of investment and disinvestment considerably. For a large plant, the gross margin of ethanol price over the corn price for a gallon of ethanol using NPV shows that entry will occur with a $0.45 margin and shutdown will occur at a $0.38. Under a real options framework, the margins for entry and exit become $1.33 and $0.13, respectively. Under baseline conditions, a large operating plant would become mothballed at $0.18 and reactivate if margins rebounded to $0.66. Growth in the variability of ethanol margins will delay new plant investments, as well as exits of currently...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Net Present Value; Real Options Analyses; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D21; D81; Q4.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51145

Ethanol Plant Location Determinants and County Comparative Advantage
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   Dayton M.; Wilcox,   Michael D.; English,   Alicia; Stewart,   Lance A.
The location of ethanol plants is determined by infrastructure, product and input markets, fiscal attributes of local communities, and state and federal incentives. This empirical analysis uses probit regression along with spatial clustering methods to analyze investment activity of ethanol plants at the county level for the lower U.S. 48 states from 2000 to 2007. The availability of feedstock dominates the site selection decision. Other factors, such as access to navigable rivers or railroads, product markets, producer credit and excise tax exemptions, and methyl tertiary-butyl ether bans provided some counties with a comparative advantage in attracting ethanol plants.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cluster analysis; Comparative advantage; Ethanol production; Location model; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; R1; R3.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45511

ÉTICA E DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coronel,   Daniel Arruda; Silva,   Jose Maria Alves da.
The objective of this article is to weave hermeneutic considerations and philosophies concerning ethics, economy and climate, with a specific focus on the relationship between Kant's categorical imperative and the question of improved sustainability. The economic perspective of Georgescu-Roegen has been considered, to this end. Although economy, ethics and biology constitute distinct fields of specialization, this work seeks to show reasons for which this perspective could be seen as an intersection between the three disciplines. The article concludes with the message of Georgescu-Roegan, held in his saying “minimal bioeconomic program” in accordance with the fundamental precepts of the Kantian ethics, in respect to the question of sustainability.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethics; Sustainable Development; Kant's; Georgescu-Roegen; Bioeconomy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53248

Ética e desenvolvimento sustentável
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coronel,   Daniel Arruda; Silva,   Jose Maria Alves da.
The objective of this paper is to weave hermeneutic considerations and philosophies concerning ethics, economy and climate, with a specific focus on the relationship between Kant's categorical imperative and the question of improved sustainability. The economic perspective of Georgescu-Roegen has been considered, to this end. Although economy, ethics and biology constitute distinct fields of specialization, this work seeks to show reasons for which this perspective could be seen as an intersection between the three disciplines. The article concludes with the message of Georgescu-Roegan, held in his saying “minimal bioeconomic program” in accordance with the fundamental precepts of the Kantian ethics, in respect to the question of sustainability.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ethics; Sustainable development; Kant's; Georgescu-Roegen; Bioeconomy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94836

Eucalyptus biomass fuels: Price competitive or way off the money?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Bueren,   Martin; Vincent,   David P.
This paper examines the costs and benefits of producing biomass fuels from mallee eucalypts grown in low rainfall areas of Western Australia. The fuels examined are ethanol and renewable electricity. As a means of examining the competitiveness of these energy sources with conventional fossil fuels, we estimate the price gap between ethanol and petrol and the cost of producing a unit of electricity by conventional means versus biomass electricity. Both comparisons are made on an energy equivalent basis. The potential for future advances in processing technology is built into the analysis. We find that ethanol is not price competitive with petrol, even after considering environmental benefits associated with biomass fuels. This finding raises questions about...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58268

European agri-environmental policy for the 21st century
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe; Hodge,   Ian D.
The present paper reviews the development of agri-environmental policy in Europe and assesses its prospects. While it does so from a predominantly UK perspective, there are many common features of the experience and policy choices across the majority of Member States. The first generation of agri-environmental measures applied command-and-control regulation for the prevention of pollution. Second-generation measures pay farmers for providing environmental public goods. The emphasis on ‘amenity’ derived from the maintenance of agricultural production systems contrasts with policy approaches in Australia and the USA. Well-designed incentive schemes constitute ‘quasi-markets’ for public goods, correcting for a pre-existing market failure. Problems in the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116179

European Climate Policy: Burden Sharing after 2012
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bode,   Sven.
Regardless of whether or not the Kyoto Protocol enters into force, the EU may decide to set itself a long-term greenhouse gas emission target and thus to continue its leadership role in international climate policy. As for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, the EU may decide on a burden-sharing agreement as an integral part of such a long-term climate policy. Against this background I analyse three different options to distribute an overall budget of emission entitlements until 2042 among the member states of an enlarged EU. It is shown who wins and who loses with regard to compliance costs. As the member states' attitudes towards the different approaches are likely to depend on the relative attractiveness of the allocation options, a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Accession countries; Allocation of GHG emission entitlements; Burden sharing; European climate policy; EU-enlargement; Future commitment periods; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26162

European Forests and Carbon Sequestration Services: An Economic Assessment of Climate Change Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ding,   Helen; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Teelucksingh,   Sonja S.
This paper reports an original economic valuation of the impact of climate change on the provision of forest regulating services in Europe. To the authors’ knowledge the current paper represents the first systematic attempt to estimate human well-being losses with respect to changes in biodiversity and forest regulating services that are directly driven by climate change. First, selected 34 European countries are grouped by their latitude intervals to capture the differentiated regional effects of forests in response to climate change. Moreover, the future trends of forest areas and stocked carbon in 2050 are projected through the construction and simulation of global circulation models such as HADMC3 following four different future developing paths...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Valuation; Forest Ecosystem; Carbon Sequestration; Climate Change Impacts; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59397

EUROPEAN RAPESEED AND FOSSIL DIESEL: THRESHOLD COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS AND POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ziegelback,   Martin; Kastner,   Gregor.
For European operators of biofuels plants there are not many hedge vehicles available to hedge operational margins. Cross hedges for rapeoil (with the rapeseed futures contract) and RME (with the NYMEX diesel futures contract) could be useful instruments. We use recent developments on threshold cointegration approaches to investigate if asymmetric dynamic adjusting processes exist among rapeseed and diesel prices. The results suggest that a threeregime threshold cointegration model suitably explains the dynamics of the data.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hedging; Rapeseed; Heating Oil; Threshold cointegration analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114741

EUROPEAN UNION ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND IMPORTS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FROM THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Larson,   Bruce A.
The EU is the third largest regional export market for US agricultural products, with over $6 billion in annual sales. In principle, EU environmental policies designed to control domestic externalities could alter US agricultural exports to the EU. This paper develops a range of theoretically consistent and empirically relevant sectoral models that can be used to estimate the impact of environmental regulations on EU imports of US agricultural products. Section 2 reviews EU environmental policies to discuss how they may directly and indirectly affect EU demand for US agricultural imports. Section 3 develops models for size cases.  Cases 1-3 are developed for homogeneous products. Case 1 assumes prices are fixed and the EU policy is a process regulation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19613

EUROPEAN UNION ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17- 18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dona,   Wilma Viscardini.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14436

EU-wide spatial down-scaling of results of regional economic models to analyze environmental impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Britz,   Wolfgang.
Major environmental indicators require data at a spatial resolution below administrative units as found in economic models. The CAPRI-Dynaspat project added spatial results for EU27 to the CAPRI model allowing for linkage to bio-physical models and calculation of novel indicators. The layer consists of clusters of 1x1 km cells exhausting the agricultural area, uniform in soil parameters, slope class, land cover and administrative unit. Crop and irrigation shares, stocking densities and yields are estimated per cluster along with intermediate input demand including crop specific fertilizer application rates. Those estimates drive statistically estimated meta-models from the bio-physical crop growth model DNDC to derive the nitrogen and water cycle....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spatial dis-aggregation; Agri-environmental indicators; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6677

Evaluacion de impactos ambientales derivados de estrategias de restauracion a traves de las decisiones de jurados de ciudadanos
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvarez-Farizo,   Begona; Gil,   Jose Maria; Howard,   B.J.
En los últimos años hemos asistido a una serie de vertidos contaminantes que han afectado tanto a espacios naturales como a áreas urbanas, industriales y rurales. Para mitigar sus efectos se hace necesaria una gestión integrada de las áreas productivas y naturales. Sin embargo, para que esta gestión sea eficaz es necesario considerar no sólo los efectos de las posibles medidas sobre la salud o los efectos biofísicos sobre el ambiente sino también la respuesta de los individuos a estos cambios. El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en la evaluación de los potenciales impactos, tanto ambientales como sociales, que se pueden derivar de las estrategias de restauración por vertidos. El enfoque adoptado se basa en la realización de un experimento de elección...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Q53; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q52.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28787

Evaluating Agri-Environmental Schemes – The Marginal Costs of Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Wossink,   Ada.
We provide a new approach for assessing the cost of marginal ecosystem changes and the effectiveness of agri-environmental schemes. The approach is based on a theoretical and empirical analysis of the bio-economic production interactions between marketed outputs and non-marketed ecosystem services at the micro level. To frame the economic nature of the problem, we employ a generalized joint production model in combination with cost minimization. The generalized joint production framework allows for the consideration of complementary, substitutive and competitive relationships between agricultural production and non-marketed ecosystem services generation and avoids double counting. From this theoretical model we distinguish three theoretical cases depending...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental services; Bio-economic modelling; Economies of scale and scope; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99425

Evaluating conservation auctions with limited information: the policy maker’s predicament
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schilizzi,   Steven; Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe.
Buying environmental services from private landholders using tendering mechanisms are usually subject to a budget constraint. Auction theory has mostly focused on target-constrained auctions and is less well developed for this type of auction. This paper examines a theoretical model specifically developed for budget-constrained tenders and assesses its capacity to predict tendering performance under information limitations typical of those found in field applications. But this assessment cannot be done without complementing the model with controlled laboratory experiments. Subject to their external validity, we find that the model is able to make the correct policy recommendation when comparing the tender to an equivalent fixed price scheme, even when the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Procurement; Tenders; Conservation; Economic experiments; Model validation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C91; C92; D44; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100884

Evaluating Economic and Environmental Benefits of Soil and Water Conservation Measures Applied in Missouri
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benson,   Verel W.
This study used a combination of methods to evaluate the value of Missouri's Department of Natural Resources (MODNR)conservation programs for the affected regional economies.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44774

EVALUATING ECONOMICS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION UNDER HIGH AND LOW INPUTS FARMING SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khakbazan,   Mohammad; Monreal,   M.; Derksen,   D.A.; Zentner,   Robert P.
A serious concern about the sustainability of existing production systems has resulted from the low profitability of agriculture and the deterioration of the natural resource base.  As a result of these concerns, increased attention has been given to alternative farming practices in order to decrease the use of fossil fuels, to enhance the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization, and to increase the implementation of conservation tillage practices. Farmers are recommended to include pulse crop into their rotation since legumes form symbiotic associations with bacteria that can fix atmospheric N2 reducing the need of nitrogen fertilizer application and the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG) production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economics of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34197

EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laarman,   Jan G.
Discussions of "sustainable development" call attention to various dimensions of human well-being to be considered concomitantly with traditional financial and economic measures. The challenge of environmental impact analysis (EIA) is to encourage re-design of projects so that net benefits are maximized over some weighting of economic, environmental, and other criteria. To date, development organizations have been under attack by environmentalists for ignoring or conveniently overlooking environmental damages of development projects.  Explanations for this include inadequate institutional commitment to link resource conservation with economic development, short time horizons, narrow evaluation criteria, problems of monetary valuation, and problems with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11896

Evaluating Nature Conservation: The Case of Meadow Birds in The Netherlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Strijker,   Dirk; Sijtsma,   F.J.; Bettels,   K.
Healthy growth towards sustainability requires evaluation methods that incorporate ecological and economic effects. Evaluating ecological effects in monetary terms would permit the use of Cost-Benefit Analysis. Major methodological difficulties hamper use of this approach. In this paper an alternative evaluation method is used. The method consists of a Multicriteria Analysis (MCA), in which the different aspects of nature conservation projects can be evaluated in their own terms. The net result of the monetarised effects is part of a CBA that is integrated as one of the criteria. This framework is applied to a major, publicly financed nature conservation project in the Netherlands. The project is based on a fixed budget and a fixed area in which nature can...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26457

Evaluating Non-Price Water Demand Policies During Severe Droughts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuck,   Eric C.; Proft,   Rebecca; Waskom,   Reagan.
Western states and provinces live under constant drought threat. When and how to time restrictions on outdoor watering are crucial management issues. The effectiveness of various policies is assessed using experience from Colorado during a severe drought.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46364

Evaluating Regulatory Impact Analyses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harrington,   Winston; Morgenstern,   Richard D.
Federal agencies in the United States are required to prepare regulatory impact analyses (RIAs) for every major regulatory action they undertake. Increasingly, other OECD countries are imposing similar requirements. However, there has been little examination of the quality of these documents or of the uses to which they have been put in the regulatory process or elsewhere. In this paper we survey previous efforts to evaluate RIAs and find a fair amount of evaluation of RIAs as stand-alone documents, but much less evaluation of their contribution to producing better regulations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regulation; RIA; Benefit-cost analysis; Cost-effectiveness analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; H11; H43.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10774

Evaluating the efficiency of a N-input tax under different policy scenarios at different scales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petsakos,   Athanasios; Jayet,   Pierre-Alain.
Nitrate pollution from agriculture is an important environmental problem, caused by the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers. The internalization of this externality, via a tax on mineral nitrogen, could lead to a second best solution, reducing nitrate emissions. Several authors suggest that a reduction in agricultural support could produce similar results. In this paper we examine the effects of a nitrogen levy on nitrate pollution from agriculture in northern France under two different policy scenarios corresponding to (i) the Agenda 2000 and (ii) the Luxembourg reform of 2003, including the 2006 arrangement. The analysis aims at revealing what synergies or conflicts are created between a fertilizer levy and the policy scenarios, with respect to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop model; Mathematical programming; Nitrogen response curves; Nitrate pollution; Nitrogen tax; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109397

EVALUATING THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF CONTRACT AUCTIONS TO AEP'S EFFICIENCY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gallerani,   Vittorio; Raggi,   Meri; Viaggi,   Davide.
Agri-Environmetal Policy (AEP) application raised a wide debate about the determination of payment levels and the efficiency of the economic instruments used. In particular, some aspects support the hypothesis of relevant rents due to an overcompensation of farmers� compliance costs. A policy tool suitable for improving the efficiency of AEP can be the adoption of auctions mechanisms in contract allocation. In theory, in an auction mechanism, the farmers have incentives to reveal their compliance costs, helping to reduce the information rents and increase cost-effectiveness. A crucial problem therefore arises from the uneven distribution of information between landowners and the public administration. Auctions mechanism can be useful in reducing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Auction; Agri-Environmental Policy; Information asymmetries.; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6660

Evaluating the potential contribution of contract auctions to Agri-Environmental Policy efficiency: A simulation model for Emilia-Romagna (Italy)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viaggi,   Davide; Raggi,   Meri; Gallerani,   Vittorio.
Auctions are a potentially suitable policy tool for increasing the efficiency of Agri- Environmental Schemes (AES) through an improved allocation of contracts. In theory, through the auction mechanism, farmers have incentives to reveal their compliance costs, helping to reduce information rents and increase policy cost-effectiveness. The aim of this paper is to simulate the potential contribution of auction mechanisms to the efficiency of AES in Emilia-Romagna (Italy). The results show advantages for auctions compared with traditional flat rate payments based on average compliance costs. However, their performance is worse than flat payments based on marginal compliance costs.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Auction; Contract; Agri-Environmental Policy; Information asymmetry; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118671

Evaluating the sustainability of impounded river systems and the cost-effectiveness of dam projects: An ecosystem services approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tompkins,   Jean-Marie; Hearnshaw,   Edward J.S.; Cullen,   Ross.
In recent times, there has been increasing demand in the Canterbury region of New Zealand for the abstraction of water from rivers. The impact of this demand has lead to unacceptable minimum river flows and has adversely affected river ecology. In an effort to resolve these issues dams have been constructed. To evaluate the impact of these dam projects on all river values, an ecosystem services approach is developed. This ecosystem services approach coupled with various evaluation methods are applied for the purposes of assessing the cost-effectiveness of the Opuha Dam and the sustainability of the Opihi river system now modified by the Opuha Dam. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this dam project cost utility analysis is applied through the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cost utility analysis; Dam projects; Ecosystem services; Impounded river systems; Indicators and sustainability.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q27; Q51; Q58; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100720

Evaluating Water Conservation Strategies and Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jordan,   Jeffrey L.
The four papers presented at this invited session examine various ways that economic analysis can be used to examine issues of water conservation strategies and policies. Three of the four are focused on water issues in Texas, and one examines a private insurance contract scheme for irrigation scheduling using Georgia weather and water data. All four papers are well written and interesting, but all four illustrated the limits of conventional economic analysis in its ability to shed light on public policy. This is particularly the case in the heavy reliance on economic efficiency analysis that is employed in the papers.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46989

Evaluation of Agro-Environmental Policy through a Calibrated Simulation Farm Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   Kristiana; Frahan,   Bruno Henry de.
This paper evaluates the production and income effects from the adoption of one popular agro-environmental measure, which concerns buffer strips along field edges, on a representative sample of crop farms in Belgium taken from the Farm Accountancy Data Network database. We represent the economic behaviour of each crop farm with a profit-maximisation programming model that embeds an estimated ex-ante flexible cost function. We calibrate the simulation model using the Positive Mathematical Programming approach. Accounting for farm and regional heterogeneity, simulation results show how crop farms may respond differently to incentives for the agroenvironmental measure. Results demonstrate that economic incentives can be an effective mechanism for encouraging...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114577

Evaluation of CO2 Emissions by Kansas Agribusiness Retailers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Canales,   Elizabeth; Boland,   Michael A.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and their negative effect on the environment is a growing concern in the world. It is estimated that agriculture is responsible for 7% of the total GHG emissions in the United States.  Currently, environmental policies to regulate GHG are in place in different countries and are expected to increase in the future. The objective of this study was to estimate carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions from eight agribusiness retailers in Kansas. Data consisted of energy inputs from the operation of the agribusiness retailers and the crop land these retailers serve. Carbon emission coefficients were employed to determine carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions associated with each energy input used during their operations. Results suggest...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Climate change; Environmental economics; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61310

Evaluation of Conservation Biological Control Innovation in Winegrowing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cullen,   Ross; Forbes,   Sharon; Grout,   Rachel; Smallman,   Clive.
Conservation biological control (CBC) aims to improve conditions for natural enemies in agricultural landscapes and has the goal of reducing pest species below threshold level to thus avoid the need for synthetic chemicals.  The CBC approach has been introduced in several counties, including New Zealand.  Agricultural R&amp;D is widely studied, however agricultural innovations and their adoption is less studied.  A CBC practice introduced in Waipara vineyards is described in this paper and an evaluation of the uptake and economic sustainability of this innovation is provided.  Results indicate that there are ongoing costs involved with maintaining the innovation and that adoption of the innovation is highly variable across winegrowing properties.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Winegrowing; Conservation Biological Control; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97986

EVALUATION OF CONSERVATION POLICIES FOR REDUCING NITROGEN LOADS TO THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND GULF OF MEXICO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tanaka,   Katsuya; Wu,   JunJie.
This study integrates economic and physical models to estimate the social costs of several commonly suggested policies (chemical-use tax and three types of conservation payments) for reducing nitrogen loads to the Mississippi River and for controlling hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. The economic models predict farmer's crop rotations, tillage practices, and participation in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) at more than 44,000 Natural Resource Inventory sites in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. The estimated land use changes under the four policies are incorporated into a physical model to assess their impact on nitrate-N concentrations in the Mississippi River. Results suggest that the fertilizer-use tax is much more cost-effective than the three...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20135

Evaluation of current and future water resources development in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCartney,   Matthew P.; Alemayehu,   Tadesse; Shiferaw,   Abeyu; Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele.
Lake Tana, located in the headwaters of the Blue Nile, is valuable for many people including the communities who live around the lakeshore and those who live immediately downstream. The area has been identified as a region for hydropower and irrigation development, vital for economic growth in Ethiopia. A multidisciplinary study was conducted to assess the possible impacts of this development. This study found that current development has benefited some local people but adversely affected others. Future development will exacerbate pressure on the lake. Hard choices must be made about how the water is best utilized. It is important that all stakeholders, including local people, are involved in the decision-making process.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Lakes; Weirs; Environmental flows; Water resources development; Models; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94776

Evaluation of historic, current and future water demand in the Olifants River Catchment, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCartney,   Matthew P.; Arranz,   Roberto.
Water resource development has played a significant role in the expansion of agriculture and industry in the Olifants River Catchment. However, currently water deficit is one of the major constraints hampering development in the catchment; both the mining and agricultural sectors are producing below optimal levels because of their reliance on insufficient supplies. In this study, the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model was used to evaluate scenarios of historic, current and future water demand in the catchment. For each scenario, the WEAP model was used to simulate demand in five different sectors (rural, urban, mining, commercial forestry and irrigation) over a 70-year period of varying rainfall and hydrology. Levels of assured supply were...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: River basins; Catchment areas; Water resources development; Water demand; Water allocation; Simulation models; Calibrations; Water use; Irrigation water; Domestic water; Ecology; South Africa; Olifants River Catchment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61095

Evaluation of historic, current and future water demand in the Olifants River Catchment, South Africa.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCartney,   Matthew P.; Arranz,   Roberto.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: River basins; Catchment areas; Water resources development; Water demand; Water allocation; Simulation models; Calibrations; Water use; Irrigation water; Domestic water; Ecology; South Africa; Olifants River Catchment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57026

EVALUATION OF WILLINGNESS TO ACCEPT AND ADOPT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS AMONG SMALLSCALE FARMERS IN NJORO DISTRICT, KENYA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ayuya,   Oscar Ingasia.
Carbon markets are developing world wide with the major aim of environmental protection and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Some carbon sequestration projects have been started in Kenya though it is still not yet a vibrant investment in spite of the available suitable biophysical land. Njoro district has no such project regardless of being affected by deforestation. One inevitable result has been the unpredictable rainfall pattern constituting overall climate change, increased surface run off, the low water levels in river Njoro, loss of biodiversity and the increased poverty in the region. It is still not clear if such projects are to be initiated, the smallscale farmers would be willing to accept and adopt them. There was need therefore, to...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117799

Evaluierung von Agrarumweltprogrammen auf Grundlage der Umwelteffizienz landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Francksen,   Tammo; Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe.
This paper sets out to develop an economic framework for ex post evaluations of agri-environmental schemes. We begin by developing a non-parametric model for estimating farm-level environmental efficiency scores. We then use this efficiency framework to devise a set of economic criteria for evaluating agri-environmental schemes. One key criterion is whether an environmental scheme has given rise to an increase in environmental efficiency scores across participating farms, relative to a counterfactual group of non participants. We finally demonstrate the potential usefulness of the framework by applying it to a fictitious multiple-objective conservation programme. The dataset is made up of 100 fictitious farms, half of which participate in the environmental...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental efficiency; Evaluation; Agri-environmental policy; Performance measurement; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97596

Evidence from panel unit root and cointegration tests that the Environmental Kuznets Curve does not exist
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perman,   Roger; Stern,   David I.
The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis – an inverted U-shape relation between various indicators of environmental degradation and income per capita – has become one of the ‘stylised facts’ of environmental and resource economics. This is despite considerable criticism on both theoretical and empirical grounds. Cointegration analysis can be used to test the validity of such stylised facts when the data involved contain stochastic trends. In the present paper, we use cointegration analysis to test the EKC hypothesis using a panel dataset of sulfur emissions and GDP data for 74 countries over a span of 31 years. We find that the data is stochastically trending in the time-series dimension. Given this, and interpreting the EKC as a long run...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116988

EVIDENCE OF THE EFFECTS OF WATER QUALITY ON RESIDENTIAL LAND PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leggett,   Christopher G.; Bockstael,   Nancy E.
We use hedonic techniques to show that water quality has a significant effect on property values along the Chesapeake Bay.  Mindful of the limitations of using hedonic methods for welfare analysis, we calculate the potential benefits from an illustrative (but limited) water quality improvement.  Past hedonic studies have almost entirely ignored the potential for omitted variables bias -- the possibility that pollution sources, in addition to emitting undesirable substances, are likely to be unpleasant neighbors.  We discuss the implications of this oversight, and we provide an application that addresses the problem head-on.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water quality; Hedonic models; Residential land prices; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20919

EVOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL LAW: IMPACTS ON PRIVATE LANDOWNERS AND PUBLIC USES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yandle,   Bruce.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17718

EX POST LIABILITY VERSUS EX ANTE BONDING AS INSTRUMENTS FOR ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mooney,   Sian; Gerard,   David.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36427

Examining Point-Nonpoint Trading Ratios for Acid Mine Drainage Remediation with a Spatial-Temporal Optimization Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Xiaobing; Fletcher,   Jerald J.
A trading ratio is required for water quality trading that involves nonpoint sources to compensate for the difficulty of determining nonpoint loadings, the stochastic characteristics of nonpoint loadings, and the uncertainty inherent in nonpoint source pollution control strategies. Compensating for risk and uncertainty is one of the primary justifications that a trading ratio greater than one is commonly considered. However, the appropriate specific value of a trading ratio remains unclear because of qualitative differences between point and nonpoint sources. This study addresses a growing concern with the analytical underpinnings of point/nonpoint trading ratios in water quality trading programs. This paper considers a basic spatial-temporal optimal...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Point-nonpoint water quality trading; Trading ratio; Acid mine drainage; Spatial-temporal optimization; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19231

Examining resilience and vulnerability as concepts conditional upon human values: a review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Chazal,   Jacqueline.
Whilst there has been progress in understanding the role that values play in determinations of vulnerability and resilience, I suggest some key points continue to be overlooked. I offer three propositions to describe how values underpin such concepts, summarised as ‘no fixed characterization’, ‘no fixed relationships’ and ‘no fixed trends’. These propositions are not new and have been made in other contexts. Based on a literature review of vulnerability and resilience in the global environmental change area, I elaborate on how these propositions are not adequately accommodated, in particular in relation to ideas of biophysical and social vulnerability, specified versus general resilience, and assignments of desired trend direction (increasing resilience or...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107581

Examining the Effects of Ecological and Political Boundaries on the Potential for Water Quality Trading: Lessons from a Southeastern Trading Framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keiser,   David A.; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Bergstrom,   John C.; Smith,   Nathan B.; Radcliffe,   David E.; Risse,   Mark L.; Fowler,   Laurie A.
Water quality trading (trading) as a means to improve water quality has become an increasingly popular instrument considered by environmental policy makers.  Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency lists more than forty current trading programs in the U.S., only a few active markets exist.  The literature identifies several hurdles to trading, overcoming which requires a deeper understanding of the interaction between local environmental, legal, and economic conditions.  Particular challenges include thin markets, uncertainty related to the course and fate of nutrient flows, varying degrees of political support, and high transaction costs related to market infrastructure, monitoring, and enforcement.  These hindrances often arise from and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water quality trading; Phosphorus trading; Nutrient trading; Water pollution; Pollution markets; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49323

Examining the Factors Influencing Environmental Innovations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Zoboli,   Roberto.
Technological innovation is a key factor for achieving a better environmental performance of firms and the economy as a whole, to the extent that it helps to increase the material/energy efficiency of production processes and to reduce emission/effluents associated to outputs. Environmental innovation may spur from exogenous driving forces, like policy intervention, and/or from endogenous factors associated to firm market and management strategies. Despite the crucial importance of research in this field, empirical evidence at firm microeconomic level, for various reasons, is still scarce. Microeconomic-based analysis is needed in order to assess what forces are lying behind environmental innovation at the level of the firm, where innovative practices...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12041

EX-ANTE EVALUATION OF AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL SCHEMES: COMBINING ELEMENTS OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC DECISION MAKING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bartolini,   Fabio; Gallerani,   Vittorio; Viaggi,   Davide.
The objective of this paper is to set a complete ex-ante evaluation to support Decision Makers in designing more efficient and effective agri-environmental contracts, through an integrated modelling of elements of private and public decision making. Ex-ante comparison of policy design options in terms of overall effectiveness requires both simulations of farmers' behaviour and evaluation of the farms simulations outcomes. An intermediate step is the aggregation of single farms impacts at territorial level, in order to identify the aggregate impact of each alternative. Alternatives are several contract design, based on different levels of payments. Farm level analysis is based on a real options approach including in the simulations the timing of choice and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental schemes; Real Options; Investments; Decoupled payments; Uncertainty; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6639

Ex-ante evaluation of tightening environmental policy: the case of mineral use in Dutch agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kruseman,   Gideon; Blokland,   Pieter-Willem; Luesink,   Harry H.; Vrolijk,   Hans C.J.
Non-point source pollution is notoriously difficult to asses. A relevant example is mineral emissions in the Netherlands. Since the mid 1980s the Dutch government has sought to reduce emissions through a wide variety of measures, the effect of which in turn is monitored using modeling techniques. This paper presents the current generation of mineral emission models from agriculture based on microsimulation of farms in combination with a spatial equilibrium model for the dispersion of manure from excess regions with high livestock intensities within the country to areas with low livestock intensities. The micro-simulation approach retains the richness in the heterogeneity of farm household decision making that are the core cause of the difficulty of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Micro-simulation; Spatial-equilibrium model; Non-point source pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43644

Ex-ante Policy Assessment of Agricultural, Environmental, and Rural Policies from an Institutional Perspective: The Procedure for Institutional Compatibility Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Theesfeld,   Insa; Schleyer,   Christian; Callois,   Jean-Marc; Aznar,   Olivier.
Ex-ante impact assessment of agricultural, environmental, and rural policies has become an integral part of political decision making processes in the EU. While there is a large variety of agrienvironmental modelling tools available to analyse likely social, economic, and environmental impacts of these policies, scientifically well-founded ex-ante policy assessment tools capturing the institutional dimension are still missing. In this paper, we introduce a formalised procedure for modelling – ex-ante – institutional aspects for policy implementation: the ‘Procedure for Institutional Compatibility Assessment’ (PICA). PICA has been designed as an explorative, yet formalised methodology that enables policy makers to identify at an early stage potential...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Methodology; Ex-ante Policy Assessment; Institutional Policy Assessment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43646

Exit Timing Decisions under Land Speculation and Resource Scarcity in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranjan,   Ram; Tapsuwan,   Sorada.
This paper explores the concept of agricultural resilience in the context of climate change related water scarcity. Specifically, the impact of water scarcity on agricultural production is analyzed to derive the timing of exit decisions for farmers faced with the prospect of declining profitability in agriculture but increasing benefits from land rezoning in future. The prospects of land rezoning are modeled as a poison process which may or may not be influenced by farmer’s water abstraction decisions. Selling out of agriculture before land rezoning has an impatience cost as the farmer does not gain the maximum speculative rewards. The analysis highlights the role of such speculative rewards in making farmers resilient to declining profitability in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural resilience; Exit timing; Water scarcity; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5998

Exits Among U.S. Burley Tobacco Growers After the End of the Federal Tobacco Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tiller,   Kelly; Feleke,   Shiferaw T.; Starnes,   Jane H.
This study explores the relationship between family/farm characteristics and the probability of exiting burley tobacco farming in Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia. Following the termination of the federal tobacco program in 2004, 54% of burley tobacco–growing households in Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia exited burley tobacco farming by 2006. Tobacco yield, tobacco farm cash receipts, tobacco price, off-farm employment, and farm size are the most dominant variables discriminating between exiting and surviving tobacco farms. Data for this study came from a mail survey of burley tobacco producers in Tennessee, Virginia, and North Carolina in May 2006.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Burley tobacco; Exit; Federal tobacco program; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty; C25; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90674

Expanding biogas on UK dairy farms: a question of scale
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Butler,   Allan J.; Hobbs,   Phil; Winter,   Michael.
Expanding Anaerobic Digestion (AD) in the UK will not only depend upon finding appropriate economic structures to support on‐farm developments but also an appreciation of environmental issues such as less Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions; reduced use of artificial fertilisers; and better management of farm wastes. At the core of this paper is the Anaerobic Digestion Analytical Model (ADAM) that examines the economic and environmental impacts of integrating AD into UK farming systems. However, the average dairy farm in the UK is not of sufficient size to enable profitable biogas production. Indeed, farm size, as represented by FBS/FAS data used in ADAM, needs to be scaled by three to four times for a biogas enterprise to break‐even. To boost profitability,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Anaerobic digestion; Biogas; Dairy farming; Carbon dioxide; Nutrients; Digestate; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108937

Expected Impact of Agricultural Nonpoint Sources Special Land Treatment (AgNPS-SALT) Projects
Provedor de dados: 31
This set of reports describes the computer based evaluation of 6 AgNPS-SALT Projects in Missouri and assesses the use of SWAT as an evaluation tool. The analyses estimates nutrient, sediment, and pesticide loading reductions for each project.  Titles include:  Final Report, Computer Based Evaluation of the AgNPS-SALT Project (19-06); Long Branch Lake Watershed, Computer Based Evaluation of the AgNPS-SALT Project (20-06); Upper and Lower Big Maries River Watersheds Computer Based Evaluation of the AgNPS-SALT Project (06-06); Flat Creek Watershed, Computer Based Evaluation of the AgNPS-SALT Project (13-06); Jenkins Basin Watershed Computer Based Evaluation of the AgNPS-SALT Project (16-06); Miami Creek Watershed, Computer Based Evaluation of the AgNPS-SALT...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44779

EXPERIENCE LEASING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION OFFSETS FROM SUSTAINABLE FARMING PRACTICES (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Williams,   Jeffrey L.
PowerPoint presentation
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33019

Experience with Market-Based Environmental Policy Instruments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
Environmental policies typically combine the identification of a goal with some means to achieve that goal. This chapter for the forthcoming Handbook of Environmental Economics focuses exclusively on the second component, the means - the "instruments" - of environmental policy, and considers, in particular, experience around the world with the relatively new breed of economic-incentive or market-based policy instruments. I define these instruments broadly, and consider them within four categories: charge systems; tradable permits; market friction reductions; and government subsidy reductions. Within charge systems, I consider: effluent charges, deposit-refund systems, user charges, insurance premium taxes, sales taxes, administrative charges, and tax...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market-based policy; Economic incentives; Tradable permits; Emission taxes; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10909

EXPERIMENTAL MARKETS AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shogren,   Jason F.
Experimental markets can be a useful tool to guide and evaluate environmental policy.  This paper reviews four experiments to illustrate.  Two institutional experiments are considered-Coasian bargaining with positive transaction costs, and a gaming experiment of dynamic choice in a conflict.  Two valuation experiments are also discussed-the impact of sequential reduction mechanisms on the value of risk, and experimental auction markets to elicit the value of safer food.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31538

Experimental study of effectiveness of nonpoint source water pollution control group contract.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pushkarskaya,   Helen N.; Arkes,   Hal; Pieratt,   Jason; Bamba,   Ibrahim.
The goal of this experimental study was to test an effectiveness of a group contract designed to control nonpoint source water pollution from farms' runoff (Pushkarskaya 2003). In particular, the regulator pays for pollution reduction credits earned by the group of the farmers, who voluntary enter the contract,  and is concerned only with the total level of the abatement achieved, while the group of farmers undertakes responsibility to distribute the payment so as to induce the farmers to deliver the desired level of abatement. First round of experiments was conducted using as subjects undergraduate students from the Ohio State University, second round of experiments was conducted using as a subjects Kentucky farmers, who would be an actual subjects to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19309

Experimental Testbeds for ECOSEL: A Market Framework for Private Provision of Forest Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toth,   Sandor F.; Rabotyagov,   Sergey S.; Ettl,   Gregory J.
We attempt to design a market framework (which we call ECOSEL) for private provision of forest ecosystem services. ECOSEL is a non-regulatory framework that uses a voluntary public good provision mechanism (in a form of an auction) in conjunction with a multiobjective optimization algorithm to create a market for forest ecosystem services. It is expected to be attractive to the demand side of the ecosystem service market since only Pareto-efficient bundles of services are offered for auction, and it is expected to be attractive to the supply side as well by creating a source of non-timber income for forest landowners. ECOSEL is capable of flexible response to demand for other relevant dimensions of forest-related environmental amenities such as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49565

Explaining Environmental Management System Development: A Stakeholder Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bremmers,   Harry J.; Omta,   S.W.F. (Onno); Haverkamp,   Derk-Jan.
Managerial changes are necessary for companies in the Dutch food industry and agribusiness to lessen the environmental impact of their activities. To identify the opportunities or limits of environmental management systems (EMSs), it is important to first understand what influence stakeholders have on EMS development. In an empirical research we found that developmental levels of internally oriented EMSs, which primarily aim at internal administrative procedures, are explained mainly by the frequency of contacts with governmental authorities. For this kind of EMSs, non-commercial stakeholder groups have a major influence on the corporate environmental policy. Externally oriented EMSs, which focus on joint efforts in supply chains, are influenced by...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental management; Stakeholders; Environmental policy; Information system; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8127

Explaining Finnish Farmers' Policy Responses with Environmental Attitudes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arovuori,   Kyösti.
In general, farmers are often found to be resistant to environmentally targeted agricultural policies. On the other hand, a part of farmers are clearly self-motivated to undertake farm practices that are beneficial to the environment and resource conservation. What motivates these farmers to participate? How much of this participation can be explained with attitudes, and where these attitudes arise from? In this paper, we analyze the effect of farmers‟ attitudes towards environmental policies and related issues on their farm level policy choice. The policy response analyzed is farmers‟ choice to implement voluntary contract-based special measures in the current agri-environmental support scheme. Our results show that farmers fall into different groups in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farmers; Agri-environmental policies; Policy choice; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114216

Explaining Participation in the Conservation Reserve Program and its Effects on Farm Productivity and Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Chang,   Hung-Hao.
Using a three-stage sample selection model, we identify factors affecting the probability and level of participation in CRP. Statistical tests support hypotheses that off-farm work and participation in other farm programs are exogenous to the CRP decision. We compare the relative technical and scale efficiencies for CRP participants and non-participants.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CRP; Choice Modeling; Productivity; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19321

EXPLAINING RURAL HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION IN RECYCLING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jakus,   Paul M.; Tiller,   Kelly; Park,   William M.
Rising landfill costs have forced solid waste managers to consider waste stream reduction alternatives such as household recycling.  Explaining the factors which motivate households to recycle is important to regions where households must bear a large portion of the recycling cost because unit-based garbage disposal fees and curbside recycling are not feasible options. Empirical results indicate that residents are responsive to constraints introduced by the household production technology, such as time costs and storage space, but are not responsive to variables measuring a recycling promotional program. Promotion efforts should switch focus from broader "public good" benefits of recycling to reducing household-level household production constraints.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dropoff recycling; Household recycling participation; Rural regions; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15529

Exploratory Research into the Resilience of Farming Systems during Periods of Hardship
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parsonson-Ensor,   Chris; Saunders,   Caroline M.
This paper investigates the management strategies and responses used by New Zealand sheep and beef farmers to ensure resilience during periods of hardship. Using two, farm level surveys conducted in 1986 and 2010, some aspects of resilient farming systems were identified. Despite apparent hardship current farmers seemed more willing to take risks, with many more borrowing to invest in on farm developments than those in 1986. The main similarity between time periods was the greatest response to economic changes being the adoption of a low input policy. This result was quite significant, as conventional farmers are generally believed to resort to other strategies or responses.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resilience; New Zealand; Indicators; Sustainable agriculture; Strategies; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115511

Exploring Environmental-Economic Benefits from Agri-Industrial Diversification in the Sugar Industry: An Integrated Land Use and Value Chain Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roebeling,   Peter C.; Smith,   D. Mark; van Grieken,   Martijn.
The sugar industry in Queensland (Australia) is confronted with increasing economic pressure and environmental constraints. To explore whether agri-industrial diversification of the sugar industry provides a sustainable development pathway for the region, we develop a spatial environmental-economic approach that integrates a land use and value chain model with a hydrological model. Results indicate that agri-industrial diversification can lead to substantial increases in regional income, while at the same time increasing the resilience of a sugar industry facing decreasing sugar prices. Agri-industrial diversification drives land use diversification, which under current sugar prices does not lead to a reduction in sugarcane production. Water quality...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spatial economics; Environmental economics; Value chains; Agri-industries; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C6; O18; Q13; Q53.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25755

Exploring Linkages Among Agriculture, Trade, and the Environment: Issues for the Next Century
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krissoff,   Barry; Ballenger,   Nicole; Dunmore,   John C.; Gray,   Denice.
Many trade and environment issues will confront agriculture over the next several years. This report provides an economic framework to better understand these issues and discusses prior empirical inquiries and findings. Four primary issues are addressed: (1) how will environmental policies affect agricultural trade?; (2) how will agricultural trade liberalization affect environmental quality?; (3) to what extent should there be international harmonization of environmental policies and product standards?; and (4) is there economic justification for using trade measures to protect the environment? This report demonstrates that basic economic paradigms can provide a basis for understanding how trade and the environment interact. The few empirical studies...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Agricultural policy; Trade policy; Trade; Environment; Harmonization; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33961

Exploring production-theoretical insights for analyzing trade-offs between economic performance and environmental pressure at firm level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van Meensel,   Jef; Lauwers,   Ludwig H.; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido; Van Passel,   Steven.
The objective of this paper is to construct a framework for analyzing trade-offs between economic performance and environmental pressure at firm level. Based on a literature review, partially conflicting economic-environmental trade-off paradigms are structured and five necessary conditions for adequate trade-off analysis are put forward. These conditions are delimitating a clear system for which trade-offs are analyzed, assessing the direction of causality between economic performance and environmental pressure, allowing for firm-specific trade-off differences, comprehensiveness with respect to management activities that can be evaluated and flexibility to analyze trade-offs under different market and environmental regulation conditions. To deal with the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade-off analysis; Production theory; Economic performance; Environmental performance; Materials balance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51725

Exploring Scope and Scale Issues in Choice Modelling Design
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Wang,   Xuehong.
The key tasks in the design of a choice modelling (CM) experiment are to define the scope, scale and frame of the tradeoffs presented to respondents. This study explores the scale and scope of choice tasks and then develops definitions of these terms. The scope of a good in a stated preference experiment refers to the dimensions used to define the good as well as the tradeoffs involved. The scale refers to the quantities involved. The framing refers to the context in which the choices are made. The discussion helps identify issues when setting the contingent market for a choice experiment.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Scale; Scope; Framing; Embedding; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94806

Exploring Spillover Effect of Public Investments in Conservation Programs onto Agritourism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Joshua; Thilmany,   Dawn D.
Public investment in farmland-based conservation, such as the Conservation Reserve and Wetlands Reserve Programs (CRP and WRP, respectively), have improved the environmental state of many lands.  In this study, we posit that CRP and WRP may contribute to a new farm income stream based on the enhanced recreational opportunities perceived by tourists on farmland that has richer wildlife and fish habitat.  Using a new field from the 2002 Ag Census, agritourism (recreational activities as hunting, fishing, and wildlife viewing) is modeled as a function of place characteristics (natural amenities and urban influence), scale of agricultural lands and sales and CRP/WRP investments in a cross-county analysis of the West.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19189

Exploring sustainable technical alternatives for Dutch dairy systems by integrating agro-economic modelling and public preferences assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parra-Lopez,   Carlos; Groot,   J.C.J.; Carmona-Torres,   Carmen; Rossing,   W.A.H.
Theoretical discussions on the joint consideration of multiple (economic, social and environmental) functions when assessing the sustainability of human actions are increasing. However few studies exist that integrate the social demand for multifunctional agriculture in the evaluation of the sustainability and the global welfare of society. This paper presents a methodology to answer to these questions: Which are the social demands for the multiple functions of agriculture and how can they be quantified?; Which are the feasible technical alternatives of land management to satisfy these demands?; What is the value of the land use alternatives according to social preferences and which alternatives optimally satisfy the social preferences?. The net utility of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land-use planning; Public preferences; Agro-economic models; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44253

Exploring the role of fertilizer application on the sustainability of Greek potato farms: A DEA application
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vasileiou,   Konstantinos Z.
Farm sustainability is becoming an increasingly important issue to European agriculture. However, fertilizer leaching to groundwater is still a major concern for Greek agriculture. The impact on the maximum potential short-run profit and yield, when fertiliser application dose is limited to certain point, was examined, using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Spring potato farmers were found to apply rather high doses of chemical fertiliser, which poses high potential risk for nitrate and phosphorus leaching to groundwater. However, restricting nitrogen application to the doses recommended by agronomists would imply only little economic and yield sacrifices on potato farms,but resulting to significant reduction to potential environmental risk.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Farm management; Data envelopment analysis; Farm sustainability; Shortrun profit; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118573

Extended Product Responsibility: An Economic Assessment of Alternative Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palmer,   Karen L.; Walls,   Margaret.
Extended Product Responsibility embodies the notion that agents along a product chain should share responsibility for the life-cycle environmental impacts of the product, including those associated with ultimate disposal. Extended Producer Responsibility is a narrower concept which places responsibility on producers and focuses primarily on post-consumer waste disposal. Manufacturer "take-back" requirements are the policy lever most often associated with Extended Producer Responsibility. In this paper, we discuss alternative incentive-based policies that are consistent with the objectives of Extended Product and Producer Responsibility. We argue that an upstream combined product tax and recycling subsidy (UCTS) is generally more cost-effective and imposes...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Solid waste; Extended product responsibility; Recycling; Unit pricing; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; H2.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10830

Externalities of groundwater contamination due to pollution and effects on human and animal health in Karnataka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Varuni,   C.N.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.; Nagaraj,   N.; Srikanthmurthy,   P.S.
In this study, negative externality due to distillery pollution on agriculture in Kabini command in Nanjanagudu taluk, Mysore District is estimated. The spent wash let in lagoons enables settling heavy metals to infiltrate soils, gradually affecting soil and health. The distillery opened during 1985 and farmers apparently began experiencing the negative externalities due to pollution from 1995. The groundwater extracted for irrigation was the first victim of distillery pollution rendering it unfit even for irrigation purposes. Paddy, sugarcane, Banana, Jowar, Mulberry, Coconut, Ragi are the major crops being grown in this command area. For this study, all the 35 distillery pollution affected farmers in the Distillery Dffluent Polluted Villages (DEPA,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sand mining; Externality; Groundwater depletion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43622

Extra-Market Values and Conflicting Agricultural Environmental Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poe,   Gregory L.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121164

Extra-market values and water management in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Geoffrey N.
Efficient water management requires information on the magnitudes of all values associated with water volumes and quality, both in-situ and in extractive uses. This paper reviews and summarises New Zealand research into extra-market values placed on water. Studies have addressed issues as diverse as maintenance of ground water and instream flows, the value of recreational activities, and the quality of household water supplies. Results indicate that people place high values on avoiding further degradation of the natural environment, and in-situ values can have a significant role in water allocation efficiency despite high consumptive values of water.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57904

Factor Input Demand Subject to Economic and Environmental Risk: The Case of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Corn Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carriker,   Gordon L.
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer demand in relation to economic and environmental risks associated with N-fertilizer management are examined. Both nominal and environmental damage-adjusted net returns distributions are evaluated using stochastic dominance analysis. Results suggest that, in the absence of environmental risk, N demand becomes more elastic as farmers become more risk averse. When environmental risk is introduced to the decision-making process, N demand becomes even more elastic.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental damage; Factor input demand; Nitrogen fertilizer management; Risk; Stochastic dominance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118154

Factors Affecting Farmers' Participation in Agri-Environmental Measures: Evidence from a Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Defrancesco,   Edi; Gatto,   Paola; Runge,   C. Ford; Trestini,   Samuele.
Starting from the McSharry reform in 1992, environmental conservation and minimization of negative agricultural impacts through adoption of agri-environmental farming practices have gained momentum within the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Agenda 2000 and the recent issuing of Regulation 1698/2005 – with its strong accent on CAP’s second pillar – have further emphasized the need to reduce environmental risks within the context of sustainable and integrated rural development. Nowadays, agrienvironmental measures are the only compulsory measure for Member States in the Rural Development Programs. The result of this shift in CAP objectives is the increased agri-environmental spending in the total EU agricultural budget and the parallel growth in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental schemes; Farmers’ participation; Attitudes; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6688

Factors Affecting Reduction of Fertilizer Application by Farmers: Empirical Study with Data from Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Yu; Zhang,   Jun-biao; Du,   Jiang.
Non-point source pollution arises from fertilizer application in China. This paper empirical test the major factors which affect fertilizer application amount using econometric models and micro-level data from Jianghan plain in Hubei province by year 2006. The results demonstrate that housemaster’s education level, family’s management scale, land fragmentation are major factors affecting farmer’s decision-making process. When farmers have consciousness of scientific fertilization, higher agricultural labor proportion, farther land distance, longer production period could decrease fertilizer application amount. In the field of agricultural public policy, training for technical generalization is helpful in reducing fertilizer consumption.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-point source pollution; Farmer; Fertilizer application; Influence factors; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50355

Factors influencing adoption of agroforestry among smallholder farmers in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kabwe,   Gillian; Bigsby,   Hugh R.; Cullen,   Ross.
Agroforestry technologies have been extensively researched and introduced to smallholder farmers in Zambia for over two decades. Despite the research and extension effort over this period, not many farmers have adopted these technologies. The purpose of this paper is to determine why agroforestry technologies are not being taken up by examining factors that influence the adoption of agroforestry practices. Based on data obtained from 388 farming households, statistical analysis show an association between adoption of both improved fallows and biomass transfer technologies with knowledge of the technology, availability of seed, and having the appropriate skills. In addition some household characteristics are found to be linked to the incidence of adoption....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry adoption; Smallholder farmers; Limitations to adoption; Chi-square tests of independence analysis; Zambia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97135

Factors influencing CDM locations in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Jiwoong; Feng,   Hongli.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61627

Factors Influencing Consumer Likelihood of Purchasing a Flexible-Fuel or Hybrid Automobile
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Xiaogu; Clark,   Christopher D.; Jensen,   Kimberly L.; English,   Burton C.; Yen,   Steven T.
Developing fuels and vehicles that reduce our reliance on fossil fuels has become a priority due to the threat of global climate change and desire for reduced dependence on oil imports. Flexible-fuel vehicles that can run on ethanol/gasoline blends of up to 85% ethanol and hybrid electric vehicles present two such opportunities. While production of both flexible-fuel and hybrid vehicles is increasing, there is still a great deal of uncertainty about how consumers will respond to these products. To address this uncertainty, data was collected through an online survey of automobile owners that asked respondents how likely they were to choose either a flexible-fuel or hybrid vehicle as their next vehicle. A bivariate probit model was used to jointly analyze...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Flexible-fuel vehicles; Ethanol; E85; Hybrid electric vehicles; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60981

FACTORS INFLUENCING OPTIMAL STOCKING RATES FROM A TENANT PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: May,   Gary J.; Jones,   Rodney D.; Langemeier,   Michael R.; Dhuyvetter,   Kevin C.
The terms of grazing lease contracts potentially influence the tenant’s incentive to preserve the vegetation resource. Annual stocking rate decisions dictate the degree of overgrazing, which can be cumulative over long periods of time. The objective of this study is to identify the impact the tenant’s planning horizon and cost structure specified in the lease contract has on his/her profit-maximizing stocking rate. A multi-period nonlinear programming model was developed to identify economically optimal stocking rates each year over a 24-year period. The model was solved under 1-, 4-, 8-, and 12-year leases on a “per acre” and “per head” basis.  The relative importance of each lease alternative and input variable on the tenant’s optimal stocking rate was...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16632

Factors Influencing Private Landowner  Restoration Investment Decisions in Coastal Louisiana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dedah,   Cheikhna O.; Kazmierczak,   Richard F., Jr.; Keithly,   Walter R., Jr.
Coastal wetland loss has been a major problem in Louisiana, exceeding 1.2 million acres over the last century alone. Although federal, state, and local efforts have attempted to combat this loss from a public perspective, little has been done to encourage private landowners to maintain and protect their coastal lands.  This paper investigates the factors that influence private landowners to invest in coastal wetland restoration and maintenance activities in Louisiana.  We surveyed private coastal landowners to determine their general socioeconomic characteristics, attitudes toward risks, attitudes toward wetland conservation, current uses of landholdings, and previous investments in wetland restoration and maintenance projects. Using this survey data, an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wetlands; Restoration; Investment; Risk; Attitudes; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56451

Factors Influencing Soil Conservation Decisions in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Upland Farmers in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sureshwaran,   Suresh; Londhe,   S.R.; Frazier,   P.
This study examines the factors that influence the adoption intensity of a soil conservation technology in a developing country. Factors that influence adoption intensity may not be the same as those that influence the incidence of adoption. In this study, adoption intensity is defined as the percentage of total upland acreage planted with Sloping Agricultural Land Technology by farmers in the Philippines. Because of the dependent variable’s truncated nature, a Tobit model is used in the analysis. Economic theory and previous research provide the basis for the soil conservation decision variables included in the study. Results suggest that age of the head of household, tenure status, availability of family labor, and government programs have significant...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Soil conservation decisions; Intensity of adoption; Tobit models; Developing countries; Upland farmers; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90379

Factors Influencing the Green House Gas Footprint of US Dairy Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Popp,   Jennie S. Hughes; Thoma,   Greg; Ulrich,   Rick; Matlock,   Marty B.; Kellogg,   W.; Clayton-Niederman,   Z.; Kemper,   Nathan; Pilgrim,   R.; Shonnard,   D.; Adom,   F.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90906

Factors Influencing Willingness-to-Pay for the Energy Star Label
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   David O.; Clark,   Christopher D.; Jensen,   Kimberly L.; Russell,   Clifford S.; Yen,   Steven T.
In the United States, nearly 17 percent of greenhouse gas emissions come from residential energy use. Increases in energy efficiency for the residential sector can generate significant energy savings and emissions reductions. Consumer labels, such as USEPA’s Energy Star, promote conservation by providing consumers with information on energy usage for household appliances. This study examines how the Energy Star label affects consumer preferences for refrigerators. An online survey of a national sample of adults suggest that consumers are, on average, willing to pay an extra $249.82 to $349.30 for a refrigerator that has been awarded the Energy Star label. Furthermore, the results provide evidence that willingness to pay was motivated by both private...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Energy Star; Willingness-to-pay; Eco-label; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61141

Factors of population decline in rural areas and answers given in EU member states’ strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karcagi-Kovats,   Andrea; Katona-Kovacs,   Judit.
One of the most pressing phenomena in recent decades in Europe’s rural areas is population decline. This article summarises how the national sustainable development strategies (NSDS) and the national rural development programmes (NRDP) of the European Union (EU) Member States conceptualise processes of depopulation of rural areas. It gives a systematic overview of the main factors of population decline identified in the strategies and programmes and lists the objectives set and measures proposed by these documents. Although the majority of documents identify the depopulation process and all consider it to be a negative phenomenon, there are no commonly accepted objectives or principles regarding the desired extent of demographic changes in rural areas: the...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: European Union; Rural population decline; Strategies; Sustainability; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122451

Fair policies for the coffee trade - protecting people or biodiversity?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kitti,   Mitri; Heikkila,   Jaakko; Huhtala,   Anni.
We investigate the role that economic instruments can play in the eradication of poverty and preservation of biodiversity in agroforestry management in coffee production. Most of the world's coffee producers live in poverty and manage agro-ecosystems in regions that culturally and biologically are among the most diverse on the globe. Despite the relatively recent finding that bees can augment pollination and boost coffee crop yields substantially, the short-term revenues to be had from intense monoculture drive land-use decisions that destroy forest strips serving as habitats for pollinating insects. Our study investigates the possibility of multiple equilibria in the adoption of technology in coffee production; farmers specialize in environmentally...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11858

Fairness, Credibility and Effectiveness in the Copenhagen Accord: An Economic Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: De Cian,   Enrica; Favero,   Alice.
State-of-the-art literature on climate change policies has proposed numerous approaches for the Post-Kyoto agreement. However, in analysing the outcome of negotiations, the feeling is that a huge gap exists between policy makers and scientists. This paper tries to bridge this gap by providing a critical and comparative analysis of the Copenhagen Accord provisions, linking them to a part of the climate-economy literature. It assesses Copenhagen outcome in terms of economic efficiency, environmental effectiveness and political credibility. Our conclusion suggests that the Copenhagen Accord succeeded in considering some of the climate policy principles, namely credibility, equity and fairness. First, the change in political leadership indicates a more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Climate Policy Architecture; Integrated Assessment Model; Post-Kyoto; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q56; Q43.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59478

Fallstudie zur Entwicklung der Landwirtschaft in einem benachteiligten Gebiet ohne Ausgleichszula-ge am Beispiel zweier Landkreise im Westharz (Niedersachsen)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pitsch,   Marion; Gasmi,   Samy.
Zusammenfassung: Die Fallstudie „Westharz“ bildet die letzte einer Reihe von fünf Studien, die im Rahmen der Evaluierung der Ausgleichszulage für benachteiligte Gebiete entstanden sind. Ziel der Fallstudien war es, die Wirkung der Ausgleichszulage auf verschiedene Bereiche der Landwirtschaft und des ländlichen Raumes in einem für die Gesamtuntersuchung als „typisch“ charakterisierten benachteiligten Gebiet vertieft zu untersuchen. Die ausgewählte Region „Westharz“ steht dabei stellvertretend für eine Mittelgebirgsregion mit der Besonderheit, dass das Land Niedersachsen von 1996 bis 2009 die Ausgleichszulagenzahlung ausgesetzt hat. Entsprechend lag ein Fokus der Studie auf der Entwicklung der Landwirtschaft nach dem Wegfall der Ausgleichszulage. Dazu wurden...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Benachteiligte Gebiete; Ausgleichszulage; Fallstudie; Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik; 2. Säule; Less Favoured Areas; Compensatory allowance; Case study; Common agricultural policy; Pillar II; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q 18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103255

Fallstudie zur Wirkung der Ausgleichszulage  im Altmarkkreis Salzwedel (Sachsen­Anhalt)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pohl,   Christian.
Zusammenfassung: Ziel dieser Fallstudie ist, die Wirkung der Ausgleichszulage auf verschiedene Bereiche der Landwirtschaft und des ländlichen Raumes in einem „typischen“ benachteiligten Gebiet vertieft zu untersuchen. Die Region steht dabei stellvertretend für eine Ackerbauregion mit Roggenanbau auf leichten Böden in den neuen Bundesländern. Dazu wurden vorhandene Statistiken, relevante Literatur und die Daten des BMELV­Testbetriebsnetzes ausgewertet sowie Befragungen mit Landwirten und Experten durchgeführt. Anhand einer schriftlichen Befragung von Beratern aus strukturell ähnlichen Landkreisen wurde die Übertragbarkeit der Fallstudie geprüft und alle Ergebnisse anschließend auf einem Workshop mit den zuständigen Fachreferenten der Länder und des Bundes...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Benachteiligte Gebiete; Ausgleichszulage; Fallstudie; Less Favoured Areas; Compensatory allowance; Case study; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q18; Q19.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103254

Fallstudie zur Wirkung der Ausgleichszulage  im Landkreis Oberallgäu (Bayern)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rudow,   Katja; Pitsch,   Marion.
Zusammenfassung: Ziel dieser Fallstudie im Landkreis Oberallgäu ist es, die Wirkung der Ausgleichszulage auf verschiedene Bereiche der Landwirtschaft und des ländlichen Raumes in einem „typischen“ benachteiligten Gebiet vertieft zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden vorhandene Statistiken, relevante Literatur und die Daten des Testbetriebsnetzes ausgewertet sowie Befragungen mit Landwirten und Experten durchgeführt. Anhand einer schriftlichen Befragung von Beratern aus strukturell ähnlichen Landkreisen wurde die Übertragbarkeit der Fallstudie geprüft und alle Ergebnisse anschließend auf einem Workshop mit den für die Ausgleichszulage zuständigen Fachreferenten der Länder und des Bundes diskutiert.  Ergebnis der Fallstudie war, dass zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung die...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Benachteiligte Gebiete; Ausgleichszulage; Berggebiet; Fallstudie; Less Favoured Areas; Compensatory allowance; Mountainous areas; Case study; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; P25; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103252

Fallstudie zur Wirkung der Ausgleichszulage im Landkreis St. Wendel (Saarland)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gasmi,   Samy.
Zusammenfassung: Ziel dieser Fallstudie im Landkreis St. Wendel ist es, die Wirkung der Ausgleichszulage auf verschiedene Bereiche der Landwirtschaft und des ländlichen Raumes in einem „typischen“ benachteiligten Gebiet vertieft zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden vorhandene Statistiken, relevante Literatur und die Daten des Testbetriebsnetzes ausgewertet sowie Befragungen mit Landwirten und Experten durchgeführt. Anhand einer schriftlichen Befragung von Beratern aus strukturell ähnlichen Landkreisen wurde die Übertragbarkeit der Fallstudie geprüft und alle Ergebnisse anschließend auf einem Workshop mit den für die Ausgleichszulage zuständigen Fachreferenten der Länder und des Bundes diskutiert. Die Benachteiligung im Landkreis St. Wendel ist in erster Linie der...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Benachteiligte Gebiete; Ausgleichszulage; Kleine Gebiete; Fallstudie; Less Favoured Areas; Compensatory allowance; Case study; Areas with specific handicaps; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q18; Q19.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103253

FARM ADVISORY SERVICES AND PESTICIDE TOXICITY ON COTTON AND PEANUTS IN THE ALBEMARLE-PAMLICO WATERSHED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitra,   Sonali; Bosch,   Darrell J.; Taylor,   Daniel B.; Pease,   James W.
According to a Virginia-North Carolina watershed survey, farmers view advisory services as having the effect of decreasing pesticide use.  However, analysis of pesticide use shows that hired staff, scouting personnel, and extension agents are associated with higher pesticide toxicity applied to cotton while chemical dealers and scouting personnel are associated with higher toxicity applied to peanuts.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20969

Farm and Forest Carbon Sequestration: Can Producers Employ it to Make Some Money?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Butt,   Tanveer A.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Selling carbon is a potential future source of income for farmers and foresters. Currently, however, policies are not in place to provide substantial incentives—except for a lucky few.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94007

Farm Animal Welfare, Consumer Willingness to Pay, and Trust: Results of a Cross-National Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nocella,   Giuseppe; Hubbard,   Lionel J.; Scarpa,   Riccardo.
Higher animal welfare standards increase costs along the supply chain of certified animal-friendly products (AFP). Since the market outcome of certified AFP depends on consumer confidence toward supply chain operators complying with these standards, the role of trust in consumer willingness-to-pay (WTP) for AFP is paramount. Results from a contingent valuation survey administered in five European Union countries show that WTP estimates were sensitive to robust measures of consumer trust for certified AFP. Deriving the WTP effect of a single food category on total food expenditure is difficult for survey respondents; hence, a budget approach was employed to facilitate this process.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Animal welfare; Certification; Consumer trust; WTP; Budget approach; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; C81; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96832

Farm Income Issues Data Source Book
Provedor de dados: 31
This publication is a resource book of statistics on farm income in Canada. Farm income is a complex issue reflecting the complexity of Canadian farms and agricultural production in Canada. There are   approximately 247,000 farms in Canada of which some 98% are operated as family farms. To provide a better understanding of the financial conditions of farms in Canada and the families that operate these farms the   resource book focuses on both income and the pressures facing Canadian agriculture. Charts, figures and tables with brief accompanying text are used to summarize information and to provide base performance   indicators.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Statistics on farm income; Agricultural production; Financial conditions of farms in Canada; Performance indicators.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Production Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53933

Farm Inputs and Agri-Environment Measures as Indicators of Agri-Environment Quality in Hungary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Katona-Kovacs,   Judit; Takacs,   Peter; Szabo,   Gabor G.
The paper deals with agri-environmental indicators, examines farm inputs, on the basis of statistical data of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Szabo, Pomazi 2002) and the Eurostat (2004). The examined indicators are placed in the agricultural DPSIR model. The paper presents how the use of farm inputs changed in Hungary from 1980-2000. Farm inputs are related to the inputs of the EU-15, the study demonstrates that today they are below the EU- 15 average. Area under agri-environmental measures in 2003 - which covered the 4% of agricultural area of Hungary - as a response indicator is also presented and based in the land-use zone system developed by Godollo Agricultural University (Angyan et al., 1998).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental measures; Farm inputs; Indicators; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24582

Farm Management and Environmental Issues in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vazzana,   Concetta.
In the framework of general progress towards sustainable development, a review of European Union policy for an environmentally sustainable form of agricultural production is provided. At European level, interest is increasingly focused on integration of environmental aspects into the general policy. Agriculture is recognised as being multifunctional in character, since it plays an important role in protecting rural areas. This has had a direct influence in changing the CAP, which in the past ten years has acquired environmental awareness, and many efforts have been made by Member States to reduce the pressure of agricultural practices on the environment. The results obtained with the application of the CAP) in terms of improvement of the environmental...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6984

FARM PROGRAMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE FOR A LIMITED LAND PAYMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.
The results of estimating reduced form supply and input demand functions suggest that farm programs have increased the area planted to corn and soybeans in the corn belt by about 12 percent, and increased fertilizer and chemical use per acre by about 18 percent. It is argued that a limited land payment (LLP) program would be neutral in its effect on the environment while helping to preserve family farms and rural communities.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13876

FARM PROGRAMS, PESTICIDE USE, AND SOCIAL COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29419

Farm Return and Land Price Effects from Environmental Standards and Stocking Density Restrictions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weersink,   Alfons; Devos,   Greg; Stonehouse,   D. Peter.
This study assesses the economic and environmental effects to hog finishing farms from residual taxes/standards and restrictions on manure application and stocking density. Economic effects are measured in terms of net farm income and land prices, while levels of ammonia and excess nitrogen and phosphorus proxy the environmental effects. Any environmental policy requiring the need for additional land comes at a small cost to farmers who have access to adequate neighboring land. If this is not the case, then manure application and stocking density restrictions are expensive since the producer is basically forced to either purchase land or reduce hog production levels.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31260

FARMER WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR HERBICIDE SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Owens,   Nicole N.; Swinton,   Scott M.; van Ravenswaay,   Eileen O.
Microeconomic studies often make two assumptions: 1) producers focus on profit maximization, disregarding "external" environmental and health costs; and 2) producers have full information about their production processes and markets.  This study examines whether these assumptions are valid for the herbicide use decisions of Michigan corn growers.  It further examines corn growers' willingness to pay for reductions in risk associated with the use of herbicide safety characteristics.  The approach used involves a mail survey designed to simulate the market for herbicide formulations described as identical to atrazine except that the "new" herbicide formulations are described as a) not carcinogenic to humans, b) not leachable into groundwater, or c) nontoxic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20942

Farmer-based financing of operations in the Niger Valley irrigation schemes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abernethy,   Charles L.; Sally,   Hilmy; Lonsway,   Kurt; Maman,   Chegou.
Presents the results of case-studies of the functioning of four pump-based irrigation systems in the Niger River Valley. Prospects for sustainability are analyzed, especially in the light of the government's policy of promoting irrigator organizations to take over responsibilities for operation and maintenance.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Irrigation systems; River basin development; Sustainability; Water resources development; Low-lift irrigation; Low-lift pumps; Farmer managed irrigation systems; Farmers' associations; Institution building; Privatization; Performance evaluation; Constraints; Case studies; Financing; Costs; Climate; Food production; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics; Public Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44573

Farmers as Producers of Clean Water: Getting Incentive Payments Right and Encouraging Farmer Participation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Collins,   Alan R.; Maille,   Peter.
This research involved a field experiment using watershed payments as an incentive for farmers to address agricultural non-point pollution (ANP).  Objectives were to:  (1) describe how payments were estimated for a field experiment; (2) explain why a team approach is needed for ANP; (3) discuss the essential elements used for recruitment of farmers into a field experiment setting; and (4) address whether or not farmers were motivated to participate and pursue ANP abatement.  One year into the experiment, the results are encouraging.  About one-half of farmers who attended meetings are participating.  They own or operate approximately 41% of the agricultural land in the watershed.  Farmer actions to date have included determining an allocation formula for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Field experiment; Team approach; Agricultural non-point pollution; Performance-based incentives; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6342

Farmers in Low Socioeconomic Status Counties Enroll Less Land, Receive Less CRP Funding Per Acre
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ueda,   Kohei; Hand,   Michael S.; Farrigan,   Tracey L.
Participation in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is associated with a number of farm and operator characteristics. But casual observation suggests that socioeconomic status is also correlated with program enrollment outcomes. This study examines the relationship between county-level socioeconomic status and participation patterns in CRP, while controlling for other factors that typically impact program enrollment. Result suggest that farms in low socioeconomic status counties are less likely to participate, enroll a smaller share of their land, and receive less per acre enrolled.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation reserve program; Socioeconomic status; American Indian reservations; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60980

Farmers’ strategies for adapting to climate change in Ogbomoso agricultural zone of Oyo state
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ajao,   A.O.; Ogunniyi,   L.T.
The climate is changing and global mean temperatures have increased this is expected to have profound effects on food security. Long-term changes in climate will disproportionately affect tropical regions, meaning poor farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa will likely bear the brunt of adverse impacts. Adaptation plays an important role in reducing vulnerability to climate change and is therefore critical and of concern in developing countries, particularly in Africa where vulnerability is high because ability to adapt is low. This study examined farmers’ strategies for adapting to climate change in Ogbomoso agricultural zone of Oyo State of Nigeria. One hundred and fifty farmers were interviewed to obtain information from using a multistage sampling procedure....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate; Probit; Mulchin; Adaptation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116378

Farmers' Willingness to Grow Cover Crops:  Examining the Economic Factors of Adoption in Alabama
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergtold,   Jason S.; Fewell,   Jason E.; Duffy,   Patricia A.
The inclusion of cover crops in cropping systems brings both direct and indirect costs and benefits. The literature has shown that cover crops can improve soil conservation and productivity, potentially improving cash crop yields and decreasing cash crop production costs. Farmers will adopt cover crops if the net economic benefit of utilizing them is positive. This study examines farmers’ willingness to grow cover crops as a soil conservation practice and to examine the socio-economic factors affecting their decision. Survey data collected in 2007-8 from Alabama farmers about cover crop adoption and management is utilized to estimate a cover crop adoption model.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cover crops; Conservation; Adoption; Generalized ordered logit; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61486

FARMING OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE VENICE LAGOON WATER BASIN; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bombana,   Manuela; Rosato,   Paolo.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14386

Farming profitably in a changing climate: a risk management approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grant,   Colin; Knight,   Catherine; Nation,   Eloise; Barratt,   David.
Climate science has made enormous progress over the last two decades in understanding the nature of earth's climate and the changes that are taking place. Under climate change projections, we can say with some confidence that the Australian climate will continue to become hotter, and temperature-related extreme events are likely to increase in frequency. However, we cannot yet project with any reasonable level of confidence changes to rainfall and the occurrence of drought.  So although there is strong evidence for the reality of climate change, there is still considerable uncertainty associated with projections of precisely how climate change will unfold in the future, particularly at regional and local scales where most farming management decisions are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Risk management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9255

Farming Systems in Swampland Ecosystems: A case study in South Borneo, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yanti,   Nuri Dewi; Lumley,   Sarah; Rumley,   Dennis.
In Indonesia, agriculture makes a significant contribution to the economy. The sector generates about twenty percent of gross domestic product (GDP), is a major employer, and produces foreign exchange from non-oil exports. However, with increased population pressure, especially in the densely populated island of Java, the area of land for agriculture has decreased and cultivation has been forced to expand to marginal land outside Java. To facilitate expansion, the Indonesian government carried out a long-term transmigration programme, which was intended to distribute people from the crowded inner islands of Java and Bali. In Southern Borneo, some of transmigrants are settled on tidal swampland. Because the characteristics of swampland are different from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Swampland ecosystem; Farming systems; Transmigration; Indonesia.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58274

Farmland Conservation in the Netherlands and British Columbia, Canada: A Comparative Analysis Using GIS-Based Hedonic Pricing Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotteleer,   Geerte; Stobbe,   Tracy; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
As a result of urban development farmland in many countries is under pressure. Reasons to preserve farmland are related to cultural heritage, food safety, open space, the environment, but also slowing and restricting development is a reason. To protect farmland countries use different land use policies. This paper will look specifically at two jurisdictions: The Netherlands and a particularly rich farming area in British Columbia, Canada. For these areas we will investigate how the institutions and laws present in these jurisdictions contribute to agricultural land preservation. We will analyse farmland values in a GIS-based hedonic pricing framework to answer this question. This combination enables us to analyse direct impacts of laws and regulations...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hedonic pricing models; Zoning policies; Geographical Information System; Agricultural land values at the urban fringe; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q10; Q15; R52.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37045

FARM-LEVEL DETERMINANTS OF CONVERSION TO SUSTAINABLE FARMING PRACTICES IN THE NEW MEMBERS STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cristoiu,   Adriana; Cobos,   Blanca Lucena; Caceres-Clavero,   Francisco.
A field survey carried out in 2005 in the Czech Republic and Lithuania to investigate the determinants of converting to organic farming reveals that farmer's own belief and the intrinsic characteristics of the farm increase the likelihood of conversion. If the process of certification as an organic farm implies important changes of the structure of the farm, it lowers the propensity of farmers to consider the conversion to organic. When considering the case of family farms, results of a logit model reveal that apart from farmers' own belief in the environmental or food quality benefits of organic farming, availability of information/own knowledge about the characteristics of technology to be adopted, availability of extra labour, and membership to farmers'...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Organic; Adoption; NMS; CAP.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8512

FARM-LEVEL RESPONSE TO AGRICULTURAL EFFLUENT CONTROL STRATEGIES: THE CASE OF THE WILLAMETTE VALLEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Michael L.; Adams,   Richard M.; Miller,   Stanley F.
This article examines economic incentives and other mechanisms to offset non-point source pollution from agriculture. A biophysical simulator to estimate technical relationships is linked to linear programming models for representative farms in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. The models are then optimized for profit maximization under alternative non-point pollution control policies. The results indicate that site-specific resource conditions and production possibilities greatly influence policy effectiveness and the cost of achieving pollution abatement. Nevertheless, some abatement is possible on all farms for relatively little cost.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30744

Farm-Level Risk Management Using Irrigation and Weather Derivatives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lin,   Shanshan; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Hoogenboom,   Gerrit.
An agronomic crop growth model—the Decision Support System for Agro-Technology Transfer—and a constant relative risk aversion utility function are used to examine corn irrigation strategies in Mitchell County, Georgia. Precipitation contracts are designed to help farmers manage risk. Three conclusions originate from the findings. First, the optimal irrigation strategy can greatly increase producers’ certainty-equivalent revenue. Second, changes in water pricing policy would have a limited impact on the amount of water used. And third, across levels of risk preference, the precipitation contracts are not effective in increasing certainty-equivalent revenue or reducing cumulative water use.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Irrigation risk management; Water pricing policy; Weather derivative contract; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D8; G22; Q15; Q25.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46986

Fear or greed? Duty or solidarity? Motivations and the development of sociocognitive and moral reasoning: experimental evidences from public-goods provision dilemmas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meyer,   Leandro Fredrico Ferraz; Braga,   Marcelo Jose.
The paper presents results connecting the participant’s motivations and behaviors in a step-level give some dilemma with the constructs in a selected theory of adult personality systems development including value judgment and moral reasoning.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Public-goods; Experimental economics; Psychosocial development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C72; C92; D74.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51339

FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: A SUMMARY OVERVIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carriker,   Roy R.
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), which was signed into law on January 1, 1970, has come to be regarded as the first major piece of federal legislation to call for comprehensive attention to environmental concerns in the United States. During the two decades following enactment of NEPA, Congress adopted and then refined major legislation on nearly every aspect of environmental quality concerns: air pollution, water pollution, drinking water quality, hazardous waste management, wildlife protection, pesticide use, and several related problem areas. Current arguments for environmental regulatory reform are a phase in the continuing evolution of this body of federal environmental policy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Environmental regulation; Regulatory reform; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15231

Federal Forest Policy and Community Prosperity in the Pacific Northwest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Bruce A.; Chen,   Yong.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Amenities; Community Wealth; Federal Forest Policy; Income; Northern Spotted Owl; Northwest Forest Plan; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; R11; R12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122803

Feeding the Cities and Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Beyond the Food Miles Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Cara,   Stephane; Fournier,   Anne; Gaigne,   Carl.
In this paper, we study the impact of urbanization on the location of agricultural production and the GHG emissions related to transportation activities. We develop an economic geography model where the location of agricultural activities and urban population are endogenous. We show that increasing agricultural yields induce the spatial concentration of agricultural production in the least urbanized region if agricultural transport costs are relatively low and in the most urbanized region otherwise. In addition, interregional trade in agricultural commodities is desirable to reduce GHG emissions, except when urban population is equally split between cities. However, the market may induce too much agglomeration of agricultural production when yields are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Urbanization; Agriculture location; Transport; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Q10; Q54; R12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114350

Feedlots, Air Quality, and Dust Control- Benefit Estimation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yu,   Chin-Hsien; Park,   Seong Cheol; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Amosson,   Stephen H.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Animal feeding operation; Dust; Odor; Externality; Social welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103786

Feeling the heat: Financial crises and their impact on global climate change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giedraitis,   Vincentas Rolandas; Girdenas,   Sarunas; Rovas,   Adomas.
This interdisciplinary paper uses world-systems analysis as a theoretical framework to argue that both the 1870s, 1930’s economic depressions reduced mean global temperatures. As global consumer demand fell, factories worldwide began producing less commodities and, as a result, emitted less greenhouse gasses. We find that in both instances there is evidence to support the hypothesis that financial crises lead to cooler temperatures.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Kondratiev waves; Schumpeter; World-systems analysis; Environmental economics; Global climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; N22; N50; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94609

Fenntarthatósági kihívások és a biomassza-alapú energiatermelés
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dinya,   Laszlo.
Az emberiséget érintő globális kihívások között az energiaellátás növekvő fon¬tossága sokak figyelmét ráirányítja az agrárgazdaság ilyen irányú lehetséges szerepére. Magyarország kiváló mezőgazdasági adottságaiból kiindulva többen már biomassza nagyhatalomként is aposztrofálták hazánkat. A biomassza-alapú energiatermelés (azaz a bioenergetika) lehetőségeinek és korlátainak vitájában azonban gyakran elkövetik azt a hibát, hogy a kérdést a fenntarthatóságtól függetlenül tárgyalják. Ennek következtében országos, ágazati vagy projektszinten is találkozha¬tunk félrevezető kalkulációkkal, amelyek téves üzleti vagy akár gazdaságpolitikai döntések forrásává álhatnak. Tanulmányunkban azt javasoljuk, hogy a bioenergetikai ágazat stratégiai fejlesztésénél a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fenntartható energiagazdálkodás; Bioenergetika; Bioenergetikai potenciál; Társadalmi és környezeti hatások; Sustainable energy management; Bioenergetics; Bioenergy potential; Social and environmental effects; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92488

Fenntarthatósági vizsgálatok a vidékfejlesztésben
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Csete,   Maria.
A fenntarthatóság jelentősége és aktualitása nem szorul különösebb bizonyításra, mert tapasztalható, hogy a természeti rendszerek körforgásának, vagy az anyagi javak újratermelésének zavarai már az emberi létezést veszélyeztetik. A vizsgálat tárgyául a Tisza-tó térsége, illetve a Tisza-tó Térségi Fejlesztési Tanácsba tömörült 73 település szolgált. Hazánkban a fenntarthatósági vizsgálatok szerepe a vidékfejlesztésben kiemelt jelentőségű. A vidéki térségek fejlettségi szintjei és lehetőségei erőteljesen befolyásolhatják a fenntarthatóság gyakorlati megvalósításának esélyeit, amint azt korábbi vizsgálataink is alátámasztották. A vizsgált területen a támogatásokban meghirdetett fejlesztési elgondolások kérdőíves vizsgálatának eredményei alapján...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fenntarthatóság; Vidékfejlesztés; Kistérség; Empirikus felmérés; Sustainability; Rural development; Micro-region; Empirical survey; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92529

Fiddling while carbon burns: why climate policy needs emission pervasive pricing as well as technology promotion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pezzey,   John C.V.; Jotzo,   Frank; Quiggin,   John C.
Effective climate policy requires global emissions of greenhouse gases to be cut substantially, which in energy sectors can be achieved by lower emissions supply technologies, greater energy use efficiency, and substitution in demand. For policy to be efficient requires fairly uniform, pervasive emission pricing from taxes, permit trading, or hybrid combinations of the two, as well as significant government support for low-emission technologies. We compare the kind of technology-focused climate policies currently adopted by Australia and the USA, the ‘'Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate'’ (AP6), against this ideal policy yardstick. We find they omit the need for emission pricing to achieve abatement effectively and efficiently; they...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas emissions; Abatement; Emission taxes; Emissions trading; Technology policy; Innovation; Asia-Pacific Partnership; AP6; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10395

FINANCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRADEOFFS OF PHOSPHORUS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON VERMONT DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parsons,   Robert L.
FLIPSim is combined with GISPLM to provide policymakers and dairy farmers estimated farm financial impacts on the implementation of 8 Best Management Practices (BMP) designed to reduce phosphorus loading in Lake Champlain. Financial performance indicators are derived for three Vermont dairy farms (60, 150, and 350 cows).  Results indicate that feed reformulation and nutrient management are the least cost BMPs but that a combination of 4 BMPs cannot meet the 8% reduction goal.  Additional, less effective but more costly BMPs will have to be implemented to meet the goal.  None of the individual BMPs cause any of the farms to go out of business.  However, the initial declining financial position of the small farm is hastened by the implementation of all BMP's...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19786

FINANCIAL AND HEALTH COSTS OF PESTICIDE USE IN GROWING CONVENTIONAL AND GENETICALLY MODIFIED POTATOES IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Veeman,   Michele M.; White,   Elspeth.
The majority of potato farming in Canada occurs in tightly clustered geographic locations and requires substantial chemical inputs.  The possibility of pesticide drift, pesticide residues on food and the effect of pesticides on the environment, leads to interest in quantifying the different effects that pesticides may have on human health and the environment.  This study focuses on the potential use of genetically modified potatoes, the associated issue of pesticide residues in the air, and the potential impact of this on the health of farmers, their families, and others in the context of Prince Edward Island.  Reductions in costs of potato farming and reduced health costs that may be associated with lower pesticide applications in growing genetically...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34199

Financial Responsibility for Environmental Obligations: Are Bonding and Assurance Rules Fulfilling Their Promise?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyd,   James.
Financal assurance rules, also known as financial responsibility or bonding requirements, foster cost internalization by requiring potential polluters to demonstrate the financial resources necessary to compensate for environmental damage that may arise in the future. Accordingly, assurance is an important complement to liability rules, restoration obligations, and other regulatory compliance requirements. The paper reviews the need for assurance, given the prevalence of abandoned environmental obligations, and assesses the implementation of assurance rules in the United States. From the standpoint of both legal effectiveness and economic efficiency, assurance rules can be improved. On the whole, however, cost recovery, deterrence, and enforcement are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial assurance; Financial responsibility; Bonding; Environmental insurance; Environmental Economics and Policy; K13; Q38; K32.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10809

Financing Agri-Environmental Programs in Poland: The Importance of Regional Preferences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ziolkowska,   Jadwiga; Kirschke,   Dieter.
The main objective of the paper is to study the importance of regional preferences in financing agri-environmental programs. The analysis is based on results of a case study conducted in South-eastern Poland. As environmental protection in agriculture is complex and often considered in political strategies, it is worth analyzing the differences in perception of the respective environmental objectives from a regional perspective. Taking into account natural conditions and the economic situation in agriculture in the voivodship Podkarpackie, the question is, how regional objectives could be achieved effectively with a given budget. Using linear programming, we discuss in this paper, how regional preferences would guide budget allocation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programs; Environmental objectives; Linear programming; Budget allocation; Poland; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q14; Q57; C6.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25658

FINANCING ASPECTS OF INVESTMENTS FOR POLLUTION ABATEMENT ON MICHIGAN DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baker,   Timothy G.
In recent years the condition of our physical environment has become an area of increasing public concern.  This concern has manifested itself in the form of legislated rules, formulated and administered by public agencies at the local, state, and federal levels, designed to control the use and degradation of the environment in a manner consistent with societal goals and objectives.  Of the forms of environmental degradation pollution of the air and waters has received particular attention. Agriculture has a number of sources or potential sources of pollution.  These include: (1)  human wastes from the farm (human) population; (2) crop residues; (3) food processing wastes; (4) dead animals; (5) agricultural chemical residues; and (6) animal wastes....
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11129

Financing Structures for CDM Projects in India and Capacity Building Options for EU-Indo Collaboration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deodhar,   Vinay; Michaelowa,   Axel; Krey,   Matthias.
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) enables industrialized countries to meet a part of their emission reduction requirements through purchase of emission reduction credits from projects in developing countries. Various studies have concluded that India is likely to be one of the major countries supplying such projects. However, in order that a large number of high-quality CDM projects is developed and result in Certified Emission Reductions as specified by the international CDM Executive Board, the institutional set up in the Indian finance sector has to be suitably geared up. So far, banks and financial institutions have not developed procedures for efficient financing of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Climate Policy; CDM; Financial Institutions; India; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26139

FINANCING THE DISPOSAL OF UNWANTED AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Centner,   Terence J.; Gunter,   Lewell F.
The disposal of accumulated agricultural pesticides is an expensive proposition due to the hazardous nature of these materials.  States have inititated unwanted pesticide collection efforts based on several funding options.  Through an evaluation of regulations, funding options and comparison of amounts of pesticides collected to expenditures for pesticides, our paper offers some recommendations for future state collection efforts.  It may be advantageous to give greater weight to efficiency considerations for the disposal of existing unwanted pesticide stocks, while equity considerations may be emphasized for the disposal of anticipated future stocks.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16724

FINANCING THE DISPOSAL OF UNWANTED AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gunter,   Lewell F.; Centner,   Terence J.
Since the mid 1980s, it has been recognized that significant quantities of unwanted pesticides are being retained by agricultural producers in barns and other out buildings throughout the United States.  State governments have responded to the hazards posed by these pesticides by implementing programs to collect and dispose of them.  This paper reviews issues related to costs and funding of pesticide collection and disposal programs.  Primary and secondary information on states' approaches to and experiences with unwanted pesticide removal is presented.  Differences in the theoretical impacts of various collection funding methods on reducing unwanted pesticide stocks and allocating disposal costs are discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21024

Financing threatened species management: the costs of single species programmes and the budget constraint
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moran,   Emma; Cullen,   Ross; Hughey,   Kenneth F.D.
In New Zealand total annual funding allows 15 percent of the 2,400 threatened species to be targeted for management. Although management costs are crucial to a conservation organisation's ability to achieve its goals, estimates of costs are not usually included in applications for funding or the preparation of recovery plans. Cost is also not generally a factor in priority ranking systems and cost-effectiveness analysis is rarely conducted. Using the results of analysis of 11 single species programmes for 2003-2012, this paper investigates the costs of management. It also considers the impact of the budget constraint on outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and investment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Threatened species; Management; Cost; Budget constraint; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98498

Finding a sustainable linkage between the emerging farmer and formal markets: The case of pick ‘n pay and the Zanyokwe farmers in the eastern Cape of South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bediako,   J.A.; Debrah,   Kofi.
A major problem confronting rural and emerging farmers is the marketing of their products. Most of the farmers encountered depend on the local or village markets which are often saturated or purchases are not backed by effective demand to make sales meaningful for the desired benefits. Small scale South African farmers have not been able to access the formal sector to sell their goods. There are several reasons for this which is linked to the nature of the historical evolution of the South African agricultural sector and in particular the food production system. Recently, it has been argued that the small scale farmers are not able to meet the standards that are set by the formal sector and are therefore responsible for their own exclusion by producing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51993

Finding the Stronger Impact among Bribery, Financial Reward, and Religious Attitude: The Insights of Experiment on Environmental Tax Compliance in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Iskandar,   Deden Dinar; Wuenscher,   Tobias.
The degradation of environmental quality has been one of the main concerns in Indonesia. The government has mentioned the environmental tax as the instrument of environmental management; however, the primary potential problem will be the issue of compliance. Inspired by the situation in Indonesia, this study is expected to contribute on environmental regulation and tax compliance literatures by examining and comparing the impact of bribery, financial reward, and religious attitude on compliance in a developing country where the bribery prevails. The study employs laboratory experiment approach. The results indicate that bribery has the strongest impact; the presence of bribery significantly worsens the compliance. Financial reward enhances the compliance...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental tax; Compliance; Laboratory experiment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124316

Fire Risk and the Economics of Sequestering Carbon in Forests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stainback,   G. Andrew; Alavalapati,   Janaki R.R.
The impact of fire risk on slash pine (Pinus elliottii) plantations managed for the joint production of carbon and timber benefits was investigated.  A Hartman model for determining the optimal rotation age and Land Expectation Value (LEV) for a stand with both carbon and timber benefits was extended to include the risk of fire.  Information from this model was then used to determine optimal rotation age, LEV, carbon supply and timber supply as a function of fire risk and the price of carbon.  The results indicate that fire risk reduces all of these variables and this reduction is greater for higher carbon prices.  These results suggest that landowner's’ would respond less to a carbon market when the level of fire risk is relatively high.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19629

Firm-level Forces Underlying Concentration in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mussell,   Al; Martin,   Larry J.
Although industry concentration in agriculture has a long history, the analysis of concentration and normative recommendations on it are a source of ongoing controversy in agricultural economics. The received approaches to the study of industry concentration are based on the structure-conduct-performance model or on the “new” empirical industrial organization literature which explicitly models competitive behaviour. However, each of these approaches wants for analysis of the specific firm-level decision processes that produce its predicted outcome. An alternative approach is to analyze the internal motivations for vertical and horizontal integration that exist within firms and that ultimately result in market concentration. From this perspective, market...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45729

First in Class? The Performance of Latent Class Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Min; Lupi,   Frank.
Replaced with revised version of poster 07/22/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Monte Carlo Simulations; Latent Class Model; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103449

Fiscal Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation: The ICMS Ecologico in Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grieg-Gran,   Maryanne.
This paper evaluates an innovative tax revenue-sharing scheme in Brazil, designed to promote the conservation and management of protected areas. Known as the “ICMS Ecologico”, the scheme was introduced by the state of Parana in Brazil and subsequently by several other states. The scheme aims to compensate municipal governments for the loss of potential tax revenue from the designation of protected areas (mainly by the state and federal government). It is also intended to have an incentive effect, encouraging both better management of existing protected areas as well as the designation of new conservation areas. The paper examines the experience with the ICMS Ecológico in the states of Minas Gerais and Rondonia, two states which present a marked contrast in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24135

Fiscal Interactions and the Case for Carbon Taxes over Grandfathered Carbon Permits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
This paper provides simple formulas for adjusting the costs of carbon taxes and tradable carbon permits to account for interactions with preexisting tax distortions in the labor market. Both policies reduce labor supply as they increase product prices and reduce real household wages; the resulting efficiency losses in the labor market can be substantial relative to partial equilibrium abatement costs. However, much of this added cost can be offset-and perhaps more than offset when additional distortions from the tax system are considered-if revenues from carbon taxes or auctioned permits are used to reduce distortionary taxes. Consequently, there can be a strong case on efficiency grounds for using carbon taxes or auctioned permits over grandfathered...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon taxes; Carbon permits; Fiscal interactions; Revenue recycling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; H21; H23.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10509

Fiscal Interactions and the Costs of Controlling Pollution from Electricity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
This paper quantifies the costs of controlling SO2, carbon, and NOx emissions from power generation, accounting for interactions between environmental policies and the broader fiscal system. We distinguish a dirty technology (coal) that satisfies baseload demand and a clean technology (gas) that is used during peak periods, and we distinguish sectors with and without regulated prices. Estimated emissions control costs are substantially lower than in previous models of fiscal interactions that assume a single, constant returns technology and competitive pricing. The results are reasonably robust to alternative scenarios, such as full price deregulation and market power in the deregulated sector.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Electricity generation; Pollution control; Fiscal interventions; Price regulation; Multiple technology; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; H21; H23; L94.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10785

FISHERY BUY-BACK PROGRAMMES AND ECONOMIC WELFARE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campbell,   Harry F.
Fishery buy-back programmes reduce the availability to the industry of certain inputs used in the harvesting process, thereby increasing fishing costs and reducing the amount of effort applied to the fishery. The reduction in effort generates an economic benefit which must be weighed against the increased costs. The paper develops an economic model of a buy-back programme which can be used to estimate the effect of the programme on economic welfare. The model is applied to the Tasmanian rock lobster fishery.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22645

Fishing for Understanding: A Mixed Logit Model of Freshwater Angler Preferences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beville,   Stephen; Kerr,   Geoffrey N.
Freshwater fisheries management requires knowledge of not only the resource but angler preferences and the extent to which preferences vary. This paper reports results from an internet-based stated preference survey of anglers in the North Canterbury region. Discrete choice models are used to investigate how the quality of fishery attributes impact anglers’ selection of fishing sites. The models reveal significant preference heterogeneity between anglers for particular fishing site attributes. Furthermore, anglers’ preference intensities for identical attributes vary between sites. Consequently, efficient allocation of resources entails spatial and social components.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Discrete choice analysis; Latent class; Mixed logit; Angler heterogeneity; New Zealand recreational trout fisheries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96446

Fixed Effects Estimation of the Intensive and Extensive Margins of Irrigation Water Demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hendricks,   Nathan P.; Peterson,   Jeffrey M.
Irrigation water demand is estimated using field-level panel data from Kansas over 16 years. The cost of pumping varies over time due to changes in energy prices and across space due to differences in the depth to water. Exploiting this variation allows us to estimate the demand elasticity while controlling for field-farmer and year fixed effects. Fixed effects also allow us to control for land use without an instrument or assumptions about the distribution of errors. Our estimates of water demand are used to calculate the cost of reducing irrigation water use through water pricing, irrigation cessation, and intensity-reduction programs.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Fixed effects; High Plains Aquifer; Water demand; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122312

Flood Insurance Demand along the Gulf and Florida Coast
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Jihyun; Petrolia,   Daniel R.; Ferraez,   Will T.
The objective of this research is to identify factors that influence both the decision (yes or no) and level of flood insurance among coastal homeowners in the southeast U.S.  Recently flood damage has dramatically increased (Flood), and Crossett et al. (2004) report that coastal populations are growing. And in spite of rising costs of living in coastal areas, people are willing to pay more for access to ocean views and other natural amenities associated with coastal living (Bin and Kruse, 2006).         Although the federal government provides flood insurance programs and encourages at-risk residents to insure their property from flood, rates of uptake remain low (Burby, 2001; Kunreuther, 2006; Landry and Jahan-Parvar, 2009). The National Flood Insurance...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Flood Insurance; Risk; Insurance Demand; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99239

FLOODING RISK AND HOUSING VALUES: AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daniel,   Vanessa; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Rietveld,   Piet.
Climate change, the ‘boom and bust’ cycles of rivers, and altered water resource management practice have caused significant changes in the spatial distribution of the risk of flooding. Hedonic pricing studies, predominantly for the US, have assessed the spatial incidence of risk and the associated implicit price of flooding risk. Using these implicit price estimates and their associated standard errors, we perform a meta-analysis and find that houses located in the 100-year floodplain have a –0.3 to –0.8% lower price. The actual occurrence of a flooding event or increased stringency in disclosure rules causes ex ante prices to differ from ex post prices, but these effects are small. The marginal willingness to pay for reduced risk exposure has increased...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Valuation; Environmental risk; Meta-analysis; Hedonic pricing; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; D81; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7333

Food miles, Carbon footprinting and other factors affecting our trade (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97621

For a conscious management of landscapes and habitats in the Swiss Alpine Region -the National Research Programme 48 (PNR 48)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lehmann,   Bernard; Stucki,   Erwin.
The contribution outlines the goals, the organisational structures and the key issues of the NRP 48 (National Research Programme). In addition, it gives an overview of the subjects covered by the 35 on-going research projects. On this basis, the stakeholders dealing with subjects relating to Landscapes and Habitats are invited to take into account the knowledge gained from the NRP 48 within their field of activity. Furthermore, the author invites the reader to a dialogue with the research teams and the programme leaders.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32000

For a Sustainable Agriculture, We Need More Adam Smith, Not Less
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   Harvey S., Jr.
There are two competing approaches sustainability in agriculture. One stresses a strict economic approach in which market forces should be allowed to guide the activities of agricultural producers. The other advocates the need to balance economic with environmental and social objectives, even to the point of reducing profitability. This paper shows how the writings of the 18th century moral philosopher Adam Smith could bridge the debate. First, he is recognized by those advocating the economic approach as an architect of modern economics. Second, his writings are consistent with many aspects of sustainable agriculture. Smith argues that people ought to exercise restraint in their pursuit of self-interest. He also recognizes the need to balance economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26047

Förderung des ökologischen Landbaus in Deutschland: Entwicklung und Zukunftsaussichten
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nieberg,   Hiltrud; Strohm-Lompcke,   Renate.
Organic farming is promoted financially in the Federal Republic of Germany since 1989. The entire segment shows a very dynamic development since that time. In the past eleven years, the organically managed land area has increased more than ten-fold. Now, a large bouquet of measures are offered which target the promotion of organic farming. Among the supports are grants for organically managed land, investment incentives, the promotion of producer co-operatives, the promotion of on-farm processing and direct marketing, publicity measures and measures to raise consumer awareness as well as the support of training, extension and research in the field of organic farming. In addition, a series of pilot and demonstration projects in the area of processing and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Agricultural policy; Support measures; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98998

Forecasting China's Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Provincial Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Auffhammer,   Maximilian; Carson,   Richard T.; Garin-Munoz,   Teresa.
Forecasts of Chinese carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are critical to any global agreement on mitigating possible global climate change. We provide such forecasts through 2050 using a reduced form model selected using a general to simple search strategy. These estimates are the first based upon provincial-level data (1985-2000). The model chosen by the information criterion is one that melds the standard approach taken in the science and engineering literature with the environmental Kuznets curve approach popular in the economics literature whereby per capita emissions can first rise and then fall with increases in income. Other aspects of the model allow for the possibility that the rate of technological change varies across provinces and the possibility of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25109

Forecasting of New Zealand whole milk powder prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Forbes,   Rod.
This paper explains a short term forecasting approach that uses whole milk powder prices from Fonterra’s globalDairyTrade. The latter provides forward contract prices eight months out from each event. The cumulative impact of up to seven successive events provides reasonable expectations around future turning points for Statistics New Zealand’s FOB export prices expressed in United States dollars.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Whole milk powder; GlobalDairyTrade; Price forecasting; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96945

Forecasting the Path of China's CO2 Emissions: Offsetting Kyoto - and Then Some
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Auffhammer,   Maximilian; Carson,   Richard T.
Our results suggest that the anticipated path of China's Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions has dramatically increased over the last five years. The magnitude of the projected increase in Chinese emissions out to 2015 is several times larger than reductions embodied in the Kyoto Protocol. Our estimates are based on a unique provincial level panel data set from the Chinese Environmental Protection Agency. This dataset contains considerably more information relevant to the path of likely Chinese greenhouse gas emissions than national level time series models currently in use. Model selection criteria clearly reject the popular static environmental Kuznets curve specification in favor of a class of dynamic models with spatial dependence.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forecasting; Climate Change; China; Model Selection; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q43; C53.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7197

Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution Havens: Evaluating the Evidence from China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dean,   Judith M.; Lovely,   Mary E.; Wang,   Hua.
One of the most contentious debates today is whether pollution-intensive industries seek locations with weak environmental standards, turning these locations into  'pollution havens." Empirical studies to date show little evidence to support the pollution haven hypothesis, but suffer potentially from omitted variable bias, specification, and measurement errors. This paper estimates the strength of pollution-haven behavior by examining the location choices of equity joint venture (EJV) projects in China. We derive a location choice model from a theoretical framework that incorporates the firm's production and abatement decision, agglomeration and factor abundance. We estimate conditional logit and nested multinomial logit models using new data sets...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15854

Forest and Forest Land Valuation: How to Value Forest and Forest Land to Include Carbon Costs and Benefits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meade,   Richard; Fiuza,   Gabriel; Lu,   Andrea; Boyle,   Glenn; Evans,   Lewis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97127

Forest Conservation and Slippage: Evidence from Mexico's National Payments for Ecosystem Services Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alix-Garcia,   Jennifer Marie; Shapiro,   Elizabeth N.; Sims,   Katharine R.E.
Incentive-based programs to reduce deforestation are expected to play an increasingly important role in global efforts to protect ecosystems and sequester carbon but their environmental effectiveness is not clear. We investigate program effectiveness and slippage in the context of Mexico's national payments for hydrological services program, which pays private and communal landowners to maintain forest cover on enrolled lands. To measure program impacts, we use matched controls drawn from the program applicant pool to establish counterfactual deforestation rates in the absence of payments. We find statistically significant but small to moderate avoided deforestation impacts. To examine slippage of deforestation to nonenrolled lands, we develop a model of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Payments for environmental services; Payments for ecosystem services; Program evaluation; Slippage; Leakage; Incentive-based mechanisms; Mexico; Land use; Deforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q24; Q57; R14; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93045

Forest Management Zone Design with a Tabu Search Algorithm
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; Mitrovic-Minic,   Snezana; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Vertinsky,   Ilan.
Increased conflicts between timber production and environmental protection led some analysts to advocate land-use segregation, often referred to as forest management zoning. The objective of zoning is to create ecologically desirable non-fragmented forest reserves and group timber production areas. We formulate an integer programming model of forest zoning that explicitly addresses clustering of spatial units allocated to timber production and reserve zones while also promoting separation of these zones. A tabu search algorithm is developed, implemented and tested using a case study. The case study results indicate that up to 5% of the net financial return is sacrificed with a 'satisfactory' grouping of units within each zone. A 'good' separation between...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest planning; Integer programming; Reserves; Tabu search; Timber production; Zoning; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C60; Q23; R14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37022

Forest resources and rural livelihoods in the north-central regions of Namibia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacGregor,   James; Palmer,   Charles; Barnes,   Johnathon.
Forestry
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics; Forestry; Markets; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37919

Forest-Mill Integration: A Transaction Costs Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niquidet,   Kurt; O'Kelly,   Glen.
In Canada, where public ownership of forestland is prevalent, a central decision facing policy makers is how to allocate timber resources to private forest companies. Debates tend to focus around what proportion of the annual harvest should be devoted to markets opposed to long-term contracts. To give a guide to policy makers, we surveyed forest firms from New Zealand and Sweden where this decision is based purely on a commercial basis. On average, mills source fifty percent of their fibre from the market. However, using a fractional logit model, we test whether theories from transaction cost economics influence this decision. Results are consistent with transaction cost economics; firms decrease the proportion of fibre sourced from a market with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Forest tenure; Vertical integration; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D23; K23; L22; L73.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37086

Forestry and the Carbon Market Response to Stabilize Climate
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tavoni,   Massimo; Bosetti,   Valentina; Sohngen,   Brent.
This paper investigates the potential contribution of forestry management in meeting a CO2 stabilization policy of 550 ppmv by 2100. In order to assess the optimal response of the carbon market to forest sequestration we couple two global models. An energy-economy-climate model for the study of climate policies is linked with a detailed forestry model through an iterative procedure to provide the optimal abatement strategy. Results show that forestry is a determinant abatement option and could lead to significantly lower policy costs if included. Linking forestry management to the carbon market has the potential to delay the policy burden, and is expected to reduce the price of carbon of 40% by 2050. Biological sequestration will mostly come from avoided...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10263

Forestry policy and poverty: the case of community forestry in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dhakal,   Bhubaneswor; Bigsby,   Hugh R.; Cullen,   Ross.
Common forests in developing countries are valuable sources of raw material supplies, employment and income generation, particularly for low income households. This paper looks at the effect on income and employment when common forest resources have external policies that constrain their use. Using a mixed-integer linear programming model, this study examines the impacts of conservation-oriented community forest policies in Nepal on three household income groups. The results show that current community forest policies, which focus on environmental outcomes through forest use restriction for environment conservation and timber production, result in a large reduction in employment and income of the poorest households and largely explain the recent increase...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Forestry policy; Poverty; Nepal; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98500

FOREWORD: Special Issue on Experimental Methods in Environmental, Natural Resource, and Agricultural Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Messer,   Kent D.; Murphy,   James J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90838

FOREWORD: The Economics of Land Use Change: Advancing the Frontiers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lynch,   Lori; Geoghegan,   Jacqueline.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120679

Forget the Hoe: Managing Invasive Plant Species with Dynamic Programming"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verdone,   Michael; Frasier,   W. Marshall.
Abstract Bromus Tectorum is an invasive plant species known to reduce abundance of native perennial grasses, increase fire frequency and intensity, decrease animal performance, and alter microbial communities and ecosystem processes. Specifically, in the Intermountain West, Bromus has been associated with decreases in livestock performance. Land managers use several methods to control invasion, but no previous studies fully integrate the dynamic interaction between control methods and the biophysical behavior of Bromus invasion. This research uses dynamic programming in conjunction with a process based ecological model to solve for optimal management strategies of Bromus invasion. The model represents biological responses to different management strategies...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dynamic Programming; Invasive Species; Dynamic Optimization; Agricultural Economics; Natural Resource Economics; Environmental Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61025

Fossil Fuel Extraction and Climate Policy: A Review of the Green Paradox with Endogenous Resource Exploration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Osterle,   Ines.
Policies aimed at reducing emissions from fossil fuels may increase climate damages. This “Green Paradox” emerges if resource owners increase near-term extraction in fear of stricter future policy measures. Hans-Werner Sinn (2008) showed that the paradox occurs when increasing resource taxes are applied within a basic exhaustible resource model. This article highlights that the emergence of the Green Paradox within this framework relies on the non-existence of a backstop technology and fixed fossil fuel resources. In doing this, it initially presents a basic exhaustible resource model which includes a backstop technology and shows that the implementation of a specific sales tax path is effective in mitigating global warming. Secondly, it considers the case...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Green Paradox; Supply-side dynamics; Climate Policy; Exhaustible Resources; Fossil Fuels; Exploration; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q31; Q54; Q58; H23; H32.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122010

Framing for incentive compatibility in choice modelling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazur,   Kasia; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
The incentives that motivate respondents to reveal their preferences truthfully have been a long-standing area of research in the non-market valuation literature. A number of studies have been undertaken to investigate incentive compatibility in nonmarket valuation. Most of these used laboratory environments rather than field surveys (e.g. Carson and Burton, 2008, Harrison, 2007, Lusk and Schroeder, 2004, Racevskis and Lupi, 2008). Only a few studies investigating incentive compatibility have considered multi-attribute public goods with an explicit provision rule in a choice experiment (Carson and Groves, 2007, Collins and Vossler, 2009, Carson and Burton, 2008). The design of a choice modelling study that avoids strategic behaviour has proven particularly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Incentive comparability; Provision rule; Non-market valuation; Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59101

FRENCH QUALITY AND ECO-LABELING SCHEMES: DO THEY ALSO BENEFIT THE ENVIRONMENT?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobbs,   Thomas L.; Nguyen,   Genevieve; Bertramsen,   Sherry K.; Legagneux,   Bruno.
The environmental effects of various 'quality' and 'eco-labeling' programs in the Midi-Pyrenees region of the south of France are analyzed, using factor analysis, analysis of variance, and qualitative analysis. Implications for agri-environmental policies on both sides of the Atlantic are discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22145

FRESH PRODUCT QUALITY, FOOD SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Armbruster,   Walter J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26980

Friend or Foe? The Kyoto Protocol and the NZ Greenhouse Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barber,   Andrew; Parminter,   Irene.
The greenhouse sector has reinvented itself as a technologically advanced and relatively environmentally friendly industry over the past 15 years. However it remains a high energy user. Two recent surveys have highlighted the potential impact on greenhouse grower costs of the proposed emissions charge on fossil fuels. Growers may be unable to pass on the extra costs due to competition on domestic and export markets from non-Kyoto countries. It is likely that the emissions charge would accelerate the rationalisation of the industry that has already been occurring, and in addition may lead to more profound changes such as the relocation overseas of larger growers. This paper draws out the likely implications of the proposed charge for the greenhouse sector...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97780

From GHGs Abatement Potential To Viable CDM Projects - The Cases of Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanh,   Dang; Michaelowa,   Axel; de Jong,   Friso.
This study evaluates the CDM potential in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam by focusing not only on the absolute GHG abatement value of these countries. Rather, the potential of CDM inflows into the three countries will be identified through assessing the comparative CDM endowment on the basis of an holistic analysis of each country, thereby highlight the relative positions of Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Vietnam in the global CDM market. The three main factors determining the competitiveness of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam in the global CDM market will be examined, namely "Potential supply size - countries' facts", "Country business climate" and "Country CDM institutions and CDM project experience". The study shows the overall competitiveness level of each studied...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26121

From Kyoto to Copenhagen: Meeting the Climate Change Challenge
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaisford,   James D.
In spite of some superficial success in achieving its overall global target, there has been much disillusionment with the progress on climate change since the Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in 1997. The key problems in addressing GHG emissions under the Kyoto Protocol have been the incomplete coverage across countries and lack of credibility. While significantly more onerous reduction commitments should be expected and required of developed countries in the name of economic fairness, GHG emissions must also be capped effectively in developing countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Copenhagen Accord; Greenhouse gas emissions; Kyoto Protocol; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90593

From Kyoto to Copenhagen: Meeting the Climate Change Challenge
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaisford,   James D.
In spite of some superficial success in achieving its overall global target, there has been much disillusionment with the progress on climate change since the Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in 1997. The key problems in addressing GHG emissions under the Kyoto Protocol have been the incomplete coverage across countries and lack of credibility. While significantly more onerous reduction commitments should be expected and required of developed countries in the name of economic fairness, GHG emissions must also be capped effectively in developing countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Copenhagen Accord; Greenhouse gas emissions; Kyoto Protocol; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90592

From “May Contain” to “Does Contain”:  The price and trade effects of strict information requirements for GM maize under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouet,   Antoine; Gruere,   Guillaume P.; Leroy,   Laetitia.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/22/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified food; International Trade; Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q17; Q18; F18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61533

FROM REFUGE TO REFUGEE: THE AFRICAN CASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Geisler,   Charles; de Sousa,   Ragendra.
In 1994, the United Nations introduced the concept of human security, predicating it on the dual notion of safety from chronic threats of hunger, disease, and repression on the one hand and protection from sudden and hurtful disruptions in daily life on the other. Such thinking helped foster the notion of "environmental refugee" to describe a new insight into an old phenomenon: large numbers of the world's least secure people seeking refuge from insecure biophysical environments. Yet, it can be misleading to assume that reducing environmental insecurity will avail more human security and, by extension, result in fewer environmental refugees. Under certain circumstances, more environmental security can generate a category of environmental refugees little...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: National parks and reserves -- Social aspects -- Africa -- Case studies; Refugees -- Africa -- Case studies; Conservation of natural resources -- Government policy -- Africa -- Case studies; Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12777

From SO2 to Greenhouse Gases: Trends and Events Shaping Future Emissions Trading Programs in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kruger,   Joseph.
Cap-and-trade programs have become widely accepted for the control of conventional air pollution in the United States. However, there is still no political consensus to use these programs to address greenhouse gases. Meanwhile, in the wake of the success of the U.S. SO2 and NOx trading programs, private companies, state governments, and the European Union are developing new trading programs or other initiatives that may set precedents for a future national U.S. greenhouse gas trading scheme. This paper summarizes the literature on the "lessons learned" from the SO2 trading program for greenhouse gas trading, including lessons about the potential differences in design that may be necessary because of the different sources, science, mitigation options, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Emissions trading; European Union; U.S. states; Corporate environmentalism; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10819

FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GLOBAL WARMING: ALTERNATIVE FARMING SYSTEMS AND SUSTAINABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Lohr,   Luanne.
According to Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol, agricultural soil could be used as a sink for carbon sequestration. Soil sequestration of carbon provides dual benefits: an increase in soil productivity and a reduction in atmospheric carbon concentration. The gain in soil productivity is a slow process and attaining a steady-state level of carbon in soil takes several years. A frequently encountered difficulty in this situation is how to discount the future benefit of carbon sequestration into a current term. We compared the net benefit of four alternative management systems using discount rates based on the sliding gamma distribution, market rate of investment, and the social rate of time preference. We also calculated the sustainability of these alternate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Conservation practices; Strong and weak sustainability; Discounting method; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31656

Front Materials
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes: Front Cover, Table of Contents, Editorial Information
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104625

Funding Agricultural Carbon Offset Abatements with Carbon Tax Revenue to Reduce Net Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Popp,   Michael P.; Nalley,   Lawton Lanier.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Net greenhouse gas emissions; Life cycle analysis; Carbon offset; Carbon tax; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103686

Future Climate of the Continental United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: North,   Gerald R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94493

FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR JOINT AGRICULTURAL-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES: IMPLICATIONS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM EXPERIENCE FOR EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pretty,   Jules N.; Dobbs,   Thomas L.
Major agri-environmental programs tried in the United Kingdom (UK)since the mid-1980s are examined in this report.  Special attention is given to the Environmental Sensitive Areas (ESA) scheme, the Countryside Stewardship Scheme (CSS), and schemes to promote organic agriculture-first the Organic Aid Scheme and, following that, the Organic Farming Scheme.  Several major studies and reviews of these and other agri-environmental schemes in England, Scotland, and Wales have been conducted in recent years. These studies and reviews are drawn upon to examine both the successes and shortcomings of various schemes in drawing farmers into more environmentally sound farming practices and systems.  In conducting this review and examination, primary attention is given...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32038

Future Land Use Decisions of North Dakota Conservation Reserve Program Participants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gustafson,   Cole R.; Hill,   Chester L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23191

Fuzzy Logic and Preference Uncertainty in Non-market Valuation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In seeking to value environmental amenities and public goods, individuals often have trouble trading off the (vague) amenity or good against a monetary measure. Valuation in these circumstances can best be described as fuzzy in terms of the amenity valued, perceptions of property rights, and the numbers chosen to reflect values. In this paper, we apply fuzzy logic to contingent valuation, employing a fuzzy clustering approach for incorporating preference uncertainty obtained from a follow-up certainty confidence question. We develop a Fuzzy Random Utility Maximization (FRUM) framework where the perceived utility of each individual is fuzzy in the sense that an individual’s utility belongs to each cluster to some degree. The model is then applied to a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Random utility maximization and fuzzy logic; Contingent valuation and preference uncertainty; C-means clustering; Forest conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; C35.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37021

GAINS OF REGIONAL COOPERATION: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Markandya,   Anil.
Cooperation between the states of the Caucasus and Central Asia is paramount in solving the region's environmental problems. Given the acute socio-economic difficulties they face, their slow progress is understandable. Serious environmental and socio-economic consequences cumulate as the neglect persists. Increased oil and gas revenues (for those who have access to these resources) cannot ease such consequences. The exploitation of oil revenues may benefit the national economy, but it does not generally provide enough for the poor local communities that depend on the natural resources of the Caspian for their livelihoods. The international community must therefore help to promote cooperation within the region. The Caspian Environment Program provides an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18723

GAME MODELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN AN OPEN ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
In this paper we study some aspects of the question of international environmental regulation from a game theoretic perspective. We address two broad questions. First, we examine the circumstances under which the pursuit of unilateral environmental policy by a country in a Stackelberg game will make that country worse off. Second, we study the effects of environmental regulation by means of alternate price control instruments in a Stackelberg game where there is transboundary pollution. We find that there are plausible theoretical circumstances in which the pursuit of unilateral environmental policy is not a good idea. Further, we show that in choosing between alternate pollution control instruments, national governments typically face a tradeoff between...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental; Policy; Open; Economy; Game; Environmental Economics and Policy; D62; F13; Q28.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28364

Garment Industry and Economic Empowerment: A case study of Swaziland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Panin,   Anthony; Mthombo,   Thabile T.
This paper examines the extent to which garment industry in Swaziland has contributed to the economic empowerment of the Swazi people through creation of new jobs and improvement in their overall welfare. In Swaziland as elsewhere in many African countries, unemployment has been and is still a major constraint to the country’s sluggish economic growth. In response to the unemployment situation in the country, Swaziland Investment Promotion Authority (SIPA) was established in 1977 under the Ministry of Enterprise and Employment with the main aim of attracting, encouraging, promoting, and facilitating both local Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in the country. Among the efforts to entice foreign investors into the country was the construction of several...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic Empowerment; Garment; Investors; Swaziland; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52106

Gas Flaring Reduction in the Indonesian Oil and Gas Sector - Technical and Economic Potential of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Indriani,   Gustya.
Indonesia currently ranks as the world's 17th oil and 6th gas producer, but its production levels are slowly declining. In Indonesia, the oil companies may extract, process and market associated gas jointly with the State Oil and Gas Board. In addition, they are allowed to use associated gas in operations, as well as re-inject or flare gas that cannot be marketed. However, associated gas is still considered as a by-product of oil, which can disturb the oil flow. Due to the lack of markets, institutions and regulations, the associated gas is often simply flared instead of being used. Flaring currently amounts to about 5% of gas production and generates 10 million t CO2. On the company level, gas flaring data show that 80% of total GHG emission from flaring...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26096

Gasoline Price Differences: Taxes, Pollution Regulations, Mergers, Market Power, and Market Conditions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chouinard,   Hayley H.; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
Retail and wholesale gasoline prices vary over time and across geographic locations due to differences in government policies and other factors that affect demand, costs, and market power. We use a two-equation, reduced-form model to determine the relative importance of these various factors. An increase in the price of crude oil has been virtually the only major factor contributing to a general rise in prices over the last couple of decades. Tax variations and mergers contribute substantially more to geographic price differentials than do price discrimination, cost factors, or pollution controls.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25049

Gasvormige stikstofverliezen uit stal en opslag: Verschillen in berekeningsmethoden
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoogeveen,   Marga W.; Luesink,   Harry H.; van Bruggen,   Cor.
The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency of the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (MNP-RIVM) publishes an Environmental Balance Sheet each year in accordance with the Environmental Management Act. Calculations using the Manure and Ammonia Model of ammonia emissions and other gaseous nitrogen losses form the basis of the figures contained in the publication. The large differences observed between this calculation and comparable calculations by Statistics Netherlands form the motivation for an analysis of the differences. This insight, supplemented with insight into the comparison of calculated and measured mineral levels in the manure, gave rise to a discussion on which starting points and calculation method were the most...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29111

GATT AND THE ENVIRONMENT: POLICY RESEARCH NEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harold,   Courtney; Runge,   C. Ford.
This paper is a brief review of current problems in which trade and environmental issues intersect.  After a statement of these problems, it focuses on some recent empirical research and future research needs of special relevance to agricultural economists.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14207

Gender, Food Security and Livelihoods: The Case of Plan Ghana And Sissala
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bediako,   J.A.; Debrah,   Kofi.
The study was used by Plan International to formulate a common Nutrition Action Plan for its food and nutrition security interventions in developing countries. The aim was to get insight into the food and nutrition security as well as livelihoods status at the household and community level of the people of Sissala. Specifically the study focused on the contribution made by Plan interventions to improve livelihoods, the food and nutrition security of households and communities, the impact on gender and to identify indicators for monitoring and evaluation. The survey was carried out in three centrally placed communities selected to ensure an even coverage of Plan Ghana activities in the Sissala West District of Ghana. Data was collected at community and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Ghana; Livelihoods; Nutrition; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52180

Gender, institutions and sustainability in the context of forest decentralization reforms in Latin America and East Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Yan; Mwangi,   Esther; Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela.
Women’s participation in decision making at the user-group level and in forest committees has been demonstrated to have a positive impact on forest sustainability. For example, women’s participation enhances forest regeneration and reduces illegal harvesting through improved monitoring. Their presence in forest user groups increases the groups’ capacity to manage and resolve conflict, which in turn increases the likelihood that resource users will comply with and respect harvesting and use rules. These insights have been especially useful in informing policy and project interventions designed to strength and amplify women’s participation.          This paper adopts a cross-national approach and employs quantitative techniques to analyze the relative...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gender; Forest management; Forest user groups; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q23; J16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103456

General Equilibrium Benefit Transfers for Spatial Externalities: Revisiting EPA's Prospective Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   V. Kerry; Sieg,   Holger; Banzhaf,   H. Spencer; Walsh,   Randy.
Environmental policy analyses increasingly require the evaluation of benefits from large changes in spatially differentiated public goods. Such changes are likely to induce general equilibrium effects through changes in household expenditures and local migration, yet current practice "transfers" constant marginal values for even the largest changes. Moreover, it ignores important distributional effects of policy. This paper demonstrates that recently developed locational equilibrium models can provide transferable general equilibrium benefit measures. Our results suggest that taking account of the potential for adjustment and household heterogeneity is important. Applying benefits estimated from this method to the effect of the Clean Air Act amendments in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Air quality; Clean air act; Non-market valuation; Tiebout model; Environmental Economics and Policy; H41; Q25; R13.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10820

Generating Revenues from WTP for Ecosystem Restoration: An Auction Experiment on Public Goods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Elizabeth C.; Swallow,   Stephen K.
Research on public good auctions is intended to initiate development on new approaches to finance public goods, beyond government and philanthropic efforts. The researchers evaluate the potential to identify economic value for a subset of ecosystem services and markets that have the potential to provide for them. Empirical analysis focuses on public valuation for three specific types of ecosystem activities (bird habitat, sea grass restoration and shellfish restoration) in coastal Virginia. Data was collected using a field experiment employing an experimental auction approach with mechanisms to reduce free riding often seen in the experimental economics literature. These incentive mechanisms are applied to individual restoration activities and willingness...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Experimental economics; Valuation; Public goods; Ecosystem services; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61654

GENERATION OF RECYCLABLES BY RURAL HOUSEHOLDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jakus,   Paul M.; Tiller,   Kelly; Park,   William M.
Rising landfill costs have forced solid waste managers to consider ways to reduce the waste stream. Using survey data, models explaining the weight of recyclables generated  by households are estimated for paper and glass. Results indicate that households respond to the time cost of recycling paper but not glass. The waste generation models imply total monthly willingness to pay for recycling is $5.78 per household. Waste managers may increase the weight of recycled waste stream with programs which lower perceived time costs of nonrecyclers and improve the efficiency of recyclers.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30994

Genetically Engineering Crops for a Sustainable Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ervin,   David E.; Welsh,   Rick.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q18; Q24; Q25; Q55; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94765

GESTÃO MERCADOLÓGICA ESTRATÉGICA DO ECOTURISMO EM RPPNS: RIO SUCURI – BONITO-MS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Souza,   Helaine Aparecida Silva; Oliveira,   Neimar Bezerra De; Machado,   Esmael Almeida; Bacarji,   Alencar Garcia; Almeida,   Lauro Brito De.
A região de Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, é mundialmente conhecida em função do ecoturismo. Dentre seus principais atrativos se destaca o Rio Sucuri, localizado na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural – RPPN – São Geraldo. A presente pesquisa, realizada nesta RPPN, analisou o perfil socioeconômico e a satisfação dos turistas quanto ao passeio de flutuação no Rio Sucuri. A metodologia utilizada possui caráter teórico e empírico, desenvolvida na forma de um estudo exploratório, com pesquisas bibliográficas, de campo e entrevistas. Os resultados e discussões apresentam as características básicas dos fluxos de visitação e do perfil dos visitantes, bem como propostas para incrementar a gestão mercadológica estratégica e ambiental do atrativo. As conclusões...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecoturismo; Unidade de Conservação; Estratégia; Turismo sustentável; Serra da Bodoquena; Ecotourism; Unit of Conservation; Strategy; Sustainable Tourism; Serra da Bodoquena; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109979

Getting Cars Off the Road: The Cost-Effectiveness of an Episodic Pollution Control Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cropper,   Maureen L.; Jiang,   Yi; Alberini,   Anna; Baur,   Patrick.
Ground level ozone remains a serious problem in the United States.  Because ozone non-attainment is a summer problem, episodic rather than continuous controls of ozone precursors are possible.  We evaluate the costs and effectiveness of an episodic scheme that requires people to buy permits in order to drive on high ozone days. We estimate the demand function for permits based on a survey of 1,300 households in the Washington, DC metropolitan area.  Assuming that all vehicle owners comply with the scheme, the permit program would reduce VOCs by 50 tons and NOx by 42 tons per Code Red day at a permit price of $75.  Allowing for non-compliance by 15% of respondents reduces the effectiveness of the scheme to 39 tons of VOCs and 33 tons of NOx per day.  The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ground-Level Ozone; Episodic Pollution Control Schemes; Mobile Sources; Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs); Cost Per Ton of Vocs Removed; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60749

Getting the Prices Wrong: The Limits of Market-Based Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ackerman,   Frank; Gallagher,   Kevin P.
Market based policies are fast becoming the recommended policy panacea for all the world's environmental problems. Implicit in such recommendations is the theory that free markets, adjusted for externalities, can always create an "efficient" allocation of society's resources. As a result, many contemporary policymakers advocate rolling back regulations in order to let the market protect the environment. There is a fundamental distinction between the use of the market as a tool to help achieve society's goals, and as a blueprint for society's goals; the market is a reasonable policy tool but not a reasonable blueprint. The market as blueprint fails because there are significant public purposes that cannot be achieved by prices and markets alone. Five major...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic theory; Environmental policy; Sustainability; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15593

GHG Mitigation Policies in Livestock Sectors:  Competitiveness, Emission Leakage and Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golub,   Alla A.; Henderson,   Benjamin B.; Hertel,   Thomas W.
Recent research on livestock’s role in climate change has raised awareness about contribution that livestock climate policies can make to global mitigation efforts, and has increased the likelihood that mitigation policies will eventually be imposed on the sector. This study investigates effects of GHG mitigation policies on livestock sectors emissions and production by regional sector under a range of global mitigation polices that are broadly aligned with the different responsibilities of developed and developing countries under the UNFCCC. The study also examines emission leakage effects, impacts on food security in developing countries, and the implications of large informal livestock sectors in regions such as Sub Saharan Africa.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; C68; Q15; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103425

GHG Trading Framework for the U.S. Biofuels Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kumarappan,   Subbu; Joshi,   Satish V.
Substitution of petroleum fuels with biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel has been shown to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These GHG reductions can be traded in the emerging carbon markets, and methodologies for quantifying and trading are still being developed. The main challenges in developing such GHG trading framework are analyzed. An outline of such a framework is presented that depends on the life cycle assessment of GHG reductions, along with a combination of project specific and regional standard performance measures. The advantages of assigning GHG property and trading rights to biofuel producers are discussed. At carbon prices of $10 per metric ton, estimated additional revenues to biofuel producers range from $ 17 to 64 million dollars...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ethanol; Biodiesel; Carbon trading; GHG emissions trading; Methodology; CCX; CDM; Maize; Lignocellulosics; Well to wheel; Life cycle analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; D23; D4.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54530

Giving Chance to Indigenous Knowledge In Developing Sustainable Nutrition Improvement Interventions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kondwani,   Charles Nanchukwa.
A study was conducted in Nsanje district in Malawi to find out the potential of locally available resources in coming up with sustainable nutrition interventions. 60% of malnourished children had their nutrition states improved within twelve days of feeding on locally available foods.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52213

Giving credit to the microlenders. Formal microlending, credit constraints and adverse selection: a case study of shrimp farmers in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andersson,   Camilla I.M.; Holmgren,   Erik; MacGregor,   James; Stage,   Jesper.
Smallholder farmers have long been denied access to formal credit, largely because of the high administrative fees associated with loans. A possible solution to this problem, which has become increasingly popular, is the use of microcredit financing, where innovative means of securing the loans, such as peer monitoring, are used. This paper examines the effectiveness of formal microcredit schemes as compared to the traditional informal credit sources in a rural shrimp farming district of Bangladesh. We compare the two types of credit by studying the technical and allocative efficiencies of the two groups of borrowers. The findings suggest that farmers using both types of microcredit have difficulty accessing credit, often over-utilising labour in order to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics; Bangladesh; Shrimp Farming; Fisheries; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37921

Global Climate Change, Technology Transfer and Trade with Complete Specialization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mukherjee,   Vivekananda; Rubbelke,   Dirk T.G.
The paper develops a model in which a country with better technology for abatement of Green House Gas (GHG) emission (the North) commits to an international protocol to keep the global GHG emission within a specified limit while it helps the mitigation effort in the other country (the South) with unconditional transfer of abatement technology. It finds out in the autarkic (‘no trade’) equilibrium the technology transfer offer from the North is always accepted by the South. The North may offer either a partial or a complete technology transfer. If partial technology transfer is offered it finds out the determinants of the extent of technology transfer. Then it compares the autarkic equilibrium with equilibrium where trade with complete specialization occurs...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12060

Global Climate Policy and Corresponding Activities on a City-Level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sippel,   Maike.
Cities are not affected by global climate policy and the Kyoto Protocol - however many of them engage in voluntary activities. This paper analyses how communities in general and especially the city of Hamburg can contribute to global climate protection in their citypartnerships according to the slogan "think global, act local". Possible activities are in the fields of awareness-raising, capacity-building, exchange of experiences and joint project implementation. A focus is layed on projects according to the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol in north-south citypartnerships. There is a clear potential for reduction of transaction costs in this kind of projects due to the institutional links of the citypartnership. For Hamburg, CDM-potential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CDM; Citypartnership; Climate policy; Hamburg; Kyoto Protocol; Transaction costs; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26247

Global Climate Policy Architecture and Political Feasibility: Specific Formulas and Emission Targets to Attain 460 ppm CO2 Concentrations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Frankel,   Jeffrey.
Three gaps in the Kyoto Protocol most badly need to be filled: the absence of emission targets extending far into the future, the absence of participation by the United States, China, and other developing countries, and the absence of reason to think that members will abide by commitments.  To be politically acceptable, any new treaty that fills these gaps must, we believe, obey certain constraints regarding country-by-country economic costs.  We offer a framework of formulas that assign quantitative allocations of emissions, across countries, one budget period at a time.  The two-part plan: (i) China and other developing countries accept targets at BAU in the coming budget period, the same period in which the US first agrees to cuts below BAU; and (ii)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Climate Agreements; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q; Q40; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55291

Global interactions between bioenergy and climate policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golub,   Alla A.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Rose,   Steven K.; Sohngen,   Brent.
Over the past few years, interest in bioenergy has boomed with higher oil prices and concerns about energy security, farm incomes, and mitigation of climate change. In the same time, there is significant interest in international agricultural and forestry based greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation.  However, bioenergy and climate policies are being formulated largely independent of one another. Understanding the interaction between these potentially competing policy objectives is valuable for identifying possible constraints that one policy might be placing on the other, as well as potential complementarities. Using a general equilibrium framework, this study assesses the effects of bioenergy expansion on sectoral, regional and global GHG emissions mitigation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61592

GLOBAL INVENTORY OF WETLANDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE CARBON CYCLE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitra,   Sudip; Wassmann,   Reiner; Vlek,   Paul L.G.
Wetlands are among the most important natural resources on earth, as sources of biological, cultural and economic diversity. Conservation and management of wetlands have been identified as priority tasks for action in international conventions and regional policies, but extensive wetland area has been degraded in many developing countries. These continuing destruction demands to be restricted or at least slowed down. The primary objectives of this study were (i) assessing ecological functions and concepts for sustainable use of wetlands and (ii) compiling relevant information sources on geographic distribution of wetlands as well as their role in the global carbon budget.  Wetlands comprise a pivotal global carbon reservoir and can moreover sequester...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18771

Global Property Rights in Genetic Resources: An Economic Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
In recent years, growing economic globalisation has been accompanied by rising social support for market systems as a means of managing resource-use. In turn, the free market movement considers definite and secure property rights (especially private rights and, sometimes, communal rights) in resources to be the necessary basis for a desirable market system. Global policies for managing the Earth’s genetic resources have been influenced by this approach. As outlined in this article, there has been a global expansion of property rights in genetic resources, and further extensions have been advocated. In order to assess the possible social benefits and costs of granting property rights in genetic resources, they are classified. This classification is shown to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Globalisation; Property rights; Genetic resources; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55095

Global Property Rights in Genetic Resources: Do They Involve Sound Economics? Will they Conserve Nature and Biodiversity?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
In recent years, growing economic globalisation has been accompanied by rising social support for market systems as a means of managing resource-use. In turn, the free market movement considers definite and secure property rights (especially private rights and, sometimes, communal rights) in resources to be the necessary basis for a desirable market system. Global policies for managing the Earth’s genetic resources have been influenced by this approach. As outlined in this article, there has been a global expansion of property rights in genetic resources, and further extensions have been advocated. In order to assess the possible social benefits and costs of granting property rights in genetic resources, these are classified. This classification is shown...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetic resources; Property rights; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55109

Global trends in risk management support of agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spicka,   Jindrich.
The aim of this paper is to make an international comparison of risk management policies in OECD countries as well as in selected emerging economies. The results are based on the data from OECD Producer Support Estimates Database and General Services Support Estimates Database, a study of agricultural insurance schemes carried out by the European Commission and an overview of risk-related policy measures formulated by the OECD. The results indicate that all OECD countries have the price stabilizing support for at least some commodities. Although the share of market price support in the producer support estimates has been decreasing for a long time, it still remains an important component in most countries around the world. The analysis also revealed the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agricultural policy; Risk management; Market price support; Income stabilization; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99224

Global Warming and Hyperbolic Discounting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.
The use of a constant discount rate to study long-lived environmental problems such as global warming has two disadvantages: the prescribed policy is sensitive to the discount rate, and with moderate discount rates, large future damages have almost no effect on current decisions. Time-consistent quasi-hyperbolic discounting alleviates both of these modeling problems, and is a plausible description of how people think about the future. We analyze the time-consistent Markov Perfect equilibrium in a general model with a stock pollutant. The solution to the linear-quadratic specialization illustrates the role of hyperbolic discounting in a model of global warming.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Stock pollutant; Hyperbolic discounting; Global warming; Time consistency; Environmental Economics and Policy; D83; L50.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25069

Global Warming and the Future of Pacific Island Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article briefly outlines the cause of global warming, its trends and consequences as indicated by the International Panel on Climate Change. Sea-level rise is one consequence of particular concern to Pacific island states. It also reviews the views of economists about connections between economic growth and global warming. Whereas the majority of economists did not foresee a conflict between economic growth and global warming, the possibility of such a conflict is now more widely recognized following the Stern Report. International efforts, such as through the Kyoto Protocol, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and their atmospheric concentration are discussed and prospects for post-Kyoto policies are considered. It is predicted that a significant...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Environmental Kuznets curve; Global warming; Kyoto Protocol; Pacific islands; Post Kyoto; Sea-level rise; Small island developing states; Stern Report.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55106

Global Warming, Endogenous Risk and Irreversibility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Anthony C.; Narain,   Urvashi.
This paper develops two-period analytical and numerical models to study the question: given a stock of greenhouse gases that poses a risk of future damages of unknown magnitude, and the possibility of learning about damages, how do sunk abatement capital and a nondegradable stock of greenhouse gases affect optimal first-period investment?  We show that both affect investment, the former negatively and the latter positively.  Additionally, endogenous risk--the risk of damages dependent on the stock of gases-- results in an increase in optimal investment for any level of capital "sunkness" or greenhouse gas degradability.  Quantitatively, though, the effect of sunk capital is much stronger than the effect of greenhouse gas irreversibility or that of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25107

Globalisation, the Environment and Sustainability: EKC, Neo-Malthusian Concerns and the WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Environment; Globalisation; Environmental Kuznets curve; Sustainable development; WTO; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90502

Globalisation, WTO and Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This overview is divided into two main sections. The first sections reviews the literature on the impact of economic globalisation (involving of liberalisation of international trade and investment) on the state of the environment and sustainable development. While the WTO and Bretton Woods institutions believe that this impact can be expected to be favourable, divergent rational views can be found in the economics literature. A review of the relevant literature reveals that the situation is far from being black-and-white – there are grounds for rational doubt not withstanding the use of Environmental Kuznet’s curves, which on the surface seem to provide grounds for optimism.  The second main section dealt with the attitude and policies pursued by GATT-WTO...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: WTO; Sustainable Development; Globalisation; Trade investment; Resource and environmental conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48009

GLOBALIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY: THE MACHINE IN THE GLOBAL GARDEN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14373

Globalization, Social Welfare, Labor Markets and Fiscal Competition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Svizzero,   Serge.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Inequalities in labor markets; Globalisation; Social welfare; Income inequality; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90503

Glossary of International Climate Policy Terms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Koch,   Tobias.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26054

Glow Worms as a Tourist Attraction in Springbrook National Park: Visitor Attitudes and Economic Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Clevo; Tisdell,   Clement A.; Merritt,   David.
Insect-based tourism mainly caters to a niche market, but its popularity has been growing in recent years.  Despite its popularity this form of tourism has remained under-researched and in a sense its contribution to the tourism industry has gone mostly unnoticed. This paper reports the results of a study undertaken on one form of popular insect-based tourism, namely glow worms.  The study was undertaken in Springbrook National Park (Natural Bridge section) southeast Queensland, which has one of the largest glow worm colonies in Australia that attracts thousands of visitors each year.   A study of this form of tourism is important and useful for several reasons. It is important to understand this hitherto under-studied tourism activity to determine the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Glow Worms; Insect-based tourism; Environmental conservation; Biological resources; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51298

GM Technology Adoption, Production Risk and On-farm Varietal Diversity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krishna,   Vijesh V.; Zilberman,   David; Qaim,   Matin.
This paper examines the impact of transgenic technology adoption on varietal diversity. Transgenic pest-resistant varieties are hypothesized to reduce farmers’ demand for on-farm diversity through an act of substitution, as both serve as production risk reducing instruments. This adverse agro-biodiversity impact might be partially counteracted by an expanding seed sector, supplying a large number of transgenic varieties. The case of Bt cotton in India is taken for empirical illustration. The production function analyses show that both Bt technology and on-farm varietal diversity enhance yield, while reducing the production risk. With few Bt varieties available in the first years, technology adoption entailed a reduction in on-farm varietal diversity. This...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agro-biodiversity; Bt cotton; Production risk; Transgenic technology; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49173

Good Governance in Sustainable Development: the Impact of Institutions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roy,   Kartik C.; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53595

Good Industry-good Investments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greer,   Glen; Zwart,   Tony.
New Zealand primary sector industry approaches to industry-good investment, and the approaches to evaluation reported in the literature were reviewed to provide understanding of the key issues in ensuring such investments meet stakeholder needs. The extent to which planning and evaluation processes are linked to achievement of measurable industry objectives varies widely amongst primary sector industries, reflecting differing industry sizes and resource levels. Although these factors inevitably influence investment opportunities and the resources available for planning and monitoring profoundly, a framework has been developed to accommodate these differences, and to be of value to all industries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Industry-good investment evaluation; Cost-benefit; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96942

Governance and Environmental Policy Integration in Europe: What Can we learn from the EU Emission Trading Scheme?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sgobbi,   Alessandra; Buchner,   Barbara K.; Catenacci,   Michela.
The European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) is a landmark environmental policy, representing the world's first large-scale greenhouse gas (GHG) trading program.  The coexistence of state actors and top-down processes with stakeholders participation and flexible abatement strategies make the EU ETS a powerful instrument of cross sectoral integration of environmental concerns, which benefits from a high level of interaction among the actors involved and a significant degree of information exchange.  However, the same peculiarities of the system make it difficult to identify a correspondence with a single mode of governance. The EU ETS shows characteristics of the decision making processes and institutions engaged, the tools and instruments used as...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Policy Integration; Climate Change; Emission Trading; EU Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; F53; Q28.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9544

Governance, Property Rights and Sustainable Resource Use: Analysis with Indian Ocean Rim Example
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Roy,   Kartik C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53593

Governing a Common-Pool Resource in a Directed Network
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richefort,   Lionel; Point,   Patrick.
A local public-good game played on directed networks is analyzed. The model is motivated by one-way flows of hydrological influence between cities of a river basin that may shape the level of their contribution to the conservation of wetlands. It is shown that in many (but not all) directed networks, there exists an equilibrium, sometimes socially desirable, in which some stakeholders exert maximal effort and the others free ride. It is also shown that more directed links are not always better. Finally, the model is applied to the conservation of wetlands in the Gironde estuary (France).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common-pool Resource; Digraph; Cycle; Independent Set; Empirical Example; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; D85; H41.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98470

Green auctions versus uniform agri-environmental payments under heterogeneous conditions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cattaneo,   Andrea; Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Ollikainen,   Markku.
This paper examines how jointness of environmental benefits and environmental heterogeneity affect auction designs and the potential benefits of green auctions over conventional flat-rate agri-environmental policies. A sealed bid green auction is used to promote an agri-environmental program with two environmental targets, nutrient runoff reduction and biodiversity provision. A score index comprising of environmental performance and the monetary size of bid is developed to rank the farmers’ applications. The green auction is analyzed analytically and then empirically by using Finnish data.  An auction that screens according to the environmental score and another one with an additional cost-saving component are simulated in the context of two different...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bid; Joint environmental benefits; Score index value; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51678

Green Giving: An Analysis of Contributions to Major U.S. Environmental Groups
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richer,   Jerrell.
Data are compiled from the tax records of 29 major environmental organizations for the period 1980-1994 to identify factors that influence voluntary contributions. I examine the effects of organizational characteristics, such as fundraising expenditures and alternative sources of revenue, along with the impact of general economic conditions and the political climate. I find that government grants to the organizations had a positive and statistically significant impact on voluntary contributions rather than a crowding out effect. Contributions were price inelastic, where the price is defined as the effective cost to the donor of achieving a one-dollar increase in the provision of program services. Resources devoted to fundraising had a strong and positive...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Charitable giving; Conservation; Crowding out; Environmental quality; Fundraising; Nonprofit organizations; Public goods; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q0; H8.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10870

Green House Gases and Carbon Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Massey,   Raymond E.
Presented to USDA Economists Group, Washington DC, May 27, 2009
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cap and trade; Agriculture; Offsets; Credits; Sequestration; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50493

GREEN MANAGEMENT AND THE NATURE OF TECHNICAL INNOVATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deltas,   George; Harrington,   Donna Ramirez; Khanna,   Madhu.
Innovation is a key component of a firm's strategy to improve market competitiveness and operational efficiency as well as to respond effectively to changing consumer preferences and regulations. A firm has the choice of undertaking different types of innovations that differ in the extent to which they involve changes in products, processes or practices and lead to gains in efficiency or brand image. We postulate that the extent and nature of innovation undertaken by a firm depends on its management system which not only influences its organizational structure, but also the incentives for making continual improvement in its technical capabilities, the extent of employee involvement in decision making and the internal communication channels for information...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34185

Green payment programs, asymmetric information and the role of fixed costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arguedas,   C.; Meijerink,   Gerdien W.; van Soest,   Daan P.
Many conservation programs offer financial compensation to farmers in exchange for socially desired services, such as soil conservation or biodiversity protection. Realization of the conservation objective at minimum cost requires payments to just cover the extra costs incurred by each individual (type of) farmer. In the presence of information asymmetries regarding costs, incentive-compatible contracts can be designed to mitigate excess compensation, but these typically only provide partial improvement because of several distortions. We argue that these distortions are inevitable only if all conservation costs are variable in nature. If there are fixed costs too, we find that the least-cost solution can be incentive compatible. We identify the exact...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric information; Environmental benefits; Mechanism design; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44320

GREEN PAYMENT PROGRAMS FOR NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL:  HOW IMPORTANT IS TARGETING FOR COST-EFFECTIVENESS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baerenklau,   Kenneth A.
Mechanism design theory is used to examine the case of a cost-minimizing regulator who uses input-reduction subsidies to meet an exogenously imposed ambient standard for nonpoint source pollution.  A general result claimed for a welfare-maximizing equilibrium.  Numerical results suggest the ability to directly target contracts reduces costs significantly for the regulator.  But in the absence of this ability, indirect targeting reduces costs only slightly.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31117

GREEN PAYMENTS AND DUAL POLICY GOALS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/27/07
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric information; Cost effect; Green payments; Income support; Information rent; Mechanism design; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18550

GREEN PAYMENTS AND DUAL POLICY GOALS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli.
This paper analyzes the efficient design of green payments. Green payments can generate environmental benefits and support farmers' income. We extend a standard adverse selection model by incorporating dual policy goals into the design of green payments: conservation and income support. We also introduce heterogeneity into conservation efficiency type. The results of our dual-goal model and the standard adverse selection model are significantly different. The differences arise from two aspects. First, since farmers may receive green payments for conservation, or income support, or both, the incentive structure in the standard adverse selection model can be significantly altered. Second, information rent is no longer just a cost to induce truthful...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19697

GREEN PAYMENTS AS FORESHADOWED BY EQIP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.
This paper addresses the potential of the Environmental Quality Incentives Program to become the first true green payment program, one which is not directly linked to farm income goals as all conservation programs have been in the past, even in contrast to the Conservation Reserve Program and the now obsolete Agricultural Conservation Program.  EQIP is thus discussed as a new generation of conservation programs which are General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade-legal (no payments to farmers which may influence trade) and more targeted to actual agro-environmental problems than the traditional conservation programs.  In the next sections, the paper raises two important questions: First, to what extent should green payments substitute for traditional commodity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11750

'Green' Preferences as Regulatory Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   Timothy J.
We examine the suggestion that if consumers in sufficient numbers are willing to pay the premium to have power generated using low-emission technologies, tax or permit policies become less necessary or stringent. While there are implementation difficulties with this proposal, our purpose is more fundamental: can economics make sense of using preferences as a regulatory instrument? If“"green" preferences are exogenously given, to what extent can or should they be regarded as a substitute for other policies? Even with green preferences, production and consumption of polluting goods continues to impose social costs not borne in the market. Moreover, if green preferences are regarded as a policy instrument, the "no policy" baseline would require a problematic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulation; Preference change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; B4; D6.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10787

„GREEN” PUBLIC RELATIONS: PUBLIC RELATIONS IN THE SECTOR OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FOR POLISH AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wlodarski,   Sebastian.
The field of Public Relations has undoubtedly been assuming growing importance in Poland. Understood as an element of marketing communication or a function of company management, it has a significant impact on company’s external and internal environment. According to Puls Biznesu3 the value of the Polish PR market amounted to 250m PLN in 2005, which is a 20% increase as compared to 2004. According to the author Urszula S´wiatl⁄owska, “the turnover of PR agencies is growing and even smaller companies demonstrate their interest in the services”. Considering this, it can be assumed that PR activities will soon be initiated by many smaller Polish companies, often connected with the agricultural sector. The change discussed by the authors of the article...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Public relations; Polish agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43581

GREEN SUBSIDIES IN AGRICULTURE: ESTIMATING THE ADOPTION COSTS OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE FROM OBSERVED BEHAVIOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Kling,   Catherine L.; Zhao,   Jinhua.
Because of payoff uncertainties combined with risk aversion and/or real options, farmers may demand a premium in order to adopt conservation tillage practices, over and above the compensation for the expected profit losses (if any). We propose a method of directly estimating the financial incentives for adopting conservation tillage and distinguishing between the expected payoff and premium of adoption based on observed behavior. We find that the premium may play a significant role in farmers' adoption decisions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Adoption subsidies; Conservation Security Program (CSP); Conservation tillage; Risk premium; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18517

"GREEN TAXES": IMPACTS ON NATIONAL INCOME, SOCIAL WELFARE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liang,   Chyi-Lyi (Kathleen); Lovejoy,   Stephen B.; Lee,   John G.
Two taxation schemes were designed to be included in a multi-regional multi-sectoral General Equilibrium model for reducing the use of commercial fertilizers, with the goal of alleviating surface water pollution. Under the 500% tax rate, results showed that 0.1% of the national income was given up in order to exchange for a 3% reduction in the fertilizer application used as an intermediate input. Furthermore environmental quality would be improved by 3%, if a linear relationship existed between the changes in intermediate fertilizer use and the improvement in environmental quality.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20870

Green Technologies for a More Sustainable Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hrubovcak,   James; Vasavada,   Utpal; Aldy,   Joseph E.
For U.S. agriculture to continue along a sustainable path of economic development, further production increases must be generated by technologies that are both profitable and more environmentally benign. In this context, we assess the role of these green or sustainable technologies in steering agriculture along a more sustainable path. However, the lack of markets for the environmental attributes associated with green technologies can limit their development. In addition, simply making a technology available does not mean it will be adopted. Experience with green technologies such as conservation tillage, integrated pest management, enhanced nutrient management, and precision agriculture demonstrates that even when technologies are profitable, barriers to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Sustainable agriculture; Natural capital; Nonrenewable resources; Renewable resources; Environmental services; Green technology; Integrated pest management; Conservation tillage; Enhanced nutrient management; Precision agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33721

Green Trade Agreements: Comparison of Canada, US and WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Paper presented at the CAES/NAREA meeting, Quebec City, June 29 - July 1, 2008.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Free trade agreements; Environment; World Trade Organization; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37329

Greener Acres or Greener Waters? Potential U.S. Impacts of Agricultural Trade Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.; Cooper,   Joseph C.; Vasavada,   Utpal.
This paper examines the elimination of all agricultural policy distortions in all trading countries and agricultural production decisions in the United States, as well as subsequent environmental quality in the presence and absence of nondegradation environmental standards. The results suggest that trade liberalization has the potential to increase domestic production and boost agricultural returns by as much as 8.5 percent. Consumer surplus would likely fall, and the discharge of nutrients, sediment, and pesticides would likely increase. However, environmental policies can limit these adverse environmental impacts and mute the potential decrease in consumer surplus, while leaving increased returns to agricultural production.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Trade reform; Environment; Nondegradation; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10195

Greenhouse emissions and economic recessions: Did industrial economies “Stay Cool” during the 1930s economic crisis?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giedraitis,   Vincentas Rolandas; Girdenas,   Sarunas; Rovas,   Adomas.
In this historical economic interdisciplinary research we investigate the impact of the 1930s economic crisis and their relationship to global warming. We investigate two consecutive hegemonic powers: the United Kingdom and the United States. Our assumption was that a reduction in demand would lead to a decrease in mean global temperatures during depressions. We find that in fact reduced carbon dioxide in the atmosphere resulting from lowered production does not result in cooling temperatures.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Historical economic sociology; Kondratiev wave theory; World-systems analysis; Economic crises; Global climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; International Development; B23; B52; N50; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95939

Greenhouse Gas Abatement Policies and the Value of Carbon Sinks: Do Grazing and Cropping Systems have Different Destinies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Flugge,   Felicity; Schilizzi,   Steven.
The impact of two greenhouse gas abatement policies on two Mediterranean-type farming systems, grazing dominant and cropping dominant, is examined. The policies analysed are; an emissions taxation policy and an emissions restrictions policy. For both farming systems the restriction policy is found to be more effective and economically efficient than the carbon permit policy. Absolute cost of abatement is less for the livestock dominant system but relative cost is greater, because of lower total farm profits. The analysis found that at predicted emissions permit prices, trees, if credited as a carbon sink, would be adopted by both farming systems to offset farm greenhouse gas emissions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse policy; Whole-farm modelling; Carbon sinks; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57865

Greenhouse Gas Emission Factor Module: Land Use in Rural New Zealand—Climate Version 1
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hendy,   Joanna; Kerr,   Suzi.
Several different New Zealand economic models produce measures of rural economic activity that have greenhouse gas implications. For climate change analysis, models need to translate economic activity into greenhouse gas emissions. This document estimates functions and creates projections for land-use related greenhouse gas emissions per unit of economic activity that are simple; are based on readily available data and strong science; are consistent with the national inventory in 2002; evolve so that implied net emissions approximately match past inventory totals (1990–2002); and can be linked easily to a variety of models so they can be used in simulations. We estimate dynamic greenhouse gas emission functions for five land uses: dairy, sheep, beef,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gases; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Carbon dioxide; Scrub; Forest; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98501

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION TRADING IN EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE: A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS IN YEAR 2020
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dominguez,   Ignacio Perez; Britz,   Wolfgang.
In this paper the agricultural sector model CAPRI is expanded to cover non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural sources in Europe and policy instruments for their reduction. A stylised spatial trade model for emission permits is methodologically described and applied to the assessment of three potential policy alternatives for enforcing emission reductions from European agriculture: the EU ‘effort sharing agreement’, an EU-wide emission trading scheme between regions inside each Member State and, finally, an EUwide emission trading scheme between all European regions. This paper builds in the experience accumulated by Pérez Domínguez et al. (2010) and provides a through review of the underlying methodology, a expansion of emission sources and a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Copenhagen agreement; Effort sharing agreement; Agricultural policy; Economic modelling; Tradable emission permits; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91396

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Productivity Growth of Electricity Generators
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murtough,   Greg; Appels,   David; Matysek,   Anna; Lovell,   C.A. Knox.
"Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Productivity Growth of Electricity Generators" by Greg Murtough, David Appels, Anna Matysek, and C. A. Knox Lovell, was released on 18 December 2001. This paper develops and applies a measure of productivity growth that can incorporate unpriced environmental impacts. The methodology builds on the established technique of data envelopment analysis and is applied to one of the more significant environmental issues facing Australia - greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation.  The main finding of the paper is: productivity growth estimates for electricity generators can change significantly when allowance is made for greenhouse gas emissions. The paper develops an innovative statistical technique for incorporating...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31917

Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in the EU: A spatial assessment of sources and abatement costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Cara,   Stephane; Houze,   Martin; Jayet,   Pierre-Alain.
Agriculture contributes significantly to the emissions of greenhouse gases in the EU. By using a farm-type, linear-programming based model of the European agricultural supply, we first assess the initial levels of methane and nitrous oxide emissions at the regional level in the EU. For a range of CO2 prices, we assess the potential abatement that can be achieved through an IPCC-based emission tax in EU agriculture, as well as the resulting optimal mix of emission sources in the total abatement. Further, we show that the spatial variability of the abatement actually achieved at a given carbon price is large, indicating that abatement cost heterogeneity is a fundamental feature in the design of a mitigation policy. We assess the efficiency loss associated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gas emissions; Agriculture; Methane; Nitrous oxide; European Union; Marginal abatement costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q15.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58401

Greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.; Wreford,   Anita.
Links between trade and the environment have aroused considerable interest, both in terms of the impact of trade liberalisation on the environment, and also the impact of environmental policy on production and trade. A key environmental concern is global warming. The agricultural sector both contributes to, and will be affected by, climate change. Various mitigation strategies have been proposed for agriculture, including a limit on animal numbers, and restrictions on Nitrogen fertiliser application. The effects of these mitigation options on production, trade and emissions are analysed in this paper, using a partial equilibrium, agricultural multi-country, multi-commodity trade model, extended to include production systems and GHG emissions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural production system; Greenhouse gas emissions; Partial equilibrium trade model; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; Q17.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58273

Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Stabilization and the Inevitability of Adaptation: Challenges for U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rose,   Steven K.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Outstanding Choices Article Award, 2009
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94498

Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Ethanol from Iowa Corn
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Rubin,   Ofir D.; Babcock,   Bruce A.
As the United States begins to move towards putting an economic value on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the need for improved accounting standards becomes acute. Lifecycle analysis (LCA), which involves the systematic collection and interpretation of material flow in all relevant processes of a product, has become the accepted procedure to use to determine greenhouse gas emissions of products ranging from transportation fuels, to building materials, to food production (Farrell et al., 2006; Hill et al., 2006; Owen, 2004). The basic motivation of LCA is that, to conduct a fair assessment of the environmental impacts of a product, it is necessary to take into account all of the processes throughout the product’s lifespan, including the extraction...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49101

Greenhouse Gas Mitigation on Diversified Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Elwin G.; Upadhyay,   Bharat Mani.
Agriculture can potentially contribute to Canada meeting its commitment to reduce net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under the Kyoto protocol. A representative crop - livestock feeding farm on the Canadian prairies is used to estimate the cost of net GHG abatement, taking into account CO2 equivalent emissions and carbon sequestration. Optimal cropping systems use direct seeding and continuous cropping, production systems that have lower net GHG emissions. Livestock feeding uses rations with high energy concentration (grain based) because they are more profitable and also produce less methane per animal than forage based diets. Reducing tillage is the least costly means of lowering  net emissions ($20/t CO2 eq.), followed by reducing cattle feeding ($32/t...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34165

Greenhouse Gas Mitigation through Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schneider,   Uwe A.; Kumar,   Pushpam.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q55; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94500

Greenhouse Gas Mitigation through Energy Crops in the United States with Implications for Asian-Pacific Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schneider,   Uwe A.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Agriculture-based biofuels have the potential to replace fossil fuels, thereby offsetting greenhouse gas emissions. We estimate emission abatement supply curves from energy crops switchgrass, hybrid poplar, and willow under a wide range of sectorwide greenhouse gas emission reduction incentives in U.S. agriculture. The Agricultural Sector Model employed captures market interactions of biofuel production with traditional agricultural production and with alternative emission mitigation strategies. U.S. results suggest an increasing importance of biomass-based electricity for carbon mitigation incentives above an economic threshold of $50 per ton. At incentive levels of $170 per ton and higher, emission offsets from energy crops provide the highest net...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abatement supply curves; Agricultural Sector Model; Biofuel offsets; Energy crops; Greenhouse gas emission mitigation; Mathematical programming; Poplar; Sensitivity analysis; Switchgrass; Willow; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18573

GREENHOUSE GAS POLICIES AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE HOG INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gray,   Richard S.; Harper,   Deborah; Highmoore,   T.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14568

Greenhouse Gas Policy and Canadian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fulton,   Murray E.; Cule,   Monika; Weersink,   Alfons.
To meet its commitment to the Kyoto Protocol (KP), Canada must reduce its current annual GHG emissions (694 MT CO2 equivalent) by 240 MT CO2. Canada’s agricultural industries have the potential to generate a carbon sink of 10 MT CO2 (Government of Canada, 2003). The purpose of this article is to consider the manner in which Canadian agricultural policy has responded to Canada’s KP commitment and the likelihood that Canadian agriculture will participate significantly in carbon emission trading.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46019

Greenhouse gases and Nutrients: The Interactions Between Concurrent New Zealand Trading Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Suzi; Kennedy,   Marianna.
Emissions trading and nutrient trading interact in critical ways. The agricultural sector is a major emitter of both nutrients and greenhouse gases in New Zealand. Thus the simultaneous implementation of such systems will have a large impact on the farmers in affected catchments. Many of the mitigation options that are available to farmers, for example reducing animal numbers, will reduce both nutrient loss and greenhouse gas emissions. Thus the combined cost of control could be much less than the sum of the costs of the separate systems. The allocation of units under each system will also affect the same people. Monitoring systems for each pollutant could have common elements but could also impose a double burden. The interactions between the two systems...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96444

Greening Income Support and Supporting Green
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Claassen,   Roger; Morehart,   Mitchell J.
A multitude of design decisions influence the performance of voluntary conservation programs. This Economic Brief is one of a set of five exploring the implications of decisions policymakers and program managers must make about who is eligible to receive payments, how much can be received, for what action, and the means by which applicants are selected. In particular, this Brief focuses on potential tradeoffs in combining income support and environmental objectives in a single program.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34097

Groundwater Management and the Cost of Reduced Surface Water Deliveries to Urban Areas: The Case of the Central and West Coast Basins of Southern California
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sunding,   David L.; Hamilton,   Stephen F.; Ajami,   Newsha K.
The Central and West Coast groundwater basins (“basins” or “Central and West Coast Basins”) are located in southern Los Angeles County. Groundwater produced from these basins provides approximately forty percent of the water supply for residents and businesses in all or parts of 43 cities. The 4 million residents in the area comprise more than ten percent of the total population of the State of California.  This report measures the economic costs and benefits of the various program elements encompassed by the proposed judgment amendments (Judgment Amendments) to pumpers extracting groundwater in the basins. Because those pumpers include water agencies, who collectively serve nearly 4 million customers the economic costs and benefits also extend to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Groundwater; Water supply; Water costs; Water demand; Water policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51596

Groundwater Management in the Presence of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation  Incentives for Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baker,   Justin Scott; Murray,   Brian C.
This study explores the interactions of groundwater extraction, quality, and greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions within a productive agricultural region. Two conceptual models are proposed. In the first, GHG emissions are managed at the local level, and an efficient level of abatement is solved for endogenously to the system. Here, regional management of GHG emissions offers an alternative policy tool for managing quantity/quality by internalizing the costs of a common externality associated with both groundwater extraction and nitrogen fertilizer application. A simple numerical simulation is used to illustrate the potential groundwater co-benefits of managing agricultural GHG emissions within the system. The second model reflects the reality that GHG...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Groundwater; GHG Mitigation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q53; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49481

Groundwater markets and water use efficiency: The case of Karnataka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deepak,   S.C.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.; Nagaraj,   N.
Research highlight based on a paper titled “Groundwater markets promoting efficiency in water use in agriculture in Karnataka.”
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water market; Groundwater extraction; Water use efficiency; Wells; Crop production; Irrigation water; Domestic water; Pricing; Models; Policy; India; Karnataka; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53070

Groundwater Policy Research: Collaboration with Groundwater Conservation Districts in Texas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Jeffrey W.; Johnson,   Phillip N.; Guerrero,   Bridget L.; Weinheimer,   Justin; Amosson,   Stephen H.; Almas,   Lal K.; Golden,   Bill B.; Wheeler-Cook,   Erin.
The unique nature of the Ogallala Aquifer presents interesting and confounding problems for water policymakers who are coping with changing groundwater rules in Texas. The purpose of this article is to link previous efforts in water policy research for the Ogallala Aquifer in Texas with current collaborations that are ongoing with regional water planners. A chronological progression of economic water modeling efforts for the region is reviewed. The results of two recent collaborative studies are presented that provide estimates of impacts of alternative policies on groundwater saturated thickness, water use, net farm income, and regional economic activities.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Groundwater economics; Ogallala Aquifer; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q30; Q32; Q38.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117941

Groundwater Protection Through Farm Legislation in the 101st Congress
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bird,   Judy Campbell; Edmond,   Janet.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60336

Group Bargaining and Conflict
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Querou,   Nicolas.
We consider a situation where groups negotiate over the allocation of a surplus (which is used to fund group specific goods). Each group is composed of agents who have differing valuations for public goods. Members choose a representative to take decisions on their behalf. Specifically, representatives can decide to enter either a (cooperative) negotiation protocol or a conflict to appropriate the surplus. In the cooperative negotiations, disagreement corresponds to a pro rata allocation (as a function of the size of the groups). We analyse the conditions (on the internal composition of the groups) under which conflict will be preferred to negotiated agreements (and vice versa), and we derive welfare implications. Finally, we provide results of comparative...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bargaining; Conflict; Agency Problem; Environmental Economics and Policy; C78; D74; J52.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96841

Group Rewards and Individual Sanctions in Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dijkstra,   Bouwe R.; Rubbelke,   Dirk T.G.
We examine an incentive scheme for a group of agents, where all agents are rewarded if the group meets its target. If the group does not meet its target, only the agents that meet their individual target are rewarded. In environmental policy, the EU burden sharing agreement and the UK Climate Change Agreements feature this incentive scheme. There is only a difference in outcome between group and individual rewards if emissions are stochastic. Group rewards generally lead to higher expected emissions than individual rewards. The attraction of the group reward scheme may lie in its fairness and its tough-looking targets.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Team Incentive Scheme; Stochastic Pollution; UK Climate Change Agreements; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9333

Growing more rice with less water: Increasing water productivity in rice-based cropping systems: Progress of research, 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2003.
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop-based irrigation; Rice; Irrigation canals; Models; Groundwater; Aquifers; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92411

GROWING WITH CONSERVATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stawick,   David.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33219

GTAP-E: AN ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL VERSION OF THE GTAP MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burniaux,   Jean-March; Truong,   Truong P.
Energy is an important commodity in many economic activities. Its usage affects the environment via CO2 emissions and the Greenhouse Effect. Modeling the energy-economy-environment-trade linkages is an important objective in applied economic policy analysis. Previously, however, the modeling of these linkages in GTAP has been incomplete. This is because energy substitution, a key factor in this chain of linkages, is absent from the standard model specification. This technical paper remedies this deficiency by incorporating energy substitution into the standard GTAP model. It begins by first reviewing some of the existing approaches to this problem in contemporary CGE models. It then suggests an approach for GTAP which incorporates some of these desirable...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28705

Guide to on-site wastewater management for industrial and commercial establishments and other institutions: guide for hotel and restaurant owners and managers in Kurunegala, Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dissanayake,   Priyanka; Tennakoon,   Mangala.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Wastewater treatment; Water conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113262

Guide to on-site wastewater management for industrial and commercial establishments and other institutions: guide for vehicle service station owners and managers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dissanayake,   Priyanka; Tennakoon,   Mangala; Burmeister,   Johannes.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Wastewater treatment; Environmental management; Organizations; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113263

Guide to the Ex-Ante Socio-Economic Evaluation of Marine Protected Areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grafton,   R. Quentin; Akter,   Sonia; Kompas,   Tom.
Marine protected areas (MPA) potentially offer a wide range of use and non-use benefits. These include critical habitat protection, conservation of marine biodiversity, recovery of threatened and endangered marine species, and increased biomass of targeted marine species.   To assess whether such benefits exceed the potential costs, we provide the first-ever comprehensive ex-ante, socio-economic guide to MPA evaluation. Our framework shows how to quantify four key values of MPAs: consumptive, non-consumptive, indirect, and non-use values. The framework also shows how to use decision tools to determine the desirability of establishing MPAs. Overall, the guide offers the promise of improved information and better decision making for marine protected areas.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Marine protected areas; Use value; Non-use value; Benefit-cost analysis.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94827

Habitat and open space at risk and the prioritization of conservation easements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Newburn,   David A.; Berck,   Peter; Merenlender,   Adina.
Funds available to purchase land and easements for conservation purposes are limited. This article provides a targeting strategy for protecting multiple environmental benefits that includes heterogeneity in land costs and probability of land-use conversion, by incorporating spatially explicit land-use change and hedonic price models. This strategy is compared to two alternative strategies that omit either land cost or conversion threat.  Based on dynamic programming and Monte Carlo simulations with alternating periods of conservation and development, we demonstrate that the positive correlation between land costs and probability of land-use conversion affects targeting efficiency using parcel data from Sonoma County, California.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19345

Harmful Signaling in Matching Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kushnir,   Alexey.
Some labor markets have recently developed formal signalling mechanisms, e.g. the signalling for interviews in the job market for new Ph.D. economists. We evaluate the effect of such mechanisms on two-sided matching markets by considering a game of incomplete information between firms and workers. Workers have almost aligned preferences over firms: each worker has “typical” commonly known preferences with probability close to one and “atypical” idiosyncratic preferences with the complementary probability close to zero. Firms have some commonly known preferences over workers. We show that the introduction of a signalling mechanism is harmful for this environment. Though signals transmit previously unavailable information, they also facilitate information...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Signaling; Cheaptalk; Matching; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; C78; D80; J44.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96837

Has Imported Rice Crowded-out Domestic Rice Production in Ghana? What has Been the Role of Policy?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asuming-Brempong,   Samuel; Osei-Asare,   Yaw Bonsu.
Commercial rice imports have accounted for approximately 61%, food aid in rice accounted for about 2%, and domestic rice accounted for some 37% per annum of rice consumption in Ghana over the four years between 2000 and 2003. Compared to the 1990s, these figures show a gradual decline in the share of local rice production in the total quantities of rice consumed in the country. On the other hand, the proportion of food aid in rice consumed has remained relatively constant over the period, while the proportion of commercial imports has increased steadily. Using the Engel-Granger residual-based co-integration test, a market integration analysis was explored for imported rice and domestic rice which compared a central market for imported rice and five key...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ghana; Market integration Policy; Rice; Production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52002

Have Government Spending and Energy Tax Policies Contributed to make Europe Environmentally Cleaner?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.; Palacios,   Amparo.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94795

HAVE INCENTIVE BASED POLICIES BEEN OVERSOLD?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schwabe,   Kurt A.; Smith,   V. Kerry.
Comparisons of alternative pollution control instruments over the past thirty years show quite disparate results for seemingly comparable situations.  This research demonstrates how the magnitude of the estimated cost savings associated with incentive-based instruments is influenced by two important factors:  (i) separability assumptions between emissions and output, and (ii) participation criteria.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20787

Hazardous Activities and Civil Strict Liability: The Regulator’s Dilemma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mondello,   Gerard.
This paper addresses the conditions for setting up strict civil liability schemes. For that it compares the social efficiency of two main civil liability regimes usually enforced to protect the environment: the strict liability regime and the “capped strict liability scheme”. First, it shows that the regulator faces an effective dilemma when he has to enforce one of these schemes. This because the social cost of a severe harm (and the associated optimum care effort) is determined independently of any liability regime. This independency has economic consequences. First, victims and polluters pit one against another about the liability regime that the government should enforce. Hence, financially constrained polluters prefer the ceiling of responsibilities...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Strict Liability; Ex-Ante Regulation; Ex-Post Liability; Judgment-Proof; Environment Law; CERCLA; Environmental Liability; Environmental Economics and Policy; K0; K32; Q01; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101299

Health and Environmental Benefits of Reduced Pesticide Use in Uganda: An Experimental Economics Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonabana-Wabbi,   Jackline; Taylor,   Daniel B.
Two experimental procedures were employed to value both health and environmental benefits from reducing pesticide use in Uganda.  The first experiment, an incentive compatible auction involved subjects with incomplete information placing bids to avoid consuming potentially contaminated groundnuts/water in a framed field experimental procedure.  Three experimental treatments (information, proxy good, and group treatments) were used. Subjects were endowed with a monetary amount (starting capital) equivalent to half the country’s per capita daily income (in small denominations).  Two hundred and fifty seven respondents were involved in a total of 35 experimental sessions in Kampala and Iganga districts.   The Kampala sample consisted of urban (professional)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Experimental auctions; Choice experiments; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6441

HEALTH COSTS AND EXTERNALITIES OF PESTICIDE USE IN LOCUST AND GRASSHOPPER CONTROL IN THE SAHEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houndekon,   Victorin A.; De Groote,   Hugo.
To evaluate the economic cost of classical chemical control of locusts, externalities of chemical pesticides in the Sahel are estimated through a farmer survey.  The costs of human health, losses in domestic animals and of destroying obsolete pesticides are estimated at $4 per treated ha for chemical control.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20966

Health impacts of small reservoirs in Burkina Faso.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boelee,   Eline; Cecchi,   Philippe; Kone,   Andre.
In Burkina Faso, at least 1,700 small reservoirs have been constructed, most of them during the last 30 years. Numerous and scattered, these beneficial multipurpose systems combine productive with domestic water uses. However, their environmental and health impacts remain insufficiently documented. This report combines data from different sources into syntheses and national maps, with a focus on water-related diseases. The mitigation of negative impacts requires an integrated approach to specifically identify the enhancing and limiting factors that influence environmental impacts and the transmission of diseases around reservoirs. Public awareness campaigns need to accompany the promotion of preventive and curative measures and the development of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Reservoirs; Health hazards; River basins; Water resources development; Environmental effects; Waterborne diseases; Malaria; Schistosomiasis; Control methods; Water policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91869

Health Risk Analysis of Heating Fuel Choice: Case Study in Kentucky
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Zheng.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/03/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Combustion-generated pollutants; Indoor air pollution; Heating fuel choice; Health risk; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46728

Health Risk of Heating Fuel Choice: A Simultaneity Causality Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Zheng; Pagoulatos,   Angelos; Hu,   Wuyang.
Combustion-generated pollutants, principally those from solid-fuels including biomass and coal when cooking and heating, bring out a significant public health hazard in both developed and developing countries. Most of the existing studies addressing this issue focus on developing countries, and on exposure when cooking rather than heating. By using Kentucky rural data, this research explores the health risk associated with heating fuel choice. Given the simultaneity between heating fuel choice and prevalence of asthma and allergy, we obtain the instrumental variable (IV) estimate for Logit models through the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). After correcting for simultaneity bias, we do not find strong evidence supporting the causal relationship between...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Combustion-generated pollutants; Indoor air pollution; Heating fuel choice; Health risk; GMM-IV Estimation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Q53; I18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56532

Health Services and Disease Profile of Hyderabad City. A Pilot Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prasad,   Sheela; Ramachandraiah,   C.
The objective of this study was to primarily get an overview of the availability health services and disease patterns in Hyderabad.  Some broad picture has emerged as an outcome of this study but it needs to be again mentioned that this is only an incomplete picture as a lot of health data is not represented in this study due to non-availability. A major observation of this study is that data on health in Hyderabad is sketchy and no complete data bank on health is available.  Nonetheless, the major outcomes of the study indicate some important trends that need to be highlighted and considered for further research. 1. Distribution of health services in the city is not uniform.  Private health care is more used and spread over the city, outnumbering...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36943

Health-enhancing Activities and the Environment: How Competition for Resources makes the Environmental Policy Beneficial
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pautrel,   Xavier.
In a two-period overlapping generations model, this paper demonstrates that the relationship between the environmental taxation and the economic activity (level- and growth-output) becomes inverted-U shaped, when the detrimental impact of pollution on health and the private decision of each working-age agent to improve her health are taken into account. Especially, a tighter environmental tax is more likely to promote (rather than to harm) output-level and –growth when health is very sensitive to pollution, the weight of health in preferences is high, the polluting capacity of the production technology is high and the rate of natural purification of pollutants is low. The inverted-U shaped relationship between the environmental tax and the economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Growth; Environment; Health; Overlapping Generations; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55832

Hedging Break-Even Biodiesel Production Costs Using Soybean Oil Futures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Graf,   Johannes; McKenzie,   Andrew M.; Popp,   Michael P.
The effectiveness of hedging volatile input prices for biodiesel producers is examined over one- to eight-week time horizons. Results reveal that hedging break-even soybean costs with soybean oil futures offers significant reductions in input price risk. The degree of risk reduction is dependent upon type of hedge, naïve or risk-minimizing, and upon time horizon. In contrast, cross-hedging break-even poultry fat costs with soybean oil futures failed to reduce input price risk.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; Hedging; Poultry fat; Soybean oil; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90553

Hedonic Housing Prices and Agricultural Pollution: An Empirical Investigation on Semiparametric Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bontemps,   Christophe; Simioni,   Michel; Surry,   Yves R.
The objective of this paper is to assess the impact on property values of agricultural pollution using alternative semiparametric hedonic price models.  The proposed model specifications are made up of two parts: a partially linear component for house characteristics and a non (semi) parametric form to represent the non linear influence of agricultural pollution.  A general-to-specific search procedure is adopted to select the best model specification.  An application of theses parametric models to rural townships indicates that pollution resulting on livestock operations have a significant nonlinear impact on house prices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hedonic pricing; Semiparametric models; Agricultural pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C14; R21; R32; Q0.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24709

Hedonic Valuation of Ecosystem Services Using Agricultural Land Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ma,   Shan.
Agriculture, an ecosystem transformed by humans for the purpose of supplying food, fiber and biofuel, can provide people a host of benefits, or ecosystem services (ES). While markets exist for farm products, many of today’s central agro-environmental policy concerns are related to ES that lack complete markets, such as regulating ES and recreational, aesthetic and cultural ES. Valuation of non-marketed ES linked to agriculture is needed to improve their utilization and efficient provision. Some ES that facilitate agricultural production or provide natural amenities can be perceived by people through various natural resources and landscapes on farmlands and surrounding areas. One indirect way to measure the value of ES is via what people pay for the lands...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural land; Hedonic; Ecosystem services; Sales price; Appraisal value; GIS.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q24; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59321

HEDONIC VALUATION OF PROXIMITY TO NATURAL AREAS AND FARMLAND IN DAKOTA COUNTY, MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lake,   Mary Beth; Easter,   K. William.
Open space may provide a variety of environmental services, such as flood control, prevention of soil erosion, storage and recycling of wastes, and scenic views, which do not have traditional market values.  This study assesses the value of these amenities in Dakota County, Minnesota, by estimating the marginal price of open space proximity to housing, with the hedonic property price method.  Utilizing residential housing and open space data, a property’s structural, neighborhood, regional, and environmental characteristics are related to its sale price.  Key environmental characteristics are distances between a property and particular types of natural areas and farmland. The marginal price of proximity to open space was estimated with three models that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13407

Hedonic Valuation of Timber Stands in the Great Lakes Northern Forests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Susan Sou-I.
Forests and timber are important natural resources in the state of Michigan. Forestlands make of 53% of the total land area and the forest related industry and manufacturing sector in Michigan generate approximately $12 billion to the state’s economy.  Though forestry related industry and manufacturing is a multi-billion dollar industry that affects millions of acres of land in Michigan, there have been few recently published articles regarding timber stumpage appraisal in the state particularly about the northern hardwood forests.  This paper uses a hedonic timber stumpage appraisal model to calculate stumpage value for state managed forests. The model uses data from Michigan Department of Natural Resources to estimate the affect of various parameters on...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Forests; Hedonics; Stand valuation; Stumpage value; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23 Forestry; Q51 Valuation of Environmental Effects.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98072

Herbicide Application Rates: Risk Premiums with Environmental Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Massey,   Raymond E.
This paper examines the role of risk aversion in setting herbicide label rates and application rates. Companies establish label rates to be efficacious for a wide range of conditions. The use of reduced rates of herbicide offer the opportunity to increase farm profit and reduce herbicide use, an environmental benefit.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35261

Heterogeneity in Costs and Second-Best Policies for Environmental Protection
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Cannon,   Matthew.
This paper investigates heterogeneity in pollution abatement costs using a computable general equilibrium framework. Previous literature using aggregated data has found that "grandfathered" tradable permits are dominated by other instruments including emission taxes, performance standards, and technology mandates because of interactions with pre-existing taxes. However, when the underlying costs of abatement are heterogeneous, a disaggregate representation of costs yields qualitatively different findings. In a disaggregate model of NOX abatement in the United States, the relative performance of tradable permits improves significantly and out-performs command and control approaches over a wide range of emission reductions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cost-effectiveness analysis; General equilibrium; Environmental policy; Instrument choice; Second-best regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; H21; L51.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10875

Heterogeneous farmland owners: two approaches for objective based classification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pouta,   Eija; Myyra,   Sami; Hanninen,   Harri.
Landowner classifications based on their objectives have been used to describe the heterogeneous group of landowners. As the accurate information on landowners preferences is essential in policy planning and evaluation of the effects of various policy instruments, there is a need to develop feasible methods for classifying land owners. In this study we apply objective based classification to farmland owners using the data of Finnish farmland owners. We compare two classification methods, traditional cluster analysis and latent class analysis, in terms of their criterion validity. The comparison of criterion validity, consisting from convergent, concurrent, discriminant and predictive components of validity, revealed that latent class analysis was superior...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Heterogeneous; Farmland owners; Classification; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50787

Hidden action, risk aversion and variable fines in agri-environmental schemes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ozanne,   Adam; White,   Benedict.
This note analyses the design of agri-environmental schemes for risk-averse producers whose input usage is only observable by costly monitoring. The scheme penalises producers in proportion to input use in excess of a quota. A striking result is that if the scheme is designed in such a way that producers always comply with the quota, risk aversion is not relevant in determining the level of input use.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Monitoring; Risk aversion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118539

Hierarquizacao dos agropolos cearenses segundo o indice de degradacao ambiental
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lima,   Joilson Silva; Cruz,   Carlos Eduardo Braga; Brito,   Ana Vladia Da Costa; Farias,   Renata Maria De Oliveira; Mayorga,   Maria Irles De Oliveira.
O presente estudo buscou hierarquizar os agropolos do Ceará segundo o seu índice de degradação ambiental. Foram utilizados dados secundários referentes aos municípios cearenses agrupados em agropolos. Foi identificado um conjunto de causas do fenômeno definido a partir de literatura especializada. Estas causas foram representadas por indicadores agrupados em três aspectos sendo 10 econômicos, 6 sociais e 6 ambientais. Foram construídos índices de degradação para cada aspecto. Os agropolos Inhamuns Norte, Cariri Oeste e Sertão de Canindé foram os mais susceptíveis à degradação quando analisados os três aspectos simultaneamente e devem ser priorizados pelas políticas ambientais. Alguns agropolos demandam medidas direcionadas no processo de mitigação da...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Degradação; Meio ambiente; Desenvolvimento sustentável; Degradation; Environment; Sustainable development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119150

House Price Prediction: Hedonic Price Model vs. Artificial Neural Network
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Limsombunchai,   Visit.
The objective of this paper is to empirically compare the predictive power of the hedonic model with an artificial neural network model on house price prediction. A sample of 200 houses in Christchurch, New Zealand is randomly selected from the Harcourt website. Factors including house size, house age, house type, number of bedrooms, number of bathrooms, number of garages, amenities around the house and geographical location are considered. Empirical results support the potential of artificial neural network on house price prediction, although previous studies have commented on its black box nature and achieved different conclusions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hedonic Model; Artificial Neural Network (ANN); House Price.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C53; L74.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97781

Household Food Security in a Subsistence Economy: Application of Translog Cost Function to Cross-sectional data in Vihiga District, Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nyangweso,   P.M.; Odhiambo,   Mark O.; Odunga; Serem,   A.K.
Vihiga, one of the poorest and densely populated districts in Kenya is perpetually food deficit (GOK, 2005). While food demand continued to rise, production fell behind both targeted production and district demand. To make matters worse food deficit situation worsened over the last decade. Rising population and competition for resources have curtailed efforts to improve household food production in the district. Unfavorable poverty indicators in the district only make matters worse. About 57.6 percent of the population and more than 50 percent of households live below absolute poverty line while 57 percent of the population and households live below food poverty line (GOK, 2005). Poor welfare indicators for Vihiga district underscore the importance and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Translog Cost Function; Vihiga; Kenya; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52216

Household perceptions of climate change and preferences for mitigation action: the case of the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akter,   Sonia; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
This study aims to show how Australian households perceive climate change and what they are prepared to do to reduce the harmful effects of climate change.    A web-based survey in November 2008 asked approximately 600 New South Wales households about their willingness to pay additional household expenses caused by the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) proposed by the Australian government.   The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), a widely used non-market valuation technique, was applied. Results of the study show there is a positive demand to mitigate climate change in Australia resulting from a wish to avoid climate change. Households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for climate change was, however, significantly curbed as households was uncertain about...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Climate change; Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme; Willingness to pay; Uncertainty; Australia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94819

HOUSEHOLD WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR DROPOFF RECYCLING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tiller,   Kelly; Jakus,   Paul M.; Park,   William M.
Increased landfilling costs and state-mandated reductions in municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal have combined to increase interest in recycling as an MSW management option. Most benefit-cost analyses, however, focus solely on urban curbside recycling programs and/or fail to include the benefits which accrue to households from the opportunity to recycle. This study focuses on the economic feasibility of dropoff recycling in rural areas, presenting estimates of household willingness to pay (WTP) for dropoff recycling in a rural/suburban area of Tennessee. Using contingent valuation, the most conservative mean household WTP is near $4.00 per household per month.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30846

HOUSEHOLDS' EXPERIENCES WITH THE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT IN SOUTH CAROLINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dukes,   F.R.; Miller,   Stephen E.; Henry,   Mark S.; Vander Mey,   Brenda J.; Horton,   Paul M.
The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), abbreviated as RIFA, is believed to have been brought by accident to Mobile, Alabama in the 1930s via ship ballast from South America.  The RIFA was first reported in Charleston and Orangeburg counties in South Carolina in 1952 and has since spread to all 46 counties in the state. The RIFA has had adverse impacts on the environments it has infested.  In natural environments, the young of ground-nesting insects, reptiles, birds and mammals are subject to RIFA predation.  In agriculture, the RIFA damages crops and livestock.  The RIFA poses a health threat to humans, as it is aggressive and has a venomous sting. To learn more about the current impacts of the RIFA, a random sample of South Carolina households...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18799

How A Cap-and-Trade Policy of Green House Gases Could Alter the Face of Agriculture in the South: A Spatial and Production Level Analysis.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Popp,   Michael P.; Fortin,   Corey.
With the Waxman-Markey Bill passing the House and the Obama administration’s push to reduce carbon emissions, the likelihood of the implementation of some form of a carbon policy is increasing. This study estimates the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the six largest crops produced in Arkansas using 63 different production practices as documented by University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service. From these GHG estimates a baseline state “carbon footprint” was estimated and a hypothetical cap-and-trade carbon reduction of 5, 10, and 20% was levied on Arkansas agriculture. Results show that while a modest reduction in GHG emissions (5%) would only affect crop allocations amongst certain crops while marginally reducing state net returns, a 20%...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cap-and-Trade; Carbon; Sustainability; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; Q52; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55717

How a National Carbon Policy Could Affect Grain Variety Selection:  The Case of Rice in Arkansas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McFadden,   Brandon R.; Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Popp,   Michael P.
This study conducts a life cycle assessment (LCA) of carbon emissions and estimates the carbon sequestered in 14 commonly sown rice varieties across the Arkansas Delta.  Given the uncertainty regarding future carbon legislation, and increased consumer and industry demand for “greener” products, this study estimates how potential carbon policies would affect rice cultivar selection Hybrid rice varieties, given their higher yield and higher yield per unit of green house gas (GHG) emission, are better positioned to take advantage of any increase in consumer demand for “greener” products and/or absorb any government policy better than conventional rice cultivars.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rice; Carbon Policy; Cap and Trade; Carbon Offset; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97827

How Ambitious are China and India’s Emissions Intensity Targets?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stern,   David I.; Jotzo,   Frank.
As part of the negotiating process for a post-Kyoto climate policy regime, several developing economies have announced carbon emission targets for 2020. China and India’s commitments are framed as emissions intensity reductions by 40 to 45 per cent and 20 to 25 per cent respectively between 2005 and 2020. But how feasible are these proposed emissions intensity reductions, and how do they compare with the targeted reductions in the United States and the European Union?   In this research report we use a stochastic frontier model to explain the variation in countries’ energy intensities. We use the model to produce emissions projections for China and India under a number of scenarios that consider various rates of technological change and changes in the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Carbon emissions; Climate change; Developing countries; Projections; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q54; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94947

How big is leakage from forestry carbon credits? Estimates from a Global Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acosta,   Montserrat; Sohngen,   Brent.
There is widespread recognition that forestry carbon credits can reduce the net emissions of carbon into the atmosphere.  Designing systems to sequester carbon, however, has proven difficult due to a number of efficiency issues, including leakage. Leakage occurs when policy makers develop carbon projects in specific places which protect some parcels of land, but leave other parcels of land unprotected.  This analysis uses a newly developed model of global land use change from an established forestry and land use model, described in Sohngen et al. (1999); Sohngen and Mendelsohn (2003); and Kindermann et al. (2008). To assess leakage we estimate carbon under storage under one scenario where the world is awarded carbon credits and another where tropical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon Sequestration; Leakage; Carbon Credits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49468

How California Came to Pass AB 32, the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanemann,   W. Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7190

How Can Economists Help Clear Landmines and Unexploded Ordnance?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   Dan.
Millions of mines lie in or on the ground in 62 countries resulting in thousands of deaths and injuries each year. Most mines are cleared using probes and hand held mine detectors; although sniffer dogs and a variety of machines are becoming more common. Clearing landmines is very expensive with costs often reaching US$10 per square metre; over US$1.5 billion has been spent on clearing mines since 1992. Most of the organisations involved in mine clearance have concentrated on technical aspects and put less emphasis on the most cost effective way of getting the job done. This paper reviews the contribution that economists can make in the area of humanitarian mine clearance and describes the development of a software package and manual designed to help...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mine Clearance; Cost Effectiveness Analysis; Software Model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98503

How can the primary sector lead us out of recession? …constraints to and facilitators of growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Champion,   Scott.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96834

HOW CHINA’S FARMERS ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Jinxia; Mendelsohn,   Robert; Dinar,   Ariel; Huang,   Jikun.
This paper examines how farmers have adapted to the current range of climates across China.  A cross sectional method is used to analyze irrigation choice and crop choice across 8,405 farmers in 28 provinces in China.  We find that both irrigation and crop choice decisions are climate sensitive. Chinese farmers are more likely to irrigate when facing lower temperatures and less precipitation.  Farmers in warmer places are more likely to choose oil crops, maize, and especially cotton and wheat, and are less likely to choose vegetables, potatoes, sugar and especially rice and soybeans.  In wetter locations, farmers are more likely to choose soybeans, oil crops, sugar, vegetables, cotton and especially rice, and they are less likely to choose potato, wheat...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Adaptation; Irrigation Choice; Crop Choice; China; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51803

How CO2 Capture and Storage Can Mitigate Carbon Leakage
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quirion,   Philippe; Rozenberg,   Julie; Sassi,   Olivier; Vogt-Schilb,   Adrien.
Most CO2 abatement policies reduce the demand for fossil fuels and therefore their price in international markets. If these policies are not global, this price decrease raises emissions in countries without CO2 abatement policies, generating “carbon leakage”. On the other hand, if the countries which abate CO2 emissions are net fossil fuel importers, they benefit from this price decrease, which reduces the abatement cost. In contrast, CO2 capture and storage (CCS) does not reduce fossil fuel demand, therefore it generates neither this type of leakage nor this negative feedback on abatement costs. We quantify these effects with the global hybrid general equilibrium model Imaclim-R and show that they are quantitatively important. Indeed, for a given...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CO2 Capture and Storage; Carbon Leakage; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101293

How cost-effective are direct payments to organic farms for achieving environmental policy targets?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schader,   Christian; Lampkin,   Nicolas; Christie,   Mike; Stolze,   Matthias.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115991

How Do Economists Really Think About the Environment?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fullerton,   Don; Stavins,   Robert N.
On a topic like the environment, communication among scholars from different disciplines in the natural and social sciences is both important and difficult, but such communication has been far from perfect. Economists themselves may have contributed to some rather fundamental misunderstandings about how economists think about the environment, perhaps through our enthusiasm for market solutions, perhaps by neglecting to make explicit all of the necessary qualifications, and perhaps simply by the use of jargon that has specific meaning only to other economists. In this brief essay, we seek to clarify some of these misunderstandings and thus to improve future interdisciplinary communication. We hope that natural scientists and other non-economists will take...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market failure; Economic analysis; Efficiency; Equity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; H4; L51.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10910

How Do Public Disclosure Pollution Control Programs Work? Evidence from Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Afsah,   Shakeb; Blackman,   Allen; Ratunanda,   Damayanti.
Although a growing body of evidence suggests that publicly disclosing information about plants' environmental performance can motivate emissions reductions, this phenomenon remains poorly understood. To help fill this gap, this paper presents original data from a survey of plants participating in the Program for Pollution Control, Evaluation and Rating (PROPER), Indonesia's widely-acclaimed public disclosure program. These data suggest that a key means by which PROPER spurs abatement is improving factory managers' information about their own plants' emissions and abatement opportunities. This finding contrasts with the prevailing view in the literature that public disclosure enhances pressures to abate placed on firms by external agents such as community...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public disclosure; Environment; Voluntary regulation; Informal regulation; Indonesia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10515

How do Voluntary Pollution Reduction Programs (VPRs) Work? An Empirical Study of Links between VPRs, Environmental Management, and Environmental Performance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sam,   Abdoul G.; Innes,   Robert; Khanna,   Madhu.
EPA-sponsored voluntary pollution reduction programs (VPR) have gained increased prominence in U.S. environmental policy. However, as commitments to these programs are not enforceable by design, the empirical literature has mostly focused on studying the motives for their adoption and their efficacy in curbing pollution. This paper seeks (i) to shed light on the bi-directional links between participation in a VPR and adoption of firm-structured environmental management strategies (EMS), and (ii) the joint impact of VPRs and EMS adoption on the environmental performance of participant firms. Our econometric analysis reveals that participation in the 33/50 program, helped spur the adoption of Total Quality Environment Management (TQEM), which in turn had a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21192

How Does Climate Policy Affect Technical Change? An Analysis of the Direction and Pace of Technical Progress in a Climate-Economy Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carraro,   Carlo; Massetti,   Emanuele; Nicita,   Lea.
This paper analyses whether and how a climate policy designed to stabilize greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is likely to change the direction and pace of technical progress. The analysis is performed using an upgraded version of WITCH, a dynamic integrated regional model of the world economy. In this version, a non-energy R&amp;D Sector, which enhances the productivity of the capital-labor aggregate, has been added to the energy R&amp;D sector included in the original WITCH model. We find that, as a consequence of climate policy, R&amp;D is re-directed towards energy knowledge. Nonetheless, total R&amp;D investments decrease, due to a more than proportional contraction of non-energy R&amp;D. Indeed, when non-energy and energy inputs are weakly...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technical Change; Climate Policy; Stabilization Cost; R&amp;D Investments; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; H23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50357

How Does Self-governance Complement ITQ under QMS in New Zealand?– A Case Study of the Self-governance Evolvement in the Foveaux Strait Oyster Fishery
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yang,   Yu Wen (Ann).
This paper examines efforts to develop industry led self-governance in the Bluff Oyster Fishery. The paper focuses on participatory management and its ability to address some of the unintended consequences of management – for example high-grading. The Bluff oyster fishery’s administrative and biological performances are analysed and then used to assess whether or not the participatory management model – fisheries self-governance in this case – complements Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) for this inshore shellfish fishery. The paper argues that the fishery’s current self-governance model not only aids in improving the performance of the fishery, and that the Bluff oyster fishery has the capacity to shift towards an industry led self-regulated fishery.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Self-governance; ITQ; OMS; Transaction costs; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96441

How Harmful are Adaptation Restrictions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Bruin,   Kelly C.; Dellink,   Rob B.
The dominant assumption in economic models of climate policy remains that adaptation will be implemented in an optimal manner. There are, however, several reasons why optimal levels of adaptation may not be attainable. This paper investigates the effects of suboptimal levels of adaptation, i.e. adaptation restrictions, on the composition and level of climate change costs and on welfare. Several adaptation restrictions are identified and then simulated in a revised DICE model, extended with adaptation (AD-DICE). We find that especially substantial over-investment in adaptation can be very harmful due to sharply increasing marginal adaptation costs. Furthermore the potential of mitigation to offset suboptimal adaptation is investigated. When adaptation is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Integrated Assessment Modelling; Adaptation; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52546

How Important is Technological Innovation in Protecting the Environment?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.; Pizer,   William A.; Fischer,   Carolyn.
Economists have speculated that the welfare gains from technological innovation that reduces the future costs of environmental protection could be a lot more important than the "Pigouvian" welfare gains over time from correcting a pollution externality. If so, then a primary concern in the design of environmental policies should be the impact on induced innovation, and a potentially strong case could be made for additional instruments such as research subsidies. This paper examines the magnitude of the welfare gains from innovation relative to the discounted Pigouvian welfare gains, using a dynamic social planning model in which research and development (R&amp;D) augments a knowledge stock that reduces future pollution abatement costs. We find that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10883

How Knowledge Affects Payment to Conserve an Endangered Bird
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Clevo; Tisdell,   Clement A.
The paper reports the findings of an experimental survey conducted to determine the public’s willingness to pay for the protection and conservation of the golden-shouldered parrot in Australia. This parrot is endemic to Australia and is one of Australia’s most endangered birds. The paper examines the public’s knowledge of this parrot and compares it with other endangered birds as well as common birds and the public’s willingness to pay for conservation from a hypothetical allocation of money based on their current knowledge. We then examine how this allocation changes with increased knowledge about all species. Comparisons are made.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54348

How Large Are the Welfare Gains from Technological Innovation Induced by Environmental Policies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.; Pizer,   William A.; Fischer,   Carolyn.
This paper examines whether the welfare gains from technological innovation that reduces future abatement costs are larger or smaller than the “Pigouvian” welfare gains from optimal pollution control. The relative welfare gains from innovation depend on three key factors ¾ the initially optimal level of abatement, the speed at which innovation reduces future abatement costs, and the discount rate. We calculate the welfare gains from innovation under a variety of different scenarios. Mostly they are less than the Pigouvian welfare gains. To be greater, innovation must reduce abatement costs substantially and quickly and the initially optimal abatement level must be fairly modest.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Welfare; Regulation; Endogenous; Technological; Change; R&amp;D; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q28; O32; O33.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10448

How Large Are the Welfare Gains from Technological Innovation Induced by Environmental Policies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.; Pizer,   William A.; Fischer,   Carolyn.
This paper examines whether the welfare gains from technological innovation that reduces future abatement costs are larger or smaller than the "Pigouvian" welfare gains from optimal pollution control. The relative welfare gains from innovation depend on three key factors - the initially optimal level of abatement, the speed at which innovation reduces future abatement costs, and the discount rate. We calculate the welfare gains from innovation under a variety of different scenarios. Mostly they are less than the Pigouvian welfare gains. To be greater, innovation must reduce abatement costs substantially and quickly and the initially optimal abatement level must be fairly modest.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Welfare; Regulation; Endogenous; Technological; Change; R&amp;D; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q28; O32; O33.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10621

How Local Governments Structure Contracts with Private Firms: Economic Theory and Evidence on Solid Waste and Recycling Contracts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walls,   Margaret.
Solid waste management services are contracted out to private firms in many U.S. communities. Household waste collection, transport, and disposal are relatively straightforward services to define within the terms of a contract. The addition of recycling, however, significantly complicates matters. How should contracts be structured to provide incentives for recycling? Who should own key facilities, such as recyclable materials processing facilities? Should a separate contract for processing and sale of materials be used, or should these services be provided by government employees or purely private markets? These questions are addressed in this study using the principal-agent framework and the theory of incomplete contracts in economics. I explain stylized...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Incentive contracts; Asset specificity; Principal-agent models; Waste collection; Recycling; Environmental Economics and Policy; L33; L14; Q2.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10707

How much can be gained by optimizing nutrient abetment spatially – Cost – efficiency comparison of non – point arable loads from different Finnish watersheds
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helin,   Janne; Tattari,   Sirkka.
Targeting has become the buzz word in the national agri-environmental policy reform in Finland. It is generally accepted that more environmental benefits could be reaped by implementing environmental protection measures where they have the biggest positive impact. However, considering one of the main environmental problems in Finland resulting from agriculture, eutrophication, the identification of first-best policy or even the biggest contributors among the diffuse nutrient sources remains as a considerable challenge. The model developed in this study aims to demonstrate how the agricultural nutrient load potential can be calculated in a way which supports the identifying of cost-efficient abatement policies. We use metamodeling of dynamic nutrient load...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutrient abatement; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Non-linear optimization; GIS; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109381

How Overconfident are Current Projections of Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Emissions?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keller,   Klaus; Miltich,   Louise I.; Robinson,   Alexander; Tol,   Richard S.J.
Analyzing the risks of anthropogenic climate change requires sound probabilistic projections of CO2 emissions. Previous projections have broken important new ground, but many rely on out-of-range projections, are limited to the 21st century, or provide only implicit probabilistic information. Here we take a step towards resolving these problems by assimilating globally aggregated observations of population size, economic output, and CO2 emissions over the last three centuries into a simple economic model. We use this model to derive probabilistic projections of business-as-usual CO2 emissions to the year 2150. We demonstrate how the common practice to limit the calibration timescale to decades can result in biased and overconfident projections. The range...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Dioxide; Emissions; Scenarios; Data Assimilation; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q540.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9321

How Policy Affects Incentives and Contract Duration in Biomass Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Chenguang.
Policies such as Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) which aim to assist farmers with biomass production may act as a double-edged sword. On one hand, they lure farmers to adopt biomass production in the short term. On the other hand, they can’t be irresponsible for farmers’ abandonment of biomass production in the long run. The paper sharpens this idea in a principal-agent setting and argues that by offering a timely loyalty premium the agents’ take-and-run behavior can be mitigated. Moreover, the model shows that effort and investment in human capital are increasing in loyalty premium when agents decide to continue providing biomass after testing-water contract expires.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: BCAP; Incentive; Contract duration; Take-and-Run; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103335

How the North Dakota Farmer/Rancher Acquires Water Rights
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beck,   Robert E.; Johnson,   Jerome E.; Sillers,   Cameron D.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120943

How to Design a Border Adjustment for the European Union Emissions Trading System?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Monjon,   Stephanie; Quirion,   Philippe.
Border adjustments are currently discussed to limit the possible adverse impact of climate policies on competitiveness and carbon leakage. We discuss the main choices that will have to be made if the European Union implements such a system alongside with the EU ETS. Although more analysis is required on some issues, on others some design options seem clearly preferable to others. First, the import adjustment should be a requirement to surrender allowances rather than a tax. Second, the general rule to determine the amount of allowances per ton imported should be the product-specific benchmarks that the European Commission is currently elaborating for a different purpose (i.e. to determine the amount of free allowances). Third, this obligation should apply...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Leakage; Border Adjustment; Border Tax Adjustment; EU ETS; Competitiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q38.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60684

How to Measure Carbon Equity: Carbon Gini Index Based on Historical Cumulative Emission Per Capita
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fei,   Teng; Jiankun,   He; Xunzhang,   Pan; Chi,   Zhang.
This paper uses Lorenz Curve and Gini Index with adjustment to per capita historical cumulative emission and constructs Carbon Gini Index to measure inequality in climate change area. The analysis using Carbon Gini Index shows that 70% of carbon space in the atmosphere has been used for unequal distribution, which is almost the same as that of income in the country with the biggest gap between rich and poor in the world. The carbon equity should be an urgency and priority in the climate agenda. Carbon Gini Index established in this paper can be used to measure inequality in the distribution of carbon space and provide a quantified indicator for measurement of carbon equity among different proposals.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Carbon Equity; Long-term Mitigation Goal; Cumulative Emission Per Capita; Carbon Gini Index; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q45; Q56; D63.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102568

How to Realize Breakthrough in WTO Doha Negotiations?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhou,   Jian-Ming.
Originally published by ‘Africa Link’ (www.africalink.ch/), Headquarters in Switzerland, at (http://www.africalink.ch/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=12993%3Ahow-torealize- breakthrough-in-wto-doha-negotiations&amp;catid=49%3Abusiness-andeconomy&amp; Itemid=58 =en)
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Breakthrough; WTO; Doha negotiations; Agriculture; Non-agricultural market; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F; K; O; P; Q; R.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97047

How Trade Politics Affect Invasive Species Control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Margolis,   Michael; Shogren,   Jason F.
Trade has become the main mode of transport for many invasive species including diseases and agricultural pests. Most species are brought to their new homes unintentionally, which constitute a market failure rooted in international trade. Unless it is practical to drive invasion risk to zero, the external costs may justify a tariff. In this paper we analyze the political process likely to govern the formation of tariffs so justified, using a straightforward incorporation of an invasive species externality into Grossman and Helpman's well-known political economy model. We show our measure of disguised protectionism -the gap between the optimal tariff and that set in the equilibrium of the political economy game- is equal to the tariff that would be set if...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Protectionism; Tariff; Political economy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q17; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10770

How Useful are Computable General Equilibrium Models for Sustainability Impact Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scrieciu,   Silviu Serban.
Computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling represents a powerful tool for hypothesising possible sustainability outcomes that might be triggered with the implementation of policy proposals. Nevertheless, CGE modelling is based on several tight general equilibrium and neoclassical micro-economic theoretical assumptions that make their application to the assessment of all three pillars of sustainability questionable. Although some of these assumptions have been relaxed in recent and more advanced CGE models, further research needs to be undertaken in order to bring model specifications closer to realistic behavioural relationships. CGE models also tend to focus on alternative equilibrium outcomes and rarely deal with the adjustment process or regulation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30586

How well does Learning-by-doing Explain Cost Reductions in a Carbon-free Energy Technology?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nemet,   Gregory F.
The incorporation of experience curves has enhanced the treatment of technological change in models used to evaluate the cost of climate and energy policies. However, the set of activities that experience curves are assumed to capture is much broader than the set that can be characterized by learning-by-doing, the primary connection between experience curves and economic theory. How accurately do experience curves describe observed technological change? This study examines the case of photovoltaics (PV), a potentially important climate stabilization technology with robust technology dynamics. Empirical data are assembled to populate a simple engineering-based model identifying the most important factors affecting the cost of PV over the past three decades....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12051

HUMAN CAPITAL, INCOME, AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: A STATE-LEVEL ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goetz,   Stephan J.; Debertin,   David L.; Pagoulatos,   Angelos.
An empirical analysis reveals that states with more highly educated populations have better environmental conditions, after controlling for income, population density, and industrial composition.  The strategy of raising human capital stocks to maintain or improve environmental quality is proposed as a complement, if not an alternative, to direct government intervention, which consists of command and control, market incentives, and moral suasion.  Under this approach, general education becomes the control variable that guides economic behavior in a manner consistent with long-term environmental sustainability.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31530

Human Capital, Innovation, and Climate Policy: An Integrated Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carraro,   Carlo; De Cian,   Enrica; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper looks at the interplay between human capital and innovation in the presence of climate and educational policies. Using recent empirical estimates, human capital and general purpose R&amp;D are introduced in an integrated assessment model that has been extensively applied to study climate change mitigation. Our results suggest that climate policy stimulates general purpose as well as clean energy R&amp;D but reduces the incentive to invest in human capital formation. Human capital increases the productivity of labour and the complementarity between labour and energy drives its pollution-using effect (direct effect). When human capital is an essential input in the production of generic and energy dedicated  knowledge, the crowding out induced by...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Innovation; Human capital; Environmental Economics and Policy; O33; O41; Q43.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122861

HUNGARIAN RENEWABLE ENERGYSTRATEGY AND THE UPRISE OF THE COUNTRYSIDE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gergely,   Sandor.
While the development, processing and logistics of fossil resources is extremely concentrated and monopolysed, the production and utilisation of renewable energy – with the exception of larger hydroelectric plants – is deconcentrated.  It is especially important that the renewable sources of energy available to us might play a decisive role in the uprise of the Hungarian countryside, as green energy production might be profitable even in areas where the land is less suitable for agriculture. There is a hot sea beneath 40% of the territory of the country. Energy derived from this sea could be used to attain various local and national goals. Utilising solar energy on a local scale is an opportunity to earn extra income, and opportunity which exists even in...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Renewable energy strategy; Rural development; Local benefits; Renewable Energy Advisory Service; Uprise of the countryside; Megújuló energia stratégia; Vidékfejlesztés; Lokális fejlesztő hatás; Megújuló Energia Tanácsadó Szolgálat; Vidék felemelkedése; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99204

Hydrologic Simulations of the Maquoketa River Watershed Using SWAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jha,   Manoj K.
This paper describes the application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to the Maquoketa River watershed, located in northeast Iowa. The inputs to the model were obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency’s geographic information/database system called Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS). Climatic data from six weather stations located in and around the watershed, and measured streamflow data from a U.S. Geological Survey gage station at the watershed outlet were used in the sensitivity analysis of SWAT model parameters as well as its calibration and validation for watershed hydrology and streamflow. A sensitivity analysis was performed using an influence coefficient method to evaluate surface...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Calibration and validation; Hydrologic simulation; Sensitivity analysis; SWAT.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51123

Hydrological and environmental issues of interbasin water transfers in India: a case of the Krishna River Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.; Gamage,   Nilantha; Bharati,   Luna.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: River basins; Water transfer; Environmental effects; Dams; Reservoirs; Water resources development; Irrigation requirements; Case studies; India; Krishna River; Godavari River; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53065

Hyperbolic discounting in analyzing investment in groundwater irrigation in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.; Rashmi,   N.; Chandrashekar,   H.; Nagaraj,   N.
Researchers are often confronted with the choice of discount rate as well as the method of discounting for estimating the amortized cost of long-term investment in agriculture including groundwater irrigation. The obvious choice is to use the opportunity cost of capital, which is the prevailing interest rate of around 9 percent (compounded – exponential basis), charged on longterm agriculture loans. However, using the ‘exponential’ basis does not provide a realistic amortized cost of irrigation as it over estimates the value of investment due to ‘exponential’ basis as demonstrated above. In order to obtain an empirical estimate of this interest rate, using field data from farmers three dry agro-climatic zones of Karnataka (Shamsundar (1996), Sripadmini...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hyperbolic discounting; Groundwater; Exponential; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D9; Q25; M4.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43626

HYPOXIA: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diaz,   Robert J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33255

Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico in 2010: was the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill a Factor? (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ostrom,   Nathaniel E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/106136

HŐHASZNOSÍTÁSÚ BIOMASSZA POTENCIÁL HEVES MEGYÉBEN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gergely,   Sandor.
Az Európai Unióban 2004-ben 13,9% a nem fosszilis, megújuló energiahor-dozók részaránya az energiatermelésben, amelyet 2010-re 22,1%-ra terveznek emelni. Hazánkban ez az arány 2004-ben 0,9%, amelyet 2010-re 3,6%-ra kellene emelnünk; ezt vállaltuk csatlakozásunkkor. A következő hat évben négyszeresére kell növelni a megújuló energiahordozók termelését, felhasználását.  Heves megyében is egyre nagyobb jelentőségre tesz szert az a törekvés, hogy növekvő energiaigényét minél kedvezőbb áron tudják kielégíteni. Az imént emlí-tett mindkét alapvető szempontnak megfelel az, ha minél teljesebb mértékben hasznosítják a megyékben található biomassza energetikai tartalékokat. A szerző irányításával a Károly Róbert Főiskola kutatói, oktatói a Gyöngyös Körzete Kistérség...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Megújuló energia; Energia-erdő program; Gyöngyös kistérség; Renewable energy; Energy-forest programme; Gyöngyös District; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54852

Identification Of Important Criteria In Farm Systems Decisions Around Lake Taupo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dooley,   A.E.; Smeaton,   D.; Ledgard,   S.F.
Nitrogen leaching from agriculture contributes to contamination of Lake Taupo. Multiple criteria decision making was used to compare fourteen pre-defined farming systems which reduced, or maintained nitrogen losses. Case study participants included three to four each of Maori Incorporation representatives, owner-operators, Environment Waikato employees, and researchers. The total group identified criteria that were important in choosing between the systems. Profit and nitrogen outputs were provided for the systems. Individuals weighted criteria and subjectively scored each system’s performance against the remaining criteria. Systems were ranked using this information. Variation within and between groups was considerable. Key criteria included: profit; farm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm systems; Decision making; Agriculture; Environment; Nitrogen leaching; Multiple criteria decision making; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98504

Identification of stochastic processes for an estimated icewine temperature hedging variable
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cyr,   Don; Kusy,   Martin.
Weather derivatives are a relatively new form of financial security that can provide firms with the ability to hedge against the impact of weather related risks to their activities.  Participants in the energy industry have employed standardized weather contracts trading on organized exchanges since 1999 and the interest in non-standardized contracts for specialized weather related risks is growing at an increasing rate. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential use of weather derivatives to hedge against temperature related risks in Canadian ice wine production. Specifically we examine historical data for the Niagara region of the province of Ontario, Canada, the largest icewine producing region of the world, to determine an appropriate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wine market; Weather derivatives; Weather hedging; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; G13; G32; Q14; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37298

Identifying barriers and opportunities for transitions towards more sustainable agriculture through system analysis. The case of Vereda La Hoya, Colombia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feola,   Giuseppe; Schoell,   Regina; Binder,   Claudia R.
9th European International Farming System Association Symposium
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pesticide use; Personal protective equipment; Sustainability transition; Structural Mental Model Approach; Integrative Agent‐Centred framework; Colombia; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117781

Identifying Common Fallacies in the Choice of Environmental Taxes for Agricultural Pollution Control: The Absence of Transaction Costs and the Normality of Agricultural Pollutants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kampas,   Athanasios.
The choice of environmental taxes is one of the central themes in policy design for agricultural pollution control, which dominates both empirical and theoretical research. This paper examines two assumptions very often employed in applied research, namely the absence of transaction costs and the normality of agricultural pollutants. Our results indicate that the well-known superiority of emission taxes over input taxes may not always be valid, when transaction costs are taken into account. Further more, the assumption of normal distributed agricultural pollutants overestimate the relative abatement costs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26422

Identifying Environmental Consequences of Conversion Plants: Options for Managing Tradeoffs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharp,   Annette.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47351

Identifying Priority Target Areas for Knoxville-Knox County Hillside and Ridgetop Protection Plan: Using Value of Visual Amenity during the Real Estate Boom of 2002-2006 and the Recession of 2008
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chadourne,   Matthew H.; Cho,   Seong-Hoon; Roberts,   Roland K.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103842

IDENTIFYING PROBLEMS AND POTENTIAL OF THE CONVERSION TO ORGANIC FARMING IN SOUTH AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niemeyer,   Katharina; Lombard,   Jan.
The world-wide trend of a growing organic sector is also detectable in South Africa. From 2000 to 2002 the number of farmers who had converted to organic farming in South Africa increased sixfold, and although organic farming still accounts only for a minute percentage of the total number agricultural producers, the increasing importance of this sector is apparent. Based on survey results, information was gathered about organic farmers in South Africa concerning socio-demographic aspects, farming operations, motivations and problems of the conversion process. These results were analysed in the context of possibilities to support the organic farming movement theoretically and practically. With respect to the findings it is recommended that the conversion to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19082

Identifying the range of distance over which open space affects housing values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cho,   Seong-Hoon; Lambert,   Dayton M.; Kim,   Seung Gyu; Park,   William M.; Roberts,   Roland K.
This research uses a sequence of hedonic housing price regressions to estimate open space amenity values. The iterative approach empirically identifies the range of distance over which open space affects housing values. After controlling for numerous other factors in the spatial hedonic model, simple functional relationships were established between the implicit prices of developed open space, forest-land open space, and agriculture-wetland open space and the buffer radius of the area surrounding a given location. In the case of Nashville-Davidson County, Tennessee, households place a positive value on additional developed open space and forest-land open space up to distances of 2.2 miles and 1.5 miles, respectively, and a negative value for additional...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture-wetland open space; Amenity value; Developed open space; Forest-land open space; Hedonic spatial model; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56342

If services aren't delivered, people won't pay: the role of measurement problems and monitoring in Payments for Environmental Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meijerink,   Gerdien W.
The idea of Payments for environmental services (PES) has an appealing simplicity, which may explain the success of the concept. However, successful projects are far limited though and two constraints have been identified in literature. The first is limited demand: too few service users are so confident about the mechanism that they are willing to pay. The second obstacle is poor knowledge on the institutional requirements entailing incentive and livelihood mechanisms which so far have received comparatively less attention. This paper focuses on both constraints by arguing that monitoring effectiveness and conditionality of PES schemes are crucial and that institutional arrangements for monitoring should be in place. By analysing in a systematic way what...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: PES; Monitoring; Measurement; Institutional arrangement; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7948

Ignoring the Multi-species Aspect of Labor Supply Decisions in Spatially Explicit Bio-economic Fishery Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stafford,   Tess.
This paper analyzes the bias associated with ignoring the multi-species aspect of labor supply decisions in spatially explicit bioeconomic fishery models.  Recent advancements have been made to simultaneously model the biology of a marine species and the strategic behavior of harvesters over both time and space in order to more accurately predict the effect of regulatory policies on harvester effort and resource population.  These models assume a nested choice structure in which the harvester first faces a dichotomous decision between fishing for the target species or not on a given day and then chooses a location to fish conditional on participation.  This structure implicitly groups all non-target species options together in the first nest forcing...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Multi-species fisheries; Labor supply; Fisheries management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124367

Imbedding Ecological Farming in EU Agricultural Policy: The EU Plan of Action for Ecological FarmingEinbettung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stolze,   Matthias; Lampkin,   Nicolas.
The development of organic agriculture in Europe is mainly driven by consumer demand for organic products and policy support through area payments and standard setting through regulations. The policy challenge therefore is to achieve a balanced policy mix recognising governmental policy support on the one side and the market mechanisms for yielding premium prices. Action Plans are suitable policy instruments to address and integrate different and sometimes conflicting policy measures. In 2004, the European Action Plan for Organic Food and Farming was published by the European Commission. The action plan takes up very important issues for the further development of organic farming standards through EC Reg. 2092/91, stresses the importance of information...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32006

Impact Assessment of agricultural research and development to reduce virus problems in tomato production in Mali: Farmers perceptions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nouhoheflin,   Theodore; Coulibaly,   Ousmane; Norton,   Geoff; Soumare,   S.; Sissoko,   P.
Pests and diseases caused by bacteria, nematodes, fungi and viruses cause significant losses to tomato in West Africa. This study, carried-out within the framework of the IPM-CRSP implemented jointly by IITA, IER and Virginia Tech. and State University, assesses farmers’ perceptions on tomato pests and analyzes factors affecting pest management decision-making. Surveys were carried out in three tomato production areas where pests and diseases are major agricultural problems encountered by farmers. Data were collected a sample of from 343 farmers through a set of questionnaires on tomato production systems. Farmer’s decision-making in pest management was modeled using an econometrics Logit probability model. Results show that the main disease reported by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52092

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE 2003 CAP REFORM AND THE NITRATE DIRECTIVE ON THE ARABLE FARMING SYSTEM IN THE MIDI-PYRÉNÉES REGION: BIO-ECONOMIC MODELING AT FIELD, FARM AND REGIONAL LEVELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Louhichi,   Kamel; Belhouchette,   Hatem; Wery,   Jacques; Therond,   Olivier; Flichman,   Guillermo.
This paper analyses the impact of the 2003 CAP reform (the so-called Fischler Reform) and its interaction with the Nitrate Directive on the sustainability of selected arable farming systems in a French region (Midi-Pyrénées). The Nitrate Directive is one of the oldest EU environmental programs designed to reduce water pollution by nitrate from agricultural sources, through a set of measures, defined at regional level, and mandatory for farmers of vulnerable zones. This impact analysis is performed through a bio-economic modelling framework coupling the crop model CropSyst and the farm-based model FSSIM developed, within the EU FP6 SEAMLESS project (Van Ittersum et al., 2008). The 2003 CAP reform was compared first to the continuation of Agenda 2000...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Integrated assessment; Agricultural Policy; Nitrate Directive; Bioeconomic modelling; Multi-scale analysis.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; Q52; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44826

Impact of agri‐environmental policies on farming practices and nutrient loading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laukkanen,   Marita; Nauges,   Celine.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Agri‐environmental regulation; Nutrient loading; Panel data; Finland; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124347

IMPACT OF CAP’S PILLARS ON ROMANIAN RURAL EMPLOYMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vincze,   Maria-Magdolna; Kerekes,   Kinga.
This paper aims to clarify the direction of change in rural employment on short- and medium term in Romania, while CAP regulations are being introduced and the global economic crisis emerges. First we put into evidence the decrease of the role of agriculture as buffer for unemployment and the poor contribution of non-agricultural activities to provide employment for rural residents. Then we analyse the main characteristics of the rural labour force. Finally we synthesize the opinions expressed by 33 consultants (working at the Offices for Agricultural Consultancy from different counties in Transylvania) about the estimated short term evolution of rural employment and the impact of CAP on Romanian rural areas.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Change of agricultural structure; Rural employment; Impact of the Common Agricultural Policy on Romanian rural employment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53572

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND INTERNATIONAL PRICES UNCERTAINTY ON THE SUDANESE SORGHUM MARKET: A STOCHASTIC APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sassi,   Maria.
The paper simulates the possible sorghum price change and the related probability of occurrence under different rainfall scenarios and in a context of price uncertainty on international markets. The empirical investigation is based on the stochastic approach. Results underline an expected increase in sorghum price under the effect of the high level of uncertainty in precipitation and in international market price; the most intense likely change produced by the international market price of sorghum uncertainty; the need to overcome the agricultural view in policy making in order to include a market perspective.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Drought; Food prices; Stochastic approach; Sudan; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124111

Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Production in Asian Countries: Evidence from Panel Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Jaehyuk; Nadolnyak,   Denis A.; Hartarska,   Valentina M.
We analyze the impact of climate change on agricultural production in 13 Asian countries for 1998-2007 estimating country-level FE panel model using climate variables. Higher summer temperature and rainfall increase production, higher fall temperature decreases it in Southeast Asia, and increase in annual temperature decreases agricultural production in Asian countries.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Production; Food security; Asia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119808

Impact of Climate Change on Poverty in Laos
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kyophilavong,   Phouphet; Takamatsu,   Shinya.
The climate change is global problems. It is predicted to have more severe impact on developing country which most of population are poor. The main impact of climate change on poverty is changing crop productivity and commodity prices. However, there are few studies on the relationship between climate change and poverty. Therefore, this study will use Laos which has a high share of agriculture sector on GDP and high poverty rates as a case study to assess the impact the climate change on national wide-economy and climate change using CGE model. The preliminary result shows that climate change has serious impact of Lao economy in term of declining GDP. On the other hand, the micro-simulation indicates that the impact on poverty was negligible. This is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103999

Impact of climate change on wheat market and food security in Sudan: stochastic approach and CGE model and CGE Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sassi,   Maria; Cardaci,   Alberto.
The paper aims at analysing the impact of the likely change in rainfall on food availability and access to food in Sudan. The empirical investigation is based on an integrated approach consisting of a stochastic method and CGE model. The former provides the likely changes in sorghum, millet and wheat productivity and their probability of occurrence according to rainfall predictions based on historical data. These results are at the basis of the shocks simulated in a standard CGE model augmented with a stochastic component. Achievements underline the negative impact on the two dimensions of food security taken into consideration, mainly due to a reduction in cereal supply, a marked cereal inflation pressure and income contraction; the grater negative effect...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Food security; Stochastic approach; Cge; Sudan; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124110

Impact of climate policy on the Basque country.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gonzalez,   Mikel; Dellink,   Rob B.
In this paper analyze the economic effects of CO2 emission reductions in the Basque Country (Spain) using an applied general equilibrium (AGE) model with specific attention to environment-energy-economy interactions. Environmental policy is implemented through a system of tradable pollution permits that the government auctions. The costs of different levels of CO2 abatement are discussed, focusing on the variations of macroeconomic, sectoral and environment-energy variables. Results show that the costs for achieving the Kyoto targets can remain limited if the appropriate combination of changes in fuel-mix and restructuring of the economy is induced.      Impacto económico del control del cambio climático en el País Vasco  Resumen En este trabajo analizamos...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Applied General Equilibrium; Climate change; Tradable pollution permits; Basque Country; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; H21; Q20; Q28.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7993

Impact of CO2 Emission Policies on Food Supply Chain: Application to the U.S. Apple Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Jun; Gomez,   Miguel I.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103813

Impact of different biofuel policy options on agricultural production and land use in Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banse,   Martin; Sorda,   Giovanni.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53251

Impact of Environmental Policies on the Adoption of Animal Waste Management Practices in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Savage,   Jeff; Ribaudo,   Marc.
We use data from the ERS-NASS ARMS surveys to compare the use of best management practices on poultry and livestock farms inside the watershed and outside the watershed. Animal operations within the Chesapeake Bay States were found to be adopting some important manure management practices at a greater rate than operations outside the watershed. Adoption was taking place before the implementation of the TMDL, indicating that farmers may have been acting in response to building public pressure to reduce pollution.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Chesapeake Bay; Confined animal operation; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123246

Impact of EPA's Voluntary 33/50 Program on Pollution Prevention Adoption and Toxic Releases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bi,   Xiang; Khanna,   Madhu.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/25/08.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: 33/50 program; Toxic release inventory; Releases; Program evaluation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q58; Q53; L60.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6258

Impact of Farm Size and Uncertainty on Technology Disadoption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gedikoglu,   Haluk.
For policies that promote use of new technologies by farmers to be successful, it is important that farmers continue to use these technologies. Technology disadoption has not been analyzed in the literature widely and there is no theoretical model that analyzes technology disadoption. The objective of the current study is to provide a theoretical framework that explains the impact of farm size and uncertainty with respect to production technology on farmers’ decision to disadopt a new technology. Current study found that a negative relationship between farm size and disadoption technologies that were complement to other technologies that are used by larger farms. Also, the current study predicted that larger farmers are more likely to disadopt a new...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technology Disadoption; Farm Size; Uncertainty; Environmental Quality; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56431

Impact of GE Crop Adoption on Quality-Adjusted Herbicide Use in U.S. Corn Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nehring,   Richard F.; Martin,   Andrew; Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge; Hallahan,   Charles B.; Vialou,   Alexandre; Wechsler,   Seth James; Grube,   Arthur.
This paper presents findings on the use of HT corn and quality-adjusted herbicide use for 12 key corn producing states using a panel data set for 1986-2008. Our preliminary findings indicate an insignificant impact of HT corn on herbicide use, conditioning or accounting for HT corn with other important drivers of corn herbicide use: HT soy, corn output price, glyphoste price, nonherbicide glyponsate price, and percentage of continuous corn and low-till corn. However, we find a positive and significant impact of HT corn on herbicide use in selected states, using regional interaction terms.  We use econometric techniques to avoid spurious regression results. Other preliminary runs indicated that the results hold when running the US and regional interactions...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: HT-corn; Herbicides; Weed resistance; Glyphosate; Corn; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103369

Impact of global warming on Chinese wheat productivity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: You,   Liangzhi; Rosegrant,   Mark W.; Fang,   Cheng; Wood,   Stanley.
Climate change continues to have major impact on crop productivity all over the world. While many researchers have evaluated the possible impact of global warming on crop yields using mainly indirect crop simulation models, there are relatively few direct assessments on the impact of observed climate change on past crop yield and growth. We use a 1979-2000 Chinese crop-specific panel dataset to investigate the climate impact on Chinese wheat yield growth. We find that a 1 percent increase in wheat growing season temperature reduces wheat yields by about 0.3 percent. This negative impact is less severe than those reported in other regions. Rising temperature over the past two decades accounts for a 2.4 percent decline in wheat yields in China while the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global warming; Wheat yield; Production function; Marginal impact; Panel data; Climate; Wheat production; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58588

Impact of Government-Sponsored Pollution Prevention Practices on Environmental Compliance and Enforcement: Evidence from a Sample of US Manufacturing Facilities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sam,   Abdoul G.
A two-way fixed effects Poisson model is used to investigate the impact of 43 EPA-sponsored pollution prevention (P2) practices on compliance and enforcement for a sample of facilities in the US manufacturing sector. I find that P2 adoption reduces environmental violations in three industries while increasing violations in two others. P2 adoption also spurs fewer enforcement actions in three industries. I further partition the P2 practices into three categories based on their approach to improve environmental performance. In doing so, I find that practices that involve changes in operating procedures--about a third of adopted P2 practices--such as instituting a self-inspection and monitoring program to discover spills or leak sources, improving maintenance...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pollution Prevention Act; P2 practices; Compliance; Enforcement; Poisson models; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q53; L51; C23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49306

Impact Of Greenhouse Gas Abatement Targets On Agricultural Activity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Donnellan,   Trevor; Gillespie,   Patrick; Hanrahan,   Kevin F.
As part of its continuing commitment to address the causes of climate change, the EU has agreed reduction targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to be achieved by 2020. In the case of Ireland the target is a reduction of 20 percent relative to the 2005 level. Agriculture is a major source of GHG emissions in Ireland, comprising 26.8 percent of total GHG emissions in 2007. Understanding the scale and cost of the decrease in agricultural production required to achieve this reduction in GHG emissions is particularly important, as is the comparison of the cost of this approach with a range of possible other means of achieving emissions reductions in the sector. This study finds that, even with reduced fertiliser usage and more extensive production...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Policy analysis; Partial equilibrium modelling; Baseline; Scenario analysis; GHG; Kyoto; Climate; Ireland; FAPRI; EU Gold Model; Abatements; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q11; Q17; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51050

Impact of High Crop Prices on Environmental Quality: A Case of Iowa and the Conservation Reserve Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Secchi,   Silvia; Babcock,   Bruce A.
Growing demand for corn due to the expansion of ethanol has increased concerns that environmentally sensitive lands retired from agricultural production into the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) will be cropped again. Iowa produces more ethanol than any other state in the United States, and it also produces the most corn. Thus, an examination of the impacts of higher crop prices on CRP land in Iowa can give insight into what we might expect nationally in the years ahead if crop prices remain high. We construct CRP land supply curves for various corn prices and then estimate the environmental impacts of cropping CRP land through the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model. EPIC provides edge-of-field estimates of soil erosion, nutrient loss,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural markets; Conservation Reserve Program; Environmental quality; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9373

Impact of Innovativeness and Environmental Stewardship on Adoption of Energy Crops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gedikoglu,   Haluk.
The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 set a renewable fuel standard of 36 billion gallons of biofuel production by 2022, of which 21 billion gallons are to come from cellulosic sources, such as Switchgrass and Miscanthus.The objective of this study is to measure the impact of innovativeness and environmental stewardship on farmers’ willingness to grow Switchgrass and Miscanthus.The results of the current study show that innovative farmers are not more willing to grow Switchgrass or Miscanthus than late adopters and laggards. Farmers’ environmental stewardship is found to have a negative impact on willingness to grow Switchgrass and Miscanthus
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Energgy Crops; Innovativeness; Environmental Stewardship; Ordered Probit; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124323

Impact of irrigation on poverty and environment in Ethiopia. Draft Proceeding of the Symposium and Exhibition held at Ghion Hotel, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 27th -29th November, 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Loulseged,   Makonnen; Yilma,   Aster Denekew.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Crop management; Irrigated farming; Rainfed farming; Irrigation systems; Food security; Water harvesting; Institutions; Environmental effects; Public health; Malaria; GIS; Remote sensing; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118410

Impact of land use on river basin water balance: a case study of the Modder River Basin, South Africa.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woyessa,   Y.E.; Pretorius,   E.; van Heerden,   Pieter S.; Hensley,   M.; van Rensburg,   L.D.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; River basins; Climate; Land cover; Land use; Runoff; Water harvesting; Farmers’ attitudes; Crop production; South Africa; Modder River Basin; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91819

Impact of Off-Farm Employment on Farmers’ Willingness to Grow Switchgrass and Miscanthus
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gedikoglu,   Haluk.
Current study analyzed the socio-economic factors that impact farmers’ willingness to grow switchgrass and Miscanthus in Missouri and Iowa. The results of study show that current level of farmers’ willingness to grow either crop is low. Hence, there are barriers to accomplishing to goal of producing 21 billion gallons of cellulosic ethanol by 2022, as set by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. The results of the ordered probit regressions show that farmers with higher education levels and smaller farm sales are more willing to grow energy crops. The results of this study show that currently growing energy crops is more attractive to small farms as a source of crop diversification, rather than an alternative crop production in the big scale by...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioenergy; Cellulosic Ethanol; Switchgrass; Miscanthus; Ordered Probit; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119663

IMPACT OF PESTICIDE REGULATORY POLICIES ON U.S. RICE PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guru,   Manjula V.; Wailes,   Eric J.; Cramer,   Gail L.
This paper examines the costs and benefits of pesticide regulations on US rice production. Benefit - cost analysis of FIFRA (The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act) has been done taking into consideration the externality costs associated with the Endangered Species Act and the Worker Protection Standard, for which compliance under FIFRA has become mandatory since 1990.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pesticide regulation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21544

IMPACT OF PRODUCTION CHANGES ON INCOME AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK IN THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mapp,   Harry P., Jr.
Regional and farm-level analyses are conducted to evaluate the economic and environmental impacts of water quality protection policies.  The regional analysis evaluates reducing nitrate losses by reducing per-acre nitrogen use, taxing nitrogen use, taxing irrigation water use, and reducing furrow irrigation.  Incentives to convert furrow systems to sprinkler and LEPA systems outperform the other policies.  The firm-level analysis derives farm plans that limit the expected values of environmental indices for nitrates and pesticides, and reduce the probability that specified targets will be exceeded.  The analysis demonstrates the importance of evaluating environmental risk as stochastic process.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Converting irrigation systems; Environmental risk; Environmental risk models; Regional environmental analysis; Taxing irrigation water; Taxing nitrogen use; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15369

Impact of RFS Rules on Rural America: Will demand for CO2 offsets grow? (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51578

IMPACT OF THE 1998 ICE STORM ON THE EASTERN ONTARIO MAPLE SYRUP INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF NATURAL DISASTER POLICY IN CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kidon,   Jennifer; Fox,   Glenn.
Under Canada's Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements (DFAA), the federal government can provide provinces with funds for emergency response and recovery in the event of a natural disaster. This assistance has historically been provided on an ad hoc basis. In recent years, the amount of DFAA assistance has significantly increased without any auditing to determine how effective and efficient these expenditures are in offsetting economic losses due to natural disasters. The goal of this paper is to examine the implications of natural disaster compensation and assistance programs for economic efficiency.  A framework is developed to determine if government assistance expenditures have offset economic losses to a specific industry using a case study of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11830

Impact of United States Corn-based Ethanol Production on Land Use
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sobowale,   Folakemi; Dicks,   Michael R.; Campiche,   Jody L.
The purpose of this research was to determine whether indirect land use occurs and if so to what extent.  Indirect land use is a change from non-cropland to cropland (e.g. deforestation) that may occur in response to increasing scarcity of cropland.  As farmers worldwide respond to higher crop prices in order to maintain the global food supply and demand balance, pristine lands are cleared and converted to new cropland to replace the crops for feed and food that were diverted elsewhere to biofuels production. We examine the impact of corn-based ethanol production in the United States on land use in other countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Energy; Biofuel; Pristine lands.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98854

IMPACT OF US AND EUROPEAN BIOFUEL POLICIES ON FOREST CARBON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Yoon Hyung; Sohngen,   Brent; Golub,   Alla A.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Rose,   Steven K.
This paper develops a dynamic, regional analysis of the effects of US and European biofuel mandates on land use, forestry stocks, and carbon emissions.  The results suggest that these mandates may cause an additional 23-26 million hectares of forestland losses globally, but additional carbon emissions of 1.2 – 1.6 billion t CO2.  The estimates are found to be sensitive to the elasticity parameter on the land supply function in the model, with the higher elasticity estimates associated with larger carbon losses.  The regional analysis turns out to be quite important, because some regions end up gaining forestland and increasing carbon stocks. The regional and dynamic effects have been missed by most other noteworthy analyses of the induced land use effects...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuel policy; Indirect land use effects; Forest carbon sequestration; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61456

Impact on the Poor of Changing Rural Environments and Technologies: Evidence from India and Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural economics; Green Revolution technologies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53636

Impacto de choques macroeconômicos sobre os níveis de poluição industrial no Brasil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mata,   Henrique Tome Da Costa; Cavalcanti,   Jose Euclides Alhadas.
Neste artigo, o problema da poluição industrial é tratado como uma variável endógena ao Modelo de Insumo-Produto Ampliado. No estudo foram estimadas quantidades de diferentes poluentes da água e do ar, com base em dados IPPS do Banco Mundial, elaborados especificamente para este tipo de pesquisa. O modelo analítico proposto por Wassily Leontief foi operacionalizado e consistiu-se de uma versão ampliada da matriz de insumo-produto clássica aplicada à análise ambiental. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os sólidos totais em suspensão, com 942.872 ton., SO2, com 803.280 ton., NO2, com 477.572 ton., CO, com 414.323 ton. e partículas totais, com 368.791 ton. constituíram as cinco categorias de poluentes dominantes na estrutura industrial brasileira, todas...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Poluição; Crescimento econômico; Modelo de insumo-produto; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56830

Impacto de un incremento de la capacidad de generación de energía a partir de biomasa en plantas de co-generación en Andalucía
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardenete,   Manuel Alejandro; Gonzalez,   Jose Manuel; Romero,   Pablo; Populo,   Madel; Roman,   Rocio.
The paper estimates the regional economic impact of renewable energy development (inv) based on the use of biomass. The regional level is Andalusia. The analysis is carried out under the assumption that achieves the goal of renewable energy development set in Andalusian Sustainable Energy Plan (PASENER) 2007-2013. To estimate the economic impact, a General Equilibrium Model (CGE) is used based on the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) updated for Andalusia in 2008. The results show that if the goal of PASENER is met, there might be an increase production of 4.02%.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C68; Q43.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99102

IMPACTOS DA RECOMPOSIÇÃO DA RESERVA LEGAL NAS  RECEITAS TRIBUTÁRIAS ESTADUAIS E MUNICIPAIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goncalves,   Jose Sidnei; Castanho,   Eduardo Pires Filho; Souza,   Sueli Alves Moreira.
O trabalho analisa a determinação de recomposição da reserva legal nas propriedades rurais paulistas no cumprimento da atual legislação ambiental. Mostra que se aplicada tal como está desenhada haverá importantes impactos negativos na área agropecuária destinada a atividades econômicas e, por conseguinte, nas receitas estaduais e municipais, penalizando principalmente os municípios mais pobres. Dessa maneira tal medida se mostra inaplicável sem a adoção de medidas compensatórias.----------------------This article analyzes the legal act for individual farms’ environmental  reserve restoration in São Paulo State in duty to the environmental  statutes. It shows thai if it is applied as it is designed, there will  be important negative impacts in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Reserva legal; Agropecuária paulista; Finanças públicas; Área agropecuária; Environmental reserve; Sao Paulo State agriculture; Public  finance; Agricultural area; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108086

Impacts and adaptive capacity as drivers for prioritizing agricultural adaptation to climate change in Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schlickenrieder,   Jeremy; Quiroga,   Sonia; Diz,   Agustin; Iglesias,   Ana.
In the face of likely climate change impacts policy makers at different spatial scales need access to assessment tools that enable informed policy instruments to be designed. Recent scientific advances have facilitated the development of improved climate projections, but it remains to be seen whether these are translated into effective adaptation strategies. This paper uses existing databases on climate impacts on European agriculture and combines them with an assessment of adaptive capacity to develop an interdisciplinary approach for prioritising policies. It proposes a method for identifying relevant policies for different EU countries that are representative of various agroclimatic zones. Our analysis presents a framework for integrating current...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Adaptive capacity; Agriculture; Climate change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117617

Impacts of Agricultural Nutrient Regulation in a Heterogeneous Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parker,   Douglas D.; Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Nonpoint sources of water pollutants, in particular, nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, are increasingly a focus of US water pollution policy.  In most cases, agriculture is the largest contributor of these pollutants, in part because, until recently, it has largely remained unregulated.  Recently, however, a number of initiatives have targeted nutrient runoff and leaching from animal agriculture.  Many states have promulgated new nutrient management regulations stipulating that manure be disposed of in ways that limit runoff and leaching to acceptably low levels.  Stricter state regulations have been especially common in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast, where excess nutrients have proven particularly problematic (Gollehon et al.).  In 2003, the US...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20249

Impacts of Agricultural Practices and Policies on Potential Nitrate Water Pollution in the Midwest and Northern Plains of the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   JunJie; Lakshminarayan,   P.G.; Babcock,   Bruce A.
An empirical model is developed to estimate the effects of alternative farming practices on potential nitrogen runoff and leaching in 128,591 National Resources Inventory sites across the Midwest and the Northern Plains of the United States. This model integrates the effects of soils, climate, crops, and management practices on nitrogen loss. The model is applied to evaluation of two policy scenarios. The first scenario reduces N fertilizer application rates by 25 percent through the soil N test. The second replaces continuous cropping practices with crop rotations. The results show that policy effects vary widely across the study region. This analysis emphasizes the importance of conducting policy analysis on a disaggregated scale.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farming practices; Nitrogen runoff and leaching; Spatial heterogeneity; Disaggregated policy analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18386

Impacts of Agri-Environmental Policies on Land Allocation and Land Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guyomard,   Herve; Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Ollikainen,   Markku.
We develop a Ricardian framework with heterogeneous land quality to analyse the effects of agricultural and agri-environmental support policies on land allocation decisions and land prices. Four agri-environmental policy instruments are considered: a uniform area payment, a quality-dependent area payment, a mandatory buffer strip policy and a voluntary buffer strip payment. We also analyse how general tax and monetary policies may affect agricultural land prices. The theoretical framework is illustrated by an empirical model applied to Finnish agriculture. The empirical model shows that macroeconomic factors, such as general tax and monetary policies, may exert a greater impact on land prices than some minor fine-tuning in agrienvironmental policies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Acreage subsidy; Land price; Q11; Q18; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25310

Impacts of Agri-Environmental Policies on Land Allocation and Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guyomard,   Herve; Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Ollikainen,   Markku.
We used Ricardian framework with heterogeneous land quality to analyse how policies used to support farm incomes, reduce negative agri-environmental externalities and enhance the provision of positive externalities influence land allocation decisions and land prices.  Four agri-environmental policy instruments are considered: a uniform area payment, a quality-dependent area payment, a mandatory buffer strip policy and a voluntary buffer strip payment.  We also analyse how general tax and monetary policies may affect agricultural land prices.  The theoretical framework is illustrated by an application to Finnish agriculture.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land allocation; Land rents; Agri-environmental policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24466

Impacts of Border Carbon Adjustments on China’s Sectoral Emissions: Simulations with a Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bao,   Qin; Tang,   Ling; Zhang,   ZhongXiang; Qiao,   Han; Wang,   Shouyang.
Carbon-based border tax adjustments (BTAs) have recently been proposed by some OECD countries to level the carbon playing field and target major emerging economies. This paper applies a multi-sector dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to estimate the impacts of the BTAs implemented by US and EU on China’s sectoral carbon emissions. The results indicate that BTAs will cut down export prices and transmit the effects to the whole economy, reducing sectoral output-demands from both supply side and demand side. On the supply side, sectors might substitute away from exporting toward domestic market, increasing sectoral supply; while on the demand side, the domestic income may be strikingly cut down due to the decrease in export price, decreasing...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Border Carbon Tax Adjustments; Computable General Equilibrium Model; Carbon Emissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; F18; Q43; Q48; Q52; Q54; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120044

Impacts of CIMMYT's International Training Linked to Long-Term Trials in Conservation Agriculture: 1996-2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Svitakova,   Jirina; Kosina,   Petr; La Rovere,   Roberto.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Education; Training courses; International cooperation; Research institutions; Natural resources; Resource conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56089

Impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in Sri Lanka: a review and preliminary vulnerability mapping
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eriyagama,   Nishadi; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.; Chandrapala,   Lalith; Fernando,   Karin.
There is ample evidence to suggest that Sri Lanka’s climate has already changed. However, the bigger question of national importance is what Sri Lanka’s climate will look like in 50 or 100 years and how prepared the country is to face such changes. This report reviews the status of climate change (CC) research/activities in Sri Lanka in terms of observed and projected climatic changes, their impacts on water resources and agriculture, CC mitigation and adaptation, and research needs. The study also developed a pilot level CC Vulnerability Index, which was subsequently mapped at district level. The maps indicate that typical farming districts such as Nuwara Eliya, Badulla, Moneragala, Ratnapura and Anuradhapura are the most vulnerable to CC due to their...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Rain; Water resource management; Crops; Mapping; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94787

Impacts of Colombia's current irrigation management transfer program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vermillion,   Douglas Lynn; Garces-Restrepo,   Carlos.
Assess the impacts of the current national irrigation management transfer program in Colombia. Examines the context of transfer, the basic transfer strategy, the impacts of transfer, and the powers and functions devolved in the transferred districts. The need to use the transfer process to create local management self-reliance is also stressed.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Privatization; Irrigation management; Irrigated farming; Policy; Costs; Economic aspects; Operations; Maintenance; Agricultural production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44584

Impacts of considering climate variability on investment decisions in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Block,   Paul J.; Strzepek,   Kenneth M.; Rosegrant,   Mark W.; Diao,   Xinshen.
Extreme interannual variability of precipitation within Ethiopia is not uncommon, inducing droughts or floods and often creating serious repercussions on agricultural and non-agricultural commodities. An agro-economic model, including mean climate variables, was developed to assess irrigation and road construction investment strategies in comparison to a baseline scenario over a 12-year time horizon. The motivation for this work is to evaluate whether the inclusion of climate variability in the model has a significant effect on prospective investment strategies and the resulting country-wide economy. The mean climate model is transformed into a variable climate model by dynamically adding yearly climate-yield factors, which influence agricultural...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate variability; Climate change; Water; Droughts; Flooding; Irrigation; Economic aspects; Road construction; Investments; Economic situation; Agro-economic model; Food and water security; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55419

Impacts of environmental regulations on the efficiency of arable farms in France and Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Piot-Lepetit,   Isabelle; Brümmer,   Bernhard; Kleinhanss,   Werner.
This paper develops a methodology for asymmetric treatment of desirable and undesirable outputs. First, a hyperbolic output efficiency measurement is used to describe a middle term transformation of production processes where producers try to improve their competitiveness together with a reduction of the negative impact on the environment. Second, a radial efficiency measurement, called directional output distance function, is used to depict a long-term transformation of the production process. A non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and a Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) are used to evaluate the impact of agricultural policy changes, both in France and Germany, on the technical and environmental efficiency of arable farms, taking into account...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Frontier analysis; Technical and environmental efficiency; Environmental regulations; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98867

IMPACTS OF EUROPEAN BIOFUEL POLICIES ON AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AND ENVIRONMENT UNDER CONSIDERATION OF 2ND GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Becker,   Arno; Adenauer,   Marcel; Blanco Fonseca,   Maria.
Even though recent discussions on food prices and indirect land use change point at potential conflicts associated with the production of biofuels the appraisal of biofuels as an effective instrument to slow down climate change and reduce energy dependency still prevails. The EU Renewable Energy Directive (EUROPEAN COMMISSION, 2009) underlines this trend by setting a target of 10% share of energy from renewable sources in the transport sector by 2020. As economic competitiveness of biofuel production is still not given in most European countries, support policies are essential to achieve this target. Second generation technologies have still not attained marketability, wherefore biofuel consumption will continue to significantly affect agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91395

Impacts of Expanded Ethanol Production on Southern Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Susanto,   Dwi; Rosson,   C. Parr, III; Hudson,   Darren.
This study analyzes the potential impacts of expanded ethanol production on southern agriculture. Results of regression analysis suggest that acreage planted for field crops (corn, cotton, soybeans, and wheat) is inelastic with respect to relative prices. The results provide statistical evidence of potential significant acreage shifts favoring corn over cotton, soybeans, and wheat. Simulations indicate that higher corn prices will increase corn acreage, but the South continues to be a deficit corn region. U.S. corn production is capable of supplying domestic demand for ethanol, feed for livestock and poultry, and other uses, while maintaining exports at more than 2 billion bushels annually.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Acreage shifts; Corn exports; Ethanol production; Southern agriculture; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q11; Q42.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47200

Impacts of Federal Policies and Programs on Wetlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crosson,   Pierre; Frederick,   Kenneth D.
Human activities have resulted in the loss of about half of the original 221 million acres of wetlands in the conterminous 48 states. Federal laws, policies, and programs have had major impacts on the nation's wetland resources. Initially, they encouraged and subsidized the draining and filling of wetlands, the flooding of wetlands behind dams, and the diversion and alteration of streamflows to riparian wetlands. More recently, federal policies have been directed to conserving and preventing further net losses. The focus of this study is on the impacts of federal policies on riparian wetlands, i.e., those formed at the interface of rivers and streams and uplands and that require occasional flooding to maintain the health of their ecosystems. The study...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wetlands; Land use; Agricultural policy; Water policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; R14.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10579

IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON CROPPING PRACTICES IN ALBERTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walburger,   Allan M.; Klein,   Kurt K.
A Target MOTAD farm-level model was developed to assess the expected impacts from global warming on representative grain and oilseed farms in Alberta.  It was found that a warmer climate would increase crop yields and length of the cropping season.  Net returns and shadow values of land would increase substantially.  Price risk generally was more important than yield risk under simulated warmer climates.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20943

Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations on the U.S. Sugar Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Richard D.; Koo,   Won W.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the changes in U.S. sugar production and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from the sugar industry if the United States regulates GHG emissions from domestic sugar processing facilities.  A spatial equilibrium model is developed to optimize sugar production in the United States under a base scenario and three different levels of CO2e taxes or prices of carbon offsets.  This research focuses on U.S. sugar production, both beet and cane sugar. In the model the United States is divided into 6 beet growing regions and 4 cane growing regions. The model also includes Mexico as a domestic sugar growing region as Mexico has the ability to export unlimited amount of sugar into the United States under NAFTA. A rest of the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: GHG emissions; CO2e; Sugar; Spatial equilibrium model; Carbon tax; Cap and trade; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93027

Impacts of Land Conversion for Biofuel Cropping on Soil Organic Matter and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Del Grosso,   Stephen J.; Ogle,   Stephen M.; Parton,   William J.; Adler,   Paul R.
To assess the value of biofuels, the environmental costs of their production must be compared with the benefits of displacing fossil fuel. This article focuses on the environmental impacts of biofuel cropping systems and calculates net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using life cycle analysis. The impacts of corn and switchgrass cropping for ethanol production were calculated for three states in the US (Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana) assuming three previous land use scenarios: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land, pasture land, and land already used for cropping. Although the results were different for the 3 states considered, the impacts of previous land use and cropping system were more important than location. Conversion of CRP lands to corn ethanol...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53495

IMPACTS OF LARGE SCALE EXPANSION OF BIOFUELS ON GLOBAL POVERTY AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cororaton,   Caesar B.; Timilsina,   Govinda R.; Mevel,   Simon.
This paper analyzes the impact of expansion in biofuels on the global economy, income distribution and poverty. It utilizes simulation results of two World Bank models: a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model integrated with biofuels, land-use, and climate change modules, and a global income distribution model that utilizes household survey data of 116 countries. The first model simulates the effects over time of large scale expansion of biofuels on resource allocation, output prices, commodity prices, factor prices, and household income of the different countries and regions in the world. The second model uses these results recursively to calculate the impact on global income distribution and poverty. The results from the CGE model indicate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91279

IMPACTS OF LIVESTOCK FEEDING TECHNOLOGIES ON GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weindl,   Isabelle; Lotze-Campen,   Hermann; Popp,   Alexander; Bodirsky,   Benjamin; Rolinski,   Susanne.
Until 2050, the global population is projected to reach almost 9 billion people resulting in a rising demand and competition for biomass used as food, feed, raw material and bio-energy, while land and water resources are limited. Moreover, agricultural production will be constrained by the need to mitigate dangerous climate change. The agricultural sector is a major emitter of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG). It is responsible for about 47 % and 58 % of total anthropogenic emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) (IPPC, 2007). CH4 emissions are associated with enteric fermentation of ruminants, rice cultivation and manure storage; N2O emissions are related to nitrogen fertilizers and manure application to soils, but also to manure storage....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91277

IMPACTS OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION REGULATIONS ON MISSISSIPPI AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurt,   Verner G.; Reinschmiedt,   Lynn L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30036

IMPACTS OF PESTICIDE REGULATION ON THE CALIFORNIA STRAWBERRY INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Colin A.; Chalfant,   James A.; Goodhue,   Rachael E.; Groves,   Kiara; Simon,   Leo K.
Environmental regulation of agriculture is becoming increasingly important, and growers are increasingly concerned about the effects of regulations on their profitability.  Regulations governing the use of a pesticide affect its economic value.  Further, growers often face a choice among pesticide alternatives, each with its own set of regulatory restrictions.  In this environment, the introduction of a new regulation can have complex effects on growers'’ profit-maximizing pesticide choices.  Buffer zones and regional emissions caps mean that pesticide choices can have important spatial components.  Our paper presents an optimization model that incorporates spatial considerations at the field and regional level.  We apply our model to fumigant choice by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20166

IMPACTS OF POLICY REFORM ON HILL FARM INCOMES IN UK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acs,   Szvetlana; Dallimer,   Martin; Hanley,   Nick; Armsworth,   Paul R.
Hill farming in UK is experiencing very difficult economic circumstances and many farmers rely on subsidies provided by the government for a large fraction of their income. The Peak District National Park is used as a case study to examine how farmers might respond to current policy changes – in particular, the move from area- and headage-based payments to the Single Farm Payment. The objective of this paper is thus to develop production models that predict how farmers will respond to changing policy framework conditions. For this purpose socio-economic surveys were carried out on 44 sample farms. Based on these surveys six representative farm linear programming models was developed, which represent typical farm types in the uplands in the Peak District....
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Changes in subsidies; Risk; Survey; Farmers’ reaction; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43182

Impacts of Population and Income Growth Rates on Threatened Mammals and Birds
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pandit,   Ram; Laband,   David N.
Per capita income and human population levels in a country have direct influences on its environmental outcomes. Countries with same level of income may have different rate of income growth and vice versa, suggesting that the influence of the rate of income growth on environmental outcomes could be different than that of income level. Similarly, the rate of population growth might have different impact in addition to the impacts of sheer number of population. We explore this empirical question using country-level data on threatened species published by IUCN for the year 2007. Controlling for other factors, our model estimates the influences of the rate of population and income growth on threatened mammals and birds across 113 continental countries. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income; Population; Spatial models; Spatial autocorrelation; Endemic species; Biodiversity; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101404

IMPACTS OF REDUCED PESTICIDE USE ON THE PROFITABILITY OF THE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hall,   Charles R.; Knutson,   Ronald D.; Smith,   Edward G.; Cotner,   Sam; Miller,   John W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17143

Impacts of Regulating Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Livestock Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Hyun Seok; Koo,   Won W.
The policies that regulate greenhouse gas emissions would provide a significant burden to emission industries as well as final consumers, which can lead to a strong influence on international trade flows of commodities. This study examines the impact of regulating greenhouse gas emissions on livestock trade flows using a commodity specific gravity model approach. This study finds that regulating greenhouse gas emissions has a negative effect on livestock trade flows from countries restricting greenhouse gas emissions to unrestricting countries, from restricting to restricting countries, and from unrestricting to restricting countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gravity model; Livestock; Regulating greenhouse gas emission; Trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61861

IMPACTS OF WITHIN-FARM SOIL VARIABILITY ON NITROGEN POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vandyke,   Laura S.; Bosch,   Darrell J.; Pease,   James W.
The effects of considering variable within-farm soil runoff and leaching potential on costs of reducing nitrogen losses are analyzed for a Virginia dairy.  Manure applications may cause nitrogen losses through runoff and leaching because of factors such as uncertain nitrogen mineralization.  Farmers can reduce nitrogen control costs by applying manure on soils with less nitrogen loss potential.  Ignoring within-farm soil variability may result in overstating the farm's costs of reducing nitrogen losses.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic costs; Linear programming; Manure; Nitrogen; Nutrient management; Simulation; Soil variability; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15139

Imperfect Enforcement of Emissions Trading and Industry Welfare: A Laboratory Investigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.; Murphy,   James J.; Spraggon,   John M.
This paper uses laboratory experiments to investigate the performance of emission permit markets when compliance is imperfectly enforced. In particular we examine deviations in observed aggregate payoffs and expected penalties from those derived from a model of risk-neutral payoff-maximizing firms. We find that the experimental emissions markets were reasonably efficient at allocating individual emission control choices despite imperfect enforcement and significant noncompliance. However, violations and expected penalties were lower than predicted when these are predicted to be high, but were about the same as predicted values when these values were predicted to be low.  Thus, although a standard model of compliance with emissions trading programs tends to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Enforcement; Compliance; Emissions trading; Permit markets; Pollution; Laboratory experiments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; C91; L51; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42124

Implementation of Ecologically Sustainable Development by Commonwealth Departments and Agencies
Provedor de dados: 31
The Productivity Commission was asked to report on the Implementation of Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) by Commonwealth Departments and Agencies. The inquiry was to cover all Commonwealth departments and agencies with major responsibility for implementing EDS, or whose activities have significant consequence for its achievement. The terms of reference for the inquiry stated that 'the Government is keen to ensure Commonwealth departments and agencies show leadership in the processes by which economic, social and environmental goals are integrated'. The Commission has been requested to make recommendations designed to further implement the objectives and principles of the National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development. The Commission...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31894

IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE POLLUTION CONTROL BY FOOD PROCESSORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crosswhite,   William M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30509

Implementation of EU Agri-Environmental Measures at the Regional Level: Economic and Political Constraints
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bertoni,   Danilo; Peri,   Massimo; Olper,   Alessandro.
In this paper we apply a political objective function approach developed by Salhofer and Glebe (2004) to explain the high variability of agri-environmental program implementation at the EU regional level. The analysis covers 55 EU regions during the period 2001-2002, using basic data extracted from the Common Monitoring Indicators collected by the UE Commission for the programme's evaluation process. The main results indicate that the area covered by agri-environmental programs increases in regions where budget constraints are less severe and where the social demand for environmental amenities is more relevant. Moreover, agri-environmental programs are negatively related to the participation opportunity cost and show a non linear relation with the farmer's...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental measures; CAP; Regional and agricultural policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24777

Implementation of Policy Instruments for Chlorinated Solvents: A Comparison of Design Standards, Bans, and Taxes to Phase Out Trichloroethylene
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Slunge,   Daniel; Sterner,   Thomas.
This paper studies the Swedish prohibition of the hazardous solvent Trichloroethylene (TCE). Sweden is alone in completely prohibiting its use. The ban has been at best a partial success and illustrates the dilemmas of policymaking. Use has declined but not stopped, largely because the decision to ban TCE was challenged in the courts. Recently, the EU Court of Justice decided in favor of Sweden's right to have a ban. This article analyzes abatement cost data to show that the cost of replacing TCE is low for most plants, although there appear to be a few firms for which it may be quite high. A cross-country comparison indicates that the Swedish ban was less effective than the very strict technical requirements in Germany or the tax used in Norway. A tax (or...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hazardous chemicals; Regulation; Environmental tax; Solvents; Environmental Economics and Policy; D62; L50; Q28; K32.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10516

Implementing Sustainable Development: Systems and Signalling Problems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wills,   Ian R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10346

Implementing the Clean Development Mechanism: Lessons from U.S. Private-Sector Participation in Activities Implemented Jointly
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lile,   Ronald D.; Powell,   Mark R.; Toman,   Michael.
The "Clean Development Mechanism" (CDM) contained in the December 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change provides, for the first time, the capacity for industrialized countries to claim credits for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions or offsets undertaken in cooperation with host developing countries. However, the Protocol provides no guidance on how these cooperative activities for GHG reduction and sustainable development would be undertaken in practice, including the particularly important issue of the relationship of the private sector vis-à-vis government institutions in designing, financing, and securing approval for jointly implemented GHG abatement projects. The pilot program for "Activities...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Joint implementation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; F21.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10868

Implications of a Carbon-Based Energy Tax for U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schneider,   Uwe A.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Policies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions are likely to increase energy prices. Higher energy prices raise farmer costs for diesel and other fuels, irrigation water, farm chemicals, and grain drying. Simultaneously, renewable energy options become more attractive to agricultural producers. We consider both of these impacts, estimating the economic and environmental consequences of higher energy prices on U.S. agriculture. To do this we employ a price-endogenous agricultural sector model and solve that model for a range of carbon-tax-based energy price changes. Our results show mostly positive impacts on net farm income in the intermediate run. Through market price adjustments, fossil fuel costs are largely passed on to consumers. Additional farm...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Energy tax; Greenhouse gas policy; U.S. agricultural sector; Bioenergy; Mathematical programming; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10242

Implications of a Collaborative Approach to Freshwater Policy: CWM and Other Cases (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salmon,   Guy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115415

IMPLICATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE POLICIES ON NITRATE CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chowdhury,   Manzoor E.; Lacewell,   Ronald D.
This study estimates the cost effectiveness of alternative environmental policies for controlling nitrate contamination of groundwater in the Seymour aquifer region of Texas. Results from biophysical simulation model are integrated with a farm-level optimization model. The study also compares the cost of bottled water, used as the lower-bound estimate of benefits of groundwater protection, with the least costly environmental policy. Results indicate that the least-cost policy alternative for the region is about $1 million either to farmers or to the local government and it is approximately three times the cost of bottled water.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30995

Implications of EU Enlargement on the EU Greenhouse Gas "Bubble" and Internal Burden Sharing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Betz,   Regina.
Currently, the EU-15 forms the only bubble under the Kyoto Protocol and has negotiated an internal burden sharing. A strategic EU climate policy should include accession countries. Thus, even in the case of early ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by 2002, it would be sensible to form a bubble with all countries that are certain to be EU members during the commitment period 2008-2012. Of course due to Art. 4,4 of the Protocol the EU-15 has to stick to its own bubble. However, nothing prevents it from forming an implicit bubble including all first wave countries by inducing them to form a bubble on their own and transfer the surplus to the EU-15. Similarly, second wave countries should form a bubble of their own to co-ordinate JI and permit transfers to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26397

Implications of Expanding Bioenergy Production from Wood in British Columbia: An Application of a Regional Wood Fibre Allocation Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stennes,   Brad; Niquidet,   Kurt; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Energy has been produced from woody biomass in British Columbia for many decades, but it was used primarily within the pulp and paper sector, using residual streams from timber processing, to create heat and electricity for on-site use. More recently, there has been limited stand-alone electricity production and increasing capacity to produce wood pellets, with both using ‘waste’ from the sawmill sector. Hence, most of the low-cost feedstock sources associated with traditional timber processing is now fully employed. While previous studies model bioenergy production in isolation, we employ a transportation model of the BC forest sector with 24 regions to demonstrate that it is necessary to consider the interaction between utilization of woody feedstock for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioenergy production from wood fibre; Mountain pine beetle; Competition for fibre; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q42; C61; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50782

IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE FOR WESTERN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adams,   Richard M.; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Dudek,   Daniel J.; Glyer,   J. David.
Global climate change from increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide and other trace gases is an issue of international concern. Adverse climate conditions are expected to reduce crop yields and alter the demand for and supply of water. These potential adjustments imply economic costs to agriculture and its constituents. This paper explores possible economic implications for U.S. agriculture, with particular reference to the West. Results from a series of spatial equilibrium model analyses suggest that climate change is not a food security issue for the United States. However, regional adjustments in agricultural production and associated resource use are expected. This implies additional pressure in rural communities. Environmental quality reductions are...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32124

Implications of the Air Compliance Agreement for Livestock Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hadrich,   Joleen C.; Wolf,   Christopher A.
Nutrient management and air emissions continue to be an area of increased management control on all livestock operations as environmental regulations become more stringent. Agricultural producers must consider uncertainty surrounding the timing of and potential increases of environmental policy controls, such as emission taxes, when making future investment decisions. An optimal control theory framework was applied to a dairy farm facing an uncertain increase in emission taxes and an unknown date at which emission taxes will take effect. The optimal investment path considering these uncertainties was solved implicitly and compared to a full certainty case.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Air emissions; Environmental regulations; Irreversible investment; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49316

Implications of Trade Liberalization and Domestic Reforms on EU Agricultural Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huan-Niemi,   Ellen; Kerkela,   Leena; Lehtonen,   Heikki; Niemi,   Jyrki S.
The objective of this paper is to explore the overall effects of further trade liberalization and the implemented CAP reforms on EU agricultural production, imports and exports within different EU regions by using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model. The GTAP model is used to compare a lower tariff reduction formula (EU Proposal) with a higher reduction formula (US Proposal) in order to show how sensitive the examined agricultural commodity/sector is to the different tariff reduction formulae. This analysis reveals that EU imports would escalate and EU exports would plummet with declining EU production because of trade liberalization and domestic policy reforms in the EU agricultural markets and sectors.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: EU; WTO; CAP reforms; Tariff reductions; Export subsidies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; Q1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92554

IMPORTANCE OF COST OFFSETS FOR DAIRY FARMS MEETING A NUTRIENT APPLICATION STANDARD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; Agapoff,   Jean.
The Environmental Protection Agency requires concentrated animal feeding operations to develop and implement a comprehensive nutrient management plan.  Changes in manure management to meet nutrient application standards will generally increase production costs.  Some of these costs can be offset by savings from replacing commercial fertilizer with manure nutrients, and through financial assistance programs such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture’'s Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP).  A manure application cost model was used to examine the costs to confined dairy farms of meeting nutrient application standards, and the ability of fertilizer offsets and EQIP to reduce these costs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20213

Importance of irrigated agriculture to the Ethiopian economy: Capturing the direct net benefits of irrigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hagos,   Fitsum; Makombe,   Godswill; Namara,   Regassa E.; Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele.
Irrigation development has been identified as a means to stimulate economic growth and rural development in Ethiopia. However, little attempt has been made to quantify the contribution of irrigation to national income. Using data from selected irrigation schemes, representing small, medium and large-scale schemes of modern or traditional typologies; the present coverage and planned growth of irrigation, actual and expected contributions of irrigation to the national economy were quantified following the approach of adjusted gross margin analysis. Our results show that irrigation yields 219.7% higher income compared to the rainfed system while its current and future contribution to agricultural GDP is estimated to be about 5.7 and 12% although irrigation...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; National income; Economic growth; Crops; Prices; Sensitivity analysis; Crop management; Irrigation schemes; Ethiopia; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61100

Importance of Sustainability on Agriculture in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Louw,   Andre; Ndanga,   Leah Z.B.
This paper seeks to describe and discuss the impact that climate changes, and other challenges in terms of sustainability, have had on Africa and particularly on South Africa. It seeks to discuss the extent to which these changes directly and indirectly impact agriculture and the measures that are currently underway, with particular reference to South Africa, as well as suggest other strategies that could be implemented to attenuate the effects of climate change, thereby advancing the global shift towards sustainability. The paper discusses environmental and other changes that have taken place in Africa and asserts that the continent is in a particularly difficult situation in light of the debate on sustainability versus productivity. The fact that most of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Agriculture; South Africa; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96810

Improved livelihoods in lower Limpopo: Process documentation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Koppen,   Barbara; Mirira,   R.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Project planning; Project management; Participatory management; Community involvement; Irrigation schemes; Pumps; Dams; Canals; Mozambique; Lower Limpopo River Basin; Ndonga; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91808

Improved water and land management in the Ethiopian highlands: its impact on downstream stakeholders dependent on the Blue Nile; Intermediate Results Dissemination Workshop February 5-6, 2009, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa,   Teklu; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.; Fernando,   Ashra.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: River basin management; Water governance; Environmental flows; Simulation models; Reservoirs; Sedimentation; Rainfall-Runoff relationships; Hydrology; Water balance; Erosion; Soil conservation; Watersheds; Irrigation schemes; Water use; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118388

Improvement of the AROPAj model covering a large range of agricultural activities at wide (UE) and high resolution (mapping of farm types) scales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baranger,   Edouard; Clodic,   Melissa; Galko,   Elodie; Jayet,   Pierre-Alain; Zakharov,   Paul.
Mathematical programming models suit policy makers' needs for assessing impacts of new policies and modellers' needs for new parameters, constraints and activities to represent the phenomenon under study. The AROPAj model aims at taking into account any geographical extension of the European Union as well as the continuously changing Common Agricultural Policy. As well as the European policies will include more and more environmental problems, AROPAj will be more and more designed toward environmental assessments. Two improvement axes are set up. Biophysical models are used to refine the design of farming systems represented in the economic model and to estimate nitrogen pollutant emissions. Down-scaling methods are coupled with the regional farm group...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Supply model; EU; Linear programming; Agriculture; Environment; Coupling; Down-scaling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6664

Improving Land-use modelling within CGE to assess Forest-based Mitigation Potential and Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michetti,   Melania; Parrado,   Ramiro.
We present a computable general equilibrium model properly modified to analyse the potential role of the European forestry sector within climate mitigation. Improvements on database and modelling frameworks allow accounting for land heterogeneity across and within regions and for land transfers between agriculture, grazing, and forestry. The forestry sector has been modified to track carbon mitigation potential from both intensive and extensive forest margins, which have been calibrated according to a forest sectoral model. Two sets of climate policies are simulated. In a first scenario, Europe is assumed to commit unilaterally to reduce CO2 emissions by 20% and 30%, by 2020. In a second scenario, in addition to the emissions quotas, progressively higher...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Climate Mitigation; General Equilibrium Modelling; Forestry; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; Q23; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122862

IMPROVING NITROGEN MANAGEMENT USING SITE-SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGY IN THE VIRGINIA COASTAL PLAIN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peng,   Wei; Bosch,   Darrell J.
On a Virginia crop farm, alternative levels of information are evaluated for managing nitrogen applications based on soil properties and yield potential. Application of variable rates of nitrogen based on crop yield potential can increase profitability and reduce nitrogen pollution potential.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Precision farming; Pollution; Cost; Information; Soil maps; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21746

Improving the design of agri-environmental policies: a case study in Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bazzani,   Guido Maria; Viaggi,   Davide.
The application of agri-environmental policies (reg. EEC 2078/92 and reg. EU 1257/99) has produced a wide literature about the best policy design options. The data arising from the first ex post evaluation exercises have contributed only partially to the discussion about how such measures should be implemented. This paper simulates the results of different policy design options under adverse selection and moral hazard using data obtained from the monitoring of regulation 2078/92 in Emilia-Romagna (Italy). The results show the interplay between policy instruments, monitoring costs and payments. As a consequence a more consistent design of such policy parameters is required.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26409

Improving the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Agri-environmental Policies for the Chesapeake Bay
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; Shortle,   James S.; Blandford,   David; Horan,   Richard D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Water Quality; Nonpoint Source Pollution; Policy Instrument; Chesapeake Bay; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117403

Impure Public Technologies and Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Markandya,   Anil; Rubbelke,   Dirk T.G.
Analyses of public goods regularly address the case of pure public goods. However, a large number of (international) public goods exhibit characteristics of different degrees of publicness, i.e. they are impure public goods. In our analysis of transfers helping to overcome the inefficient provision of such goods, we therefore apply the Lancastrian characteristics approach. In contrast to the existing literature, we consider the case of a continuum of impure public goods. We employ the example of international conditional transfers targeting to overcome suboptimal low climate protection efforts by influencing the abatement technology choice of countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Impure Public Goods; Lancastrian Characteristics Approach; Conditional Transfers; Ancillary Benefits of Climate Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; H87; Q54.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44226

In or Out: Efficient inclusion of installations in an Emissions Trading Scheme?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Betz,   Regina; Sanderson,   Todd; Ancev,   Tihomir.
Regulators around the world are currently considering national emissions trading systems (ETS) as a cost-effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. ETS installations coverage is one of the numerous design issues confronting them. ‘Blanket coverage’ that includes all an economy’s industrial emitters of greenhouse gases has some intuitive appeal. Although it seems equitable it does not, however, take into full account all the costs related to the extent of coverage.   This report shows how an alternative approach of ‘efficient coverage’ can achieve the same emission reduction outcome at lower social cost. The approach is based on maximising the benefits of including installations in an ETS, while at the same time taking into account all relevant...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Emissions Trading Scheme; Environmental Policy; Installation Coverage; Transaction costs.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q50; Q58; H23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94877

In What Format and under What Timeframe Would China Take on Climate Commitments? A Roadmap to 2050
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
In what format and under what timeframe China would take on climate commitments is of significant relevance to China because it is facing great pressure both inside and outside international climate negotiations to exhibit greater ambition and is being confronted with the threats of trade measures. It is of significant global relevance as well because when China’s emissions peak is crucial to determine when global emissions would peak and because what China is going to do in what format has significant implications for the level and ambition of commitments from other countries. In response to these concerns and to put China in a positive position, this paper maps out the roadmap for China’s specific climate commitments towards 2050. Taking many factors...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Intensity Target; Binding Emissions Caps; Post-Copenhagen Climate Negotiations; Energy Saving; Renewable Energy; Clean Development Mechanism; China; USA; India; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q52; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94843

Inadequacies in the water reforms in the Kyrgyz Republic: an institutional analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ul Hassan,   Mehmood; Starkloff,   Ralf; Nizamedinkhodjayeva,   Nargiza.
This report analyzes the evolving water-management institutions and their performance of five core water management functions, in the context of the ongoing economic and agrarian reform in the Kyrgyz Republic. These core water-management functions are, operation of water systems, maintenance, resource mobilization, conflict resolution and organizational management. The report also identifies key issues and challenges that constrain effective stakeholder participation in water-resources management.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Analysis; Irrigation management; Participatory management; Water users’ associations; Research methods; Agrarian reform; Irrigation programs; Operations; Maintenance; Conflict; Rivers; Kyrgyzstan; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53066

INCENTIVE COMPATIBLE REFERENDA AND THE VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Laura O.
Recent attempts to test the validity of the contingent valuation method have relied on laboratory-type experiments.  In these experiments, willingness to pay responses in hypothetical choice experiments are compared with responses from choice experiments requiring actual payments.  Often evidence of hypothetical bias is found.  Critical for these experimental tests of hypothetical surveys is that the methodology used to elicit willingness to pay from subjects in the real-payment experiment be demand revealing.  If it is not, then differences in responses to hypothetical and real valuation questions could be due to free-riding in the real-payment survey and not due to hypothetical bias in the hypothetical survey.  This paper reports on experiments that...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31521

Incentive Payment Programs for Environmental Protection: A Framework for Eliciting and Estimating Landowners' Willingness to Participate
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Layton,   David F.; Siikamaki,   Juha.
This paper considers the role of incentive payment programs in eliciting, estimating, and predicting landowners' conservation enrollments. Using both program participation and the amount of land enrolled, we develop two econometric approaches for predicting enrollments. The first is a multivariate censored regression model that handles zero enrollments and heterogeneity in the opportunity cost of enrollments by combining an inverse hyperbolic sine transformation of enrollments with alternative-specific correlation and random parameters. The second is a beta-binomial model, which recognizes that in practice elicited enrollments are essentially integer valued. We apply these approaches to Finland, where the protection of private nonindustrial forests is an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Protection; Endangered; Voluntary; Incentive; Tobit; Beta-binomial; Stated preferences; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10775

Incentive Policies to Promote the Use of Enhanced Stormwater BMPs in New Residential Developments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huber,   Matthew C.; Willis,   David B.; Hayes,   John C.; Privette,   Charles V., III.
A voluntary stormwater management program that is incentive compatible between residential developers and regulators produces an outcome that simultaneously protects/enhances water quality and increases developer profits. Developers pay a participation fee and the collected fees are used to retrofit ineffective stormwater management systems in older neighborhoods to improve water quality.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stormwater Best Management Practices; Economic Incentives; Urban Water Quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56541

INCENTIVE-BASED POLICIES FOR CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLLUTION AND OUTPUT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khanna,   Madhu; Isik,   Murat; Zilberman,   David.
The cost-effectiveness of alternative green payment policies designed to achieve a targeted level of abatement by heterogeneous microunits is analyzed. Abatement costs and implications for production and government payments are compared using a simulation model for controlling drainage from cotton production in California with drip irrigation as a conservation technology.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21803

INCENTIVE-BASED SOLUTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THEORY AND PRACTICE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Randall,   Alan; Taylor,   Michael A.
Theory predicts that incentive-based regulatory instruments reduce compliance costs by encouraging efficient resource allocation and innovation in environmental technology. Cost reductions from pollution permit trading often have exceeded expectations, but the devil is in the detail: the rules matter. In recent years, IB instruments of many kinds, from permit trading to various informal voluntary agreements, have been introduced in many countries. Point-nonpoint trading programs have been established in the U.S., but recorded trades have been rare. We speculate about prospects for performance-based monitoring of agricultural nonpojnt pollution which, we believe, would encourage trading to the benefit of farmers and society.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15503

Incentives and Stability of International Climate Coalitions: An Integrated Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; De Cian,   Enrica; Massetti,   Emanuele; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper analyses the incentives to participate in and the stability of international climate coalitions. Using the integrated assessment model WITCH, the analysis of coalitions’ profitability and stability is performed under alternative assumptions concerning the pure rate of time preference, the social welfare aggregator and the extent of climate damages. We focus on the profitability, stability, and “potential stability” of a number of coalitions which are “potentially effective” in reducing emissions. We find that only the grand coalition under a specific sets of assumptions finds it optimal to stabilise GHG concentration below 550 ppm CO2-eq. However, the grand coalition is found not to be stable, not even “potentially stable” even through an...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Climate Coalition; Game Theory; Free Riding; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; C72; D58; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120048

Incentives for Residential Water Conservation: Water Price, Revenue, and Consumer Equity in Florida
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rawls,   Colin; Borisova,   Tatiana; Berg,   Sanford; Burkhardt,   Jeffrey.
Economic theory suggests that price incentives can be used to encourage water conservation in residential consumers.  Conservation water rates are designed to send price signals that encourage households to reduce discretionary water use in the long term. However, it is not always clear that conservation rates effectively provide meaningful incentives. Utilities themselves may also not have strong incentives to implement conservation rates. If conservation rates have a negative impact on revenue, or if they lead to increased revenue variability, utilities may have a disincentive to use them.  In addition, block pricing structures (where unit water rate increases with water usage) may be inequitable, in the sense that the “revenue burden” is borne...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Water; Price; Revenue; Equity; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56510

Incentives for Spatially Coordinated Land Conservation: A Conditional Agglomeration Bonus
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grout,   Cyrus A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92818

INCENTIVES FOR SWITCHING AGRICULTURAL LAND TO CARBON SEQUESTERING NO-TILLAGE:  WHAT DURATION ARE INCENTIVES NECESSARY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hellwinckel,   Chad M.; Larson,   James A.; Torre Ugarte,   Daniel de la.
Fourteen long term side-by-side tillage practice experiments were studied to analyze if no-tillage yields improved through time allowing incentives to decline.  In the majority of cases, no significant increase in no-till yield is evident.  Incentives may need to be permanent if switched acres are to remain using no-tillage practices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35219

Incentives to Supply Enhanced Ecosystem Services from Cropland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jolejole,   Christina B.; Swinton,   Scott M.; Lupi,   Frank.
This paper examines the willingness of farmers to participate in hypothetical programs that would pay them to adopt cropping practices that enhance provision of ecosystem services from agriculture. A survey of 3,000 Michigan corn and soybean farmers elicited willingness to adopt four sets of cropping practices that reflected increasing levels of environmental stewardship. Acreage enrollments in the programs were modeled using hurdle models. The acreage that farmers would be willing to enroll depends chiefly on farm size and the perception of environmental improvements from the practices.  For farms over 500 acres, the payment offered was also a significant inducement to acreage enrollment in all systems examined. This paper advances the literature on...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Willingness to participate; Willingness to accept; Stated preference; Supply response; Ecosystem services; Payment for environmental services; Agricultural policy; Agro-environmental policy; Environmental policy; Corn; Soybean; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49356

INCOME EFFECTS OF REDUCING AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wade,   James C.; Nicol,   Kenneth J.; Heady,   Earl O.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29745

INCOME EFFICIENCY OF SOIL CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES IN HAITI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jolly,   Curtis M.; Shannon,   Dennis A.; Bannister,   Michael; Flauretin,   Gardy; Dale,   John (Zach); Binns,   Alvin; Lindo,   Pauline.
Soil erosion and environmental degradation are serious problems facing food security in Haiti. In 1999, the annual soil loss due to erosion was estimated at 36 million m3 tons. The government of Haiti has been aware of these deteriorating conditions and has sought international assistance to reduce these problems. In 1993, the United States Agency for International Development implemented a soil conservation project and millions of dollars were spent on the encouragement of adoption of soil conservation measures; yet the problems of soil degradation is still menacing food security in Haiti. Hence the need to evaluate the impact of soil conservation in Haiti is important. A survey of 951 farmers, who adopted soil conservation techniques in Haiti, was...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income; Efficiency; Soil Conservation Techniques; Haiti; CAES; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36970

INCOME GROWTH AND PESTICIDE CONSUMPTION IN THE FUTURE: APPLYING THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE HYPOTHESIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arahata,   Katsumi.
Applying the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, the economic structure of pesticide consumption in the world was examined and its future consumption was predicted. It was found that the hypothesis is applicable and the income level significantly affects the pesticide consumption. Additionally, sustained population per land is also influential. In spite of the applicability of the hypothesis, it was also demonstrated that the great increase of pesticide consumption in developing countries would be predicted. Furthermore, among pesticide categories, the increase of insecticide consumption would be predicted even in developed countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Income growth; Pesticide; Sustained population of land; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22055

Incomplete Demand Systems, Corner Solutions, and Welfare Measurement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Haefen,   Roger H.
This paper demonstrates how corner solutions raise difficulties for the specification, estimation, and use of incomplete demand systems for welfare measurement with disaggregate consumption data, as is common in the outdoor recreation literature. A simple analytical model of consumer behavior is used to elucidate the potential biases for welfare measurement arising from modeling the demand for M goods as a function of M + N prices (N &gt; 1) and income when individuals do not consume all goods in strictly positive quantities. Results from a Monte Carlo experiment suggest that these biases can be substantial for large-scale policy shocks when prices are highly correlated.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand systems; Welfare analysis; Corner solutions; Microeconometrics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59327

Incorporating Environmental Impacts in the Measurement of Agricultural Productivity Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ball,   V. Eldon; Lovell,   C.A. Knox; Luu,   H.; Nehring,   Richard F.
Agricultural production is known to have environmental impacts, both adverse and beneficial, and it is desirable to incorporate at least some of these impacts in an environmentally sensitive productivity index. In this paper, we construct indicators of water contamination from the use of agricultural chemicals. These environmental indicators are merged with data on marketed outputs and purchased inputs to form a state-by-year panel of relative levels of outputs and inputs, including environmental impacts. We do not have prices for these undesirable by products, since they are not marketed. Consequently, we calculate a series of Malmquist productivity indexes, which do not require price information. Our benchmark scenario is a conventional Malmquist...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental impacts; Productivity growth; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30911

Incorporating environmental impacts into value added from organic and conventional farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huhtala,   Anni; Marklund,   Per-Olov.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/16/05.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: National income accounting; Environmental performance; Technology choices; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; O47; Q18; Q25.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19259

Incorporating Environmentally Compliant Manure Nutrient Disposal Costs into Least-Cost Livestock Ration Formulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hadrich,   Joleen C.; Wolf,   Christopher A.; Black,   J. Roy; Harsh,   Stephen B.
Livestock rations are formulated to minimize feed cost subject to nutritional requirements for a target performance level, which ignores the potentially substantial cost of disposing of nutrients fed in excess of nutritional requirements. We incorporate nutrient disposal costs into a modified least-cost ration formulation model to arrive at a joint least-cost decision that minimizes the sum of feed and net nutrient disposal costs. The method is demonstrated with phosphorus disposal costs on a representative dairy farm. Herd size, land availability and proximity, crop rotation, and initial soil phosphorus content are shown to be important in determining phosphorus disposal costs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental compliance; Linear programming; Livestock rations; Manure disposal; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; Q12; Q52.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45525

Incorporating issues of risk and uncertainty into Choice Modelling experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Xuehong; Rolfe,   John.
Many policy issues, as well as policy funding and management choices, have elements of risk and uncertainty. This means that choice experiments, such as those used in choice modelling (CM), may need to frame trade-offs so that risk and uncertainty are included.  This research aims to explore some methodological approaches to identify and treat uncertainty in CM experiments. A review of theoretical models, as well as a case study application in the CM technique reported by Roberts et al. (2008), suggests that including uncertainty information in the choice sets should influence responses significantly. However, key challenges remain to define and describe the elements of risk and uncertainty that are to be included in a choice experiment, to communicate the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice experiments; Risk; Uncertainty; Information; Framing.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94812

Incorporating Local Water Quality in Welfare Measures of Agri-environmental Policy: A Choice Modelling Approach Employing GIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tait,   Peter R.; Baskaran,   Ramesh.
The spatial distribution of agro-environmental policy benefits has important implications for the efficient allocation of management effort. The practical convenience of relying on sample mean values of individual benefits for aggregation can come at the cost of biased aggregate estimates. The main objective of this paper is to test spatial hypotheses regarding respondents’ local water quality and quantity, and their willingness-to-pay for improvements in water quality attributes. This paper combines choice experiment and spatially related water quality data via a Geographical Information System (GIS) to develop a method that evaluates the influence of respondents’ local water quality on willingness-to-pay for river and stream conservation programs in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water Quality; Choice Experiment; Geographical Information System; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q51; Q25; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116074

INCREASED RESERVOIR BENEFITS: THE CONTRIBUTION OF SOIL CONSERVATION PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   LeRoy T.; Hellerstein,   Daniel.
The objective of this research is to value soil conservation's impact on reservoirs. Using a model based on replacement cost, we estimate the benefits gained by marginal decreases in soil erosion for more than 75,000 reservoirs across the contiguous States. We aggregate benefits across the reservoirs within each of the 2,111 U.S watersheds in order to produce regional benefit estimates. Results show that a one-ton reduction in soil erosion provides benefits ranging from zero to $1.67. Our estimated model can be used to assess conservation benefits. For example, the lower level of soil erosion in 1997, relative to the 1982 level, preserved $139 million in reservoir benefits.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19942

INCREASING AT AN INCREASING RATE: THE POTENTIAL CONVEXITY OF DISCRETE-CHOICE WELFARE MEASURES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lupi,   Frank.
When environmental quality enters random utility models linearly, welfare measures are convex in quality.  The convexity is partly due to site substitution, and it has policy implications for whether changes in quality should be concentrated or diffuse.  These functional form effects are illustrated in a model of Great Lakes fishing.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20970

Increasing Carbon Sequestration by Reducing Tillage (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reicosky,   D.C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8029

Increasing environmental sustainability by incorporating stakeholders' intensities of preferences into the policy formation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zendehdel,   Kamran; Rademaker,   Michael; De Baets,   Bernard; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
In this paper a tractable methodology is presented to improve environmental sustainability by incorporating stakeholders’ intensities of preferences into the decision making process. The environmental decision making will be controversial when there is a complex issue at hand. The difficulty comes up as stakeholders cannot see how their preferences are taken into account in the policy making process. To reduce this controversy, we propose a qualitative method to elicit stakeholders’ intensities of preferences towards a set of environmental services. Subsequently, the elicited intensities of preferences are aggregated by a mathematical approach on each single criterion. Finally, a multi-criteria approach is applied to use the aggregated values across all...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Stakeholder's preferences; Tractable decision making; Social support; Qualitative valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44206

India Agricultural Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gilmour,   Brad; Gurung,   Rajendra Kumar.
With a population of about 1.1 billion, India is expected to overtake China as the world's most populous country by 2030. India's economy ranks as Asia's third largest, after Japan and China, and is now one of the world's fastest growing. While growth has led to significant reductions in poverty, India still ranks among the world's low income countries in terms of income per capita. Nevertheless, economic growth has resulted in a burgeoning middle-class.  India's agriculture sector accounts for 18% of GDP, and employs around 60% of the workforce. Rice, wheat, cotton, oilseeds, jute, tea, sugarcane, milk and potatoes are India's major agricultural commodities. With its growing urban middle-class and increasing influence in global affairs, India's policies...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: India; Economic growth; Agricultural policy; Water scarcity; Market regulations; Agriculture; Water; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46456

INDIANA FARM-LEVEL IMPACTS OF POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY BANS ON SELECTED SOYBEAN INSECTICIDES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cashman,   Christopher M.; Martin,   Marshall A.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29494

INDICADOR DE SUSTENTABILIDADE DASHBOARD: ANÁLISE DA SUSTENTABILIDADE DA PRODUÇÃO FAMILIAR DE FRUTAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE ITAPURANGA - GO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campos,   Claudia Aparecida; Ribeiro,   Francis Lee; Souza,   Cleonice Borges De.
O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a sustentabilidade da produção tradicional e orgânica de frutas dos agricultores familiares do município de Itapuranga, por meio do indicador de sustentabilidade Dashboard. O principal problema é que o sistema de produção tradicional de frutas utilizado por estes agricultores estava sendo desenvolvido com o uso intensivo e inadequado de insumos químicos (fertilizantes e agrotóxicos) causando problemas de ordem social e econômica aos agricultores e impactos ao meio ambiente. De acordo com os resultados, conclui-se que: o sistema de fruticultura orgânica, mesmo se encontrando em fase inicial apresentou por meio do Indicador de Sustentabilidade Dashboard o Índice de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Global (IDS) com uma performance...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultura orgânica; Dashboard; Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Organic agriculture; Dashboard; Sustainable development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109448

Indicator framework, indicators and upscaling methods implemented in the final version of SEAMLESS-IF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alkan Olsson,   Johanna; Bockstaller,   Christian; Turpin,   Nadine; Therond,   Olivier; Bezlepkina,   Irina V.; Knapen,   Rob.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57922

Indicators for comparing performance of irrigated agricultural systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molden,   David J.; Sakthivadivel,   Ramasamy; Perry,   Christopher J.; de Fraiture,   Charlotte; Kloezen,   Wim H.
Outlines IWMI's external and other comparative performance indicators that allow for analysis of irrigation performance across systems. The purpose of these indicators is to understand the current situation with respect to productive utilization of land and water, to compare relative performance of systems, and to identify where performance can be improved.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; Irrigation systems; Indicators; Performance indexes; Financing; Crop production; Water demand; Water requirements; Prices; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44581

ÍNDICE DE INVESTIMENTO EM QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL DOS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS: UMA APLICAÇÃO DO METODO DE ANÁLISE FATORIAL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maia,   Maria Jose Do Carmo; Silva,   Rubicleis Gomes Da.
Este trabalho objetivou construir o Índice de Investimento na Qualidade Ambiental (IIQA) para os Estados Brasileiros, utilizando a metodologia de análise fatorial através do método de componentes principais. Os resultados apontaram que os Estados das regiões Sul e Sudeste apresentam os maiores índices de investimentos na qualidade ambiental, com destaque para o Estado de São Paulo. A região centro-oeste demonstrou índices intermediários, porém nesta região está localizado o 2° maior índice de investimento em qualidade do meio ambiente que pertence ao Distrito Federal. Em contrapartida os Estados das regiões Nordeste e Norte possuem os piores índices, sendo os Estados de Amapá e Rondônia, os que menos investem na melhoria da qualidade...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Qualidade ambiental; Estatística multivariada; Análise fatorial; Estados brasileiros; Ambient quality; Multivaried statistics; Factorial analysis; Brazilian states; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108914

Indigenous Drought Coping Strategies and Risk Management against El Nino in Papua New Guinea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bang,   Sergie K.; Sitango,   Kud.
In this phase, a study was conducted on the institutional preparedness to cope with future el nino-induced risks on agriculture. Although people suffered shortages of food and water, each community had various coping strategies. This paper documents the indigenous coping strategies used by people in six worst affected districts in the highlands and lowlands of PNG.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Drought; Indigenous knowledge; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32687

Indigenous Knowledge Systems: Characteristics and Importance to Climatic Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Materer,   Susan M.; Valdivia,   Corinne; Gilles,   Jere L.
This paper details the importance of indigenous knowledge systems in developing countries around the world. Farmers, communities and households that live in risky environments, have developed intricate systems of diversification that help secure income and food consumption. An integral part of these systems are the knowledge systems that help households plan for future events and decrease uncertainty. Recently indigenous knowledge systems have been given more attention as their importance is addressed in development projects. Unfortunately acknowledgment and understanding of how knowledge systems are used is still not a basic part of all research. This is especially important in the recent advancement of climate and weather forecasting. Scientific...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92903

INDIGENOUS LAND AND COMMUNITY SECURITY: A (RADICAL) PLANNING AGENDA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lane,   Marcus.
This paper argues that the capacity of indigenous groups to engage effectively in environmental planning activities, at different levels, is crucial to securing land justice and community security. This argument is made against the backdrop of tensions between indigenous peoples residing in post-settler societies and nation states such as Australia, Canada, and New Zealand over questions of resource sovereignty. The paper argues that effective planning is central to (i) successful acquisition of lands through legal land claim processes, (ii) protecting indigenous interests by engaging the planning activities of the state, and (iii) realization of community goals by establishment of effective community-based planning processes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Indigenous peoples -- Land tenure; Indigenous peoples -- Claims; Land use -- Planning -- Citizen participation; Environmental management -- Social aspects; Postcolonialism; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12795

Indikatoren einer nachhaltigen Landwirtschaft im Regionalisierten Agrar- und Umweltinformationssystem für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland (RAUMIS)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Julius,   Christian; Moller,   Christine; Osterburg,   Bernhard; Sieber,   Stefan.
According to the formulation of a political concept which centres on the principles of sustainable agricultural land use, agri-environmental aspects have gained an accretive importance within model based policy consultation. In this context, the following article illustrates the Regionalised Agricultural and Environmental Information System RAUMIS. It describes the state of development of the actual integration of agri-environmental indicators as well as analytical results and their applicatory suitability. The main intention of using indicators within RAUMIS is to achieve a differentiated illustration of environmental impacts of agricultural land use in the context of actual-state analysis and prospective simulations.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Model-based policy consultation; Regional Agricultural and Environmental Information System for Germany (RAUMIS); Agri-environmental indicators; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98359

'Individual' versus 'Household' in Recreational Demand Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veronesi,   Marcella.
This study proposes a novel approach to estimating a recreational demand model that accounts for intra-household resource allocation. The technique is based on an analogy borrowed from the literature of collective household behavior and, in particular, on Browning, Chiappori and Lewbel (2006)’s model. We formulate a collective recreational demand model that takes into account the role of each member’s preferences for consumption choices and that depends on how disposable income is divided within the household. This model identifies the Consumer Surplus for each household member and the allocation of resources within a household by a consumption technology function, which summarizes all of the technological economies of scale and scope that result from...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98551

INDUCED INNOVATION IN AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13273

Induced Innovation or a Paradox of Environmental Regulation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benson,   Aaron; Shumway,   C. Richard.
In a seeming paradox, bluegrass seed production in the State of Washington increased following imposition of a statewide ban on stubble burning in 1996.  Despite forecasts that alternative production practices would increase the cost of producing bluegrass seed so much that the industry would be driven from the state, production in the years 1997-2003 was higher than in any seven-year period in recorded history.  This study seeks to explain why this occurred.  Several hypotheses are put forward and systematically tested.  The final hypothesis, induced innovation, cannot be formally tested because of data limitations, but it is examined by an assessment of innovations that occurred contemporaneously with the ban and by corroborative statistical evidence....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19450

INDUCED POLICY INNOVATION: ENIVRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DAIRIES IN TEXAS AND FLORIDA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thurow,   Amy Purvis; Holt,   John.
Environmental policies make a difference in shaping producers' choices among dairy production technologies, the sizes and locations of their dairies, and even which dairies ultimately survive.  Induced policy innovation means producers reacting to policies, and policies, in turn, being shaped by their effects.  Profiles of experiences with environmental compliance in Texas and Florida were analyzed.  Results demonstrate that the timing and sequencing of policy signals make a difference in compliance behavior and options.  Furthermore, ex ante assessments of the costs of environmental compliance are challenging to carry out, and consequently can undermine the policy goal of maintaining the maximum number of options for compliance.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental compliance; Ex ante policy assessment; Induced policy innovation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15527

Induced Technological Change in a Limited Foresight Optimization Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hedenus,   Fredrik; Azar,   Christian; Lindgren,   Kristian.
The threat of global warming calls for a major transformation of the energy system the coming century. Modeling technological change is an important factor in energy systems modeling. Technological change may be treated as induced by climate policy or as exogenous. We investigate the importance of induced technological change (ITC) in GET-LFL, an iterative optimization model with limited foresight that includes learning-by-doing. Scenarios for stabilization of atmospheric CO2 concentrations at 400, 450, 500 and 550 ppm are studied. We find that the introduction of ITC reduces the total net present value of the abatement cost over this century by 3-9% compared to a case where technological learning is exogenous. Technology specific polices which force the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12036

Induced-Innovation and Invasive Species Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   C.S.; Schaible,   Glenn D.; Lewandrowski,   Jan.
Public policy for managing invasive species has largely focused on preventive measures prior to detection (stage 1) and on the use of chemical/mechanical or biological control measures after the establishment and dispersion of the invasive species (stage 2).  Optimal management policy depends both on the initial stock of the invasive species and on the costs associated with conventional control measures.  However, little attention has focused on how an induced technology such as Bt corn and Bt cotton is developed and adopted by farmers (stage 3), or how it affects the manageability of economic and ecological damages from an invasive species.  This analysis evaluates the optimal allocation of management resources between preventive and control measures for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Preventive measures; Control measures; Induced technology; Hazard function; Optimal control; Comparative dynamic analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60985

Industrial Benefits of Controlling Saltwater Intrusion in the Neches  River
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chowdhury,   Manzoor E.; Lacewell,   Ronald D.; McCauley,   Garry N.; Freeman,   Roger.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35855

Industrial Water Demand analysis in the Middle Olifants sub-basin of  South Africa: The case of Mining
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Linz,   Teresa; Tsegai,   Daniel W.
This paper seeks to determine water demand of the mining sector in the Middle Olifants sub-basin of South Africa. Despite the growing economic importance of mining in the area, only little is known about its water demand and the role of water in the mines´ extraction process. By means of econometric estimation water price elasticities as well as substitution possibilities between water and other inputs are derived to analyze the response of mines to changes in water tariffs. Using primary data, a translog cost function is estimated for five mines operating in the area. Cost share equations of each input are specified and estimated using Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) method. The mean cost share of water for all five mines, with around 1%, is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49927

INDUSTRIALIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ARE WE READY? DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weatherspoon,   Dave D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15350

(In)Efficient Management of Interacting  Environmental Bads
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuosmanen,   Timo; Laukkanen,   Marita.
Many environmental problems involve the transformation of multiple harmful substances into one or more damage agents much in the same way as a firm transforms inputs into outputs. Yet environmental management differs from a firm’s production in one important respect: while a firm seeks efficient input allocation to maximize profit, an environmental planner allocates abatement efforts to render the production of damage agents as inefficient as possible. We characterize a solution to the hmultiple pollutants problem and show that the optimal policy is often a corner solution, in which abatement is focused on a single pollutant. Corner solutions may arise even in well-behaved problems with concave production functions and convex damage and cost functions....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Cost-benefit analysis; Eutrophication; Multiple pollutants; Optimal environmental policy; Pollution control; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54287

Influence of Conservation of Native Vegetation on Land Values in Moree Plains Shire, NSW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sinden,   Jack A.
The Native Vegetation Conservation Act was introduced on January 1st 1998 to protect native grassland and woodland in New South Wales. The Act has limited clearing of native vegetation and development to crops and pasture, has protected biodiversity, and may have enhanced soil and water conservation. But an analysis of variations in the prices paid for farm land in Moree Plains Shire, with the complementary hedonic and bargaining methods, shows how buyers, sellers, and the market as a whole, value the characteristics of the land. It shows that the Act has led to substantial losses in land values for the farmers. The Act has imposed higher costs on those who had kept most vegetation, and on those who most need to retain their options to clear and develop....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12903

Influence of firm related factors and industrial policy regime on technology based capacity utilization in sugar industry in Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akpan,   Sunday Brownson; Udo,   U.J.; Essien,   Ubon A.
The study analyzed the technology based capacity utilization rate in sugar industry in Nigeria in the period 1970 to 2010. Data used in the study were obtained from the sugar firms, publications of the Central Bank of Nigeria and National Bureau of Statistics. Augmented Dicker Fuller unit root test was conducted on the specified data to ascertain their stationarity and order of integration. The result reveals that some variables were stationary at level while some were stationary at first difference. The diagnostic statistics from the multiple log linear regression on the specified variables confirmed the reliability of the model. The empirical result reveals that sugar cane price and sugar industry’s real energy consumption have significant negative...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sugar; Firm; Capacity; Utilization; Industry; Technology; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116379

Influences of Knowledge of Wildlife Species on Patterns of Willingness to pay for their Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Examines the influence of respondents’ knowledge of wildlife species on their willingness to pay for conservation of the individual species.  It does so by using data generated by surveys of 204 individuals who participated in a structured experiment in which their knowledge of a selected set of wildlife species was increased.  The species selected were Australian ones, mostly but not entirely, tropical ones.  The species were divided into three taxa for the experiment; reptiles, mammals and birds.  Each set of species in the taxa included some species expected to be poorly known initially and some anticipated to be well known.  Respondents rated their knowledge of each species on a Likert scale, and changes in their average allocation of funds for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Contingent valuation; Environmental education; Environmental valuation; Knowledge; Wildlife conservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48972

Influences of Permanence on the Comparative Value of Biological Sequestration versus Emissions Offsets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarl,   Bruce A.; Murray,   Brian C.; Schneider,   Uwe A.
We use a net present value framework to examine the impact of non-permanence on the economics of land-based biological carbon sequestration. Contingent on assumptions about discount rates, management, and carbon prices trajectories, and payment contract design, we find the adjusted value of carbon sequestration relative to permanently available emission offsets to be between 38 and 55 percent for agricultural soil offsets and between 51 and 99 percent for afforestation offsets. Simulations with an Agricultural Sector Model show the empirical effect of sequestration value discounts on the total potential of U.S. agricultural sinks to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions within a multistrategy setting.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Sector Model; Carbon price trajectory; Carbon sequestration dynamics; Economics of greenhouse gas emission mitigation; Forest sink discounting; Mathematical programming; Net present value; Saturation; Volatility; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18448

Influencia de politicas ambientales en la captura de carbono por parte de las masas forestales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balteiro,   Luis Díaz.
RESUMEN: Desde que recientemente se ha reparado en los ecosistemas forestales como posibles sumideros del CO2 atmosférico, se ha propuesto el establecimiento de masas forestales como medida para reducir las concentraciones de este gas. Esto llevaría a que las plantaciones forestales presentaran objetivos adicionales de carácter ambiental. Bajo la óptica de un propietario privado o un posible inversor en esta clase de activos forestales, estas circunstancias sitúan al centro decisor ante un problema de producción conjunta, diferente al que existía hasta hace poco tiempo. Por otro lado, desde un punto de vista social interesará que la captura de carbono sea máxima.  Se han estudiado dos posibles casos de forestaciones, y los resultados muestran que el...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Forest Economics; Forest Policy.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28757

Informal Sector Pollution Control: What Policy Options Do We Have?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen.
In developing countries, urban clusters of informal firms such as brick kilns and leather tanneries can create severe pollution problems. However, these firms are quite difficult to regulate for a variety of technical and political reasons. Drawing on the literature, this paper first develops a list of feasible environmental management policies. It then examines how these policies have fared in four independent efforts to control emissions from informal brick kilns in northern Mexico. The case studies suggest that: (i) conventional command and control process standards are generally only enforceable when buttressed by peer monitoring, (ii) surprisingly, clean technologies can be successfully diffused even when they raise variable costs, in part because...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Informal sector; Environmental policy; Latin America; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10634

Information and Wildlife Valuation: Experiments and Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
An experiment involving 204 residents of Brisbane, Australia is outlined and the results are reported and analysed. Two consecutive surveys of the respondents provide data about their stated knowledge of 23 wildlife species present in tropical Australia, many of which exclusively occur there. In addition, these surveys provide data about the willingness of respondents to pay for the conservation of those species belonging to three taxa: reptiles, mammals, and birds. The respondents’ stated knowledge of the species is compared with their willingness to pay for species’ conservation, and relevant inferences are drawn. When the respondents’ knowledge of the species is experimentally increased in a balanced way, it is found to result in more dispersion...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Q51; Q57; Q58; Environmental Economics and Policy; Biodiversity; Contingent valuation; Endangered species; Environmental evaluation; Knowledge; Wildlife conservation.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51409

INFORMATION IMPACTS ON STATED VS. REVEALED PREFERENCE VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hite,   Diane.
A database is used that combines survey and housing variables to compare stated willingness to pay (WTP) to revealed WTP to avoid living in proximity to a land -ll.  The results suggest that stated WTP is closer to that predicted by the hedonic for knowledgeable homebuyers than for ignorant homebuyers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21791

Information Reference Models for European Pork Supply Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lehmann,   Richard J.; Fritz,   Melanie; Schiefer,   Gerhard.
Several global developments such as diminishing production resources, limits in the availability of water and the growing demand for bio-energy as well as sector-wide crises (e.g. BSE, swine fever, dioxin) have led to a changing attitude of society towards the conse-quences of the food system‘s activities for social, economic and environmental issues, cap-tured in the term of sustainability. As a consequence, consumers show increasing interest in the characteristics of food, and in turn, on the availability of related information and guaran-tees. The paper introduces different information reference models for European pork supply networks, which give an aggregated overview about information availability and exchange in the pork sector, identify additional...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Information Modelling; Reference Modelling; Food Safety; Quality; Global Warm-ing Potential; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122014

Information, Stability and Dynamics in Networks under Institutional Constraints
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olaizola,   Norma; Valenciano,   Federico.
In this paper we study the effects of institutional constraints on stability, efficiency and network formation. More precisely, an exogenous "societal cover" consisting of a collection of possibly overlapping subsets that covers the whole set of players and such that no set in this collection is contained in another specifies the social organization in different groups or "societies". It is assumed that a player may initiate links only with players that belong to at least one society that s/he also belongs to, thus restricting the feasible strategies and networks. In this way only the players in the possibly empty "societal core", i.e., those that belong to all societies, may initiate links with all individuals. In this setting the part of the current...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Network; Non-cooperative Game; Dynamics; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96844

Innovation and environmental awareness based on the example of the Voestalpine Group: THE SECRETS OF SUCCESSFUL CORPORATE MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Merai,   Gyorgyi; Szucs,   Csaba; Marsalek,   Sandor.
One of the main characteristics of market economies is market competition where companies have to deliver and achieve the best possible results amid continuous challenges. It is always worth learning from the best performers. The voestalpine Group is a market leader steel producing company and a world market leader in a variety of segments.  It is characterised by advanced innovation in the fields of engineering, energy management and the protection of the environment, for which it has already earned international recognition and awards. We have made an effort to collect the factors in innovation, research, human resources management, and the protection of the environment that enabled voestalpine Group to achieve outstanding economic success. The...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Research; Human resources; Corporate management; Code of conduct; Protection of the environment; Innováció; Kutatás; Humán erőforrás; Vállalatvezetés; Magatartáskódex; Környezetvédelem; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99215

INNOVATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY EDUCATION THROUGH COALITIONS: THE GROUNDWATER POLICY EDUCATION PROJECT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdalla,   Charles W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17180

Innovation Under the Tradable Sulfur Dioxide Emission Permits Program in the U.S. Electricity Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas.
The 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) instituted a national program in tradable sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission permits, referred to as "emission allowances," in the U.S. electricity sector. This paper provides a survey and assessment of the SO2 allowance trading program with a focus on the role of innovation. Over the last decade the cost of compliance has fallen dramatically compared with most expectations, and today the total cost of the program is 40-140% lower than projections (depending on the timing of those projections and the counter-factual baseline considered). Marginal costs of reductions are less than one-half the cost considered in most analyses at the time the program was introduced. Innovation accounts for a large portion of these...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Incentive-based regulation; SO2 trading; Clean Air Act Amendments; Environmental Economics and Policy; O31; Q25.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10599

INOVACOES AGROECOLOGICAS NO NORDESTE DE MINAS GERAIS: O CASO DOS SISTEMAS AGROFLORESTAIS NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR DO ALTO JEQUITINHONHA.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ayres,   Eduardo Barbosa; Ribeiro,   Eduardo Magalhaes.
The agroforest systems - SAFs - allow the balance between production and biodiversity conservation. The objective of this paper is to measure the results and impacts of SAFs in Alto Jequitinhonha, in the Northeastern region of Minas Gerais, investigating features related to the household organization and management and conservation of natural resources. The research work was performed in 18 rural communities of five towns by means of interviews with 33 household farmers, named “monitors”, belonging to the acting base of the Centro de Agricultura Alternativa Vicente Nica (Vicente Nica Alternative Agriculture Center) – CAV – a non-governmental organization which acts in programs of rural development in the region. It was realized that SAFs have contributed...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultura familiar; Vale do Jequitinhonha; Sistemas agroflorestais; Household farming; Vale do Jequitinhonha; Agroforest systems; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102026

Input Price Risk and the Adoption of Conservation Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schoengold,   Karina; Sunding,   David L.
Replaced with revised version of poster 07/12/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Price risk; Technology adoption; Matching; Propensity score; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q1; Q5.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103857

Insecticide Use and Crop Selection: A South Dakota Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDonald,   Tia Michelle; Keating,   Ariel Ruth; Fausti,   Scott W.; Li,   Jing; Lundgren,   Jonathan G.; Catangui,   Mike.
South Dakota has recently experienced a significant increase in the proportion of acres treated with insecticide. Unfortunately, data on insecticide usage by crop at the county level is not available. The following case study seeks to uncover the reasons for this increase by analyzing county-level data in South Dakota with a fixed effects panel regression. The study links the proportion of acres planted for a specific crop to the proportion of total acres treated with insecticide. This approach provides insight on how changing cropping patterns in South Dakota have influenced insecticide use.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Insecticides; Genetically Modified Organism; Target pests; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1; Q2; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91991

INSTITUIÇÕES AMBIENTAIS E DESMATAMENTO NA AMAZÔNIA LEGAL BRASILEIRA: UMA ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA EM NÍVEL DE MUNICÍPIO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Araujo,   Paulo Thadeu M.; Melo,   Andrea S.S.A.
A discussão apresentada nesse trabalho constitui-se parte de um estudo que tenta entender o desmatamento da Amazônia Legal brasileira dentro de uma perspectiva institucional. Para isto, analisa a estrutura institucional ambiental dos municípios desta região, buscando identificar se diferenças nos arranjos institucionais destes municípios podem ter levado a distintas taxas de desmatamento durante o processo de crescimento econômico dos mesmos. O crescimento econômico da região tem se baseado fortemente na expansão da pecuária de corte e do cultivo da soja, atividades estas identificadas na literatura como principais responsáveis pelas taxas de desmatamento observadas. A análise da perspectiva institucional, através de informações referentes a instituições...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Amazônia legal brasileira; Municípios; Arranjos institucionais; Desmatamento; Brazilian Amazon legal; Municipalities; Institutional arrangements; Deforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113384

INSTITUTIONAL ALTERNATIVES FOR IMPROVING OUR ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmid,   A. Allan.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1970
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17746

Institutional analysis for nitrogen pollution abatement in a Waikato river sub-catchment in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramilan,   Thiagarajah; Scrimgeour,   Frank G.; Marsh,   Dan.
Nitrogen levels in water resources in the Waikato region are increasing, mainly as a result of non-point source pollution from agricultural activities. Non-point pollution management is a complex issue requiring sufficient information and appropriate institutions. This paper considers the environmental policy literature and analyse how institutions, contract design, and monitoring and transaction costs in the presence of farm heterogeneity encourage optimal abatement. The analysis identifies the key institutional issues to be addressed in the design of appropriate policy measures to address water quality in Waikato river sub-catchment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Transaction cost; Compliance; Contract design; Heterogeneity; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10408

Institutional design principles for accountability in large irrigation systems.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Merrey,   Douglas J.
Argues that single irrigation systems managed by autonomous system-specific organizations accountable to their customers, perform better and are more sustainable than those managed by agencies dependent on the government, or by agencies responsible for multiple systems. Selected cases are reviewed and the plausibility of this hypothesis established. General recommendations are made for policy makers designing irrigation reform programs.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Government-managed irrigation systems; Large-scale systems; Organizational design; Water users' associations; Water users; Farmers' associations; Farmer participation; Sustainability; Water rights; Performance evaluation; Performance indexes; Participatory management; Privatization; Policy; Research methods; Case studies Nepal; Sri Lanka; Indonesia; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52732

Institutional Economics and the Behaviour of Conservation Organizations: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article draws mostly on new institutional economics to consider the likely behaviours of non-government conservation organizations and the implications of these behaviours for biodiversity conservation.  It considers how institutional factors may result in behaviour of conservation NGOs diverging from their objectives, including their support for biodiversity conservation; examines aspects of rent capture and conservation alliances; specifies social factors that may restrict the diversity of species supported by NGOs for conservation; considers bounded rationality in relation to the operation of conservation NGOs; and using game theory, shows how competition between NGOs for funding can result in economic inefficiencies and narrow the diversity of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional Economics; NGOs; Non-government conservation; Organizations; Biodiversity conservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55099

Institutional Impediments, Entitlement Exchange and Women's Empowerment in Rural India: The Case of Access to Education
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roy,   Kartik C.; Tisdell,   Clement A.; Ghose,   Ananda.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender empowerment; Education; India; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94399

Institutional Impediments to Groundwater Trading: the case of the Gnangara groundwater system of Western Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skurray,   James H.; Pandit,   Ram; Pannell,   David J.
The development of a market in groundwater usage rights can be inhibited by constraints arising from the institutional context. Such impediments may reduce the potential gains from trade and may generate high transaction costs for prospective traders.  We analyse the regulations and policies influencing groundwater transfers in a case-study area -- the Gnangara groundwater system around Perth, Western Australia -- and identify significant impediments to a groundwater market.  Property rights are found to be conditional, temporary, and vulnerable to amendment. Regulatory approval is required for all transfers. Facilitating infrastructure is lacking, and price information is unavailable. Management area boundaries reflect land ownership and use rather than...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q28; Q38; Q56; Q57; Q58; D02; R52; H41; H23; H11; D23; D47; D78; H44.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117825

INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Second Annual Conference on Agricultural Policy and the Environment; Proceedings of a Conference Sponsored by University of Minnesota, Center for International Food and Agricultural Policy; Agricultural Development Regional Agency (ESAV); University of Padova; Lake Itasca, Minnesota, September 22-29, 1990, Volume III  Contents:  Institutional Arrangements for Managing Water Conflicts and the Role of Transaction Costs, by K. William Easter  Incentives for Nonpoint Pollution Control: An Approach Based on a Principal-Agent Model, by Cesare Dosi and Michele Moretto  Technical and Institutional Innovation in a Bureaucratic Setting: U.S. Land Conservation Policy and the Conservation Reserve, by C. Ford Runge and Vernon W. Ruttan  Institutional Innovation in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14237

Institutional Innovations for Smallholder Compliance with International Food Safety Standards: Experiences from Kenya, Ethiopian and Zambian Green Bean Growers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okello,   Julius Juma; Narrod,   Clare A.; Roy,   Devesh.
Many African countries have moved into the production of non-traditional agricultural products to diversify their exports and increase foreign currency earnings. Accessing developed country markets requires meeting food safety standards brought about by several demand and supply side factors. Food retailers in the EU, the major destination market, have developed protocols relating to pesticide residue limits, field and packinghouse hygiene, and traceability. In this changing scenario where food safety requirements are getting increasingly stringent, there are worries that companies that establish production centers in LDCs might exclude smallholder farmers. In this paper, we study the cases of green beans production in Ethiopia, Kenya and Zambia for export...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International food safety standards; Compliance; Smallholder farmers; Institutional arrangements; Collective action; Producer organizations; Public-private partnerships; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52183

INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES AND STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: VIEW FROM WITHIN THE LAND-GRANT UNIVERSITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.; Swinton,   Scott M.
Sustainable agricultural research and education have gained acceptability within the land-grant system in less than a decade, an impressive change. Attitudes were changed by a set of forces which include lobbying by sustainable agriculture advocates, requests from farmers as a result of the cost-price squeeze of the early 1980's, changing demands for both environmental quality and less pesticide residues from food consumers, and the availability of new funding sources.  Despite its hard-won acceptability, there are tensions with respect to sustainable agriculture within the land-grant system. Sustainable agricultural issues are not yet integrated into the fabric of the land-grant institution. In order to integrate it fully, challenges remain in three key...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11666

Institutional management of greenhouse gas emissions: How much does 'green' reputation matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Komarek,   Timothy M.; Lupi,   Frank; Kaplowitz,   Michael D.; Thorp,   Laurie.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Green reputation; Conjoint analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q29; Q40; Q51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61408

Institutional Options for the Conservation of Biodiversity: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ratinger,   Tomas; Krumalova,   Veronika; Prazan,   Jaroslav.
The paper focuses on changes in property rights and policies regarding interactions between agriculture and nature in the Czech Republic. In the first part the recent situation is reviewed. The institutional and organisational features and their development during the transition and recent years are illustrated by the case study on the White Carpathian protected landscape area. The key issue in conservation in the White Carpathians (as in the number of other marginal areas) is to maintain grassland management at large scale. While environmental policy lacks measures for maintaining grassland management, respective incentives were launched in the frame of agricultural policy, although they do not sufficiently consider environmental concerns. There are two...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18888

Institutional settings and livelihood strategies in the Blue Nile Basin: Implications for upstream/downstream linkages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haileslassie,   Amare; Hagos,   Fitsum; Mapedza,   Everisto; Sadoff,   Claudia W.; Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Gebreselassie,   Solomon; Peden,   Don.
Through rapid assessment of existing literature and review of policy and other official documents, the report synthesizes the existing knowledge and gaps on policies and institutions and identifies key research issues that need in-depth study. The report provides an overview of the range of key livelihoods and production systems in the Blue Nile Basin (BNB) and highlights their relative dependence on, and vulnerability to, water resources and water-related ecosystem services. It also makes an inventory of current water and land related policies and institutions in the BNB, their organizational arrangements, dynamics and linkages and key policy premises. It highlights the major problems in institutional arrangements and policy gaps and makes suggestions for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basins; Water policy; Institutions; Institutional development; Farming systems; Mixed farming; Cereals; Sorghum; Irrigated farming; Vegetables; Pastoralism; Poverty; Water supply; Sanitation; Labor; Ecosystems; Energy; Water power; Watershed management; Water harvesting; Legal aspects; Environmental policy; Water users associations; Irrigation programs; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91871

INSTITUTIONS AND ECONOMICS OF POLLUTION TRADING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wojciechowski,   Jan; Miller,   Bill R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16684

INSTITUTIONS AND SUSTAINABLE LAND USE: THE CASE OF FOREST AND GRAZING LANDS IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebreegziabher,   Zenebe.
Land is an essential factor of production for agriculture, horticulture, forestry as well as other land related activities. Institutions that govern its use determine the sustainability and efficient use of this essential resource. In Ethiopia all land is publicly owned. Such an institutional setting has resulted in major degradation of Ethiopia’s land resources and dissipation of the resource rent, as available forest and grazing lands are exploited in a suboptimal fashion. An alternative to current institutional setting is to assign private property institution, but this will lead to welfare costs. In this paper, we examine the welfare effects (from consumer perspective) of change in institutional setting to forest and grazing lands using a unique data...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Sustainable land use; Economic welfare.; Environmental Economics and Policy; K11; Q12; Q2; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51639

INSTITUTIONS AND THE VALUE OF NONPOINT SOURCE MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY: CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Kling,   Catherine L.; Zhao,   Jinhua.
The development of technologies for accurate field-scale carbon assessment allows the implementation of more efficient policies than can be implemented in their absence.  We estimate the value of accurate measurement technology by estimating the gains from implementing a more efficient policy, one that targets carbon reductions at the field scale but requires accurate field-scale measurement technology, relative to a practice-based policy that can be implemented in the absence of such technology. We find large cost savings due to improved targeting of conservation tillage subsidies for the state of Iowa. The cost savings depend significantly on the choice of baseline carbon, while the ability of the government to cost discriminate has little impact on the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Green payment policy; Value of measurement technology; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18540

Institutions for integrated water resources management in upland watersheds of Southeast Asia: A comparative analysis of Thailand and Lao PDR.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurian,   Mathew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Decentralization; Watersheds; Food security; Domestic water; Environmental degradation; Income; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92521

Instrument Choice for Environmental Protection When Technological Innovation Is Endogenous
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Parry,   Ian W.H.; Pizer,   William A.
This paper presents an analytical and numerical comparison of the welfare impacts of alternative instruments for environmental protection in the presence of endogenous technological innovation. We analyze emissions taxes and both auctioned and free (grandfathered) emissions permits. We find that under different sets of circumstances each of the three policies may induce a significantly higher welfare gain than the other two policies. In particular, the relative ranking of policy instruments can crucially depend on the ability of adopting firms to imitate the innovation, the costs of innovation, the slope and level of the marginal environmental benefit function, and the number of firms producing emissions. Moreover, although in theory the welfare impacts of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technological innovation; Externalities; Environmental policies; Welfare impacts; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; O38; H23.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10812

INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS FROM AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   John G.; Lovejoy,   Stephen B.
Agriculture's impact on the environment is a complex research problem.  A challenge to future economic research is to account for the interrelationship between agricultural production activities, soil productivity, erosion, and water quality.  It will become increasingly important to determine not only the economic consequences, but also the environmental effectiveness of alternative policies aimed at improving resource use and quality.  The application of biophysical simulation models to environmental quality problems provides a means to better understand the complex interaction between agricultural production and environmental quality.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28821

Integrated assessment of public investment in land-use change to protect environmental assets in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pannell,   David J.; Roberts,   Anna M.; Park,   Geoff; Curatolo,   April; Marsh,   Sally P.; Alexander,   Jennifer.
This is a pre-publication version of: Pannell, D.J., Roberts, A.M., Park, G., Alexander, J., Curatolo, A. and Marsh, S. (2012). Integrated assessment of public investment in land-use change to protect environmental assets in Australia, Land Use Policy 29(2): 377-387.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q20; Q50.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102455

Integrated assessment of the environmental, economic and social impacts of land use change using a GIS format – the CLUES model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harris,   Simon; Elliott,   Sandy; McBride,   Graham; Shankar,   Ude; Quinn,   John; Wheeler,   David; Wedderburn,   Liz; Hewitt,   Allan; Gibb,   Robert; Parfitt,   Roger; Clothier,   Brent; Green,   Steve; Munguia,   Oscar Montes de Oca; Dake,   Chris K.G.; Rys,   Gerald.
The CLUES model is an integrated catchment based model that designed to assist policy makers in understanding the implications of land use scenarios for water quality and a range of other indicators. CLUES integrates a number of existing models from several research providers, including SPARROW (catchment hydrology), OVERSEER and SPASMO (nutrient losses), ENSUS (nitrate leaching risk), and a socioeconomic model. These are combined in a GIS framework which allows scenarios of land use to be assessed in a spatial manner. Regional council staff have been trained in its use, and the model is under ongoing development in response to feedback from users. This paper discusses the overall framework of the CLUES model, and discusses in greater depth the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability indicators; Catchment models; Water quality; Economic impacts; Land use change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97166

Integrated development and management of water resources for productive and equitable use in the Indrawati River Basin, Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattarai,   Madhusudan; Pant,   Dhruba; Mishra,   V.S.; Devkota,   Hari; Pun,   Shuku; Kayastha,   R.N.; Molden,   David J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basin development; Water transfer; Water rights; Water supply; Water demand; Water balance; Environmental effects; Social aspects; Development projects; Non-governmental organizations; Villages; Water users associations; Conflict; Farmers; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92699

INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING OF GDP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qi,   Shunrong; Xu,   Lan; Coggins,   Jay S.
Conventional measures of gross domestic product (GDP) fail to account for the effect of economic activity on the environment. Integrated environmental-economic (or 'green') GDP is calculated using a data-envelopment-analysis (DEA) framework. For this purpose a dynamic cross-country technology is specified and estimated. Deriving Green GDP involves subtracting the inner product of the vectors of shadow prices and environmental degradation variables from conventional GDP.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20582

Integrated Hydro-Economic Modelling: Challenges and Experiences in an Australian Catchment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Integrated catchment policies are widely used to manage natural resources in Australian catchments. Integration of environmental processes with socio-economic systems is often difficult due to the limitations of decision support tools. To support assessments of the environmental and economic trade-offs of changes in catchment management, fully integrated models are needed.   This research demonstrates a Bayesian Network (BN) approach to integrating environmental modelling with economic valuation. The model incorporates hydrological, ecological and economic models for the George catchment in Tasmania. Choice experiments were used to elicit information about the non-market costs and benefits of environmental changes. This allows the efficiency of alternative...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Hydro-economic modelling; Integrated catchment modelling; Ecological modelling; Valuation; Bayesian networks; Water quality; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94815

Integrated land use modelling of agri-environmental measures to maintain biodiversity at landscape level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schonhart,   Martin; Schauppenlehner,   Thomas; Schmid,   Erwin.
Integrated land use models (ILM) are increasingly applied tools for the joint assessment of complex economic-environmental farming system interactions. We present an ILM that consists of the crop rotation model CropRota, the bio-physical process model EPIC, and the farm optimization model FAMOS[space]. The ILM is applied to analyze agri-environmental measures to maintain biodiversity in an Austrian landscape. We jointly consider the biodiversity effects of land use intensity (i.e. nitrogen application rates and mowing frequencies) and landscape development (e.g. provision of landscape elements) using a rich indicator set and region specific species-area relationships. The cost-effectiveness of agri-environmental measures in attaining alternative...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Integrated farm land use modeling; Biodiversity indicators; Agri-environmental policy; Landscape elements; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109401

Integrated management of water, forest and land resources in Nepal: Opportunities for improved livelihood
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pant,   Dhruba; Thapa,   Sabita; Singh,   Ashok; Bhattarai,   Madhusudan; Molden,   David J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Forest management; Public policy; Land use; Land tenure; Farm size; Environmental effects; Gender; Women; Equity; Institutions; Conflict; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92405

INTEGRATED MODEL TO PREDICT EUROPEAN LAND USE: CLIMATE CHANGE AND LAND USE IN THE VENICE LAGOON WATERSHED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giupponi,   Carlo; Rosato,   Paolo; Rounsevell,   Mark.
IMPEL (Integrated Model to Predict European Land use) is a research project financed by the European Commission, within the Fourth RTD Framework Programme. The IMPEL project aims to integrate physical and socio-economic models to evaluate the impact of climate change on European land use systems at the regional scale. IMPEL is spatially-distributed, based on a multidisciplinary, modular approach, and comprises: a) a climate module (Euroscen) to down-scale baseline climate data (gridded to 0.5° Lat/Long) and GCM climate change scenario datasets, using a stochastic weather generator; b) a soil and crop module (EuroAccess) to evaluate the soil water balance and crop yields for a wide range of European crops at the scale of soil map units (Evans et al.,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14485

INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT, SOIL FERTILITY AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: CURRENT ISSUES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gruhn,   Peter; Goletti,   Francesco; Yudelman,   Montague.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16236

INTEGRATED NUTRIENT  MANAGEMENT, SOIL FERTILITY AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: CURRENT ISSUES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gruhn,   Peter; Goletti,   Francesco; Yudelman,   Montague.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16366

Integrated Prevention and Control of Invasive Species
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pitafi,   Basharat A.K.; Roumasset,   James A.
An emerging problem for environmental policy is how to design efficient strategies for the prevention and control of invasive species. However, the literature has mostly focused either on pre-introduction prevention or post-introduction control of an invasive. The benefits of prevention cannot be understood or estimated without knowing the costs of post-introduction control. This paper provides an integrated framework where optimal prevention is combined with optimal pest removal.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21062

Integrated Regional Environmental Studies: The Role of Environmental Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53598

Integrated Report of the Project "Stabilization of Upland Agriculture and Rural Development in El Nino Vulnerable Countries"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yokoyama,   Shigeki; Concepcion,   Rogelio N.
The study focuses on the impacts of El Nino-induced abnormal weather on agricultural production and the rural economy in upland areas. By focusing on the development of upland agriculture, this study attempts to contribute to the global campaign of sustainable development and poverty alleviation in rural areas. It focuses on five countries, namely: Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Thailand. These five countries, all located in the most El Nino vulnerable area of south east Asia and the Pacific, are sufficient for analyzing the impacts.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climatic change; Upland areas; Rural development; Plant production; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32715

Integrated Reservoir Management under Stochastic Conditions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Debnath,   Deepayan; Stoecker,   Arthur L.; Boyer,   Tracy A.; Sanders,   Larry D.
Water Management and Planning
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic optimization; Lake levels; Marketed and non-marketed water uses; Non-linear programming; Recreational benefits; Reservoir management; Stochastic inflows; Value of a visitor day; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108178

INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: A MULTICRITERIA APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bazzani,   Guido Maria.
The paper presents the first results of a long term research aimed at producing a decision support system to deal with the integrated solid waste management planning at regional level. In the last years urban waste management has received a strong attention from the public authority in Italy culminating in a new national law, which has priorities such as waste prevention (waste avoidance and reduction) reuse and recycling. Italian Legislation requires to consider not only a series of waste management options aimed at source reduction but also to integrate the environmental soundness with economical viability and social equity. To support this integrated solid waste management it is necessary to ascertain the environmental, economic and social impacts...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14492

Integrated watershed economic model for non-point source pollution management in the Upper Big Walnut Creek watershed, OH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Surendran Nair,   Sujithkumar; Sohngen,   Brent; King,   Kevin W.; Fausey,   Norman R.; Witter,   Jonathan D.; Southgate,   Douglas.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61906

Integrating biofuels into the DART model: Analysing the effects of the EU 10% biofuel target
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kretschmer,   Bettina; Peterson,   Sonja; Ignaciuk,   Adriana M.
Biofuels and other forms of bioenergy have received increased attention in recent times: They have partly been acclaimed as an instrument to contribute to rural development, energy security and to fight global warming but have been increasingly come under attack for their potential to contribute to rising food prices. It has thus become clear that bioenergy cannot be evaluated independently of the rest of the economy and that national and international feedback effects are important. In this paper we describe how the CGE model DART is extended to include first-generation biofuel production technologies. DART can now be used to assess the efficiency of combined climate and bioenergy policies. As a first example the effects of a 10% biofuel target in the EU...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; CGE model; EU climate policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53253

Integrating ecological and economic aspects in land use concepts for agricultural landscapes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahrens,   Heinz; Kantelhardt,   Jochen.
Especially in environmentally sensitive agricultural landscapes, agriculture cannot define its aims by itself - it has to account for a number of demands of different groups of society. For example, agriculture is expected to produce food and at the same time contribute to the protection of cultural landscapes and to further ecological services. Land use concepts for ecologically particularly sensitive agricultural landscapes are often focussed on the attainment of specific environmental objectives in specific areas, neglecting both socioeconomic effects, in particular income effects, and the farmers' income-driven production responses outside these areas. The paper illustrates, on the basis of an empirical study, (1) that the farmers' objectives and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural landscapes; Land-use concepts; Multi-criteria decision analysis; Land Economics/Use; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96735

Integrating Environmental Protection and North American Free Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Emerson,   Peter M.; Nessman,   Alan C.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) represents significant developments in both regional trade liberalisation and environmental protection. Pre-agreement negotiations offered non-government organisations (NGOs) considerable opportunity to reduce areas of potential conflict between these two objectives. The Agreement deals with both boundary problems and common standards without dictating uniformity of standards or impinging greatly on each nation's sovereign control over matters within its own borders. The introduction of this practical strategy into the international trade arena could be the most significant feature of the NAFTA in shaping future regional and international trade negotiations.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12333

Integrating Flood Management and Agri-Environment through Washland Creation in the UK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morris,   Joe; Bailey,   Alison P.; Alsop,   D.; Vivash,   R.; Lawson,   C.; Leeds-Harrison,   P.B.
In many river floodplains in the UK there has been a long history of flood defence, land reclamation and water regime management for farming. In recent years, changing policies with respect to farming, environment and flood management is encouraging a re-appraisal of land use in rural areas. In particular, there is scope to develop, through the use of appropriate promotional mechanisms, washland areas which will simultaneously accommodate winter inundation, support extensive farming methods, deliver environmental benefits, and do this in a way which can underpin the rural economy. This paper explores the feasibility of flood storage and washland creation, the likely economic impacts of this type of development, and the financial and institutional...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24397

Integrating Invasive Species Prevention and Control Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Livingston,   Michael J.; Osteen,   Craig D.
Programs and policies to minimize the threat of, or mitigate the damages from, invasive species work best if designed in concert with each other. Whether program emphasis should be on prevention or control depends on the biological characteristics and size of the invasive species population, ecological characteristics of invaded ecosystems, the cost and efficacy of prevention measures relative to control measures, and the level of prevention costs borne abroad. Because all of these factors are highly variable, data needs are constant if intervention is to be both effective and economical.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural economics; Invasive species; Management programs; Pests; Plant diseases; Foreign pests; Trade; Production; ERS; USDA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58991

Integrating Small Scale Farmers into Bread Wheat Marketing Chain through Contract Farming in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Getaneh,   Wubalem; Bekabil,   Fufa.
The treatment effect censored regression model results of this study showed that educational level, value of agricultural equipment and number of oxen owned affected the participation decisions of the farmers in bread wheat contract farming significantly. The most important factors that determine gross margin obtained from bread wheat production were contract farming experience, the number of oxen owned and participation in contract farming. However, technical efficiency differences and management practices followed were not the reasons for differences in gross margin between the participant and non-participant farmers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contract farming participation; Gross margin and Treatment effect model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52101

INTEGRATING SUSTAINABILITY IN AGRICULTURE - TRADE-OFFS AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES DEMONSTRATED WITH A FARM MODEL IN BAVARIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meyer-Aurich,   Andreas; Matthes,   Ulrich; Osinski,   Elisabeth.
Within the German "Research Alliance on Agroecosystems Munich" (Forschungsverbund Agrarökosysteme München, FAM) optimal land use strategies are investigated since 1990 in terms of minimization of environmental impacts and maximization of profit from agricultural lands (Auerswald et al. 2000). For this purpose a conventional agricultural land use system was converted into two more sustainable forms of land use. One part of the farm was converted into an integrated land use system with reduced tillage, direct seeding methods and catch crops to minimize nutrient losses and to prevent soil erosion hazards. The other part of the farm was converted into a biological land use system with the omission of mineral fertilizers and pesticides and the enrichment of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20563

Integrating Wind Power in Electricity Grids: An Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Jia; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Pitt,   Lawrence.
As a renewable energy source, wind power is gaining popularity as a favoured alternative to fossil fuel, nuclear and hydro power generation. In Europe, countries are required to achieve 15% of their energy consumption from wind by 2010 as the EU strives to meet its Kyoto obligations. Wind power is considered to be environmentally friendly and low cost. While environmental friendliness has come under scrutiny because wind turbines continue to pose a hazard to birds, are visually unappealing, affect the uses of land and change air flows, the purpose of this paper is to examine the question of its presumed low cost and effectiveness at reducing CO2 emissions by replacing power generated from fossil fuels. To do so, we develop a mathematical programming model...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Renewable energy; Wind and nuclear power; Economics of power generation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; Q40; Q54; Q55.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37010

Integration of all FSSIM components within SEAMLESS-IF and a stand alone Graphical User Interface for FSSIM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Janssen,   Sander J.C.; van Ittersum,   Martin K.; Louhichi,   Kamel; Kanellopoulos,   Argyris; Meuter,   Eelco; Hengsdijk,   Huib; Zander,   Peter; Thorne,   Peter J.; Flichman,   Guillermo; Blanco Fonseca,   Maria; Borkowski,   Nina; Hecker,   Martin; Stokstad,   Grete; Romstad,   Eirik; Berentsen,   Paul B.M.; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.; van Keulen,   Herman; Thornton,   Philip K.; Li,   Hongtao; Rizzoli,   Andrea E.; Heckelei,   Thomas.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57790

Integration-Valuation Nexus in Invasive Species Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shogren,   Jason F.; Finnoff,   David C.; McIntosh,   Christopher R.; Settle,   Chad.
This paper reviews recent work examining two topics of economic research vital for invasive species policy-integration and valuation. Integration requires bioeconomic models that blend invasive biology with economic circumstances and the feedback loops between the two systems. Valuation requires nonmarket valuation associated with human and environmental damages posed by invasive species. We argue for a second-level of integration in invasive species economics-valuation based on integration models. Policy prescriptions based on integration models need valuation work; valuation surveys need integration models-the two are complements. Valuation could be enhanced with integration in mind; integration could be made better with valuation in mind. An example...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Integrated economic-ecological modeling; Nonmarket valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10183

Intensifying agricultural sustainability: An analysis of impacts and drivers in the development of ‘bright spots’
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Noble,   Andrew D.; Bossio,   Deborah A.; Penning de Vries,   Frits W.T.; Pretty,   Jules N.; Thiyagarajan,   T.M.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Farming systems; Sustainable agriculture; Productivity; Investment; Thailand; Palestine; Latin America; Africa; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91818

Interaction Between Food Attributes in Markets: The Case of Environmental Labeling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grolleau,   Gilles; Caswell,   Julie A.
Some consumers derive utility from using products produced with specific processes, such as environmentally friendly practices. Means of verifying these credence attributes, such as certification, are necessary for the market to function effectively. A substitute or complementary solution may exist when consumers perceive a relationship between a process attribute and other verifiable product attributes. We present a model where the level of search and experience attributes influences the likelihood of production of eco-friendly products. Our results suggest that the market success of eco-friendly food products requires a mix of environmental and other verifiable attributes that together signal credibility.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14536

Interactions between State and Federal Climate Change Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goulder,   Lawrence H.; Stavins,   Robert N.
Federal action addressing climate change is likely to emerge either through new legislation or via the U.S. EPA’s authority under the Clean Air Act.  The prospect of federal action raises important questions regarding the interconnections between federal efforts and state-level climate policy developments.  In the presence of federal policies, to what extent will state efforts be cost-effective?  How does the co-existence of state- and federal-level policies affect the ability of state efforts to achieve emissions reductions? This paper addresses these questions.  We find that state-level policy in the presence of a federal policy can be beneficial or problematic, depending on the nature of the overlap between the two systems, the relative stringency of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global Climate Change; Federalism; Cap-And-Trade; Carbon Tax; Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; H110; H770; K320; L510; Q480; Q540.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93413

Interaktive Programmierungsansätze für die Gestaltung von Agrar- und Umweltprogrammen
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirschke,   Dieter; Jechlitschka,   Kurt.
Planning agricultural and environmental programmes has become a complex task. In this paper we show how interactive programming can help to solve such complex policy decision-making problems. The basic linear programming model is implemented with Excel. We show, for a hypothetical agricultural and environmental programme, how the approach can be used in an interactive way between scientists and policy decision-makers. The approach allows to visually demonstrate and quickly assess the consequences of changing assumptions and framework conditions on the programme design. It could effectively improve the quality of policy decision-making support; it requires the actors’ willingness, of course, to engage in a real dialogue.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and environmental programmes; EU agricultural policy; Decision-making support; Linear programming; Policy support; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98361

INTER-COUNTY DIFFERENCES IN COST OF COMPLAINCE WITH MICHIGAN'S SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaston,   Julie Ann.
Waste generation is a natural and expected outcome of productive activity.  Waste is produced, much like any other commodity, although rather than considering waster as a "good" where more is preferred to less, we would tend to consider waste as a 'bad' - less is preferred to more.  However, it is also true that waste supply is an increasing function of production and that is we prefer more consumption to less, we must accept the production of more waste.  The point here is that waste disposal is a cost which in aggregate increases with the demand for productive activity;  it is a cost which is assigned to both producers and consumers in the form of a trash removal fee.  However, as a cost of production, one would expect that disposal fees are passed on to...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11106

Interest Groups and Efficient Design of the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dutschke,   Michael; Michaelowa,   Axel.
The implementation of activities aimed to mitigate global greenhouse gas emissions is more cost-efficient in developing countries than in most of the industrialized world. A Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is to assure that the interests of all parties implicated in Joint Implementation between industrialized and developing countries be equally represented. This mechanism was decided upon on the Kyoto Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change, but no provisions on the construction of the CDM were taken. The authors propose it to take the form of a clearinghouse and a project fund. In the light of game-theoretical analysis and practical experience collected during the pilot phase for Activities Implemented Jointly which...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26135

Interfuel Substitution: A Meta-Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stern,   David I.
Interfuel substitutability has been of longstanding interest to energy economists and policy makers. However, there has been no quantitative meta-analysis of this literature.   This research report fills this gap by analysing a broad sample of studies of interfuel substitution in the industrial sector, manufacturing industry or sub-industries, and macro-economy of a variety of developed and developing economies. The primary study sample size has been included in the meta-regression to control for publication bias.   At the industrial level, results for the shadow elasticities of substitution between coal, oil, gas, and electricity for forty-six primary studies show that, except for gas-electricity and coal-electricity, there are easy substitution...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Meta-analysis; Energy; Substitution; Elasticity; Interfuel; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D24; Q40.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94882

INTERGOVERNMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR DEALING WITH POLLUTION PROBLEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hammond,   Leigh H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30502

International Competition and Environmental Expenditures: Empirical Evidence from Indonesian Manufacturing Plants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaiser,   Kai; Schulze,   Gunther G.
This paper analyzes environmental expenditures in Indonesia - a significant newly industrializing economy - reported at the plant level comprising all 23 thousand manufacturing establishments with more than 20 employees. Since compliance is barely enforced, pollution abatement expenditures are effectively voluntary in nature. This allows us to test whether foreign owned firms expend more due to a technology that adheres to stricter Western standards or whether the predominant effect is that both foreign and domestic exporting companies are more environmentally conscious due to better technology transfer or green consumerism in the Western countries. If so, this would contradict conventional wisdom that environmental expenditures reduce competitiveness and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulation; Competitiveness; Multinational enterprises; Green consumerism; Export performance; Indonesia; Environmental Economics and Policy; F1; Q1.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26255

International Competitiveness and Environmental Regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babool,   Md. Ashfaqul Islam; Reed,   Michael R.
This study follows the standard factor endowment approach to explain the effects of environmental regulations on net exports in different product-based industries. It constructs an econometric model which includes factor endowments and environmental regulations to examine how strict environmental policy impact export competitiveness. Cross-sectional and time series (panel) data for 6 countries and 17 years were used in this model. In this study, capital services increase net exports in labor-intensive industries like textiles, textile products, leather and footwear industries. The effects of increased labor intensity in food, textiles and machinery is higher than for other capital intensive good industries. The environmental regulation imposed in textile,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19496

International Cooperation on Climate Change Adaptation from an Economic Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Bruin,   Kelly C.; Dellink,   Rob B.; Tol,   Richard S.J.
This paper investigates the economic incentives of countries to cooperate on international adaptation financing. Adaptation is generally implicitly incorporated in the climate change damage functions as used in Integrated Assessment Models. We replace the implicit decision on adaptation with explicit adaptation in a multi-regional setting by using an adjusted RICE model. We show that making adaptation explicit will not affect the optimal mitigation path when adaptation is set at its optimal level. Sub-optimal adaptation will, however, change the optimal mitigation path. Furthermore this paper studies for different forms of cooperation what effects international adaptation transfers will have on (i) domestic adaptation and (ii) the optimal mitigation path....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Adaptation Funding; Integrated Assessment Modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; H41; Q4; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90949

International Dairy Notes, September 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
Reform of EU Dairy Policies--Implications for U.S. and World Dairy Markets
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: E.U. Dairy Policies; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37684

International Emission Strategies under the Threat of a Sudden Jump in Damages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nkuiya,   Bruno.
We characterize the equilibrium level of emissions, the equilibrium stock of global pollution and the discounted net social welfare for both the cooperative and non-cooperative equilibria when the countries face the threat of a sudden irreversible jump in the global damages at an unknown date. The goal is to analyze the impact of this type of uncertainty on the equilibrium behavior of the countries. We find that it can have a significant effect on those equilibria. Countries reduce their emissions to mitigate their exposure to this threat. As the level of threat rises, countries adjust their emissions to lower the stock of pollutant. However, although initially this threat has the effect of lowering the discounted net welfare, it can in the long run have a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global pollution; Environmental uncertainty; Regime shift; Stochastic differential games; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C7; D81; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117826

International Energy R&amp;D Spillovers and the Economics of Greenhouse Gas Atmospheric Stabilization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Massetti,   Emanuele; Tavoni,   Massimo.
It is widely recognized that technological change has the potential to reduce GHG emissions without compromising economic growth; hence, any better understanding of the process of technological innovation is likely to increase our knowledge of mitigation possibilities and costs. This paper explores how international knowledge flows affect the dynamics of the domestic R&amp;D sector and the main economic and environmental variables. The analysis is performed using WITCH, a dynamic regional model of the world economy, in which energy technical change is endogenous. The focus is on disembodied energy R&amp;D international spillovers. The knowledge pool from which regions draw foreign ideas differs between High Income and Low Income countries. Absorption...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Energy R&amp;D; International R&amp;D Spillovers; Stabilization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H0; H2; H3.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8217

International Environmental Agreements: Emissions trade, safety valves and escape clauses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhao,   Jinhua.
We explain how the structure of multi-national or multi-regional environmental agreements affect their chance of success. Trade in emissions permits has ambiguous and in some cases surprising effects on both the equilibrium level of abatement, and on the ability to persuade nations or regions to participate in environmental agreements. An escape clause policy and a safety valve policy have essentially the same properties when membership in environmental agreement is pre-determined, but they create markedly different effects on the incentives to join such an agreement. The two policies lead to a qualitative difference in the leverage that a potential member of the agreement exercises on other members.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kyoto Protocol; Escape clause; Emissions trade; Cost uncertainty; Participation game; International Environmental Agreement; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; C72; H4; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51611

International Environmental Agreements in the Presence of Adaptation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marrouch,   Walid; Chaudhuri,   Amrita Ray.
We show that adaptive measures undertaken by countries in the face of climate change, apart from directly reducing the damage caused by climate change, may also indirectly mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the stable size of international agreements on emission reductions. Moreover, we show that the more effective the adaptive measure in terms of reducing the marginal damage from emissions, the larger the stable size of the international environmental agreement. In addition, we show that larger coalitions, in the presence of adaptation, may lead to lower global emission levels and higher welfare.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Environmental Agreements; Adaptation; Coalition Formation; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q59.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102572

International Environmental Agreements under Uncertainty: Does the Veil of Uncertainty Help?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Finus,   Michael; Pintassilgo,   Pedro.
Na and Shin (1998) showed that the veil of uncertainty can be conducive to the success of self-enforcing international environmental agreements. Later papers confirmed this negative conclusion about the role of learning. In the light of intensified research efforts worldwide to reduce uncertainty about the environmental impact of emissions and the cost of reducing them, this conclusion is intriguing. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, we analyze whether the result carries over to a more general setting without restriction on the number of players and which considers not only no and full learning but also partial learning. Second, we test whether the conclusion also holds if there is uncertainty about abatement costs instead of uncertainty about...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Transnational Cooperation; Self-enforcing International Environmental Agreements; Uncertainty; Learning; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; D62; D81; H41; Q20.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91655

International environmental agreements with mixed strategies and investment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hong,   Fuhsai; Karp,   Larry S.
We modify a canonical participation game used to study International Environmental Agreements (IEA), considering both mixed and pure strategies at the participation stage, and including a prior cost-reducing investment stage. The use of mixed strategies at the participation stage reverses a familiar result and also reverses the policy implication of that result: with mixed strategies, equilibrium participation and welfare is higher in equilibria that involve higher investment.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: International Environmental Agreement; Climate agreement; Participation game; Investment; Mixed strategy; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; H4; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123719

INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC GOODS, EXPORT SUBSIDES AND THE HARMONIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13840

International Public Goods, Export Subsidies, and the Harmonization of Environmental Regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50876

International Technology Spillovers in Climate-Economy Models: Two Possible Approaches
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: De Cian,   Enrica.
This paper analyzes two possible methodologies of modeling international technology spillovers in a climate-economy CGE model. Technological change, by affecting productivity, energy and carbon intensity, eventually influences the amount of CO2 emissions, the costs and the timing of the policies targeted at their reduction. Technological change is here defined so as to include also the diffusion and adoption phase. In an increasingly integrated world, new products and technologies developed in one region will eventually diffuse internationally. The two approaches described in this paper are based on two mechanisms used to model technological change in climate models: learning curves, total factor productivity and the autonomous energy efficient improvement...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12040

International Trade and Air Pollution: The Economic Costs of Air Emissions from Waterborne Commerce Vessels in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Robin; Gallagher,   Kevin P.
Although there is a burgeoning literature on the effects of international trade on the environment, relatively little work has been done on where trade most directly effects the environment: the transportation sector. This article shows how international trade is affecting criteria air pollution emissions in the United States' shipping sector. Recent work has shown that cargo ships have been long overlooked regarding their contribution to air pollution. Indeed, ship emissions have recently been deemed "the last unregulated source of traditional air pollutants." Air pollution from ships has a number of significant local, national, and global environmental effects. Building on past studies, we examine the economic costs of this increasing and unregulated...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15594

Interoperability of Knowledge Units in Plant Protection: Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berankova,   Martina; Houska,   Milan; Kvasnicka,   Roman.
In this work, we provide two case studies on interoperability and transfer of knowledge in the environment of a company dealing with plant protection. We find that the area of plant protection is highly oriented on working with knowledge. In this case interoperability of knowledge can play an important role in acquiring knowledge from different environments to solve specific problem in companies dealing with plant protection. Nevertheless, the concept of interoperability is well-developed on the level of data and information only. We stem from our previous works, where we defined a logical concept for the interoperability of knowledge on the level of knowledge units. The objective of this work is to show how to apply our process model of knowledge...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Interoperability; Knowledge transfer; Plant protection; Knowledge unit; Process model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99226

Interpreting Sustainability in Economic Terms: Dynamic Efficiency Plus Intergenerational Equity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.; Wagner,   Alexander F.; Wagner,   Gernot.
Economists have expended considerable effort to develop economically meaningful definitions of the somewhat elusive concept of "sustainability." We relate such a definition of sustainability to well known concepts from neoclassical economics, in particular, potential Pareto improvements (in the Kaldor-Hicks sense) and interpersonal compensation. In the inter-temporal realm, we find that dynamic efficiency is a necessary but not sufficient condition for a notion of sustainability that has normative standing as a goal for public policy. We define sustainability as dynamic efficiency plus intergenerational equity. Further, we argue that it is not unreasonable for economists to focus on the efficiency element, leaving equity considerations to the political...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10810

INTER-SECTORAL COMPETITION FOR WATER ALLOCATION IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA: ANALYSING A CASE STUDY THROUGH A STANDARD ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farolfi,   Stefano; Perret,   Sylvain R.
South Africa has adopted an ambitious new water legislation that promotes equity, sustainability, representativity and economic performance through water management decentralization, new local and regional management institutions, water users' licensing, and the possible emergence of water rights' markets. This paper addresses the diversity of water users and uses that currently exists in rural areas, and especially focuses on the competition for water that may result from such a diversity in a context of water scarcity, and from the diversity of objectives formulated by the public authorities.  The paper first briefly describes the current institutional arrangements regarding access to water.  It also presents the situation in rural areas where farming...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18026

Interstate Differences in the Cost of Complying With Feedlot Environmental Regulations: an Initial Investigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ridley,   Emma J.H.; Morison,   Julian B.; Griffith,   Garry R.
Environmental regulations impose construction and recurring costs on Australian feedlot operators. However to date there has been no published empirical information on these costs of environmental regulation. Additionally, variations in regulations between states and inconsistencies in the application of these regulations may have resulted in a pattern of location different from that dictated by least cost grain and feeder cattle inputs and processing and transportation services. The aim of this study was to attempt to measure the cost of complying with environmental regulations by large commercial feedlots in different Australian states. From data provided from a survey of 20 commercial feedlots it was found that the average cost of complying with these...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12396

Inter-Temporal Impacts of Technological Interventions of Watershed Development Programme on Household Welfare, Soil Erosion and Nutrient Flow in Semi-Arid India: An Integrated Bioeconomic Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swamikannu,   Nedumaran.
A dynamic and non-linear bioeconomic model, incorporating both economic and biophysical aspects was developed for a micro-watershed to assess the impact of key watershed management technological interventions (like HYVs and soil and water conservation structures) on social well being of rural poor and condition of natural resource base. The simulation results revealed that productivity enhancing technologies of dryland crops has increased the income for all the farm household groups and also provided incentive to farmers for conserving land resulted in less soil erosion and the nutrient mining in the watershed. The increase in the irrigated area in the watershed has improved the income of the household by cultivating more area under high value irrigated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic model; Watershed development; Productivity enhancing technologies; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50785

Inter-Temporal Investment in Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Weiwei; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Currently, different dimensions of mitigation strategies have been investigated in policy analysis. However, ambitious mitigation action aiming at reducing future climate change will not prevent much climate change before mid-century. Short-term and medium-term temperature as well as associated damages cannot be avoided completely.  Increasingly there appears to be recognition of the need to simultaneously implement adaptation and mitigation. However, the optimal combination between adaptation and mitigation that can best address climate change over time is still an open question. Literature base is rather small, yet very diverse and inconsistent in conclusions. In this paper, we do an exploration of the temporal optimal investment mix between adaptation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change Damages; Adaptation; Mitigation; Temporal Investment; Integrated Assessment Model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103408

INTERTEMPORAL PERMIT TRADING FOR STOCK POLLUTANTS WITH UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tarui,   Nori.
This paper explores the efficiency of tradable permit markets for stock pollutants. With uncertainty about the future stock level or damages, a market with banking and borrowing is inferior, in terms of efficiency, compared to a market without banking and borrowing if the regulator commits to an initial allocation of permits. This result occurs because, with banking and borrowing and commitment, the regulator needs to specify the total allowable amount of emission over time at the initial time period before the uncertainty with the pollution stock is resolved. An alternative banking and borrowing scheme is proposed, where the regulator can update the allocation of permits to firms over time and achieve the efficient pollution accumulation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25); Q25.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19752

INTERTEMPORAL PERMIT TRADING FOR STOCK POLLUTANTS WITH UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tarui,   Nori.
This paper explores the efficiency of tradable permit markets for stock pollutants.  With uncertainty about the future stock level or damages, a market with banking and borrowing is inferior, in terms of efficiency, compared to a market without banking and borrowing if the regulator commits to an initial allocation of permits.  This result occurs because, with banking and borrowing and commitment, the regulator needs to specify the total allowable amount of emission over time at the initial time period before the uncertainty with the pollution stock is resolved.  An alternative banking and borrowing scheme is proposed, where the regulator can update the allocation of permits to firms over time and achieve the efficient pollution accumulation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14431

Intervention in Agricultural Systems that Provide Positive Environmental Externalities: an Evaluation of Alternative Instruments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Atance Muniz,   Ignacio; Bardaji,   Isabel; Tio,   Carlos.
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) intervenes in most agricultural systems that provide positive environmental externalities using both direct payments and agrienvironmental schemes. In this context, the objective of this paper is to compare the efficiency of the current intervention system versus intervening using agri-environmental payments as a sole instrument. The cereal steppes agroecosystem of Tierra de Campos (Valladolid, Spain) has been selected to develop this comparison. A farm survey and a Positive Mathematical Programming Model have been combined to provide results of both alternative instruments. The farm survey was used to ask the farmers their payments demands to participate in the alternative instrument, supplying also qualitative...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP; Agri-environmental schemes; Policy instruments evaluation; Farm surveys; Positive Mathematical Programming; Cereal steppes; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24810

INTERVIEWER EFFECTS ON THE VALUATION OF GOODS WITH ETHICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loureiro,   Maria L.; Lotade-Manje,   Justus.
This paper investigates the impact of interviewer effects on willingness to pay (WTP) estimates.  Face-to-face surveys were conducted with two interviewers.  Both interviewers used a transcript and conducted the survey at the same location and at same time.  We found that responses to the WTP questions differ across eco-labeled products and by interviewer.  This interviewer effect is particularly relevant when we analyze the impact on WTP estimates for eco-labeled products grown in countries associated with the origin of one of the interviewers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22014

Interviews with Ground Water Experts in Twenty Regulated Riparian States: Selected Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Branch,   Marian.
Michigan, like many other states, is concerned that current ground water regulations are not adequate for addressing increasing demands placed upon the state’s aquifers and is currently revising its ground water policies. In order to identify components of effective ground water policies, we interviewed (via telephone) 70 ground water experts in 20 regulated riparian states which have a history of managing ground water within a riparian doctrine. Our respondents were from agencies, extension, universities, water resource institutes, and special interest groups, as well as legislators. Our sample includes experts who were involved in policy design as well as experts who work with ground water regulations on a daily basis. The questions in our...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Riparian groundwater policy; Interview groundwater experts; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics; Q25 - Water; Q28 - Government Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44813

Intraindustry Trade and the Environment: Is There a Selection Effect?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aralas,   Sarma B.; Hoehn,   John P.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/06/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environment; Trade; Monopolistic Competition; Selection effect; Environmental quality; Panel data; OECD; Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q56; Q51; Q53; Q58; F12; F18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61367

Intra-Industry Trade, Multilateral Trade Integration, and Invasive Species Risk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tu,   Anh Thuy; Beghin,   John C.
We analyze the linkage between protectionism and invasive species (IS) hazard in the context of two-way trade and multilateral trade integration, two major features of real-world agricultural trade. Multilateral integration includes the joint reduction of tariffs and trade costs among trading partners. Multilateral trade integration is more likely to increase damages from IS than predicted by unilateral trade opening under the classic Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson (HOS) framework because domestic production (the base susceptible to damages) is likely to increase with expanding  export markets. A country integrating its trade with a partner characterized by relatively higher tariff and trade costs is also more likely to experience increased IS damages via...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exotic pest; Intra-industry trade; Invasive species; Liberalization; Trade cost; Trade integration; Trade protection; Two-way trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18505

Intra-regional Wealth-Deforestation Relationships in the Brazilian Pantanal: An Examination of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seidl,   Andrew F.
This paper provides an examination of the EKC Hypothesis applied to deforestation in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland. It is hypothesized that the unsustainable subdivision of many of the larger ranches due to inheritance may result in greater deforestation pressure than a less equal distribution of land and animal resources. The analysis advances understanding in this area on several dimensions: an intra-regional rather than international approach is examined; deforestation is addressed; and land and cattle wealth serve as proxies for income and wealth among agriculturists, where income measures are notoriously poor indicators of welfare.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36073

Introduction: Benefits and Costs of Natural Resources Policies Affecting Public and Private Lands: USDA W2133 Regional Research Project Legacy and Current Contributions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaplowitz,   Michael D.; Bergstrom,   John C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59322

Introduction of Rural Ecological Environment and Circular Economy Development Mode of Eco-agriculture and Forestry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Su,   Jianlan; Lin,   Shiwen; Liu,   Na.
Major causes of ecological environment situation and rural environment issues in the construction of new socialist countryside in China are analyzed. Two necessities of introducing circular economy development mode of eco-agriculture and forestry into the construction of new socialist countryside are expatiated. One is the needs of the rural eco-environmental situation, and the other is to realize the fundamental change of agricultural growth mode. Specific characteristics, existing foundation and current resistance of the circular economy of eco-agriculture and forestry are studied. Major principles in introducing circular economy mode of eco-agriculture and forestry into the construction of new socialist countryside are presented. Support system for...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Ecological environment; Circular economy; Development; Introduction; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58485

Introduction to the Political Economy of Environmental Regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
This paper introduces a volume of collected papers on the political economy of environmental regulation: economic analyses of the processes through which political decisions regarding environmental regulation are made, principally in the institutional context found in the United States. Despite this geographic focus, many of the papers contain analytical models that are methodologically of interest and/or have lessons that are relevant in other parts of the world. In the environmental realm, questions of political economy emerge along three fundamental dimensions, which are closely interrelated but conceptually distinct: (1) the degree of government activity; (2) the form of government activity; and (3) the level of government that has responsibility. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10876

Invention and Transfer of Climate Change Mitigation Technologies on a Global Scale: A Study Drawing on Patent Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dechezlepretre,   Antoine; Glachant,   Matthieu; Hascic,   Ivan; Johnstone,   Nick; Meniere,   Yann.
Accelerating the development of less GHG intensive technologies and promoting their global diffusion - in particular in fast-growing emerging economies - is imperative in achieving the transition to a low-carbon economy. Consequently, technology is at the core of current discussions about the post-Kyoto regime. The purpose of this study is to fuel this discussion by providing an in-depth analysis of the geographic distribution of climate mitigation inventions since 1978 and their international diffusion on a global scale. We use the EPO/OECD World Patent Statistical Database (PATSTAT) which includes patents from 81 national and international patent offices. Note that the Least Developed Countries patent a negligible number of inventions, meaning that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Mitigation Technologies; Patent Data; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54361

Inventory and Methodology for Assessing the Impacts of Environmental Regulations in the Agricultural Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nolet,   Jean; Sauve,   Claude; Geoffroy,   Amelie; Sanchez,   Richard.
There is a growing concern about the impact and effectiveness of environmental regulations, specifically impact on the competitiveness of primary agriculture.  The objective of this report is to discuss different methodologies and assessment criteria for the evaluation of the impacts of environmental regulations in the agricultural sector; to identify the relevant environmental regulations administered at the federal, provincial and local levels; and an analytical framework to evaluate the future role of regulations and other policy instruments in achieving the desired social, environmental and economic outcomes. This study is a foundation piece for later phases of multi-year research project to develop strategic environmental policy for sustainable...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental issues; Competitiveness of primary agriculture; SMART Regulation; Agri-environmental regulations; Environmental regulatory constraints; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53770

Inventory of water storage types in the Blue Nile and Volta River Basins
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnston,   Robyn M.; McCartney,   Matthew P.
For agriculture there is a continuum of water storage options, ranging from groundwater aquifers, soil water, natural wetlands and small ponds and tanks to large reservoirs. In any situation each of these has its own niche in terms of technical feasibility, socioeconomic sustainability and impact on public health and the environment. Planning storage requires insight into impending needs and also a good understanding of what already exists and what was, and was not, successful, in the past. This report provides an inventory of existing and prospective water storage in the Ghanaian Volta and the Ethiopian Blue Nile basins. It provides as much quantitative data as possible, but highlights both the dearth of readily available information and the lack of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water storage; River basins; Reservoirs; Ponds; Tanks; Groundwater; Soil moisture; Wetlands; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113608

Investigating Distance Effects on Environmental Values: A Choice Modelling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Concu,   Giovanni B.
This paper describes a Choice Modelling experiment set up to investigate the relationship between distance and willingness to pay for environmental quality changes. The issue is important for the estimation and transfer of benefits. The Choice Modelling experiment allows testing distance effects on parameters of environmental attributes that imply different trade-offs between use and non-use values. The sampling procedure is designed to provide a "geographically balanced" sample. Several specifications of the distance covariate are compared and distance effects are shown to take complex shapes. Welfare analysis shows that disregarding distance produces under-estimation of individual and aggregated benefits and losses, seriously hindering the reliability of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Aggregation; Choice Modelling; Distance; Geographical Sampling; Specification Tests; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; H4; D6.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25566

Investigating distance effects on environmental values: a choice modelling approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Concu,   Giovanni B.
Analysis of the relationship between distance and willingness to pay (WTP) is important for estimation and transfer of environmental benefits. Several contingent valuation (CV) studies have investigated this topic, but results are mixed. This paper describes a choice modelling (CM) application that estimates distance effects on parameters of three environmental attributes. Combinations of these attributes create different management policies for native vegetation. The CM study is based on a sampling procedure that provides a geographically balanced sample and statistical tests to choose the best specification of the distance–WTP relationship. Welfare analysis shows that disregarding distance causes under-estimation of individual and aggregated benefits and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Geographical distance; Spatial heterogeneity; Stratified sample; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118326

Investigating linkages between economic growth, energy consumption and pollutant emissions in Tunisia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chebbi,   Houssem Eddine.
The aim of this study is to understand long and short-run linkages between economic growth, energy consumption and carbon emission using Tunisian data over the period 1971-2004. Cointegration procedure is used to analyze the time series properties of the series and error-correction terms were considered to test for the direction of Granger causality. Statistical findings indicate that economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emission are related in the long-run and provide some evidence of inefficient use of energy in Tunisia, since environmental pressure tends to rise faster than economic growth. The short-run analysis, provide support for causality running from CO2 emissions growth to output growth, both in the short-run and the long-run. The results...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pollutant emissions; Economic growth; Cointegration; Causality; Tunisia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50944

INVESTIGATING PREFERENCES FOR ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY PRODUCTION PRACTICES: TASTE SEGMENTS FOR ORGANIC AND INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT IN ITALIAN HOUSEHOLDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scarpa,   Riccardo; Spalatro,   Fiorenza; Canavari,   Maurizio.
This paper reports some preliminary results on a mixed logit random utility analysis of conjoint data from costumers' preferences over agricultural products. The data are collected via a telematic sample representative of Italian households. The survey instrument was implemented via a computer supported system. A multivariate normal full correlation structure is imposed in the mixed logit estimation and the implications of such a taste structure are examined.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14467

Investigating the Effects of Attribute Level Framing and Changing Cost Levels in Choice Experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Choice experiments (CE) are increasingly used to estimate the values of non-market goods and services. A cost attribute is typically included in a CE questionnaire to estimate monetary values for changes in the non-market attributes presented. Although the cost attribute is centrally important, there has been limited research into the impacts of varying cost attribute levels on respondents’ choices in CE surveys. The context in which non-market attributes are presented to respondents (the ‘attribute frame’) may also affect value estimates. The challenge for CE practitioners is to identify the ‘appropriate’ attribute frames and cost level range.   Results from a CE study in Tasmania show that respondents’ preferences are not impacted by describing an...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice experiments; Mixed Logit models; Environmental valuation; Attribute framing; Cost bias; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94817

Investigating the performance of market-based instruments for resource conservation: the contribution of agent-based modelling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hailu,   Atakelty; Schilizzi,   Steven.
Auctions are increasingly being considered as a mechanism for allocating conservation contracts to private landowners. This interest is based on the widely held belief that competitive bidding helps minimize information rents. This study constructs an agent-based model to evaluate the long term performance of conservation auctions under settings where bidders are allowed to learn from previous outcomes. The results clearly indicate that the efficiency benefits of one-shot auctions are quickly eroded under dynamic settings. Furthermore, the auction mechanism is found to be inferior to fixed payment schemes except when the latter involve the use of high reserve prices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57883

INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN YIELD RISK AND AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   Ronald A.; Clark,   Nathan; Skees,   Jerry R.
Crop insurance provides risk reduction benefits yet may increase planted acres in risky areas. This paper investigates the relationship between environmental quality and crop insurance induced changes in cropping pattern. Results suggest that yield risk and soil erosion are positively correlated for the majority of acreage in the study area.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21984

Investigation of the factors influencing adoption of GM crops at country level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hall,   Clare; Toma,   Luiza; Moran,   Dominic.
With the possible exception of nuclear technology, few scientific breakthroughs have generated the level of emotive debate that has surrounded the roll-out of agricultural biotechnology. Initial discussion about the environmental impacts of agricultural genetic modification, are now frequently juxtaposed with counter-claims that the technologies could actually be part of a wider global environmental solution in relation to climate change mitigation and food shortages. This study tests whether there are any consistent messages on why some countries seem to be advancing adoption of the technology, while others are not. We consider the range of claims in existing literature on adoption tendencies and then use structural equation modelling to test and estimate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified crops; Structural equation model; Global adoption.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50366

Investigations on the Impacts of China's Rural Water Policies: From Efficiency and Equity Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fang,   Lan.
China’s water resources are scarce. Given its limited water resource, policies in China have been traditionally focused on meeting sectoral demands for water by increasing the supply rather than managing demand. However, effective water resource policies that focus on demand management and encourage efficient water use remain the main weakness of China’s water policy. Main potential for efficiency gain is the agricultural sector, which accounts for 65 percent of the nation’s total water withdrawals. Due to major inefficiencies in irrigation water systems only about 45 percent of water withdrawals for agriculture are actually used by farmers to irrigate their crops. In addition to inefficiencies, the equity of the agricultural water policies is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water efficiency; Equity; China’s rural water management; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103486

Investing in Biogas: Timing, Technological Choice and the Value of Flexibility from Inputs Mix
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Di Corato,   Luca; Moretto,   Michele.
In a continuous-time framework we study the technology and investment choice problem of a continuous co-digestion biogas plant dealing with randomly fluctuating relative convenience of input factor costs. Input factors enter into the productive process together mixed according to a given initial rule. Being inputs relative convenience stochastically evolving, a successive revision of the initial rule may be desirable. Hence, when the venture starts the manager may or may not install a flexible technology allowing for such option. Investment is irreversible and flexibility is costly. The problem is solved determining in the light of future prospects the optimal revision and then playing backward fixing the investment timing rule.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Factor Proportions; Technological Choice; Flexibility; Real Options; Alternative Energy Source; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D24; Q42.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55283

Investing in Methane Digesters on Pennsylvania Dairy Farms: Implication of Scale Economies and Environmental Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leuer,   Elizabeth R.; Hyde,   Jeffrey; Richard,   Tom L.
A stochastic capital budget was used to analyze the effect of net metering policies and carbon credits on profitability of anaerobic digesters on dairy farms in Pennsylvania. We analyzed three different farm sizes—500, 1,000, and 2,000 cows—and considered the addition of a solids separator to the project. Results indicate that net metering policies and carbon credits increase the expected net present value (NPV) of digesters. Moreover, the addition of a solids separator further increases the mean NPV of the venture. In general, the technology is profitable only for very large farms (1,000+ cows) that use the separated solids as bedding material.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Anaerobic digester; Stochastic capital budget model; Dairy farm; Alternative energy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45662

Investments and Financial Flows Induced by Climate Mitigation Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bastianin,   Andrea; Favero,   Alice; Massetti,   Emanuele.
In this paper we use the hybrid integrated model WITCH to quantify and analyze the investments and financial flows stimulated by a climate policy to stabilize Greenhouse Gases concentrations at 550ppm CO2-eq at the end of the century. We focus on investments to decarbonize the power sector and on investments in knowledge creation. We examine the financial flows associated with the carbon market and the implications for the international trade of oil. Criticalities in investment requirements will emerge when coal power plants with carbon capture and sequestration and nuclear power plants are deployed around 2020-2040, both in high and low income regions. Investments in energy related R&amp;D increase sharply and might cause stress in the short term....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Mitigation; Carbon Finance; Emission Trading; Energy Investments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q43; Q54; O32; O11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59418

Investments in Biodiversity Prospecting and Incentives for Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.; Simpson,   R. David.
There is considerable interest in biodiversity prospecting (the search for valuable new products from natural sources) as a conservation strategy. In an earlier paper, we have argued that the value of the marginal species (and, by extension, the incentives for the conservation of the habitat on which it is found) is small. In this paper, we show that investments in biodiversity prospecting are unlikely to increase incentives for conservation by much. If the value of the marginal species were appreciable, researchers ought already to have made investments to exploit it. If it is not, it is doubtful that additional investments will generate any substantial increase. It is important to be clear about our findings: we are not saying that none of the myriad...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Biodiversity prospecting; Investment; Conservation policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q29.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10821

Investments in Environmental Research, Science and Technology: Their Impacts on Irrigation and Mussel Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cullen,   Ross; Hughey,   Kenneth F.D.; Meyer-Hubbert,   Gerit; Bicknell,   Kathryn; Meister,   Anton D.; Smallman,   Clive; Su-Wuen,   Ong.
MoRST is evaluating the Environmental Research output class of the Public Good Science Fund to identify inter alia the impacts of Environmental RS&amp;T spending. Three specific questions are: How effective has the funding on Environmental RS&amp;T been? Is Environmental RS&amp;T having a positive effect by delivering real benefits to New Zealand, particularly to the environment? What influences the link between research and tangible positive benefits? This paper reports how case studies applied to irrigated agriculture and mussel farming were used to provide partial answers to these three questions. The case studies proceed by noting the possible benefits that Environmental RS&amp;T may have created, and then tracing the link back to specific research...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental RS&amp;T; Benefits; Irrigation; Agriculture; Mussel farming; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97783

Irreversible Abatement Investment Under Cost Uncertainties: Tradable Emission Permits and Emissions Charges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Jinhua.
A major concern with TEPs is that stochastic permit prices may reduce firm incentive to invest in abatement capital or technologies relative to other policies such as a fixed emissions charge. However, under effcient permit trading, the price uncertainty is caused by abatement cost uncertainties which affect investment under both permit and charge policies. We develop a rational expectations general equilibrium model of permit trading to show how cost uncertainty affects investment. Differences between the two policies can be decomposed into a general equilibrium effect and a price-vs-quantity effect. Except for the curvature of the payoff functions, uncertainties reduce both effects so that tradable permits in fact help maintain firms' investment...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18342

IRREVERSIBLE ABATEMENT INVESTMENT UNDER COST UNCERTAINTIES: TRADABLE EMISSION PERMITS AND EMISSIONS CHARGES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Jinhua.
A major concern with TEPs is that stochastic permit prices may discourage abatement investment relative to other policies such as a fixed emissions charge. However, the price uncertainty is fundamentally caused by abatement cost uncertainties, which affect  investment under both policies. We develop a rational expectations general equilibrium model of permit trading to show how uncertainty reduces investment. Differences between the two policies can be decomposed into a general equilibrium effect and a price-vs-quantity effect. Except for the curvature of the payoff functions, uncertainties reduce both effects: tradable permits in fact helps maintain firms' investment incentives under uncertainty.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21816

Irrigated Acreage Projections in Georgia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cai,   Ruohong; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Bergstrom,   John C.
Irrigated acreage is an important indicator for agricultural water demand which is a major category of water use. Three methodologies were applied in this study to project irrigated acreage of major crops in Georgia from 2010 to 2050. These three methodologies show consistent results. Total irrigated acreage of major crops in Georgia is projected to increase for the next 40 years. The acreage projection results provide useful information for Georgia agricultural policy makers and farmers.  However, the methodologies used in the study have some limitations. They can only be used under certain assumptions. Thus, better methodologies are needed for future related research.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigated acreage projection; Acreage response elasticities; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56468

Irrigated agriculture, water pricing and water savings in the Lower Jordan River Basin (in Jordan)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Venot,   Jean-Philippe; Molle,   Francois; Hassan,   Yousef.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farming systems; Irrigated farming; Water conservation; Groundwater; Water policy; Water rates; Water costs; Pricing; Cost recovery; Economic impact; Jordan; Lower Jordan River Basin; Jordan Valley; Amman-Zarqa Basin; Yarmouk Basin; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91468

Irrigation and water policies in the Mekong region: Current discourses and practices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molle,   Francois.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Water policy; Water law; Participatory management; Irrigation management; River basins; Governance; South East Asia; Thailand; Cambodia; Laos; Vietnam; Myanmar; China; Mekong Region; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53062

IRRIGATION DISTRICT ADOPTION OF WATER CONSERVING RATE STRUCTURES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michelsen,   Ari M.; McGuckin,   J. Thomas; Taylor,   R. Garth; Huffaker,   Ray G.
A binary choice model was used to identify the attributes that influence irrigation district adoption of conservation rate structures. Using principles of rate design and irrigation district  administration as a framework, measures of irrigation district rate structure objectives and physical and economic conditions were developed. The factors investigated characterize the constraints under which districts operate, value and cost of water, quantity of water delivered and revenue risk for districts. Rate structure adoption was predicted with over 75% accuracy. Both significant and non-significant factors are key to understanding rate choice. Districts were more likely to adopt conservation rate pricing when the cost of water to farmers was greater, higher...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20964

Irrigation Kuznets  Curve, governance and dynamics of irrigation development: A global cross-country analysis from 1972 to 1991
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattarai,   Madhusudan.
This report verifies the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for irrigation. The EKC hypothesis suggests for an inverse U-shaped (or concave) relationship between the level of environmental degradation and income in a given society. The EKC hypothesis also implies that some form of environmental deterioration appears inevitable during the initial stage of development, but subsequent increases in the societal income would generate enough incentives to improve the environmental quality. In line with this reasoning, the EKC relationship for irrigation (referred to here as Irrigation Kuznets Curve, or IKC) hypothesizes that the demand for irrigation is greater at the initial stage of development and that irrigation demand declines as societal income...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Models; Economic aspects; Irrigated farming; Income; Policy; Governance; Productivity; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43246

Irrigation Restriction and Biomass Market Interactions: The Case of the Alluvial Aquifer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Popp,   Michael P.; Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Vickery,   Gina B.
The U.S. Geological Survey has determined that irrigation in Arkansas’ Delta is unsustainable. This study examines how irrigation restrictions would affect county net returns to crop production. It also considers the effect of planting less water-intensive bioenergy crops—switchgrass and forage sorghum—in the event biofuel markets become a reality. Results suggest that sustainable irrigation restrictions without bioenergy crops would decrease producer returns by 28% in the region. Introducing these alternative crops would both reduce groundwater use and may restore state producer returns, albeit with significant spatial income redistribution to crop production throughout the state.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biomass crops; Ground water irrigation; Spatial income redistribution; Sustainability; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q24; Q25; Q32; Q42; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57150

Irrigation sector in Sri Lanka:  Recent investment trends and the development path ahead
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kikuchi,   Masao; Barker,   Randolph; Weligamage,   Parakrama; Samad,   Madar.
Increasing the area under irrigation and the widespread adoption of seed-fertilizer technology were the major factors that contributed to enhanced rice production in Sri Lanka, enabling the country to achieve self-sufficiency in rice. In recent years, there has been a shift in emphasis from expanding the irrigated land base to enhancing the productivity of irrigated land through diversification of agriculture and improvement of rice production, with better water management in irrigation schemes. This report attempts to assess how the irrigation sector in Sri Lanka is adapting itself to these new challenges. It analyzes the future direction of irrigation in Sri Lanka in light of recent trends in public and private investment in this sphere, and the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; Public investment; Private investment; Cropping systems; Water management; Rehabilitation; Operating costs; Maintenance costs; Wells; Pumps; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44565

Irrigation water pricing between governmental policies and farmers’ perception: Implications for green-houses horticultural production in Teboulba (Tunisia)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chebil,   Ali; Frija,   Aymen; Thabet,   Chokri.
A positive mathematical programming model was constructed in this study to assess the effect of three water pricing scenarios on Teboulba’s agricultural production systems. The effects of these scenarios were estimated for three groups of farmers from three irrigated districts. Results show that water demand in group 1 remains inelastic until achieving the price of 0.20 TD. A price above this level decreases water consumption, farmer’s incomes as well as seasonal labor demand. For groups 2 and 3, the water demand curves remain highly inelastic even with a full cost recovery price. However, once reaching this last price, the model shows important income reductions reaching 20% of the current observed income. Moreover, a pricing policy aiming to recover...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Water pricing; Positive mathematical programming; Greenhouses; Economic impact; Teboulba; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118863

IS GLOBALIZATION BAD FOR THE ENVIRONMENT? INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND LAND DEGRADATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES:THE CASE OF SMALL OPEN ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demeke,   Bayou.
This paper uses a two-good specific factors model to derive a relationship between international trade, land degradation, and welfare. Because developing countries enjoy comparative advantage in agriculture, they will export agricultural goods. We found that trade could lower steady state land quality and welfare. We conclude that poor resource management undermines the conventional gains from globalization.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20376

Is It Fair to Treat China as a Christmas Tree to Hang Everybody’s Complaints? Putting its Own Energy Saving into Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: ZhongXiang,   Zhang.
China had been the world’s second largest carbon emitter for years. However, recent studies show that China had overtaken the U.S. as the world’s largest emitter in 2007. This has put China on the spotlight, just at a time when the world community starts negotiating a post-Kyoto climate regime under the Bali roadmap. China seems to become such a Christmas tree on which everybody can hang his/her complaints. This paper first discusses whether such a critics is fair by examining China’s own efforts towards energy saving, the widespread use of renewable energy and participation in clean development mechanism. Next, the paper puts carbon reductions of China’s unilateral actions into perspective by examining whether the estimated greenhouse gas emission...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy Saving; Renewable Energy; Post-Kyoto Climate Negotiations; Clean Development Mechanism; China; USA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q53; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52341

Is Posner's  Principle of Justice an Adequate Basis for Environmental Law?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Posner adopted the economic principle of wealth maximization as a guiding principle for the dispensation of justice. This resulted in his endorsing the Kaldor-Hicks principle (also known as the potential Paretian improvement principle) as a basis for just laws. This article explores whether this principle is an adequate basis for environmental law. As can be deduced from Fleming, the legal approach adopted by Posner is by no means new because early British tort law was applied in a manner intended to foster economic growth. Nevertheless, the wealth maximization principle is not adequate as a basis for just environmental laws because for one thing it ignores questions involving changes in income distribution. Consequently, Rawls’ principle of justice is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coase theorem; Law and economics; Posner’s principle of justice; Principles of justice; Property rights; Rawls’ principle of justice; Tort law; Welfare economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; K; K1. K11. K13; K32; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55337

Is There a Rationale for Rebating Environmental Levies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bernard,   Alain; Fischer,   Carolyn; Vielle,   Marc.
Political pressure often exists for rebating environmental levies, particularly when incomplete regulatory coverage allegedly creates an“"unlevel playing field" with other, unregulated firms or industries. This paper assesses the conditions under which rebating environmental levies is justified for the regulated sector. It combines a theoretical approach based on second-best modeling with numerical simulations aimed at determining the most sensitive parameters. We find that if an adequate tax on production can be levied in the unregulated sector, no rebate is justified for the regulated sector. Moreover, even in the case of constrained taxation in the unregulated sector, a tax rebate or a subsidy in the regulated sector is not necessarily a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental levy; Tax rebate; Fiscal distortions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q43; H2; D61.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10512

Is there any future for cash crops in developing countries? The case of vanilla.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pokorna,   Irena; Smutka,   Lubos.
A generally used term for easy marketable commodities usually with high prices is cash crops As a result of it these commodities are produced by many developing and especially least developed countries (LDC). These crops have witnessed fluctuation in prices during the last decade. We can suppose that these products would be the domain of developing countries nevertheless the opposite is true.  Vanilla is a very good example of those products especially because just very few producers exist. We can suppose that vanilla trade would be the sphere of very few producers and beside that the agents would deal mostly with the demand site on the international market. However, the international vanilla market shows slight differences. Nevertheless, it can be grown...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cash crops; Vanilla; International trade; RCA.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102491

ISO 14000 STANDARDS: VOLUNTARY ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE AS A TRADE FACILITATION STRATEGY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boys,   Kathryn A.; Grant,   Jason H.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61855

Issues and Open Questions of Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading Under the Kyoto Protocol
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dutschke,   Michael; Michaelowa,   Axel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26258

Issues at the Forefront of Public Policy for Environmental Risk: Comments for the American Meteorological Society's Annual Policy Colloquium
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.
The lay of the policy land for addressing and managing environmental risk includes the hillock of the precautionary principle, the mountain of the practice and ethics of monetary valuation, and the tectonic plates of real-world innovations in markets and trading exchanges for nonmarketed environmental goods. This paper offers an overview of these contemporary and as yet unresolved issues and asks how each might be addressed in disparate environmental risks such as lightning, climate change, and severe weather. The overview focuses on issues that may be of interest to the American Meteorological Society's annual policy colloquium.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk; Environment; Public policy; Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q00; D89.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10494

Issues, impacts, and prospects of the first transgenic crops tolerant to a herbicide. The case of glyphosate-tolerant soybean in the USA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonny,   Sylvie.
IAAE 2009 International Conference
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified crop; GMO; Biotechnology; Agro-economic impact; Environmental impact; Sustainability; Soybean; Pesticide; Weed; Prospects; Herbicide; Glyphosate; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q55; O3; O13; O51.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51449

ISSUES IN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Brian S.; Thorpe,   Sally.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22443

It Pays to Be Green: A Hedonic Stock Price Model for Environmentally Friendly Large U.S. Firms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahmadin,   Muhammad.
This study attempts to estimate the non-market value of the environmental performance of a firm using a stock price model derived from Rosen’s hedonic price theory. Two different stock market models are developed to estimate the model, a basic firm’s stock market model and a modified Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM). The explanatory variables include risk factors, non risk stock characteristics, and corporate environmental policy, conduct and performance. This study uses Newsweek’s 2009 Green Ranking scores. The results show that risk factors, non-risk stock characteristics, and environmental scores variables are statistically significant in affecting stock price and equity return. The willingness to pay (WTP) are 3¢, 5¢, and 18¢, respectively for the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hedonics model; Stock price; CAPM; Newsweek’s 2009 green ranking; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98807

ITQs and Community: An Essay on Environmental Governance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCay,   Bonnie J.
Two important new directions in resource and environmental management are increased reliance on market mechanisms on the one hand, and on greater participation by local communities on the other. In fisheries, market-based management is found mainly in the "cap-and-trade" systems known as individual transferable quotas (ITQs). ITQs are effective in achieving certain economic goals but often with undesirable social costs, leading to the view that they are antithetical to community-based management. However, ITQ systems have been adapted to mitigate community losses. In addition, social resistance to ITQs has encouraged the development of innovative programs in community-based fisheries management.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31265

IWRM and Food Security Project in Kafue Basin: Process Documentation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chisaka,   Jonathan.
The purpose of this report is to show the process of the intervention made through the implementation of the IWRM and Food Security Demonstration Project in Zambia. The report gives details of the project processes, showing the steps the project went through, the outcomes and its impact on the communities where it was implemented. The report is the result of a number of field visits made to the completed project sites, the sources of information have been; focus group meetings, interviews, discussions with key informants, beneficiaries the youth, male and female stakeholders and reviews of project activity reports, and direct observations. Therefore, what is presented here is a cumulative “factual and real time” opinion as to what has been observed and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Project planning; Project management; Water storage; Pumping; Wells; Participatory management; Leadership; Water policy; Central government; Local government; Irrigation water; Zambia; Kafue River Basin; Katuba; Namwala; Chibombo; Agribusiness; Community; Rural; Urban Development; Crop Production; Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics; Land Use; Production Economics; Research and Development; Emerging Technologies; Research Methods; Statistical Methods; Resource; Energy Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Community involvement; Tech Change.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91805

JAAE Back page
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120441

JAAE Front page
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes: Front Cover, Editorial Information, JAAE Manuscript Submission Guidelines
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113515

JAAE Front page
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Development; Marketing; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120442

JAKARTA, INDONESIA: THE ECONOMICS OF WATER AND WASTE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Porter,   Richard C.; Singh,   Karan A.
Jakarta's main streets are landscaped, manicured, and modern.  Off these streets, however, the environment is that of an overgrown village.  Compared to other Asian cities, Jakarta's drinking water, sewerage treatment, solid waste disposal, and general environment are seriously deficient. This case study briefly outlines the deficiencies.  Less than one-fourth the residents have piped water.  Almost no one is attached to a sewer.  One-third of the city's solid waste never reaches the landfill. The source of the problems is historical -- for a long time, the problems of this rapidly growing city were not adequately addressed.  And the problem has become worse in recent years by the policymakers' concern with providing first-class service to all, despite the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11876

Japan-New Zealand Trade and Fishery Frictions:  Some Characteristics and Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okada,   Yoshinori.
The greatest friction in trade and fishery between Japan and New Zealand was the Total Economic Relationship, which was insisted by the PM of NZ. NZ wanted to export dairy foods in exchange for admitting fishing. Both governments experienced a long and tough negotiation. Recently frictions have happened in various sectors, such as Environmental and Food Customs. The friction looks broad and dangerous. In spite of the emotional reactions, however, I don't think that is a serious problem. Both sides should know the importance and the character. If both sides do not respond correctly, trade will stagnate in the future.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade and Fishery Friction; Total Economic Relationship; Trade negotiation; Environmental Friction; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31967

JOINT ADOPTION OF MULTIPLE TECHNOLOGIES: A DUAL, LATENT DEMAND APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Strand,   Ivar E., Jr.
Latent demand models can be used to overcome computational difficulties that frequently hamper empirical evaluation of relatedness in the adoption of multiple technologies.  This paper develops and applies such an approach to a case involving agricultural soil and water conservation.  The results indicate both complementarity and substitution.  Own-price elasticities of demand for all technologies and cross-price elasticities of demand for related technologies are substantial.  The results are used to derive implications for the design and implementation of cost sharing programs, which have been one of the primary policies used to address nonpoint source agricultural water pollution problems.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3; Q1; Q2.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28566

Joint Implementation and EU Accession Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Armenteros,   Mercedes Fernandez; Michaelowa,   Axel.
The countries wishing to join the EU have a high potential for low cost greenhouse gas emission reduction. As they cannot join the "bubble" agreement for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, project-based Joint Implementation (JI) could be a powerful strategy to integrate accession countries into an overall EU climate policy strategy. An important question in this context is whether the "acquis communautaire" will be used to define the baseline for the calculation of emission reductions from JI projects. A problem is that the grace periods for several environmental sectors, e.g. for application of the IPPC directive, differ considerably among countries. The EU should help accession countries to establish a predictable legal framework on which...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26370

Joint Implementation as Development Policy - The Case of Costa Rica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dutschke,   Michael; Michaelowa,   Axel.
Joint Implementation (JI) is a potentially powerful instrument of climate policy that could lead to a high amount of additional financial flows to developing countries. Nevertheless, many NGOs and developing country representatives are very skeptical about JI and fear that it would not take into account development priorities and create new kinds of dependence on industrial countries. Therefore, developing countries and industrial countries found a compromise at the Berlin Conference of the Parties as they instituted a pilot phase for JI lasting until 2000 which does not allow crediting of reduction achieved via JI. The paper discusses first results of the JI pilot phase in Costa Rica which could be important for the evaluation of the whole pilot phase....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26337

Journal Backmatter
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes:  Back Cover, JAAE Manuscript Submission Guidelines, Executive Officers, Membership and Subscription Information
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117942

Journal Frontmatter
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes front cover and editorial information.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117943

Kansas Grain Supply Response to Economic and Biophysical Factors, 1977-2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boussios,   David; Barkley,   Andrew P.
This research identifies and quantifies the impact of biophysical and economic variables on Kansas grain supply for the period 1977- 2007. This research estimates total supply response by aggregating yield and acreage responses. Previous methods have effectively analyzed the response of crop supply through either acreage or yield responses. However, the method proposed in this research incorporates both yield and acreage response to various production variables through recursive modeling. The results include the negative impact of acreage expansion on aggregate yields and thus the impact on total supply. The results also show that previous methods underestimate supply response elasticities by as much as 97%. Furthermore, this research estimates supply...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Yield; Acreage; Supply; Grain; Extensive Margin; Producer Expectations; Climate; Weather; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124385

Klimapolitik in Deutschland: Eine Problemanalyse aus Expertensicht
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bockem,   Alexandra.
Bei dem vorliegenden Beitrag handelt es sich um die Auswertung von Interviews mit Beteiligten der deutschen Klimapolitik. Die Klimapolitik in Deutschland ist durch eine Diskrepanz zwischen anspruchsvollen Emissionsreduktionszielen und deren mangelnder Umsetzung geprägt. Hierfür werden von den befragten Akteuren zwei Hauptursachen angegeben: der Querschnittscharakter der Klimapolitik und die asymmetrischen Einflußmöglichkeiten der verschiedenen vom Klimaschutz betroffenen Interessen. Darüber hinaus hat die Diskussion darüber, ob Selbstverpflichtungen oder eine ökologische Steuerreform das geeignete Instrument zur Umsetzung der Minderungsziele darstellen, die Klimapolitik gelähmt. Die zu beobachtenden Erosionserscheinungen in der Dominanz der...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26175

Klimapolitik in Frankreich
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26398

Klimapolitik in Grossbritannien: Abfallprodukt der Energiemarktliberalisierung oder gezielte Politikmassnahmen?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26163

Klímaváltozás és élelmezésbiztonság
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Biacs,   Peter Akos.
Magyarországon – hosszú távon – fokozatos felmelegedés, a csapadék mennyiségének csökkenése és a szélsőséges időjárási események gyakoriságának, intenzitásának és kártételének növekedése várható. Az alkalmazkodás stratégiája szerint egy melegebb és szárazabb időszakra szükséges felkészíteni a gazdaságot és a lakosságot. A váratlanul jelentkező szélsőséges időjárási események káros hatásainak megelőzésére gyors reagálást biztosító feltételeket indokolt létrehozni szervezési, technikai és szervezeti téren. A várható változások regionális vonatkozásai közül a melegedésben elsősorban hazánk keleti és északnyugati területei dominálnak, míg az ország középső része a legkevésbé, ugyanakkor a csapadékra nehéz regionálisan általános következtetéseket levonni....
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Világélelmezés; Élelmezésbiztonság; Klímaváltozás; Global food supply; The safety of food supply; Climate change; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119933

Klum@Gtap: Introducing Biophysical Aspects of Land-Use Decisions Into a General Equilibrium Model a Coupling Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ronneberger,   Kerstin; Berrittella,   Maria; Tol,   Richard S.J.; Bosello,   Francesco.
In this paper the global agricultural land use model KLUM is coupled to an extended version of the computable general equilibrium model (CGE) GTAP in order to consistently assess the integrated impacts of climate change on global cropland allocation and its implication for economic development. The methodology is innovative as it introduces dynamic economic land-use decisions based also on the biophysical aspects of land into a state-of-the-art CGE; it further allows the projection of resulting changes in cropland patterns on a spatially more explicit level. A convergence test and illustrative future simulations underpin the robustness and potentials of the coupled system. Reference simulations with the uncoupled models emphasize the impact and relevance...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12030

Knowledge about a Species' Conservation Status and Funding for its Preservation: Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Using a species’ population to measure its conservation status, this note explores how an increase in knowledge about this status would change the public’s willingness to donate funds for its conservation. This is done on the basis that the relationship between the level of donations and a species’ conservation status satisfies stated general mathematical properties. This level of donation increases, on average, with greater knowledge of a species’ conservation status if it is endangered, but falls if it is secure. Game theory and other theory is used to show how exaggerating the degree of endangerment of a species can be counterproductive for conservation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation campaigns; Conservation funding; Conservation status; Flagship species; Game theory; Prisoners’ dilemma; Threatened species; Value of information.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55065

Knowledge about a Species' Conservation Status and Funding for its Preservation: Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Using a species’ population to measure its conservation status, this note explores how an increase in knowledge about this status would change the public’s willingness to donate funds for its conservation. This is done on the basis that the relationship between the level of donations and a species’ conservation status satisfies stated general mathematical properties. This level of donation increases, on average, with greater knowledge of a species’ conservation status if it is endangered, but falls if it is secure. Game theory and other theory is used to show how exaggerating the degree of endangerment of a species can be counterproductive for conservation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation campaigns; Conservation funding; Conservation status; Flagship species; Game theory; Prisoners’ dilemma; Threatened species; Value of information.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55088

Knowledge and Willingness to Pay for the Conservation of Wildlife Species: Experimental Results Evaluating Australian Tropical Species
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
The nature of an experiment involving 204 residents is outlined and the results are reported and analysed. Two consecutive surveys of the respondents provide data about their stated knowledge of 23 wildlife species present in tropical Australia, most of which exclusively occur there. In addition, these surveys provide data about the willingness of respondents to pay for the conservation of those species belonging to three taxa; reptiles, mammals, and birds. Thus it is possible to compare the respondents’ stated knowledge of the species with their willingness to pay for their conservation, and to draw relevant inferences from this. From the initial survey and these associations, interesting relationships can be observed between those variables (knowledge...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation policies; Knowledge and willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51293

Knowledge, Application and Adoption of Best Management Practices by Cattle Farmers under the Environmental Quality Incentives Program - A Sequential Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Obubuafo,   Joyce; Gillespie,   Jeffrey M.; Paudel,   Krishna P.; Kim,   Seon-Ae.
This study examines Louisiana farmers' awareness of EQIP and their subsequent adoption of best management practices (BMPs) using a sequential logit model. Results indicate that farmers likely to be aware of EQIP and eventually adopt BMPs under the program were mainly those who had been in contact with NRCS officials.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: BMPs; EQIP; Sequential logit model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35307

Knowledge of Birds and Willingness to Pay for their Conservation: An Australian Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Clevo; Tisdell,   Clement A.
This case study concentrates on the extent of knowledge of members of the Australian public of Australia’s tropical bird species and their willingness to pay for their conservation.  In order to place this issue in context, it first provides background information on the status of Australian bird species, focusing attention on species that occur in tropical Australia.  Then, using survey results, this study considers the hypothesis that the public’s relative support for the conservation of different bird species depends on its comparative knowledge of their existence and status.  Based on experimental results from a sample of residents of Brisbane, Queensland (Australia), it is found that their knowledge of bird species that occur exclusively in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Willingness to pay; Conservation; Australian birds; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48977

Kommunikationsbeziehungen der Amter fur Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung im Bereich der Agrarumweltprogramme - Fallstudie Sachsen-Anhalt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prager,   Katrin; Nagel,   Uwe Jens.
The administration and implementation of agri-environmental schemes is one of the tasks of Agricultural Agencies (Amter fur Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung).  These agencies thus play a major role for all farmers interested or participating in funding schemes.  Assuming that feeding information about preferences and needs of programme entrants into the agri-environmental decision-making process is essential for assuring acceptance and effectiveness of the prescribed measures, agricultural agencies are predestined to collect and supply relevant information.  Using the state of Sachsen-Anhalt as an example, the communication network between agencies, farmers, the Ministry, farmers' associations and agricultural extension workers is explored.  Hierarchical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Communication process; Agri-environmental schemes; Agri-environmental networks; Participation; Acceptance; Bottom-up approach; Inter-organisational communication; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18816

Koppelung agrarökonomischer und hydrologischer Modelle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomann,   Horst; Kreins,   Peter; Kunkel,   Ralf; Wendland,   Frank.
The objective of the paper is to show the potential of interdisciplinary model networks consisting of agricultural economic and natural science models performing integrated impact assessments of agri-environmental policies. The potentials are exemplified using a coupling of the agricultural sector model RAUMIS with the hydrological models GROWA98 and WEKU in the scope of diffuse agricultural nitrogen immission into waterbodies. A brief classification of applied indicators is given. A key element for policy impact analyses are the relationships between the environmental indicator categories Driving Force, State and Response. The major relationships within this environmental scope as well as the modeling are explained. The presented model network represents...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Model-based policy consulting; Interdisciplinary model networks; Agricultural sector model; Diffuse agricultural nitrogen immissions; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98360

KÖRNYEZETTERHELÉS ÉS KÖRNYEZETVÉDELEM A  MEZŐGAZDASÁGBAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Somogyi,   Tamas; Hoffmann,   Andras.
A szerzők vizsgálataiban a direkt és az indirekt környezetpolitikai eszközök hatását számszerűsítették két mezőgazdasági vállalkozásra. Ennek alapján meg-állapították, hogy – a tapasztalt hiányosságok ellenére – a vállalatok tevékenysé-ge a korábbi időszakokhoz képest környezettudatosabbá vált. Ez elsősorban a direkt környezetpolitikai eszközöknek köszönhető; megvalósult a veszélyes és nem veszélyes hulladékok kezelése. A jelenlegi szabályozás (Nitrát Rendelet) a hígtrágyakezelő berendezések létesítési és működtetési költségei miatt verseny-hátrányba sodorja azokat az állattartó vállalkozásokat, amelyek nitrátérzékeny területen helyezkednek el. Az indirekt környezetpolitikai eszközök egyre növekvő számuk és mértékük ellenére sem gyakoroltak nyomást a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Direkt és indirekt szabályozóeszközök; Hulladékkezelés; Környezetvédelmi költség; Direct and indirect economic instruments; Waste management; Environmental protection cost; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57653

Kosten-Wirksamkeitsanalyse unterschiedlicher Randstreifenbreiten in einem Uferrandstreifenprogramm zur Reduktion des Risikos chemischer Pflanzenschutzmittel---Entwicklung und Anwendung eines modellbasierten Indikators im Agrarsektormodell RAUMIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sieber,   Stefan; Holm-Muller,   Karin; Gutsche,   Volkmar; Kreins,   Peter.
A variety of agri-environmental instruments can be used to combat water pollution by pesticides in agriculture according to the regulation EC 1257/1999. The chosen policies should be politically feasible and capable to prevent external effects cost-effectively. One possible policy instrument for Germany is the implementation of nation-wide buffer strip programs. This paper aims at evaluating the cost-effectiveness of alternative strip widths. Therefore an indicator is developed that reflects the impact of plant protectant use on aquatic ecosystems. This indicator is used to compute reductions in pesticide impact of different strip widths and the agricultural opportunity costs computed by the agri-environmental policy-information-system RAUMIS.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Buffer strips; RAUMIS; Cost-effectiveness-analysis; Environmental indicators; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97399

Kuhn-Tucker Estimation of Recreation Demand – A Study of Temporal Stability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattacharjee,   Subhra; Kling,   Catherine L.; Herriges,   Joseph A.
The paper examines the Kuhn Tucker model in the context of estimating recreation demand when the choice set it very large. It examines the temporal stability of parameter estimates using multiple years of data on trips to 127 lakes in Iowa made by households in Iowa. The study finds that for the given dataset, the estimates derived from a Kuhn-Tucker model are largely stable over time.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Recreation demand; Kuhn-Tucker; Temporal Stability; Environmental Economics and Policy; C2; Q2.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49408

Kyoto-Protokoll, Wettbewerb und WTO-Handelssystem
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shin,   Soonjae.
Es wird häufig angenommen, dass nationale und grenzüberschreitende Klimapolitik, die aufgrund des Kyoto-Protokolls in den Industriestaaten eingeführt wird, durch die Einschränkung der Nutzung fossiler Energieträger ökonomische Kosten verursacht. Damit kann es zwischen den emissionsintensiven Industrien der Staaten, die Kyoto- Ziele umsetzen müssen, und denen der Staaten ohne eine solche Verpflichtung zu Wettbewerbsverzerrungen kommen. Langfristig kann jedoch technologischer Fortschritt die Klimaschutzkosten signifikant senken und dadurch die Wettbewerbsverzerrung mindern. Dennoch ist nicht auszuschließen, dass die kurzfristigen Wettbewerbsverzerrungen aufgrund einer differenzierten Einführung klimapolitischer Instrumente je nach Sektor durchaus...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Internationale Klimapolitik; Wettbewerb; Internationale Handelsregeln; Politische Koordination; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; K32; K33; O19.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26348

La comercialización de agua en tiempo de sequía: el papel del riesgo y de las expectativas en los mercados de aguas en la agricultura
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hadjigeorgalis,   Ereney.
Published by Asociación de Economistas Agrarios de Chile
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Uncertainty; Risk; Water resources; Water rights; Drought.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97347

La nueva economía institucional y la economía de los recursos naturales: comunes, instituciones, gobernanza y cambio institucional
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caballero-Miguez,   Gonzalo; Garza-Gil,   Maria Dolores.
In recent decades, the New Institutional Economics has brought about the “return of institutions” to the economic mainstream, and institutional theory and analysis have been developed from Ronald Coase’s notion of transaction costs and Douglass North’s view on institutions. The Nobel Prize award in Economics to Oliver Williamson and Elinor Ostrom in 2009 has pointed out the relevance of the new institutional approach. Natural Resource Economics has included the institutional determinants of the management of natural resources into its research agenda. In this sense, the advances of the New Institutional Economics allows the development of institutional analysis in the field of the Economics of Natural Resources, such as Elinor Ostrom’s work has shown. This...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; B52; Q00; L22.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99096

La Zone Méditerranéenne Face à la Pollution de L’air : Une Investigation Econométrique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sebri,   Maamar.
La dépollution de la Méditerranée constitue l’un des principaux chapitres portés par la coopération entre les deux rives nord et sud dans le cadre de l’Union Pour la Méditerranée (UPM). L’objectif de ce papier est d’examiner la relation existante entre l’évolution des émissions du dioxyde carbone (CO2) et la croissance économique dans les pays membres de l’UPM. Cette relation est décrite par la Courbe Environnementale de Kuznets (CEK) qui postule une relation en U inversé entre la dégradation de l’environnement et la croissance économique. Le choix de la spécification économétrique et le problème des variables omises figurent parmi les controverses révélées autour de la CEK. Dans un premier temps, ce papier vise à sélectionner un modèle parmi trois...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Union Pour la Méditerranée; Emissions de CO2; Courbe Environnementale de Kuznets; Libre-échange; Données de panel; Tests d’hypothèse non emboîtée.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q56; C12; C23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112751

Labor requirements and profitability of alternative soil fertility replenishment technologies in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ajayi,   Olu Clifford; Akinnifesi,   Festus K.
Low soil fertility is a major concern in agricultural productivity and development policy discourse in sub-saharan Africa. The problem is exacerbated by government withdrawal from fertilizer input markets and the inability of private sector operators to fill the gap. This warranted a search for other nutrient sources to supplement chemical fertilizers. Based on field data collected in Zambia, this study assessed the labor inputs implications of “improved tree fallows”, continuous maize cropping with and without mineral fertilizer and, evaluated the financial profitability of the different land use systems. Results show that agroforestry-based land use systems are more profitable (NPV between $233 and $309 per ha) than farmers’ practice of continuous maize...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Improved tree fallows; Financial analysis; Production economics; Southern Africa; Sustainable agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52185

Land allocation policy and conservation practices in the mountains of Northern Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saint-Macary,   Camille; Keil,   Alwin; Zeller,   Manfred.
In Vietnam, a quasi-private property regime has been established in 1993, with the issuance exchangeable and mortgageable land use right certificates. Using primary qualitative and quantitative data, this paper investigates the role of the titling policy in fostering the use of soil conservation practices by upland farmers in the northern mountains region. There, population growth and growing market demands have induced farmers to intensify agricultural production onto steep slopes. While poverty has been reduced, environmental 16 problems such as soil erosion, landslides, and declining soil fertility have become severe over the past years. Our findings suggest that soil conservation technologies although relatively well known are perceived as being...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land titling; Technology adoption; Upland agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; O13; Q24; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51763

Land and water productivity of wheat in the Western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India and Pakistan:  a comparative analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hussain,   Intizar; Sakthivadivel,   Ramasamy; Amarasinghe,   Upali A.; Mudasser,   Muhammad; Molden,   David J.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Wheat; Crop yield; Productivity; Climate; Irrigation canals; Watercourses; Water distribution; Water allocation; Policy; India; Pakistan; Gangetic Plains; Kaithal Irrigation Circle; Bhakra Canal; Chaj Sub-Basin; Lower Jehlum Canal; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52972

Land Degradation in Ethiopia: What do Stoves Have to Do with it?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebreegziabher,   Zenebe; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; van Soest,   Daan P.
Land degradation is a particularly vexing problem in developing countries; as forests are depleted, crop residues and dung are used for fuel, which degrades cropland. In Ethiopia, the government encourages tree planting and adoption of energy efficient stove technologies to mitigate land degradation. We use data from 200 households in Tigrai, Ethiopia to examine the adoption of new stove technologies. Adoption is an economic decision, related to savings in time spent collecting fuel and cooking, and cattle required for everyday purposes. Results indicate adopters of efficient stoves reduce respective wood and dung use by 68 and 316 kg per month.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land degradation; Technology adoption; Africa; Ethiopia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O55; Q24; Q55.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37026

LAND DEGRADATION IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD: ISSUES AND POLICY OPTIONS FOR 2020
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scherr,   Sara J.; Yadav,   Satya N.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16371

Land Heterogeneity, Agricultural Income Forgone and Environmental Benefit: An Assessment of Incentive Compatibility Problems in Environmental Stewardship Schemes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fraser,   Rob W.
This paper examines the issue of incentive-compatibility within environmental stewardship schemes where incentive payments to farmers to provide environmental goods and services are based on foregone agricultural income. The particular focus of the paper is on the role of land heterogeneity, whether in terms of agricultural value or environmental value, in leading to divergences between the actual and the socially optimal level of provision of environmental goods and services. It is shown that such goods and services are systematically over or under-provided depending on the characteristics of land heterogeneity both within and between landscape regions. It is therefore concluded that incentive payments should be based on social willingness-to pay for the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6038

LAND REGULATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND HUNGARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szabo,   Erika.
Land, as it constitutes one of the bases of agricultural production, has a special position in the economic-judiciary surroundings of states. In Hungarian history, land ownership has undergone many radical transitions. The decade starting from the political and land regulation reform is a short time in land tenure. In spite of it, there have been several important changes in land ownership structure. In the 1970s and 80s, large agricultural firms, especially co-operatives and state farms, were common in Hungary. State hegemony was typical of land ownership and use, with rather small, privately owned parcels. Since privatization began after 1989, this tendency has changed, with land owned by farmers. In the following article, I am going to review the laws...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Land regulation; Land law; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43578

Land Retirement Program Design in the Presence of Crop Insurance Subsidies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.
The U.S. federal government implements environmental, biofuels and crop insurance programs that influence land use. They are not well integrated in that cost savings from crop insurance subsidies are not acknowledged when screening land for retirement or when calculating the cost of land retirement programs. We identify and evaluate an optimal benefit index for enrollment in a land retirement program that includes a sub-index to rank land according to insurance subsidy savings. All else equal, land ranked higher in the Lorenz stochastic order should be retired first.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agro-environmental policy; Budget; Conservation Reserve Program; Crop failure; Environmental Benefit Index; Lorenz order.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52236

Land titling policy and soil conservation in the uplands of Northern Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saint-Macary,   Camille; Keil,   Alwin; Zeller,   Manfred; Heidhues,   Franz; Dung,   Pham Thi My.
Up to 25 percent of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are caused by deforestation, and Indonesia is the third largest greenhouse gas emitter worldwide due to land use change and deforestation. On the island of Sulawesi in the vicinity of the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), many smallholders contribute to conversion processes at the forest margin as a result of their agricultural practices. Specifically the area dedicated to cocoa plantations has increased from zero (1979) to nearly 18,000 hectares (2001). Some of these plots have been established inside the 220,000 hectares of the LLNP. An intensification process is observed with a consequent reduction of the shade tree density. This study assesses which impact carbon sequestration payments for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92828

Land Use and Greenhouse Gas Implications of Biofuels: Role of Technology and Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Xiaoguang; Huang,   Haixiao; Khanna,   Madhu.
This paper examines the extensive and intensive margin changes in land use in the U.S. likely to be induced by biofuel policies and the implications of these policies for GHG emissions over the 2007-2022 period. The policies considered here include the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) by itself as well as combined with current biofuel tax credits or a carbon price policy. We use a dynamic, spatial, multi-market equilibrium model, Biofuel and Environmental Policy Analysis Model (BEPAM), to endogenously determine the effects of these policies on cropland allocation, food and fuel prices, and the mix of first and second-generation biofuels. We find that the increase in crop prices under the RFS is likely to be less than 20% in most cases and this increase is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuel Mandates; Land Use; GHG Emissions; Technology; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103216

LAND USE AND INCENTIVE SCHEMES FOR NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL IN A SPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM SETTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Graham-Tomasi,   Theodore; Wiese,   Arthur.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14131

Land Use Can Play Critical Role in Controlling Global Warming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sands,   Ronald D.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124217

Land Use Change and Ecosystem Valuation in North Georgia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ngugi,   Daniel; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Bergstrom,   John C.
This study seeks to forecast land use change in a North Georgia ecosystem, and estimate the economic value of the ecosystem using benefit transfer techniques. We forecast land use change based on a structural time series model and a simple growth rate model.  The study suggests a lower bound willingness to pay value of about USD 16,000 per year to ensure compliance with fishing and drinking water quality standards with regard to fecal coliform bacteria and dissolved oxygen. Conservation efforts are likely to cost less than the cost of defensive behavior or ecosystem restoration.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem; Economic value; North Georgia; Land use; Water quality; Structural time series; Benefit transfer; Forecasting.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q51; Q53; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46853

Land Use Change and Ecosystem Valuation in North Georgia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ngugi,   Daniel; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Bergstrom,   John C.
A model of land allocation at the aggregate watershed level was developed assuming profit/net benefit maximization under risk neutrality. The econometric land use model was analyzed as an equation by equation SURE model as all the independent variables were the same for both equations. In analyzing effect of land use change on water quality, we took year 2005 as our baseline and postulated three land use scenarios. We applied Benefit Transfer techniques to value water quality changes resulting from land use change and estimated lower bounds for WTP to improve water quality to meet the FCB criterion for drinking water supply and fishing waters and BOD (DO) criteria for fishing waters. Water quality modeling revealed that land use change would result in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem; Economic value; North Georgia; Land use; Land use change; Fish; Water quality; Structural time series; Willingness to pay; Benefit transfer; Forecasting; Vector autoregression; Upper Chattahoochee River; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6119

Land Use Change, Benefit Transfer and Ecosystem Valuation in North Georgia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ngugi,   Daniel; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Bergstrom,   John C.
This study seeks to forecast land use change in a North Georgia ecosystem, and estimate the economic value of the ecosystem using benefit transfer techniques. We forecast land use change based on a structural time series model and a simple growth rate model.  The study suggests a lower bound willingness to pay value of about USD 16,000 per year to ensure compliance with fishing and drinking water quality standards with regard to fecal coliform bacteria and dissolved oxygen. Conservation efforts are likely to cost less than the cost of defensive behavior or ecosystem restoration.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem; Economic value; North Georgia; Land use; Water quality; Structural time series; Benefit transfer; Forecasting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q51; Q53; Q57; R14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47110

Land Use Implications of Expanding Biofuel Demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dicks,   Michael R.; Campiche,   Jody L.; Torre Ugarte,   Daniel de la; Hellwinckel,   Chad M.; Bryant,   Henry L.; Richardson,   James W.
The Renewable Fuel Standard mandates in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 will require 36 billion gallons of ethanol to be produced in 2022. The mandates require that 16 of the 36 billion gallons must be produced from cellulosic feedstocks. The potential land use implications resulting from these mandates were examined using two methods, the POLYSYS model and a general equilibrium model. Results of the POLYSYS analysis indicated that 72.1 million tons of corn stover, 23.5 million tons of wheat straw, and 24.7 million acres would be used to produce 109 million tons of switchgrass in 2025 to meet the mandate. Results of the CGE analysis indicated that 10.9 billion bushels of corn grain, 71 million tons of corn stover, and 56,200 tons of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cellulosic ethanol; Corn stover; Grain ethanol; Renewable fuel standard; Switchgrass; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q42.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53091

Land use policies and practices for reducing vulnerability in rural Tajikistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lerman,   Zvi; Wolfgramm,   Bettina.
Tajikistan, with 93% of its surface area taken up by mountains and 65% of its labor force employed in agriculture, is judged to be highly vulnerable to risks, including climate change risks and food insecurity risks. The article examines a set of land use policies and practices that can be used to mitigate the vulnerability of Tajikistan’s large rural population, primarily by increasing family incomes. Empirical evidence from Tajikistan and other CIS countries suggests that families with more land and higher commercialization earn higher incomes and achieve higher well-being. The recommended policy measures that are likely to increase rural family incomes accordingly advocate expansion of smallholder farms, improvement of livestock productivity, increase...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Vulnerability to risks; Rural incomes; Agriculture; Land use policies; Tajikistan; Climate change risks; Sustainable land management; Transition countries. Tajikistan; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119834

LAND VALUES AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boehlje,   Michael; Raup,   Philip M.; Olson,   Kent D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14045

Landowner Driven Sustainable Forest Management and Value-Added Processing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Damery,   David T.
The Massachusetts Woodlands Cooperative, LLC (MWC) is working to help members conduct sustainable forestry of the highest standards while increasing financial returns from harvest activities. The forests of Massachusetts, the 3rd most densely populated of the United States, are threatened.  Decades of high grading and the threat of conversion to alternative use present challenges for maintaining a forested landscape.  Despite being 60% forested Massachusetts imports approximately 98% of the wood fiber that its citizens consume.    MWC is a forest management, processing and marketing cooperative organized by and on behalf of forest landowners in western Massachusetts.  The cooperative was envisioned in 1999, incorporated in 2001, gained Forest Stewardship...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14503

LAND-USE CHANGE AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN THE FORESTS OF OHIO, INDIANA, AND ILLINOIS: SENSITIVITY TO POPULATION AND MODEL CHOICE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Choi,   Suk-Won; Sohngen,   Brent; Alig,   Ralph J.
This study develops a model of land use change in the Midwestern States of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. Given the emergence of spatial econometrics, three models are compared to assess the sensitivity of the estimates to alternative assumptions about the distribution of their errors. Projections of future land use change are then developed, and the results are compared across different assumptions about population growth and models. We then estimate carbon sequestration potential in the region and compare the costs of different programs across the population assumptions and the alternative models. Different assumptions about population growth and error terms do not appear to affect the carbon sequestration cost estimates.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20564

Landwirtschaft in der okologischen Marktwirtschaft: Sicherung der Welternahrung vs. Klimaschutz und Bioenergie
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Witzke,   Harald.
Ökologie und Klimaschutz sind in aller Munde. Die politischen Parteien in Deutschland und anderswo sind sich weitgehend einig. Die Marktwirtschaft soll "„ökologisch"“ sein. Für Ökonomen ist dies Problem zumindest theoretisch ziemlich trivial. Die Emission von Klimagasen ist eine negative Externalität und Klimaschutz ein öffentliches Gut. Beides sind Formen von sog. Marktversagen. Staatliche Aktivität hat  dann das Potential, das Marktergebnis aus gesamtwirtschaftlicher Sicht noch zu verbessern. In jeder Einführungsveranstaltung zu den Grundlagen der Wirtschaftswissenschaften werden den Studierenden die Charakteristika von Externalitäten und öffentlichen Gütern beigebracht und auch die gesamtwirtschaftlich effizienten staatlichen Aktionen bei Auftreten von...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10290

Larger Farms, Environmental Policy Affecting Manure Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McBride,   William D.; Ribaudo,   Marc.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124214

Las emisiones de metano (CH4) en el subsistema agroalimentario catalán: un análisis input-output alternativo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Navarro,   Francisco; Alcantara,   Vicent.
In this paper we carry out a research of the CH4 emissions related to the Catalan agro-food sector through an alternative or at least complementary, input-output subsystems analysis, which is a useful tool to study the productive structure of the different sectors that make up an economy. The application of this technique allows the decomposition of the subsystem in different effects depending on the existing interindustry linkages with all the production sectors of the economy inside as well outside the subsystem. Results highlights the relevance of intrasectorial relations within the agro-food industry subsystem, which shows a significant autonomy respect to this type of emissions with regard to the rest of the economy. This feature guides the sort of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; D57; Q53; C67.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99094

Las principales aportaciones a la teoria de la regulacion medioambiental. Los ultimos cuarenta anos.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grau,   Montserrat Viladrich.
Resumen:  En este artículo analizo las principales aportaciones a la teoría de la regulación medioambiental desarrolladas durante los últimos cuarenta años.  Inicio este recorrido en los años sesenta con la presentación de las primeras contribuciones.  A continuación, abordo el estudio de la década de los setenta, donde me centro de manera preferente en la comparación de las propiedades de los sistemas basados en incentivos económicos  y de los basados en cantidades.  Seguidamente me adentro en los desarrollos que surgieron durante los ochenta, concentrando mi atención en el análisis de los sistemas de licencias negociables.  Por último,  analizo como en la década de los noventa la regulación medioambiental se orienta hacia la búsqueda de soluciones para...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q58; Q50.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28778

LASER LEVELING AND FEDERAL INCENTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daubert,   John; Ayer,   Harry W.
Our empirical analysis shows that federal tax and cost-sharing incentives significantly affect the profitability of laser leveling – a new irrigation technology which sharply reduces gravity water applications. However, the structure of the incentives may make slow rather than rapid adoption of the technology most profitable. Methodology plus results for a wide range of physical and economic conditions are given.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32260

Le marché de bestiaux du gouvernorat de Sidi Bouzid: un levier de développement rural du Centre tunisien
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Selmi,   Salah; Elloumi,   Mohamed; Allagui,   Leila; Chouaibi,   Walid.
L’élevage ovin est une activité traditionnelle dans toutes les régions de la Tunisie et surtout le Centre et le Sud. Sur le plan national et jusqu'à une date récente seule la viande bovine retenait l'attention des pouvoirs publics et les opérateurs privés. Face aux enjeux actuels de satisfaction des besoins du pays en viandes rouges et la mise à niveau de la filière des ovins, on assiste à un processus de développement du secteur qui connaît une restructuration du cheptel et une intensification de la production en intégrant les cultures fourragères ainsi qu’une mise à niveau des marchés de bestiaux. Dans le gouvernorat de Sidi Bouzid où l’élevage ovin occupe une place de choix dans l’économie régionale, les systèmes de production agricole connaîssent une...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52000

Le performance ambientali dei processi di produzione agricola. Cosa la Carbon Footprint dei prodotti agroalimentari non è in grado di dire.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Passeri,   N.; Blasi,   E.; Franco,   Silvio.
Molti studi analizzano il rapporto tra produzione agricola ed emissioni di gas serrra. Nella quantificazione dell’impatto ambientale del settore aagroalimentare, in termini di gas serra, si sta affermando la metodologia del Life Cycle Assesment (LCA) normata dalle ISO 14040 e 14044. Tra i diversi i risultati, l’analisi LCA determina l’Impronta Carbonica (C Carbon Footprint), derivante dagli utilizzi di materia ed energia nelle fasi di produzione, trasformazione, distribuzione, consumo e smaltimento di un prodootto agroalimentare. La metodologia LCA considera l’attività agricola come un processo industriale e, concentrandosi sulla determinazione delle emissioni per i singoli fattori immessi nei processi produtt tivi e non considerando l’intrinseca capacità...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon footprint; Bilancio ecologico; Produzione agricola; Impronta ecologica; Impatto ambientale.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q56; Q57; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124124

Leadership Values and Sustainable Trading Management for Food Security, Biodiversity and Equity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wibberley,   John.
There is general agreement that sustainable management is needed to regulate social behaviour for civil society and environmental management for such global issues as climate change and the oceans. Uniquely, markets are assumed by current World Trade Organisation philosophy and policy - 'non-discrimination against imports' - to be virtually exempted from human responsibility to manage them, as if they alone are capable of sustainable self-determination. The argument of this Paper is that Agrarian Advocacy is needed internationally to link farmer conservation within sustainable farm livelihoods, natural resource conservation management, national food security and land heritage connections in each place. Currently unmanaged trading threatens these vital...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24262

LEAST-COST WATERSHED MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS: USING GIS DATA IN ECONOMIC MODELING OF A WATERSHED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ancev,   Tihomir; Stoecker,   Arthur L.
Phosphorus pollution from excessive litter application causes eutorphication of lakes in the Eucha-Spavinaw watershed in eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas. Consequent algal blooms impair the taste of municipal water supply drawn from the watershed. The paper shows how GIS data based biophysical modeling can be used to derive spatially optimal, least-cost allocation of management practices to reduce phosphorus runoff in the watershed. Transportation activities were added to the model so that transport of litter within and out of the watershed was possible. Results from the mathematical program suggest that uniform regulation of litter application is excessively costly regulatory measure and hence a regulation that assigns management practices according...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35005

Legal Aspects of Creating Weather Modification Authorities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Jerome E.; Beck,   Robert E.; Schloesser,   Lynn L.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120832

Legal Families and Environmental Protection: Is there  a Causal Relationship?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Di Vita,   Giuseppe.
In this paper we build up the analysis of La Porta et al. (1998), to investigate the importance of legal families in explaining the variations in pollution emissions in different countries. The main intuition behind our analysis is that the nations in which the rights of shareholders are more protected, promote real and financial investment; this increases the speed at which the per-capita income corresponding to the declining branch of the Environmental Kutznets Curve (EKC) is achieved. In econometrics different regression analyses were performed using as dependent variables three different kinds of pollutants (CO2, fine suspended particulates and waste), including as an explanation some financial variables never before considered in this kind of study.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dummy Variables; Environmental Kutznets Curve; Legal Families; Panel Data; Pollution Emissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; K4; Q0.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8219

Les benefices et les couts economiques de l'exploitation des gaz de shale au Quebec
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gonzalez,   Patrick.
Ce texte presente une esquisse des elements quie devrait inclure une analyse couts-benefices de la pertinence de developper la filiere de l'extraction du gaz de shale au Quebec. This article offers a sketch of the components that should include a costs-benefits analysis of developing or not a shale gas industry in Quebec.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Gaz de schiste; Analyse couts-benefices; Quebec; Shale gas; Costs-benefits analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q30; Q34; D61.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120264

Les Marges De Commercialisation Et L’équité Du Commerce Des Produits Alimentaires Au Togo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koffi-Tessio,   Egnonto M.; Tossou,   Kokou A.; Homevoh,   Etsri.
Face à l'inefficacité et l'inefficience des systèmes de commercialisation en ASS, la présente étude tente d’évaluer les marges commerciales et l’équité du commerce du maïs, du sorgho, du gari, de la tomate, de l’oignon, du poisson et du bétail au Togo. Elle conclut que les circuits commerciaux du pays s’intègrent dans un système commercial régional qui se traduit par des flux ouverts sur les pays voisins (Bénin, Ghana, Burkina) et lointains (Niger, Gabon). L’analyse des marges a permis de constater que le commerce des produits alimentaires est en général viable. Toutefois, les marges nettes demeurent modestes. L’analyse de l’équité révèle que la distribution des bénéfices sur les tronçons, n’est pas équitable. Certains acteurs amassent d’énormes profits...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marges commerciales; Équité du commerce; Sécurité alimentaire; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52125

Lessons From the American Experiment With Market-Based Environmental Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10589

Lessons Learned from SO2 Allowance Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93329

Leveraging Landscape Change: Instrument design for supporting the evolution of new natural resource industry niches
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hatfield-Dodds,   Steve; Binning,   Carl; Dyack,   Brenda.
This paper outlines how resource degradation in Australia could be reversed with innovative investment approaches that compensate for the main impediments to beneficial landscape change. We argue that the existing suite of policy responses is incomplete and there are benefits to be had by introducing some new approaches for encouraging innovative and creative, appropriate landscape change. We discuss two examples that address the need for instruments that encourage the evolution of new natural resource industry niches: 1. the proposal advanced by the Allen Consulting Group in its recommendations to the Business Leaders Roundtable in 2001 on options for leveraging private investment entitled Repairing the Country 2. a pilot project that is being undertaken...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q28; D7.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58704

Lexicographic Preferences in Discrete Choice Experiments: Consequences on Individual-Specific Willingness to Pay Estimates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campbell,   Danny; Hutchinson,   W. George; Scarpa,   Riccardo.
In discrete choice experiments respondents are generally assumed to consider all of the attributes across each of the alternatives, and to choose their most preferred. However, results in this paper indicate that many respondents employ simplified lexicographic decision-making rules, whereby they have a ranking of the attributes, but their choice of an alternative is based solely on the level of their most important attribute(s). Not accounting for these simple decision-making heuristics introduces systemic errors and leads to biased point estimates, as they are a violation of the continuity axiom and a departure from the use of compensatory decision-making. In this paper the implications of lexicographic preferences are examined. In particular, using a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12224

Liberalisation of Environmental Goods and Services and Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Iturregui,   Patricia; Dutschke,   Michael.
This paper attempts to show how WTO negotiations on liberalisation of environmental goods and services can have a negative or positive impact on the international climate change policy depending on the outcome of the Doha Mandate paragraph 31 debates. Certainly there has been no significant progress on the definition or classification of environmental goods and services given the wide spectrum of positions. However, the size of the environmental market is not little and a pragmatic approach for negotiations can be to reduce the issue by parts in problem areas being one of them air pollution and climate. In order to succeed in the task some conditions must be achieved, namely balancing interests from OECD and non OECD countries, identification of a list of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: WTO and UNFCCC; Liberalization of environmental goods and services; Air pollution and climate; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26307

Liberalizing Climate-Friendly Goods and Technologies in the WTO: Product Coverage, Modalities, Challenges and the Way Forward
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
The Doha Round Agenda (paragraph 31(3)) mandates to liberalize environmental goods and services. This mandate offers a good opportunity to put climate-friendly goods and services on a fast track to liberalization. Agreement on this paragraph should represent one immediate contribution that the WTO can make to fight against climate change. This paper presents the key issues surrounding liberalized trade in climate-friendly goods and technologies in WTO environmental goods negotiations. It begins with what products to liberalize and how. Clearly, WTO environmental goods negotiations to date show that WTO member countries are divided by this key issue. Focusing on the issue, the paper explores options available to liberalize trade in climate-friendly goods...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Goods and Services; Low-Carbon Goods and Technologies; Doha Round; WTO; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; F13; Q56; Q54; Q58; Q48.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94620

Liberalizing Climate-Friendly Goods and Technologies in the WTO: Product Coverage, Modalities, Challenges and the Way Forward
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
The Doha Round Agenda (paragraph 31(3)) mandates to liberalize environmental goods and services. This mandate offers a good opportunity to put climate-friendly goods and services on a fast track to liberalization. Agreement on this paragraph should represent one immediate contribution that the WTO can make to fight against climate change. This paper presents the key issues surrounding liberalized trade in climate-friendly goods and technologies in WTO environmental goods negotiations. It begins with what products to liberalize and how. Clearly, WTO environmental goods negotiations to date show that WTO member countries are divided by this key issue. Focusing on the issue, the paper explores options available to liberalize trade in climate-friendly goods...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Goods and Services; Low-Carbon Goods and Technologies; Doha Round; WTO; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; F13; Q56; Q54; Q58; Q48.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94735

Lift irrigation in West Africa: challenges for sustainable local management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Purkey,   David R.; Vermillion,   Douglas Lynn.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Low lift irrigation; Privatization; Social aspects; Economic aspects; Groundwater irrigation; Surface water; Environment; Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113604

Like Minds? Two Perspectives on International Environmental Joint Efforts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bell,   Ruth Greenspan; Fulop,   Sandor.
International environmental cooperation efforts throw environmental professionals together to work, without considering the very different life experiences, legal traditions and cultural framework that each bring to the work. As the work they do together is inherently sensitive - often, the purpose is to write new laws or develop new policies for national application -- this failure explicitly to consider the perspectives of the professionals is puzzling. Two environmental lawyers-one American, one Hungarian-who worked together over the course of 18 months in an effort designed to breathe life into provisions of the Aarhus Convention by improving public access to environmental information held by government bodies, examine the nature and content of their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10558

Limited Cooperation in International Environmental Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Sacheti,   Sandeep.
Governments' desire to ameliorate environmental problems may conflict with other goals. Policy levels which balance different objectives can be altered by policy changes in other countries. A decrease in the importance of the pollution problem, or an increase in its global extent, increase the likelihood that tighter environmental regulations in one region induce laxer policies elsewhere. The transboundary character and the importance of environmental externalities also affect the amount of cooperation needed to improve members' welfare in a coalition. More global pollution problems require a larger coalition. However, the critical coalition size may be larger or smaller for more severe problems.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Limited cooperation; International environmental agreements; Strategic complements and substitution; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; H21; L13; Q28.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6286

Limiting the Nitrogen Losses by N-tax and Bioenergy Support: A Quantitative Analysis of Environmental Policy Mix Impacts in the North of France
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fradj,   Nosra Ben; Bourgeois,   Cyril; Clodic,   Melissa; Jayet,   Pierre-Alain.
This paper is devoted to assessment of policy mix impacts regarding nitrogen pollutants. The analysed policy combines a tax on the nitrogen input and incentives promoting perennial crops assumed to be low input ones. We show that perennial crop subsidy increases significantly the tax efficiency, compatible with the balanced budget of the Regulatory Agency in charge of the environment. Based on a MILP agricultural supply model, quantitative analysis provides assessment of impacts regarding land use, farmers income, and N losses at the North France level.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bio-economic model; Mathematical linear programming; Environmental policy mix; N-fertilizer tax; Bio-energy support; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114267

Linkage of Tradable Permit Systems in International Climate Policy Architecture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaffe,   Judson; Stavins,   Robert N.
Cap-and-trade systems have emerged as the preferred national and regional instrument for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases throughout the industrialized world, and the Clean Development Mechanism — an international emission-reduction-credit system — has developed a substantial constituency, despite some concerns about its performance. Because linkage between tradable permit systems can reduce compliance costs and improve market liquidity, there is great interest in linking cap-and-trade systems to each other, as well as to the CDM and other credit systems. We examine the benefits and concerns associated with various types of linkages, and analyze the near-term and long-term role that linkage may play in a future international climate policy...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Linkage; Cap-and-Trade; Tradable Permits; Global Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; F500; Q200; Q400; Q500.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46624

Linkages between Agriculture, Trade and the Environment in the Context of the European Union Accession
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toma,   Luiza; Mathijs,   Erik; Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar.
This paper analyses the impact of trade on environment in Romania using a partial equilibrium model of bilateral trade in beef between Romania and the EU. We use a recursive dynamic model to analyse beef production and trade and adjust it as to include a component to evaluate the impact of liberalised trade due to Romania’s accession to the EU on groundwater and air quality. The environmental module of the model associates the pollution to the use of production inputs. We link the use of itrogen inputs (e.g., nitrogenous fertilisers, manure) to nitrogen loss through leaching/runoff into groundwater (nitrates) and greenhouse gases (emissions of nitrous oxide and methane). We compute the nitrogen loss through leaching/runoff into the groundwater based on the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Externalities; Partial equilibrium model; Romania; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45991

Linkages Between Natural Resources and Economic Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergstrom,   John C.; McNamara,   Kevin T.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60347

Linking CAPRI and GTAP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jansson,   Torbjorn; Kuiper,   Marijke H.; Adenauer,   Marcel.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57912

Linking Farmers to Markets: The Case of Grain Marketing Information in Western Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Odendo,   Martins; De Groote,   Hugo.
Market liberalization created a situation where there are no guaranteed grain prices, no central information source and the need for marketing information increased. Unfortunately, most farmers have little or no access to marketing information. This study evaluates farmers’ perceptions of importance of marketing information; identifies farmers’ sources of grain marketing information; determine farmers’ confidence in and use of marketing information; and assesses determinants farmers’ willingness (WTP) to pay for marketing information. Data used in this study were generated using a structured questionnaire in a survey that covered a random sample of 120 households in traditionally grain surplus-and deficit zones of Kenya. The data were analyzed by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farmer; Grains; Logit; Markets.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52144

Linking Farmers to Markets through Modern Information and Communication Technologies in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mukhebi,   A.W.; Kundu,   J.; Okolla,   A.; Wambua,   M.; Ochieng,   W.; Fwamba,   G.
This paper highlights a market information and linkage system (MILS) developed and tested by the Kenya Agricultural Commodity Exchange Limited (KACE) that increases the efficiency of agricultural markets to work better for smallholder farmers and other small and medium sized agro-enterprises (SMEs). The MILS involves harnessing modern information and communication technologies (ICTs) to empower farmers with low-cost reliable and timely market information to enhance the bargaining power of the farmer for a better price in the market place, and to link the farmer to markets more efficiently and profitably. The components of the KACE MILS are (www.kacekenya.com): Rural based Market Information Points (MIPs) which are information kiosks located in rural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51988

Linking Forests and Economic Well-Being: A Four-Quadrant Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Sen; DesRoches,   C. Tyler; Sun,   Lili; Stennes,   Brad; Wilson,   Bill; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This paper has three main objectives: (1) to investigate whether the four-quadrant approach introduced by Maini (2003) reveals a useful typology for grouping countries by GDP and forest cover per capita, (2) to determine if the framework can enhance our understanding of the relationship between forest cover and GDP per capita, and (3) to investigate why countries in the four-quadrant world occupy different quadrants, and to determine the principal factors affecting country-movement across and within the individual quadrants. The examination reveals that countries can be classified into four broad categories, and that GDP and forest cover per capita have a low but consistent level of negative association. After regressing economic, institutional, social...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic well-being; Forest cover; Institutions; Corruption; Education; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; G00; I20; Q23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37036

Linking Policies for Biodiversity Conservation with Advances in Behavioral Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Global biodiversity loss and its consequences for human welfare and sustainable development have become major concerns.  Economists have, therefore, given increasing attention to the policy issues involved in the management of genetic resources.  To do so, they often apply empirical methods developed in behavioral and experimental economics to estimate economic values placed on genetic resources.  This trend away from almost exclusive dependence on axiomatic methods is welcomed.  However, major valuation methods used in behavioral economics raise new scientific challenges. Possibly the most important of these include deficiencies in the knowledge of the public (and researchers) about genetic resources, implications for the formation of values of supplying...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Behavioral economics; Contingent valuation; Experimental economics; Travel cost method.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55087

Linking Reduced Deforestation and a Global Carbon Market: Impacts on Costs, Financial Flows, and Technological Innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Lubowski,   Ruben N.; Golub,   Alexander; Markandya,   Anil.
Discussions over tropical deforestation are currently at the forefront of climate change policy negotiations at national, regional, and international levels.  This paper analyzes the effects of linking Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) to a global market for greenhouse gas emission reductions.  We supplement a global climate-energy-economy model with alternative cost estimates for reducing deforestation emissions in order to examine a global program for stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at 550 ppmv of CO2 equivalent.  Introducing REDD reduces global forestry emissions through 2050 by 20-22% in the Brazil-only case and by 64-88% in the global REDD scenarios.  At the same time, REDD lowers the total costs of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon market; Climate change; Innovation; Mitigation; Policy costs; Offsets; Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD); Technological change; Tropical deforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q24; Q42; Q52; Q54; Q55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52544

Linking the Australian Emissions Trading Scheme
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jotzo,   Frank; Betz,   Regina.
A detailed proposal for an economy-wide emissions trading scheme in Australia was tabled by the government in December 2008 with a proposed start date for mid-2010. The government proposes unilateral linking, with no initial bilateral linkages, through the clean development mechanism and joint implementation. The proposal has resulted in serious concern about significant permit price increases and price capping, leading to a ban on permit sales.   This research paper evaluates the proposed Australian scheme in relation to international emissions trading and linkages. Different scenarios for the Australian permit price under unilateral linking are considered. Options for bilateral linking with the European Union and New Zealand schemes are also evaluated,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate change policy; Australia; Emissions trading; International linkages; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94814

Liquid bio-fuels in Hungary: effects and contradictions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bai,   Attila.
The increase of living standard requires ever more energy, despite energy saving measures. Domestic growth was 100 PJ between 2000 and 2006, and 77% of the total utilization was imported (Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2008). Sustainability was endangered not only in our energy and commerce policy. Our domestic natural conditions are suitable for plant production; however, the stagnation of the domestic population and decreasing livestock numbers restrict inland marketing. Therefore, significant surpluses from year to year had to be stored and sold abroad, and the fact that the interventional purchase of corn and the expected stringent new EU regulation of the sugar beet sector, make the strategic significance of these branches uncertain. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48341

Little SAC River Watershed:  Bacterial Source Tracking Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Claire,   Baffaut; Carson,   Charles A.; Rogers,   Wendi.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44999

Little Sac Watershed: Fecal Coliform Total Maximum Daily Load
Provedor de dados: 31
This report describes the water quality data and the models that were used to develop the bacteria total maximum daily load of the Little Sac River in Greene and Polk counties. It is the final TMDL report sent to EPA by the Missouri Department of Resources and approved by EPA on August 9, 2006.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44829

Livelihood Strategies of Resource-Poor Farmers in Striga-Infested Areas of Western Kenya.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manyong,   Victor M.; Alene,   Arega D.; Odhiambo,   George D.; Mignouna,   H.D.; Bokanga,   M.; Omanya,   G.; Nindi,   S.J.
Striga hermonthica (del) Benth is threatening rural livelihoods in western Kenya where maize is the major food and cash crop. Vulnerability analysis was conducted on a sample of 802 households in eight districts of Nyanza and Western provinces. Farmers perceived Striga as the major cause of poverty and food insecurity. Both household income and child nutrition indicators showed alarming conditions for the majority of households. The coping strategies and informal safety nets were not capable of addressing the vulnerability issue successfully. A logistic regression model of determinants of poverty was estimated to examine the determinants and correlates of poverty. Results revealed certain characteristics of households that were more likely to be poor: poor...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livelihoods; Maize; Kenya; Striga; Logit; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52195

Livestock and the Environment: A National Pilot Project: The policy Space, Economic Model, and Environmental Model Linkages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Osei,   Edward; Lakshminarayan,   P.G.; Neibergs,   J. Shannon; Bouzaher,   Aziz; Johnson,   Stanley R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18661

Livestock in China: Commodity-specific Total Factor Productivity Decomposition Using New Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rae,   Allan N.; Ma,   Hengyun; Huang,   Jikun; Rozelle,   Scott.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98507

Living High on the Hog: Factory Farms, Federal Policy, and the Structural Transformation of Swine Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Starmer,   Elanor; Wise,   Timothy A.
U.S. farm policy reforms in 1996 produced significant overproduction of supported crops, with prices falling to levels that were often below average farm production costs. Among the beneficiaries of the policy shift were the largest corporate purchasers of supported crops, as they saw a steady supply of low-priced inputs. Industrial livestock firms were among the most significant buyers of U.S. corn and soybeans, the main components of livestock feed. Filling an important gap in the literature, this paper estimates the savings to industrial hog operations between 1997 and 2005 from feed components priced at levels below their production costs. The savings are found to be significant. We also find that industrial hog companies benefited from weak federal...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37709

Living, Labour and Environmental Standards and the WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nankivell,   Tom.
The Productivity Commission staff working paper, 'Living, Labour and Environmental Standards and the WTO', by Tom Nankivell, was released in August 2003. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international forum in which member governments agree on rules for the conduct of international trade. There has been much debate in Australia and other developed nations in recent years about the WTO and the rules governing the multilateral trading system. Critics have charged the WTO with being an undemocratic world government, anti-developing and anti-small country, driven by the interests of global corporations, and insensitive to labour and environmental standards and cultural values. Supporters of the WTO argue that many of the criticisms reflect...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31922

Local Marketing of Organic Food by Certified Organic Processors, Manufacturers, and Distributors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dimitri,   Carolyn; Jaenicke,   Edward C.; Oberholtzer,   Lydia.
Local organic food is garnering new interest. Using new data from a national survey of certified organic intermediaries, we examine local markets for organic food and assess which firms are likely to market locally. Approximately 25% of survey respondents primarily market their products locally, and 15% of the value of organic food (at the intermediate level) is sold locally. Larger firms are less likely to market locally, firms that handle a greater share of organic products are more likely to market locally, and the likelihood of marketing locally is lower the longer a firm has been certified organic.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Local food; Local organic food; Organic handlers; Organic intermediaries; Organic marketing; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90640

Local sustainability in Hungary – an analysis of the factors that determine the low number of LA21 strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baják,   Imre; Torcsvari,   Zsolt.
The concept of sustainable development is currently one of the most important concepts in the world. The implementation of the global idea is in the hands of local communities. The success of LA21 initiatives largely depends on two important factors: the bottom-up initiatives of the community based on voluntary participation and the support from the national government. In the case of Hungary we examine central government initiatives to date, as well as the factors that determine the success of bottom-up initiatives. As an illustration we present some of the findings of a survey we conducted in the micro-region of Gyöngyös.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Local agenda; Social participation; National government; Environmental Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102405

LOCAL-LEVEL PUBLIC GOODS AND COLLECTIVE ACTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarthy,   Nancy.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16548

Location differences in communities’ preferences for environmental improvements in selected NSW catchments: A Choice Modelling approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazur,   Kasia; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
To elicit household willingness to pay (WTP) for improvements in environmental quality in three NSW catchments (Lachlan, Namoi and Hawkesbury-Nepean), a choice modelling (CM) study was conducted.  This report presents results of research designed to investigate variations in WTP across different communities. The communities included local residents, distant/urban and distant/rural residents. Nine split samples were established to test for ‘location effects’. The analysis involved both conditional logit and random-parameters logit models.   Natural resource management (NRM), including Catchment Management Authorities (CMAs), can use the non-market values obtained from this study to guide their investment decisions.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Location effects; Non-market valuation; Catchment planning; Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94821

LOCATION OF PRODUCTION AND ENDOGENOUS WATER QUALITY REGULATION: A LOOK AT THE U.S. HOG INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Metcalfe,   Mark R.
This paper examines the effect of state regulation of water quality on the location of hog production across states in the US. A qualitative measure is developed from states' water quality legislation in 1994 and 1998. No evidence is found that increased stringency is detrimental to hog production.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hog production; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21631

Location of Production and Endogenous Water Quality Regulation: A Look at the U.S. Hog Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Metcalfe,   Mark R.
The U.S. hog industry is experiencing and increase in both the average size and geographical concentration of feeding operations.  These increases have caused attention to focus on the environmental consequences of hog production and on the regulations imposed to limit these consequences.  This study examines the effect that differences in state water quality regulations have on the location of hog production in the U.S. Farm size is an important characteristic and therefore this analysis is conducted separately on small and large farms in order to examine the differences in effects by sized of operation.  Results suggest greater water quality regulatory stringency has no effect on the location of hog production.  The amount of production on small feeding...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hog industry; Environmental regulation; Location of production; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18430

Long Term Challenges and Opportunities: Future Competitiveness and Prosperity of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
This report was prepared by the Federal/Provincial/Territorial (FPT) Working Group (WG) on Economic Analysis at the request of FPT Assistant Deputy Ministers (ADMs) in an effort to study the challenges and opportunities that are arising from the trends and factors affecting the sector's long term prosperity and competitiveness.  The report is a compilation of data and information that presents a snapshot of the agriculture and agri-food sector and the challenges and opportunities facing the sector.  This report is the first installment of progress reports the WG will submit to ADMs in the process of completing its final report to FPT meetings, and so is a work in progress that will expand as further information is analyzed.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Economic analysis; Primary agriculture; Competitiveness; Farm income; Performance of farms; Profitability; Productivity growth; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52708

Long Term Versus Temporary Certified Emission Reductions in Forest Carbon-Sequestration Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Galinato,   Gregmar I.; Olanie,   Aaron; Uchida,   Shinsuke; Yoder,   Jonathan K.
Under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol, forest projects can receive returns for carbon sequestration via two credit instruments: temporary (tCERs) or long-term certified emission reductions (lCERs). This article develops a theoretical model of optimal harvesting strategies that compares private optimal harvest decision under these two instruments. We find that risk neutral landowners are likely to prefer instituting lCERs over tCERs to maximize surplus. A particular type of early harvest penalty implemented under the lCERs is critical in determining the length of rotation intervals and the carbon credit supply. When this penalty is an increasing function of the difference in biomass before and after harvesting across verification...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest rotation; Long term certified emission reductions (lCERs); Carbon sequestration; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; Q54; Q23.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60744

Los Impactos de la abolición de la Politica Agraria Común en España: Una aproximación analítica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramos Argudo,   Ramon; Lordeman,   J. Aliaga; Choliz,   J. Sanchez.
The aim of this paper is to quantitatively assess the long run economic impact of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) abolition, where in particular, we focus on the Spanish economy. To carry out our analysis, we employ the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) computable general equilibrium model with accompanying version 6 data. In its present incarnation, the data captures the global economy in 2001. To characterise abolition of the CAP we unilaterally remove all pillar one CAP support. In addition, we eliminate export subsidies and EU import tariffs which affect primary agriculture and food processing sectors, all of it according to the benchmark equilibrium in 2001. Examining traditional general equilibrium welfare measures of market efficiency and terms...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Agricultural international trade; GTAP; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48591

Macroeconomic Impacts of Water Use in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weinheimer,   Justin; Wheeler-Cook,   Erin; Ethridge,   Don E.; Hudson,   Darren.
The recent/current recession provides the opportunity to study the effects of the macroeconomic changes on the agricultural production systems in the Great Plains and trace some of its impacts through the system to changes in primary inputs such water resource use.  Therefore, the objective of the study reported here was to determine the effects of the changes in macroeconomic conditions driven by the 2008 recession on irrigated crop production in a portion of the Southern Great Plains and its impacts on water use. The approach for the study was to: (1) use the 10-year baseline FAPRI projections, based on changes in macroeconomic conditions, of agricultural commodity prices and input costs between the beginning of 2008 and the beginning of 2009, and (2)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ogallala Aquifer; Recession; Macroeconomic; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; E00; Q15; Q30; Q31.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56456

Macroeconomic Implications of Demography for the Environment: A Life-Cycle Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pautrel,   Xavier.
This article studies how demography affects the outcome of the environmental policy in a macro-economic perspective, incorporating age-earning profiles in an OLG model à la Blanchard (1985) to capture the age structure effect of the demographic shocks. It first demonstrates, conversely to previous works of the related literature that a decrease in the birth rate may lower the steady-state per capita stock of physical capital even if the aggregate labor supply is exogenous. It also demonstrates that the ageing of population influences the macro-economic impact of the environmental policy according to the cause of the ageing and the life-cycle earnings assumption. Thus, with decreasing age-earning profiles, a lower birth rate reduces the detrimental impact...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demography; Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50325

Magyarország a virtuális vízpiacon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ijjas,   Flora.
A virtuális vízszemléletre épülő vízkészlet-gazdálkodási döntésekhez szükséges minimális információk egy ország szintjén a következők (Európai Regionális Jelen¬tés, 2009): hol, mikor, mekkora és milyen minőségű hasznosítható vízkészlet áll rendelkezésre, ezeket a vízkészleteket hol és mire használják, mi történik az elhasznált vízzel, mennyi virtuális víz hagyja el az országot az exportált termékek révén, illetve mennyi virtuális víz érkezik az országba az importált termékekkel? Amennyiben ezek az információk hozzáférhetők, úgy további fontos következtetéseket lehet levonni a jövőbeni cselekvési irányokat tekintve, segítve az ország döntéshozóit a fenntarthatóbb vízkészlet-gazdálkodás kialakításában. Ezen túl bizonyos kereskedelempolitikai megfontolások...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Virtuális víz; Koncepció; Piac; Gazdálkodás; Krízisek; Virtual water; Concept; Market; Management; Crises; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92508

Magyarország régióinak értékelése a bioüzemanyagok kisüzemi előállításának szempontjából
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vida,   Adrienn.
Az elmúlt években több elemzés látott napvilágot azzal kapcsolatban, hogy Magyarország adottságai melyik megújítható energiaforrás hangsúlyozott felhasználására alkalmasak. A korábban jellemző mezőgazdasági túltermelés, klímaváltozás, a fosszilis energiahordozók drasztikus és tartós áremelkedése azonban hazánkban is a bioüzemanyagok irányába terelte a figyelmet. A fokozott érdeklődést indokolja továbbá, hogy a biomassza ilyen irányú felhasználása komplex megoldást kínál nem csupán a fenti problémákra, de a gazdálkodók számára is lehetőséget nyújt az optimális és az életszínvonal emelésére is alkalmas termelési szerkezet kialakítására. A kutatás során a szakirodalomban fellelhető módszertan kiegészítésével és részbeni átalakításával olyan elemzés készült,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bioetanol; Biodízel; BtL; Fenntartható mezőgazdaság; Kisüzemi rendszer.; Bio-ethanol; Bio-diesel; BtL; Sustainable agriculture; Small scale production.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92420

Maize boom in the uplands of Northern Vietnam : economic importance and environmental implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keil,   Alwin; Saint-Macary,   Camille; Zeller,   Manfred.
In Vietnam, the demand for meat products has grown dramatically due to rapid economic growth and urbanisation and is expected to further increase in the future. Being the primary source of feed for the country’s livestock and poultry industry, maize has become the second most important crop after rice. While this maize boom has the potential to reduce rural poverty, it promotes the expansion of agricultural cultivation into fragile agro-ecological zones, often leading to deforestation and soil degradation, especially in the uplands. Using empirical evidence from mountainous Yen Chau district in north-western Vietnam, the objective of this paper is to investigate the current economic importance and environmental implications of maize cultivation....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Maize area expansion; Environmental sustainability; Tobit regression; Vietnam; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92829

Making GHG Emissions Trading Work - Crucial Issues in Designing National and International Emissions Trading Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Butzengeiger,   Sonja; Betz,   Regina; Bode,   Sven.
Art. 17 of the Kyoto Protocol defines International Emissions Trading exclusively on country level, sub-national entities like industrial installations or households are not included initially. However, there are some arguments for such an expansion, of which the most important ones are a significant increase of the overall efficiency of the trading system as well as an increase of market liquidity. In the first part of this paper, the options for an inclusion of sub-national entities are analysed, concluding that AAUs should not be allocated to participants directly. Instead, there are several options how those entities can be included in International Emissions Trading as defined in the Kyoto-Protocol in an indirect way. The second part of the paper...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26153

Management, Conservation and Farming of Saltwater Crocodiles: An Australian Case Study of Sustainable Commercial Use
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
Opinions differ about what types of policies are likely to be most effective in conserving wildlife species. For example, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) is based on the premise that curbing the commercial use of endangered species favours their conservation, whereas the Convention on Biological Diversity envisages the possibility that such use may contribute to the conservation of species. In Australia, as illustrated in the case of the saltwater crocodile, the governments of the Northern Territory and Western Australia have favoured the latter policy in recent years whereas Queensland has favoured the former approach. The saltwater crocodile management plan of the Northern Territory provides an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Conservation economics; Convention on Biological Diversity; Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species; Crocodylus porosus; Property rights; Saltwater crocodiles; Sustainable use; Wildlife conservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55068

Management of climate risks in the wine sector: a field study on risky behaviour
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ben Salk,   Sana; Blondel,   Serge; Daniel,   Christophe; Deffains-Crapsky,   Catherine; Jutard,   Catherine; Sejourne,   Bruno.
In agriculture, there is need for a deeper analysis of management of climate risks, because the farmers appear to have a paradoxical position: they perceived that they are strongly exposed to climate risks but, they do not want to pay for adapted tools, arguing that this is too expensive or complex. However, under risk, it is well-known that the decision-makers could be subject to paradox (Allais for example). Our assumption is that to know better the behaviours of farmers in general risky situations will help to understand their reluctance to use the weather market. We conducted a study over the wine growers in the Maine-et-Loire department. 60 wine growers have responded to the questionnaire about climate risk management, and 29 amongst them have...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Expected utility; Field experiments; Management of climate risks; Paradoxes; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9251

Management of Dryland Sustainable Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shehrawat,   Pardeep Singh; Singh,   Sube.
The study was conducted in the Bhiwani district of Haryana state, which was selected purposively on the basis of maximum area under dryland agriculture. From the four blocks in the Bhiwani district 200 farmers (50 farmers from each block) were selected randomly. The concept of sustainable agriculture involves the evolution of a new type of agriculture rich in technology and information, with much less than intensive energy use and market purchased inputs. Thus, sustainability is the successful management of resources to satisfy the challenging human needs, while maintaining or enhancing the quality of environment and conserving natural resources. Keeping in view the ever-increasing population, development of dry land agriculture, the depletion of natural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24308

Management of Resources for Sustainable Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malik,   D.P.; Rai,   K.N.; Dhanda,   S.
Green Revolution triggered in India with the introduction of high yielding varieties of crops particularly wheat and rice in seventies. The cultivators rapidly adopted these varieties in North India, which produced high yields by greatly responding to modern inputs, generation of suitable crop production and protection technologies and favourable public policies. But continuation of same cropping patterns over the last three decades with inefficient and indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals inputs as well as natural resources have resulted into mounting environmental problems. The shrinking of natural resources coupled with technology and public policy related problems have caused increase in cost of production over the years. Considering various factors...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24313

MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF WEATHER UNCERTAINTY IN EFFLUENT APPLICATION TO IRRIGATED CORN IN SEMIARID REGIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kizer,   Michael A.; Stoecker,   Arthur L.; Carreira,   Rita I.; Hattey,   Jeffory A.
This study compares subsurface drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation with respect to expected returns, aquifer life, nutrient utilization and accumulation in the production of irrigated corn using swine effluent and fresh groundwater from a depleting aquifer in the Oklahoma Panhandle. Most of the equations estimated econometrically had heteroskedasticity problems and MLE was used.  The econometric estimation of a PDF of ammonia volatilization dependent on amount of nitrogen applied, for each irrigation system, was successful and is the basis for developing a stochastic chain for the soil nitrogen carryover equation.  The results of the stochastic dynamic programming model are still being developed and will be presented at the conference.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20110

Managing a Common Renewable Resource in Asymmetric Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Catro,   D. Fuentes; Jayet,   Pierre-Alain; Rotillon,   Gilles.
The clear definition of property rights is not a sufficient condition to prevent congestion effects in commons.  In this paper we present how interesting can be the coordination among owners in the preservation of the common good.  Our approach takes into account economic dynamics and incentive mechanisms in a hidden information context.  We consider a natural resource which is being used up for a continuum of producers on a common property regime.  We also consider that each producer has an individual performance index which is a hidden information of the rest of players. We introduce coordination in the sense of a global maximization of the joint profit. If there is no coordination among the producers, their behavior leads to complete rent dissipation....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Commons; Natural Resources; Dynamics; Asymmetric Information; Contracts; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24893

MANAGING DOMESTIC EMISSIONS PERMIT TRADING: THE RELEVANCE OF CANADA'S SUPPLY MANAGEMENT QUOTAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barichello,   Richard R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15846

Managing environmental flow objectives under uncertainty: The case of the lower Goulburn River floodplain, Victoria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heaney,   Anna; Beare,   Stephen; Brennan,   Donna C.
The regulation of river systems to meet water demands for irrigation in the southern Murray Darling Basin has changed the timing and the volume of the natural pattern of flows. Australian governments have committed to restoring, in part, winter and spring flow regimes to preserve and enhance the riverine environment. These changes will involve trade-offs against the foregone returns to agriculture and between different environmental objectives. To better understand these trade-offs, environmental flow objectives are specified as a change in the inter-arrival time distributions of winter and spring flow events, ranging from brief flooding events to the inundation of flood plains and wetlands over several weeks. Expected costs, and hence the trade-offs,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124315

Managing Environmental Risks through Private Sector Cooperation: Cooperation: Theory, Experience and a Case Study of the California Code of Sustainable Winegrowing Practices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moulton,   Kirby S.; Zwane,   Alix Peterson.
There is growing interest in voluntary agreements as an economic policy tool for managing environmental risks. Numerous studies have been published about the theory of such arrangements, how they work, and what they accomplish. They demonstrate that voluntary agreements can create value for both regulators and firms. Little has been written, however, that analyzes various voluntary arrangements in the winegrowing sector. The evidence accumulated from other sectors indicates that efforts in the winegrowing sector may be following an appropriate path for attaining management objectives. The California Sustainable Winegrowing Practices (SWP) project indicates a number of strategies that may be useful in developing voluntary agreements in other regions. The...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Managing; Environmental risks; Winegrowing; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8131

Managing Excessive Predation in a Predator-Prey Setting: The Case of Piping Plovers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Melstrom,   Richard T.; Horan,   Richard D.
Ecosystems involve interspecies interactions that can be influenced by human interventions.  Prior work shows interventions that ignore these interactions cause efficiency-reducing ecosystem externalities.  We show inefficiencies may also be attributable to nature, via interspecies interactions generating excessive competition or predation. Ecosystem management therefore may involve correcting both ecological and economic inefficiencies.  We explore ecosystem management to correct ecological inefficiencies from predation.  The inefficiencies are shown to be akin to anthropogenic externalities arising when humans harvest resources under open access conditions, and so the solution is to “regulate” predators.  Viewing the ecological inefficiencies in this...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomics; Wildlife management; Endangered species; Open access; Predator control; Predator removal; Exclosures; Piping Plovers; Merlins; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123350

MANAGING FORESTS FOR MULTIPLE TRADEOFFS: COMPROMISING ON TIMBER, CARBON AND BIODIVERSITY OBJECTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Vertinsky,   Ilan.
In this paper, we develop a multiple objective, decision-making model that focuses on forest policies that simultaneously achieve carbon uptake and maintenance of ecosystem diversity objectives. Two forest carbon measures are used - a nominal (undiscounted) net carbon uptake as a proxy for long-term carbon sequestration and discounted net carbon uptake that captures the "fast" carbon accumulation aspect. Ecosystem diversity is expressed in terms of desired structures for forest and afforested agricultural land. Economic effects of possible strategies are examined by comparing attainment of these objectives with the net discounted returns from commercial timber harvests and agricultural activities. The tradeoffs between timber and non-timber objectives are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18161

Managing Forests for Sustainable Economic Development: Optimal Use and Conservation of Forests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The conservation of natural forests contributes significantly to the goal of achieving sustainable economic development. There is, however, growing concern that natural forests (which provide tangible and intangible economic benefits to humankind) are being lost at a rate which (combined with other factors) seriously threatens sustainable economic development because of the environmental and social impacts of such loss. There is little doubt that in order to achieve sustainable development, multifunctional forest ecosystems (as well as other important ecosystems) need to be managed appropriately. However, determining the socially optimal level of conservation and use of forests is a challenging task. From a human point of view, it is clearly not optimal to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Discount rates; Ecosystem services; Environmental conservation; Forests; Intergenerational equity; Multifunctionality; Resource economics; Sustainable development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; Q23; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90465

MANAGING MANURE TO IMPROVE AIR AND WATER QUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aillery,   Marcel P.; Gollehon,   Noel R.; Johansson,   Robert C.; Kaplan,   Jonathan D.; Key,   Nigel D.; Ribaudo,   Marc.
Animal waste from confined animal feeding operations is a potential source of air and water quality degradation from evaporation of gases, runoff to surface water, and leaching to ground water. This report assesses the potential economic and environmental tradeoffs between water quality policies and air quality policies that require the animal agriculture sector to take potentially costly measures to abate pollution. A farm-level analysis of hog farms estimates the economic and environmental tradeoffs that occur when policies are designed to address pollutant flows to one environmental medium without considering flows to another medium. A national analysis addresses the broader impacts of coordinated (water and air) policies, including long-term structural...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Animal waste; Nitrogen; Ammonia; Water quality; Nutrient management plan; Manure management costs; Price and quantity adjustments; CAFO; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33593

Managing nitrate pollution in a Tunisian irrigated area: A multi-criteria analysis approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laajimi,   Abderraouf; Ben Nasr,   J.; Ferchichi,   M.
In Tunisia, the extension of irrigated area is justified by its important role in the development and diversification of agricultural production. Nevertheless, the strong intensification of the agricultural activities may lead to the pollution of underground water resources due to an excess use of fertilisers and other chemical products. In fact, the high nitrate concentrations observed in some Tunisian irrigated areas, are related to the excessive use of nitrate fertilizers in intensive agriculture. The objective of the present study is to implement decision-making methods allowing a better combination of factors production by optimization of an economic objective and an environmental objective. This research is based on multi-criteria modelling through...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrate pollution; Environmental impact; Multicriteria analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44186

Managing Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrients for Switchgrass Produced for Bioenergy Feedstock in Phosphorus-Deficient Soil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haque,   Mohua; Biermacher,   Jon T.; Kering,   Maru K.; Guretzky,   John A.
There is limited information available explaining the agronomic and economic relationships between yield and nitrogen and phosphorus applications to growing switchgrass produced in phosphorus-deficient soils.  The objective of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on feedstock yield and measures of expected total cost, gross revenue, net return, and breakeven price of feedstock  produced in phosphorus-deficient soils in the southern Great Plains. Data were collected from a three-year, two-location agronomic field study conducted in south-central Oklahoma. Two discrete nitrogen treatments (0 and 134 kg ha-1) and four discrete phosphorus treatments (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) were randomly assigned to small plots...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioenergy feedstock; Economics; Phosphorus-deficient soils; Nitrogen; Switchgrass; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119765

MANAGING NUTRIENT LOSSES: SOME EMPIRICAL RESULTS ON THE POTENTIAL WATER QUALITY EFFECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   C. Edwin; Crowder,   Bradley M.
Over-application of manure on cropland can cause water quality degradation.  This paper reports a modeling approach for assessing tradeoffs among manure storage and handling systems as they relate to the nutrient loadings in cropland runoff, including nitrate losses to groundwater.  The CREAMS simulation model provided estimates of nutrient losses.  A linear optimization model was used to determine the income-nutrient loss tradeoffs.  Six-month storage was profitable for farmers with average-size dairy herds, but compared to daily spreading caused increased nitrate leaching through the soil to groundwater resources.  Twelve-month storage systems decreased farm profitability while decreasing the total nitrogen losses from farm fields.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29060

Managing Sustainable Agricultural Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Stanley R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18367

Manual SEAMLESS-IF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wallman,   Patrik; Knapen,   Rob.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57934

Manure and Commercial Fertilizer Nutrients Relative to Cropland and Pasture Requirements: Is the Pollution Risk Growing on Corn/Livestock Farms?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nehring,   Richard F.; Christensen,   Lee A.; O'Donoghue,   Erik J.; Sandretto,   Carmen L.
Recent trends in livestock concentration in major corn producing states suggest that increasing risk of water pollution from manure applications may be offsetting declines in risk of water pollution from chemical fertilizer. Analysis of data from ARMS surveys found that potential excess nitrogen and phosphorous per corn acre increases sharply between 1996 and 2001 when manure nutrient credits are included.  Cohort analysis of farms found that the level of technical efficiency appears to be positively associated with potential nutrient pollution from both sources.  Operations with high ratios of manure applied to manure produced and excess phosphorous tend to be more technically efficient than operations with low ratios of manure applied to manure produced...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21980

Manure Application Rules and Environmental Considerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Massey,   Raymond E.; Gedikoglu,   Haluk.
Three manure application limits (N Limit, Annual P Limit and P Banking) were modeled with particular attention to the number of hours needed to appropriately distribute manure.  The benefit and costs estimates indicated that P Banking was more profitable than N Limit which was more profitable than Annual P Limit.  The number of hours required indicated that the Annual P Limit would not be completed within a two month window approximately 2 of 10 years.  The increased number of hours for the Annual P Limit also increased the probability of a runoff event following manure application, relative to the other two scenarios.  This work indicates that regulations that require Annual P Limits of manure cost the farmer and may have the unintended consequence of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Manure; Environment; Policy; Runoff; Hours; Acres; Probability; Rainfall; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98765

Manure Application Standards and EQIP Payments: The Distribution of Economic and Environmental Costs and Benefits across US Hog Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.
Implementation of new CAFO regulations and EQIP payments could have important implications for the structure of the hog sector. This study uses a farm-level positive mathematical programming model to estimate the distribution of the economic and environmental effects of these new policies across regional and scale typologies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19937

MANURE MANAGEMENT FOR WATER QUALITY COSTS TO ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS OF APPLYING MANURE NUTRIENTS TO LAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; Kaplan,   Jonathan D.; Christensen,   Lee A.; Gollehon,   Noel R.; Johansson,   Robert C.; Breneman,   Vincent E.; Aillery,   Marcel P.; Agapoff,   Jean; Peters,   Mark.
Nutrients from livestock and poultry manure are key sources of water pollution. Ever-growing numbers of animals per farm and per acre have increased the risk of water pollution. New Clean Water Act regulations compel the largest confined animal producers to meet nutrient application standards when applying manure to the land, and USDA encourages all animal feeding operations to do the same. The additional costs for managing manure (such as hauling manure off the farm) have implications for feedgrain producers and consumers as well. This report's farm-level analysis examines on-farm technical choice and producer costs across major U.S. production areas for hauling manure to the minimum amount of land needed to assimilate manure nutrients. A regional...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Manure management costs; Price and quantity adjustments; Water quality; Animal waste; Manure nutrients; Excess nutrients; Confined animals; CAFO; Manure nitrogen; Manure phosphorus; Manure use; Assimilative capacity; Nutrient management plan; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33911

Mapping climatic risks in the EU agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gallego,   Javier; Conte,   Costanza G.; Dittmann,   Christoph; Stroblmair,   Josef; Bielza,   Maria.
Replaced with revised version of paper 11/18/08.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agrometeorological models; Climatic risk; European Union; Vegetation indices; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9260

Maquiladoras, Air Pollution, and Human Health in Ciudad Juarez and El Paso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Batz,   Michael B.; Evans,   David A.
Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, is home to the U.S.-Mexico border's largest maquiladora labor force, and also its worst air pollution. We marshal two types of evidence to examine the link between maquiladoras and air pollution in Ciudad Juarez, and in its sister city, El Paso, Texas. First, we use a publicly available sector-level emissions inventory for Ciudad Juarez to determine the importance of all industrial facilities (including maquiladoras) as a source of air pollution. Second, we use original plant-level data from two sample maquiladoras to better understand the impacts of maquiladora air pollution on human health. We use a series of computational models to estimate health damages attributable to air pollution from these plants, we compare these damages...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Maquiladora; Air pollution; Human health; Environmental justice; U.S.-Mexico border; Ciudad Juarez; El Paso; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10807

MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST CURVES FOR UK AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moran,   Dominic; MacLeod,   Michael J.; Wall,   Eileen; Eory,   Vera; McVittie,   Alistair; Barnes,   Andrew Peter; Rees,   Robert; Topp,   Cairistiona; Moxey,   Andrew.
This paper addresses the challenge of developing a ‘bottom-up’ marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) for greenhouse gas emissions from UK agriculture. A MACC illustrates the costs of specific crop, soil, and livestock abatement measures against a ‘‘business as usual’’ scenario. The results indicate that in 2022 under a specific policy scenario, around 5.38 MtCO2 equivalent (e) could be abated at negative or zero cost. A further 17% of agricultural GHG emissions (7.85 MtCO2e) could be abated at a lower unit cost than the UK Government’s 2022 shadow price of carbon (£34 (tCO2e)-1). The paper discusses a range of methodological hurdles that complicate cost-effectiveness appraisal of abatement in agriculture relative to other sectors.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Marginal abatement costs; Agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q52; Q 54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91399